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Theoretical Models of Consciousness: a Scoping Review
brain sciences Review Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review Davide Sattin 1,2,*, Francesca Giulia Magnani 1, Laura Bartesaghi 1, Milena Caputo 1, Andrea Veronica Fittipaldo 3, Martina Cacciatore 1, Mario Picozzi 4 and Matilde Leonardi 1 1 Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit—Scientific Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (F.G.M.); [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (M.L.) 2 Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities-PhD Program, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department and Center for Clinical Ethics, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy 3 Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; veronicaandrea.fi[email protected] 4 Center for Clinical Ethics, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-02-2394-2709 Abstract: The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. -
Mind Byte” Series Disperses Particles from the Consciousness Documentary “The Deeper You Go”
STORY LLC CONTACT 11TH STORY LLC FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Tel: 414.301.1102 or 2 [email protected] November 4, 2014 “MIND BYTE” SERIES DISPERSES PARTICLES FROM THE CONSCIOUSNESS DOCUMENTARY “THE DEEPER YOU GO” “Mind Byte” an ongoing series of one minute interview clips to promote the 2015 release of “The Deeper You Go” launched with controversial biologist Rupert Sheldrake. In “The Deeper You Go” Milwaukee filmmakers Lora Nigro and Kevin Rutkowski, reunited with Los Angeles cinematographer Vincent Gaudes, interviewed keynote speakers on the fly at The Toward a Science of Consciousness Conference organized and sponsored by The Center for Consciousness Studies; University of Arizona this April. Setting up camp in the hotel courtyard where the conference was held, they shot guerilla style with one HD camcorder and boom microphone but seized a hotel storage closet for the makeshift indoor shots. Known luminaries and TED talkers Deepak Chopra, Susan Blackmore, David Chalmers, Dan Dennett, Stuart Hameroff, John Searle, Stanislas Dehaene and NY Times best selling author Eben Alexander, Proof of Heaven are among the rock star line up. The Sneak Preview demo introduced this September captured the ensuing debate in quick point-counter point edits, suggesting that the sharpest minds in the field don’t agree much on the nature of mind. “Consciousness” the film’s featured soundtrack single also became available web-wide. Nigro and Rutkowski’s background as recording artists, whose lyrical explorations of the meaning of existence, provides a context for their interest in the subject. Consciousness is fundamental to our reality. Once the domain of religion, the study of human consciousness has exploded in the last decades, making headway in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, philosophy and other disciplines. -
14 Consciousness in the Universe an Updated Review of the “Orch
“9x6” b2237 Biophysics of Consciousness: A Foundational Approach FA Biophysics of Consciousness: A Foundational Approach R. R. Poznanski, J. A. Tuszynski and T. E. Feinberg Copyright © 2016 World Scientific, Singapore. 14 CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE UNIVERSE AN UPDATED REVIEW OF THE “ORCH OR” THEORY Stuart R. Hameroff,* and Roger Penrose† * Anesthesiology and Psychology, Center for Consciousness Studies, Banner-University Medical Center The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA † Mathematical Institute and Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Abstract The nature of consciousness, the mechanism by which it occurs in the brain, and its ultimate place in the universe are unknown. We proposed in the mid 1990’s that consciousness depends on biologically “orchestrated” coherent quantum processes in collections of microtubules within brain neurons, that these quantum processes correlate with, and regulate, neuronal synaptic and membrane activity, and that the continuous Schrödinger evolution of each such process terminates in accordance with the specific Diósi–Penrose (DP) scheme of “ objective reduction” (“OR”) of the quantum state. This orchestrated OR activity (“Orch OR”) is taken to result in moments of conscious awareness and/or choice. The DP form of OR is related to the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and space–time geometry, so Orch OR suggests that there is a connection between the brain’s biomolecular processes and the basic structure of the universe. Here we review Orch OR in light of criticisms and developments in quantum biology, neuroscience, physics and cosmology. We also introduce novel suggestions of (1) beat frequencies of faster Orch OR microtubule dynamics (e.g. megahertz) as a possible source 517 bb2237_Ch-14.indd2237_Ch-14.indd 551717 44/15/2016/15/2016 112:31:372:31:37 PPMM FA b2237 Biophysics of Consciousness: A Foundational Approach “9x6” 518 S. -
4Th MINDING ANIMALS CONFERENCE CIUDAD DE
th 4 MINDING ANIMALS CONFERENCE CIUDAD DE MÉXICO, 17 TO 24 JANUARY, 2018 SOCIAL PROGRAMME: ROYAL PEDREGAL HOTEL ACADEMIC PROGRAMME: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO Auditorio Alfonso Caso and Anexos de la Facultad de Derecho FINAL PROGRAMME (Online version linked to abstracts. Download PDF here) 1/47 All delegates please note: 1. Presentation slots may have needed to be moved by the organisers, and may appear in a different place from that of the final printed programme. Please consult the schedule located in the Conference Programme upon arrival at the Conference for your presentation time. 2. Please note that presenters have to ensure the following times for presentation to allow for adequate time for questions from the floor and smooth transition of sessions. Delegates must not stray from their allocated 20 minutes. Further, delegates are welcome to move within sessions, therefore presenters MUST limit their talk to the allocated time. Therefore, Q&A will be AFTER each talk, and NOT at the end of the three presentations. Plenary and Invited Talks – 45 min. presentation and 15 min. discussion (Q&A). 3. For panels, each panellist must stick strictly to a 10 minute time frame, before discussion with the floor commences. 4. Note that co-authors may be presenting at the conference in place of, or with the main author. For all co-authors, delegates are advised to consult the Conference Abstracts link on the Minding Animals website. Use of the term et al is provided where there is more than two authors of an abstract. 5. Moderator notes will be available at all front desks in tutorial rooms, along with Time Sheets (5, 3 and 1 minute Left). -
"Orchestrated Objective Reduction"(Orch OR)
Orchestrated Objective Reduction of Quantum Coherence in Brain Microtubules: The "Orch OR" Model for Consciousness Stuart Hameroff & Roger Penrose, In: Toward a Science of Consciousness - The First Tucson Discussions and Debates, eds. Hameroff, S.R., Kaszniak, A.W. and Scott, A.C., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 507-540 (1996) Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose ABSTRACT Features of consciousness difficult to understand in terms of conventional neuroscience have evoked application of quantum theory, which describes the fundamental behavior of matter and energy. In this paper we propose that aspects of quantum theory (e.g. quantum coherence) and of a newly proposed physical phenomenon of quantum wave function "self-collapse"(objective reduction: OR -Penrose, 1994) are essential for consciousness, and occur in cytoskeletal microtubules and other structures within each of the brain's neurons. The particular characteristics of microtubules suitable for quantum effects include their crystal-like lattice structure, hollow inner core, organization of cell function and capacity for information processing. We envisage that conformational states of microtubule subunits (tubulins) are coupled to internal quantum events, and cooperatively interact (compute) with other tubulins. We further assume that macroscopic coherent superposition of quantum-coupled tubulin conformational states occurs throughout significant brain volumes and provides the global binding essential to consciousness. We equate the emergence of the microtubule quantum coherence with pre-conscious processing which grows (for up to 500 milliseconds) until the mass-energy difference among the separated states of tubulins reaches a threshold related to quantum gravity. According to the arguments for OR put forth in Penrose (1994), superpositioned states each have their own space-time geometries. -
Illuminating the Past
Published by PhotoBook Press 2836 Lyndale Ave. S. Minneapolis, MN 55408 Designed at the School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 216 Lenoir Drive CB#3360, 100 Manning Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3360 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is committed to equality of educational opportunity. The University does not discriminate in o fering access to its educational programs and activities on the basis of age, gender, race, color, national origin, religion, creed, disability, veteran’s status or sexual orientation. The Dean of Students (01 Steele Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-5100 or 919.966.4042) has been designated to handle inquiries regarding the University’s non-discrimination policies. © 2007 Illuminating the Past A history of the first 75 years of the University of North Carolina’s School of Information and Library Science Illuminating the past, imagining the future! Dear Friends, Welcome to this beautiful memory book for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Information and Library Science (SILS). As part of our commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the School, the words and photographs in these pages will give you engaging views of the rich history we share. These are memories that do indeed illuminate our past and chal- lenge us to imagine a vital and innovative future. In the 1930’s when SILS began, the United States had fallen from being the land of opportunity to a country focused on eco- nomic survival. The income of the average American family had fallen by 40%, unemployment was at 25% and it was a perilous time for public education, with most communities struggling to afford teachers and textbooks for their children. -
Bob Fischer's CV
BOB FISCHER [email protected] Department of Philosophy bobfischer.net Texas State University orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-393X 601 University Drive 512.245.2403 San Marcos, TX 78666 EMPLOYMENT Texas State University: Associate Professor of Philosophy 2019-present Texas State University: Assistant Professor of Philosophy 2013-2019 Texas State University: Senior Lecturer 2011-2013 EDUCATION University of Illinois at Chicago, Ph.D., Philosophy 2006-2011 Dissertation: Modal Knowledge, in Theory Director: W. D. Hart State University of New York at Geneseo, B.A., English & Philosophy 2001-2004 PUBLICATIONS BOOKS AUTHORED What Do We Owe Other Animals? Under contract with Routledge. (w/ Anja Jauernig) Wildlife Ethics: Animal Ethics in Wildlife Management and Conservation. Under contract with Blackwell. (w/ Christian Gamborg, Jordan Hampton, Clare Palmer, and Peter Sandøe) Animal Ethics — A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge, 2021. The Ethics of Eating Animals: Usually Bad, Sometimes Wrong, Often Permissible. New York: Routledge, 2020. Modal Justification via Theories. Synthese Library. Cham: Springer, 2017. BOOKS EDITED A 21st Century Ethical Toolbox, 5th Edition. Under contract with Oxford University Press. (w/ Anthony Weston) Ethics, Left and Right: The Moral Issues That Divide Us. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. College Ethics: A Reader on Moral Issues That Affect You, 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. (1st Edition: 2017) The Routledge Handbook of Animal Ethics. New York: Routledge, 2020. Modal Epistemology After Rationalism. Synthese Library. Cham: Springer, 2017. (w/ Felipe Leon) The Moral Complexities of Eating Meat. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. (w/ Ben Bramble) ARTICLES & BOOK CHAPTERS “Animal Agriculture, Wet Markets, and COVID-19: A Case Study in Indirect Activism.” Food Ethics, forthcoming. -
Chimpanzee Rights: the Philosophers' Brief
Chimpanzee Rights: The Philosophers’ Brief By Kristin Andrews Gary Comstock G.K.D. Crozier Sue Donaldson Andrew Fenton Tyler M. John L. Syd M Johnson Robert C. Jones Will Kymlicka Letitia Meynell Nathan Nobis David M. Peña-Guzmán Jeff Sebo 1 For Kiko and Tommy 2 Contents Acknowledgments…4 Preface Chapter 1 Introduction: Chimpanzees, Rights, and Conceptions of Personhood….5 Chapter 2 The Species Membership Conception………17 Chapter 3 The Social Contract Conception……….48 Chapter 4 The Community Membership Conception……….69 Chapter 5 The Capacities Conception……….85 Chapter 6 Conclusions……….115 Index 3 Acknowledgements The authors thank the many people who have helped us throughout the development of this book. James Rocha, Bernard Rollin, Adam Shriver, and Rebecca Walker were fellow travelers with us on the amicus brief, but were unable to follow us to the book. Research assistants Andrew Lopez and Caroline Vardigans provided invaluable support and assistance at crucial moments. We have also benefited from discussion with audiences at the Stanford Law School and Dalhousie Philosophy Department Colloquium, where the amicus brief was presented, and from the advice of wise colleagues, including Charlotte Blattner, Matthew Herder, Syl Ko, Tim Krahn, and Gordon McOuat. Lauren Choplin, Kevin Schneider, and Steven Wise patiently helped us navigate the legal landscape as we worked on the brief, related media articles, and the book, and they continue to fight for freedom for Kiko and Tommy, and many other nonhuman animals. 4 1 Introduction: Chimpanzees, Rights, and Conceptions of Personhood In December 2013, the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) filed a petition for a common law writ of habeas corpus in the New York State Supreme Court on behalf of Tommy, a chimpanzee living alone in a cage in a shed in rural New York (Barlow, 2017). -
CRITICAL TERMS for ANIMAL STUDIES
CRITICAL TERMS for ANIMAL STUDIES Edited by LORI GRUEN THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS Chicago and London Contents Introduction • Lori Gruen 1 1 Abolition • Claire Jean Kim 15 2 Activism • Jeff Sebo and Peter Singer 33 3 Anthropocentrism • Fiona Probyn- Rapsey 47 4 Behavior • Alexandra Horowitz 64 5 Biopolitics • Dinesh Joseph Wadiwel 79 6 Captivity • Lori Marino 99 7 Difference • Kari Weil 112 8 Emotion • Barbara J. King 125 9 Empathy • Lori Gruen 141 10 Ethics • Alice Crary 154 11 Extinction • Thom van Dooren 169 12 Kinship • Agustín Fuentes and Natalie Porter 182 13 Law • Kristen Stilt 197 14 Life • Eduardo Kohn 210 15 Matter • James K. Stanescu 222 16 Mind • Kristin Andrews 234 17 Pain • Victoria A. Braithwaite 251 18 Personhood • Colin Dayan 267 19 Postcolonial • Maneesha Deckha 280 20 Rationality • Christine M. Korsgaard 294 21 Representation • Robert R. McKay 307 22 Rights • Will Kymlicka and Sue Donaldson 320 23 Sanctuary • Timothy Pachirat 337 24 Sentience • Gary Varner 356 25 Sociality • Cynthia Willett and Malini Suchak 370 26 Species • Harriet Ritvo 383 27 Vegan • Annie Potts and Philip Armstrong 395 28 Vulnerability • Anat Pick 410 29 Welfare • Clare Palmer and Peter Sandøe 424 Acknowledgments 439 List of Contributors 441 Index 451 INTRODUCTION Lori Gruen Animal Studies is almost always described as a new, emerging, and growing field. A short while ago some Animal Studies scholars suggested that it “has a way to go before it can clearly see itself as an academic field” (Gorman 2012). Other scholars suggest that the “discipline” is a couple of decades old (DeMello 2012). -
3 Normative Practices of Other Animals
3 NORMATIVE PRACTICES OF OTHER ANIMALS Sarah Vincent, Rebecca Ring, and Kristin Andrews Introduction Traditionally, discussions of moral participation—and in particular moral agency—have focused on fully formed human actors. There has been some interest in the development of morality in humans, as well as interest in cultural differences when it comes to moral practices, commitments, and actions. However, until relatively recently, there has been little focus on the possibility that nonhuman animals have any role to play in morality, save being the objects of moral concern (e.g., DeGrazia, 1996 ; Gruen, 2002 ; Rollin, 2007 ; Singer, 1975 ). Moreover, when nonhuman cases are considered as evidence of moral agency or subjecthood,1 there has been an anthropocentric tendency to focus on those behaviors that inform our attributions of moral agency to humans. For example, some argue that the ability to evaluate the princi- ples upon which a moral norm is grounded is required for full moral agency (e.g., Korsgaard, 1992 , 2006 , 2010 ; Rowlands, 2012 ). Certainly, if a moral agent must understand what makes an action right or wrong, then most nonhuman animals would not qualify (and perhaps some humans, too). However, if we are to understand the evolution of moral psychology and moral practice, we need to turn our attention to the foundations of full moral agency. We must fi rst pay attention to the more broadly normative practices of other animals.2 In part 1 of this chapter, we will examine the recent attention to animal moral practice by philosophers and animal cognition researchers and argue that their approach underes- timates the distribution of normative practice in animals by focusing on highly developed versions of morality. -
What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?
Beauchamp, Guy (2017) What can vigilance tell us about fear?. Animal Sentience 15(1) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1203 This article has appeared in the journal Animal Sentience, a peer-reviewed journal on animal cognition and feeling. It has been made open access, free for all, by WellBeing International and deposited in the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Animal Sentience 2017.015: Beauchamp on Fear & Vigilance Call for Commentary: Animal Sentience publishes Open Peer Commentary on all accepted target articles. Target articles are peer-reviewed. Commentaries are editorially reviewed. There are submitted commentaries as well as invited commentaries. Commentaries appear as soon as they have been reviewed, revised and accepted. Target article authors may respond to their commentaries individually or in a joint response to multiple commentaries. Instructions: http://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/guidelines.html What can vigilance tell us about fear? Guy Beauchamp Independent Researcher, Canada Abstract: Animal vigilance is concerned with the monitoring of potential threats caused by predators and conspecifics. Researchers have argued that threats are part of a landscape of fear tracking the level of risk posed by predators and conspecifics. Vigilance, which is expected to vary with the level of risk, could thus be used as a measure of fear. Here, I explore the relationship between vigilance and fear caused by predators and conspecifics. The joint occurrence of vigilance and other physiological responses to fear, such as increased heart rate and stress hormone release, would bolster the idea that vigilance can be a useful marker of fear. While there is some support for a positive relationship between vigilance and physiological correlates of fear, a common theme in much of the empirical research is that vigilance and physiological correlates of fear are often uncoupled. -
MSPCA Spring Gala Before After
COLLABORATION INTEGRITY POSITIVITY SERVICE EXCELLENCE COMPASSION COLLABORATION INTEGRITY POSITIVITY SERVICE EXCELLENCE COMPASSION 350 South Huntington Ave Boston, MA, 02130 2013 SERVICE EXCELLENCE COMPASSION COLLABORATIONmspca.org INTEGRITY POSITIVITYYEAR SERVICE IN REVIEW EXCELLENCE COMPASSION COLLABORATION INTEGRITY POSITIVITY COLLABORATION INTEGRITY POSITIVITY SERVICE EXCELLENCE COMPASSION SERVICE EXCELLENCE COMPASSION COLLABORATION INTEGRITY POSITIVITY BOARD OF Marilyn French SENIOR CONTACT INFORMATION SHALIT-GLAZER CLINIC DIRECTORS 2014 Joseph (Joel) Gagne MANAGEMENT TEAM Spay/Neuter Assistance Hillery Ballantyne, Mary Gens Carter Luke, MSPCA–ANGELL Program (SNAP) Chair Deborah Goldberg CEO ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES 617 541-5007 John G. Carberry Murray Gross Alice Bruce, 350 South Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02130 J. Robert Coleman, Jr. Rev. Michael E. Haynes Vice President, ADVOCACY 617 522-7400 Lindsay Cook Jo-Edith Heffron Development Advocacy & Legislative Issues mspca.org Lynn Bay Dayton Hannah Kiernan Kathleen K. Collins, 617 541-5008 Mark Fuller Barbara Kivowitz Senior Vice President & ANGELL ANIMAL Frederick Jamieson Dr. Anna Kolchinsky Chief Operating Officer DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL CENTER 2013 Catherine (Kit) Lilly Marilyn Kudisch Kim Gazzola, Information and Donations Angell Animal Medical YEAR IN REVIEW Carter Luke, Constance Lacaillade Vice President & 617 541-5046 CEO Mary Littleford Chief Financial Officer Center–Boston Judith Malone Robert W. Macleod, Ann Marie Manning, Appointments and MARKETING AND Sarah Monaco Honorary Director Chief of Staff, Angell Information COMMUNICATIONS The mission of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention Jessica Gifford Nigrelli Wayne Maggio Animal Medical Center 617 522-7282 Public Relations and Media Connie Noble Sharon Malt Joseph Silva, 617 541-5120 MSPCA ANIMAL CARE Carolyn Thayer Ross Ashley McCown Vice President of of Cruelty to Animals–Angell Animal Medical Center is to AND ADOPTION CENTERS Website Barbara Schaye Martha Mugar Strategic Initiatives Boston 617 541-5107 Lori Sidman Amy K.