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University of Arizona QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY, GEOCHRONOLOGY, AND CARBON ISOTOPE GEOLOGY OF ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN THE TEXAS PANHANDLE (RADIOCARBON). Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors STAFFORD, THOMAS WIER, JR. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 01:44:26 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187755 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University MicrOfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI481 06 8424911 Stafford, Thomas Wier, Jr. QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY, GEOCHRONOLOGY, AND CARBON ISOTOPE GEOLOGY OF ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN THE T~XAS PANHANDLE The University of Arizona PH.D. 1984 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark __-/_. 1. Glossy photographs or pages __ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print __ 3. Photographs with dark background __ 4. Illustrations are poor copy __ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy __ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page __ 7. Indistinct~ broken or small print on several pages ~ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements __ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine __ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print __ 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages __ 15. ~her______________________________________________________ _ University Microfilms International QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY, GEOCHRONOLOGY, AND CARBON ISOTOPE GEOLOGY OF ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN THE TEXAS PANHANDLE by Thomas Wier Stafford, Jr. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements . For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 8 4 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final E~amination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by ____T_h_o_m __ a_s __ W_i_e_r ___ S_t_a_f_f __ o_r_d~,~J_r~. ____________ __ entitled ___Q~u_a_t_e __ r_n_a_r~y~s __ t_r_a_t_1~'g~r~a~p~h~y~,~~g~e~o~c~h~r~o~n~o~l~o~g~y~,~a~n~d~c~a~r~b~o~n~ __ __ isotope geology of alluvial deposits in the Texas Panhandle and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement Ph.D. for the Degree of --------------------------------------------------------- Date , CC:~c:s:~:.-.s.;;~.. ---"' .. ~;::.."..;~~··2::;:?··"... h. ~~.---.) Date . J Pa"J. J Date I Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement • D1s. ~~~er a 10n D1rec or Date STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for xtended quotation from or repro­ duction of this manuscript in whole r in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the propose use of the material is in the in- terests of scholarship. In all othe however, permissio must be obtained from the author. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have aided me personally and financially during my graduate studies, and it is a pleasure to thank them for their generos­ ity. Dr. C. Vance Haynes, Jr. has supported by education from the very beginning through teaching and research positions. His generous latitude toward research gave me the opportunity to pursue my goals and it has contributed immeasurably to this dissertation. The following National Science Foundation grants to Dr. Haynes partially or fully supported my work: EAR 77-10109 A01 and EAR 7026362. Dr. Klaus Brendel generously gave his time, laboratory space, and equipment for the last two years while I completed the chemical aspects of this work; his guidance and friendship during that time were a major contribution to my success. Funding to Dr. Brendel was from National Institutes of Health Grant 5-ROI-EY-1868-05. Dr. Austin Long gave me the oppor­ tunity to construct a laboratory for bone 14C dating based on experiments in this dissertation; the laboratory, funded by National Science Foundation Grant BNS-8211864, was used to complete the amino acid 14C dating aspects. Dr. Paul M. Martin first helped me through the University's impersonal corridors, provided early training at Tumamoc Hill, and at two critical times steered me toward a degree that may have otherwise eluded me. I thank Dr. Victor R. Baker for assisting with the fluvial aspects of the dissertation. The geologic investigations were supported by the following National Science Foundation grants to Eileen Johnson: BNS76-12006, iii iv BNS76-12006 AO!. Additional funding for the isotopic studies were provided by the University of Arizona Laboratory of Isotopic Geo­ chemistry, The University of Arizona Graduate Student Research Development Fund and the Geological Society of America Grant 2540-79. The accelerator 14C dates were made in cooperations with Drs. A. J. Timothy Jull and Douglas J. Donahue from the University of Arizona Tandem Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 14C dating facility, which is funded by the National Science Foundation Grant CHE 78-118576 to Drs. Paul E. Damon, Department of Geosciences,. and Dr. Douglas J. Donahue, Department of Physics, The University of Arizona. I want to thank my parents for all their years of support that helped lay a foundation for this dissertation. I thank my brother, Bill, for his constant companionship and advice and for having to time to listen. My scientific interest was nurtured years ago by two couples, who never lost faith in me and who always shared my curiosity for what lay beyond the next hill. To Elwood and Marie Wilkins, Jr. and Jim and Marianne Akerman, thank you for all the good times. To my step­ daughter Melanie, I thank her for always asking "How many more pages do you have to write, Tom?" because one more page always followed. I dedicate this dissertation to my wife, Linda, without whose love none of this would have been possible. Thank you for your laughs, your hugs, your understanding and for keeping my feathers from getting too ruffled. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . vii LIST OF TABLES . .. ix ABSTRACT •• . x 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Geography and Regional Geology. • • • • • • 2 Methodology. • • • • • • • • • • 6 Previous Research. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 Summary of Late Quaternary History. • • • • 11 2. ALLUVIAL STRATIGRAPHY • 15 Geology of Lubbock Lake Site 16 Blanco Formation 16 Strata 01 and 02 16 Tahokan(?)-age Sediments •• 18 Stratum 03 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Yellowhouse Draw Formation 21 Member 1 •••• •• 21 Member 2 •••••••••• 28 Member 2 Radiocarbon Dates 35 Member 3 •• 39 Member 4 ••••• 47 Member 5 ••••• 50 Geology of Upper and Lower Yellowhouse Draw and Blackwater Draw • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 54 Alluvial Strat:igraphy of Yellowhouse Draw Downstream from the Lubbock Lake Site. • • • ••• 54 Alluvial Stratigraphy of Yellowhouse Draw Upstream from the Lubbock Lake Site • 57 Trench 109 • • • • 58 Trench 114 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 59 Trench 111 • • • • 60 Alluvial Stratigraphy of Blackwater Draw ••• 60 Trench 110 • 60 Trench 112 • • • • • • • • .
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