Nras and Digitalisation Deliverable D2.1 October 2019
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DIRIZON NRAs and Digitalisation Deliverable D2.1 October 2019 CEDR Call 2017: Automation CEDR Call 2017: Automation Project Nr. 867492 Project acronym: DIRIZON Project title: advanced options for authorities in light of Automation and DIgitalisation hoRIZON Deliverable D2.1 – NRAs and Digitalisation Due date of deliverable: 31.12.2018 Actual submission date: 03.10.2019 Start date of project: 01.09.2018 End date of project: 31.08.2020 Author(s) this deliverable: Mark Tucker, Emmanouil Kakouris, ROD-IS, Ireland Max Schreuder, Kerry Malone, TNO, Netherlands Katharina Helfert, AustriaTech, Austria Christian Lüpges, Albrecht Consult, Germany Christian Kleine, HERE, Germany Version: Final CEDR Call 2017: Automation Executive summary The Digitalisation of road networks and the rapid developments in Automated Driving will affect the core activities that National Road Authorities (NRAs) carry out, offer new business opportunities and provide NRAs with new and more efficient ways to achieve goals for road safety, traffic efficiency, the environment and customer service. To assist the NRAs in moving towards the Digitalisation of their road networks and Automated Driving, the DIRIZON project’s goal is to support NRAs in identifying how these developments will affect their operations and their interaction with other actors. However, a detailed investigation on the current status of European NRAs within this area is lacking. Hence, the ultimate objective of this deliverable is to identify, not only their current Level of Digitalisation and Automated Driving but also to explore their future plans. To this end, a three-stage methodology, presented in this deliverable, is proposed, namely undertaking a literature review, conducting interviews with representatives from relevant actors and selecting Use Cases for further evaluation and elaboration in subsequent work streams. The literature review summarises the most notable past and ongoing platforms and projects implemented by European countries in this area. The literature review provides an overview of the projects, the location of the pilot tests and services covered and standards/regulations. The interviews were conducted with representatives from NRA’s, Ministries’ and Road Operators both from CEDR funding countries and Non-CEDR funding countries. The goal of the interviews is to obtain general information regarding issues such as the current & future status of Digitalisation & Automation, their policies, and their views on benefits and barriers. In addition to analysing the output from the interview questions, the background of the organisations interviewed in respect of Digitalisation and Automated Driving is presented. The output of both these stages is subsequently used, in conjunction with input from the CEDR CAD WG, to select three Use Cases specific to the areas of Digitalisation and Automated Driving. The key findings from both the literature review and interviews are identified and described and conclusions drawn based on these findings. It is noted that the current Levels of Digitalisation and Automated Driving varies between countries, and different countries are at different stages of deployment and implementation. This is reflected in organisations participation in previous, ongoing and planned research projects and platforms. However, while there are numerous C-ITS pilot projects ongoing and planned the same cannot be said in respect of Automation/Automated Driving. Participation in projects and platforms is seen as critical, not only for validating the technologies and services developed but also to develop collaborations with Third parties and provide confidence to the public (i.e. the user) that these technologies and services can have a positive impact on traffic flow and safety. In terms of the future outlook, Digitalisation is more defined through relevant action plans, which are generally not in place in respect of Automated Driving. The main barriers or risks to achieving full Digitalisation of the road network and Automated Driving, are for the most part identified as being similar and include; financial barriers; a lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities; legal/regulatory issues; insufficient collaboration between actors; data issues (privacy, cybersecurity, sharing etc.); insufficient interoperability, both at national and European Level; technical issues and public acceptability. Specific aspects of these barriers and risks include; i CEDR Call 2017: Automation Financial: While the need for investment is clear, the amount of investment required is still unclear both for the initial investment and operation costs. Roles and Responsibilities: These are largely unclear at present though the organisations interviewed do have a view on where they see their primary role. Legal/Regulatory issues: Legislation and/or legislative frameworks are required to address items such as liability, data privacy, data ownership and data sharing, to name a few. Insufficient Collaboration between actors: Without collaboration, inconsistent information could be provided to users, which can lead to unsafe traffic conditions. Data Issues: Harmonisation of the data in a standard format and putting in place legislative frameworks is required for all aspects of data. Equally how to deal with large volumes of data will need to be addressed. Insufficient interoperability: Formalising and standardising data requirements, formats and exchange/sharing mechanisms, a both an EU and National Level, is critical to realise the full benefits of Automated Driving Technical Issues: The technology needs to be validated and tested in a real environment. Public Acceptability: Without public acceptability of the technology and services developed, implementation will be difficult. Typically, it is acknowledged that the risks can be minimised, and barriers addressed through participation in research projects, and platforms. It is also noted that the NRA’s are not necessarily responsible for eliminating all barriers and risks – Government has a key role to play in this regard in developing the legal frameworks, ethics standards, insurance regulations etc. Digitalisation and Automated Driving will invariably change how NRA’s operate, and notwithstanding the associated barriers and risks, it is expected that their implementation will significantly improve how NRA’s operate and manage their networks thus providing NRA’s with the tools to impact traffic safety positively. Equally, their implementation could see a reduction in NRA’s costs by eliminating the need to collect data and construct hard infrastructure (i.e. gantries etc.). ii CEDR Call 2017: Automation Project information Project title advanced options for authorities in light of Automation and DIgitalisation hoRIZON 2040. Acronym - Logo CEDR CEDR Call 2017: Automation: Topics addressed A. How will Automation change the core business of NRA’s? B. What new options do NRAs have from Digitalisation and Automation? C. Practical learnings for NRAs from test sites. Project Max Schreuder Email [email protected] Coordinator TNO Address The Hague - New Babylon Tel. +31 (0) 88 866 32 79 Netherlands Partners TNO Country NL Roughan & O’Donovan IRL Innovative Solutions (ROD-IS) Albrecht Consult DE AustriaTech AT HERE (Associated DE Partner) Start date 01/09/2018 Duration 24 (in months) End date 31/08/2020 Project Website https://www.dirizon- cedr.com/ iii CEDR Call 2017: Automation Table of contents Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ i Project information ........................................................................................................................ iii Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... viii Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... x 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The Research Need ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The DIRIZON research project .............................................................................................. 3 2 Objectives of WP2: NRAs and Digitalisation ....................................................................... 5 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Literature review ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Interviews ............................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Selection of Use Cases .......................................................................................................