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Ultimo TAFE Stone Carvings Part C

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Ultimo TAFE Stone Carvings Part C PART 3 CONCISE REPORT 226 227 SYDNEY TECHNICAL COLLEGE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OVERVIEW 1.2 The creation of Sydney Technical College In 1878, Sydney Mechanics School of Art, the Engineering SANDSTONE CARVINGS The creation of Sydney Technical College (STC) was a local response Association of New South Wales Trades and the Trades and Labour 1. OVERVIEW to the need for advancement, education and practical training to Council of New South Wales joined forces to establish the Technical cater for the sweeping social change ensuing from globalisation, and Working Men’s College (which became known as Sydney industrialisation and urbanisation in the second half of the 19th 2. ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES Technical College) in 1878. By 1881, over 1,000 students had BUILDINGS A, B AND C century. The buildings associated with the original institution enrolled in over 50 of the courses offered by the College which incorporated some of the new idiom, skills and technology with a covered subjects as diverse as Applied Mathematics and Steam 3. CARVED ORNAMENT distinctly Australian flavour. Engines, Simple Surgery, Freehand Drawing, English Grammar BY MARGARET BETTERIDGE and Reading and Natural Philosophy. The College motto ‘manu et 4. THE SYDNEY TECHNICAL COLLEGE 1.1 Technical education mente’ implying ‘hand and mind’ appropriately reflected the shared COMMISSION disciplines and applications of art and industry. Technical education in New South Wales had its origins in the Mechanics’ Institutes and Schools of Arts movement which The College had been established, not by the colonial government 5. ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL flourished throughout England and Scotland from the early 19th for the purposes of education, but by those closely associated with FEATURES ON SYDNEY TECHNICAL COLLEGE century. These community organisations established buildings to the technical trades who understood the need to train competent house libraries and reading rooms and venues for lectures, meetings workmen for jobs associated with the growth and development of and adult education. the colony. It relied on membership fees and government subsidies 6. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE to help defray its expenses, but with its increasing popularity, The Sydney Mechanics School of Arts was founded by a Scottish expanding programs and lack of resources, government soon emigrant, Henry Carmichael, in 1833 in response to the need to 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY realised it had to do something. It responded by establishing a provide an educational and recreational organisation for working Board of Technical Education in 1883 to assume control over the people and a place where artisans and tradesmen could gather to administration and to develop 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS share ideas and knowledge and maintain some currency in their disciplines. To get it started, Carmichael organised a public meeting, ‘a state system of technical education for the improvement which was attended by around 200 people and Major Thomas of the industrial youth of the country of all classes in those Mitchell was appointed its first President. By 1837, the School had branches of practical knowledge which relate to their callings its own purpose-built premises at 275 Pitt Street which housed a in life’ 1 lending library and a venue for public lectures. By 1865, it was able The relationship between the Board and the Department of to expand it programs to include classes in mechanical drawing run Public Instruction, to which it reported, eventually failed, with the by engineer and educator, Norman Selfe. Mechanical drawing was Department creating its own Technical Education Branch in 1889. considered the basis for ‘good design’ and an important discipline However, one of the Board’s final contributions was to secure the to further the potential of industrial and manufacturing outcomes. site for a permanent home for the new Sydney Technical College Selfe’s classes proved popular in a landscape devoid of organised which had been operating its classes from numerous premises formal training for tradesmen. throughout the city. 1 Vice-regal speech, Opening of Parliament 9 Oct 1883 cited by J A Hone in The Practical Man as a Hero Technical Education in New South Wales in the 1870s and 1880s, Australian Cultural History, no 8, 1989, p73 228 229 2.ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES 2.1 The British Museum of Natural History There can be no doubt that a major influence on Kemp’s designs for Sydney Technical College was a blend of contemporary architectural trends – and in particular the recent completion of the British Museum, Natural History (now the Natural History Museum), in South Kensington, London, designed by Alfred Waterhouse, with Examples of school buildings designed by William E Kemp from left, Redfern Public School (now the plethora of naturalistic carved ornament to the exterior; and a The Victoria and Albert Museum adopted the Romanesque in style in red brickwork and terracotta, Centre for National Indigenous Excellence), Newtown North Public School 1889, Concord Public competition to design the new building for the Victoria and Albert conjoining art and industry. School Museum (whose judging panel included Alfred Waterhouse). London’s British Museum of Natural History, completed in 1881 in Romanesque style, set a .. He used the vehicle of public exhibitions to promote his benchmark which inspired William Kemp in his designs for Sydney Technical College. The British Museum, Natural History was completed, not to the message and demonstrate the application of art to industry 1.3 The acquisition of a site original Renaissance-inspired design by Francis Fowke on account and Royal patronage to garner support from government. of his sudden and untimely death – but in the Romanesque style, From 1883, the Board had agitated for the purchase of a portion transported from Medieval Europe, and distinguished by round Between 1851 (London) and 1889 (Paris), there had been thirteen (3.5 acre or 1.5 hectacre) on land subdivided by John Harris on arches and massive vaulting and transitional between Roman and international exhibitions and expositions, showcasing the latest his Ultimo estate. At the time, Ultimo was considered to be remote Gothic. in industrial, technological, scientific, artistic and agricultural from the city, but Minister John Carruthers, whose portfolio included achievement. The public’s exposure to so much advancement led education and public instruction, along with government architect Waterhouse collaborated in his design with Richard Owen, the to their desire to own its outcomes to improve their quality of life. James Barnet and others inspected the site, first from the top British Museum’s Superintendent of Natural History Collections, These beneficiaries of progress in turn sustained a huge movement of Anthony Hordern’s tall building at Haymarket from where the who ‘took the liberty to suggest that many objects of natural history for manufacturing which hitherto had been compromised by the lack surrounding landscape and its connectivity could be appreciated – might afford subjects for architectural ornament’4 determining of appropriate education and technical training. and then to the site where that the Romanesque style as he knew it in Germany, lent itself to the incorporation of naturalistic architectural ornament on the The architectural brief for the South Kensington Museum Mr Carruthers, like many others, had not realised that the building associated with the living and extinct zoological, botanical (renamed the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1899), founded as Ultimo site was so close to Haymarket and George Street, and paleontological exhibits inside. Not only was Owen’s view an a consequence of the Great Exhibition of 1851, was devised to and when he had walked to the spot, he admitted at once its expression of John Ruskin’s principles of truth in ornament derived showcase the world’s leading artistic traditions of art and industry. It central character and grand superiority to all the other sites Alfred Waterhouse’s designs for decorative ornament of living and extinct species of animals, realised from nature – his ‘Temple of Nature’ embodied his ideology of the in terracotta, drew inspiration from the Museum’s collections and mission. included an aesthetic requirement that the external facades should that had been proposed for a College.”2 order in Nature, at a time of heightened scientific debate about be executed in red brickwork with stone dressings or red brickwork evolutionary theory which followed the publication of Charles with terracotta dressings.7 Minister Carruther’s concurrence was the catalyst for the purchase Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859. of the site and in March 1891, in the midst of a construction In 1880, when Sir John Robertson, premier of New South Wales, Here was just one example of Cole’s notion of the applied arts at site, the first classes began at Ultimo. By September that year, amalgamated all school construction under one departmental To ensure the scientific accuracy of the flora and fauna, Owen work. Much of the decoration inside the museum was executed by Architectural ornament on Sydney Technical College The Sydney Illustrated News was informing its readers of the head, he appointed Kemp to fill the position. Kemp continued in provided scientific illustrations and specimens of both living and students from the government art school, whose workshops were on this position throughout the economic downturn during the 1890s ‘nearing completion of a noble pile of buildings which was destined extinct species which Waterhouse adapted as pencil drawings and the same site. beauty and an appreciation of ‘art for art’s sake’. William Morris, when the Department of Public Instruction’s architectural section to become the centre of industrial life in the colonies and an designs. A French modeller, M. Dujardin, then translated these into whose name and art is indelibly linked to the late 19th century 3 was briefly amalgamated in 1894 with the Government Architect’s architectural adornment to the city’. plaster casts, from which the terracotta statues were manufactured.
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