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Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro : His Anti-Slavery Labours in the United

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Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro : His Anti-Slavery Labours in the United JjsIb hhhbi IK HI I r$w¥'lM iiHHl ••,'•'"'.'•• : t. - \'H&i$& " WSHm Wm &$ && BS&* MS* mm HMilllliiBlmliiM : ; V •-.US -'.v' .- life m '.•>: -. IJiMfe Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. University of Illinois Library ^hn^^- ^h^Y -C*-^-^-' * ~st AUTOBIOGRAPHY A FUGITIVE NEGRO HIS ANTI-SLAVERY LABOURS UNITED STATES, CANADA, & ENGLAND. BY SAMUEL RINGGOLD WARD, TORONTO. LONDON: JOHN SNOW, 35, PATERNOSTER ROW, 1855. TO -HER GRACE THE DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND. Madam : The frank and generous sympathy evinced by your Grace in behalf of American slaves has been recognized by all classes, and is gratefully cherished by the Negro's heart. A kind Providence placed me for a season within the circle of your influence, and made me largely share its beneficent action, in the occasional intercourse of Nobles and Ladies of high rank, who sympathize in your senti- ments. I am devoutly thankful to God, the Creator of the Negro, for this gleam of his sunshine, though it should prove but a brief token of his favour ; and desire that my oppressed kindred may yet show themselves not un- worthy of their cause being advocated by the noblest of all lands, and sustained and promoted by the wise and virtuous of every region. I cannot address your Grace as an equal; though the generous nobility of your heart would require that I should use no expression inconsistent with the dignity of a man, the creation of God's infinite wisdom and goodness. I cannot give flattering titles, or employ the language of adulation: IV DEDICATION. I should offend your Grace if I did so, aud prove myself unworthy of that good opinion which I earnestly covet. To you, Madam, I am indebted for many instances of spontaneous kindness, and to your influence I owe frequent opportunities of representing the claims of my oppressed race. I should not have felt emboldened to attempt the authorship of this Volume, had it not been for a conviction, sustained by unmistakable tokens, that in all classes, from the prince to the peasant, there is a chord of sympathy which vibrates to the appeals of my suffering people. Before your Grace can see these lines, I shall be again traversing the great Atlantic. Will you, Madam, pardon this utterance of the deep-felt sentiment of a grateful heart, which can only find indulgence and relief in the humble dedication of this Volume to you, as my honoured patroness, and the generous friend of the Negro people in all lands? I am not versed in the language of courts or the etiquette of the peerage ; but my heart is warm with gratitude, and my pen can but faintly express the sense of obligations I shall long cherish toward your noble House and the illustrious members of your Grace's family, from whom I have received many undeserved kindnesses. I have the honour to be, Madam, Your Grace's most obedient and grateful Servant, SAMUEL RINGGOLD WARD. London, 3ld October, 18.)j. CONTENTS, AUTOBIOGRAPHY. CHAPTER I. PAGE Family History . 3 CHAPTER II. Personal History CHAPTER III. The Fugitives from Slavery CHAPTER IV. Struggles against the Prejudice of Colour ANTI-SLAVERY LABOURS. $ art #._UNITED STATES. CHAPTER I. Anti-slavery : what ? . o7 .. ... .. CHAPTER II. PAGE Work begun . 44 CHAPTER III. The Field occupied . 52 CHAPTER IV. The Issue contemplated . 61 CHAPTER V. The Political Question . 73 CHAPTER VI. The White Church and Coloured Pastor . 79 CHAPTER VII. Terminus op Labours in the United States . 1 02 $avt M.—CANADA. CHAPTER I. First Impressions: Reasons for Labours CHAPTER II. Resistance to Slave Policy CHAPTER III. PACE Fugitives evince true Heroism 169 CHAPTER IV Canadian Freemen 18!) $art ffi.—GREAT BRITAIN. CHAPTER I. Voyage, Arrival, etc. 227 CHAPTER II. "243 Commencement of Labour in England . CHAPTER III. Pro-Slavery Men in England 25G CHAPTER IV. British Abolitionism CHAPTER V. Incidents, etc. CHAPTER VI. PAGE Scotland .'. 330 CHAPTER VII. Ireland CHAPTER VIII. Wales CHAPTER IX. Grateful Reminiscences—Conclusion AUTOBIOGKAPHY. ;; AUTOBIOGRAPHY. CHAPTER I. FAMILY HISTOEY. I WAS born on the 17th October, 1817, in that part of the State of Maryland, U.S., commonly called the Eastern Shore. I regret that I can give no accurate account of the precise location of my birth- place. I may as well state now the reason of my ignorance of this matter. My parents were slaves. I was born a slave. They escaped, and took their then only child with them. I was not then old enough to know anything about my native place and as I grew up, in the State of New Jersey, where my parents lived till I was nine years old, and in the State of New York subsequently, where we lived for many years, my parents were always in danger of being arrested and re-enslaved. To avoid this, they took every possible caution: among their measures of caution was the keeping of the children quite ignorant of their birthplace, and of their condition, whether free or slave, when born because children might, by the dropping of a single b 2 4 AUTOBIOGRAPHY. word, lead to the betrayal of their parents. My brother, however, was born in New Jersey; and my parents, supposing (as is the general presump- tion) that to be born in a free State is to be born free, readily allowed us to tell where my brother was born; but my birthplace I was neither per- mitted to tell nor to know. Hence, while the secresy and mystery thrown about the matter led me, most naturally, to suspect that I was born a slave, I never received direct evidence of it, from either of my parents, until I was four-and-twenty years of age; and then my mother informed my wife, in my absence. Generous reader, will you therefore kindly forgive my inability to say exactly where I was born; what gentle stream arose near the humble cottage where I first breathed—how that stream sparkled in the sunlight, as it mean- dered through green meadows and forests of stately oaks, till it gave its increased self as a contribution to the Chesapeake Bay—if I do not tell you the name of my native town and county, and some in- teresting details of their geographical, agricultural, geological, and revolutionary history—if I am silent as to just how many miles I was born from Bal- timore the metropolis, or Annapolis the capital, of my native State ? Fain would I satisfy you in all this ; but I cannot, from sheer ignorance. I was born a slave—where ? Wherever it was, it was FAMILY HISTORY. O where I dare not be seen or known, lest those who held my parents and ancestors in slavery should make a claim, hereditary or legal, in some form, to the ownership of my body and soul. My father, from what I can gather, was de- scended from an African prince. I ask no parti- cular attention to this, as it comes to me simply from tradition —such tradition as poor slaves may maintain. Like the sources of the Nile, my ances- try, I am free to admit, is rather difficult of tracing. My father was a pure-blooded negro, perfectly black, with woolly hair ; but, as is frequently true of the purest negroes, of small, handsome features. He was about 5 feet 10 inches in height, of good figure, cheerful disposition, bland manners, slow in deciding, firm when once decided, generous and unselfish to a fault ; and one of the most consistent, simple-hearted, straightforward Christians, I ever knew. What I have grouped together here con- cerning him you would see in your first acquaint- ance with him, and you would see the same throughout his entire life. Had he been educated, free, and admitted to the social privileges in early life for which nature fitted him, and for which even slavery could not, did not, altogether unfit him, my poor crushed, outraged people would never have had nor needed a better representation of them- selves—a better specimen of the black gentleman. 6 AUTOBIOGRAPHY. Yes : among the heaviest of my maledictions against slavery is that which it deserves for keep- ing my poor father—and millions like him—in the midnight and dungeon of the grossest ignorance. Cowardly system as it is, it does not dare to allow the slave access to the commonest sources of light and learning. After his escape, my father learned to read, so that he could enjoy the priceless privilege of search- ing the Scriptures. Supporting himself by his trade as a house painter, or whatever else offered (as he was a man of untiring industry), he lived in Cumberland County, New Jersey, from 1820 until 1826 ; in New York city from that year until 1838; and in the city of Newark, New Jersey, from 1838 until May 1851, when he died, at the age of 68. In April I was summoned to his bedside, where I found him the victim of paralysis. After spend- ing some few days with him, and leaving him very much better, I went to Pennsylvania on business, and returned in about ten days, when he appeared still very comfortable ; I then, for a few days, left him. My mother and I knew that another attack was to be feared—another, we knew too well, would prove fatal ; but when it would occur was of course beyond our knowledge ; but we hoped for the best. My father and I talked very freely of his death.
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