Sustainability in the Motion Picture Industry
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Contractor’s Report to the Board Sustainability in the Motion Picture Industry November 2006 Produced under contract by: University of California Los Angeles UCLA Institute of the Environment S TATE OF C ALIFORNIA Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor Linda S. Adams Secretary, California Environmental Protection Agency • INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT BOARD Margo Reid Brown Jeffrey Danzinger Cheryl Peace Board Chair Board Member Board Member Gary Petersen Rosalie Mulé Pat Wiggins Board Member Board Member Board Member • Mark Leary Executive Director For additional copies of this publication, contact: Integrated Waste Management Board Public Affairs Office, Publications Clearinghouse (MS–6) 1001 I Street P.O. Box 4025 Sacramento, CA 95812-4025 www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/ 1-800-CA-WASTE (California only) or (916) 341-6306 Publication # 440-06-017 Copies of this document originally provided by CIWMB were printed on recycled paper containing 100 percent postconsumer fiber. Copyright © 2006 by the California Integrated Waste Management Board. All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission. Prepared as part of contract no. IWM-C2054, (total contract amount: $170,000; includes other services.) The California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) does not discriminate on the basis of disability in access to its programs. CIWMB publications are available in accessible formats upon request by calling the Public Affairs Office at (916) 341-6300. Persons with hearing impairments can reach the CIWMB through the California Relay Service, 1-800-735-2929. Disclaimer: This report to the Board was produced under contract by the UCLA Institute of the Environment. The statements and conclusions contained in this report are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the California Integrated Waste Management Board, its employees, or the State of California and should not be cited or quoted as official Board policy or direction. The State makes no warranty, expressed or implied, and assumes no liability for the information contained in the succeeding text. Any mention of commercial products or processes shall not be construed as an endorsement of such products or processes. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................1 Background.............................................................................................................................................1 Structure of Report..................................................................................................................................1 A Word of Caution..................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................2 Background.............................................................................................................................................2 Structure of This Report..........................................................................................................................2 Our Experience During the Study: Challenges Encountered..................................................................3 Environmental Issues in the Motion Picture Industry: A Historical View....................................................4 Methodology...........................................................................................................................................4 Findings ..................................................................................................................................................5 Environmental Impacts of the Motion Picture Industry: The Macro View...................................................6 Methodology...........................................................................................................................................6 Sectors Studied .......................................................................................................................................8 Results...................................................................................................................................................10 Limitations............................................................................................................................................18 Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................19 Environmental Impacts of the Motion Picture Industry: The Micro View .................................................19 Description of Sample...........................................................................................................................19 The Players ...........................................................................................................................................20 The Budget............................................................................................................................................22 Recycling ..............................................................................................................................................24 Filming on Location..............................................................................................................................29 Energy Consumption ............................................................................................................................31 Various Other Environmental Issues ....................................................................................................33 Other Barriers to Environmental Practices in the Motion Picture Industry ..........................................33 Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................36 Environmental Best Practices: Case Studies ...............................................................................................36 Best practice example: Carbon-neutral production at The Day After Tomorrow.................................36 Best Practice Example: Low-Impact Volcanoes...................................................................................39 Best Practice Example: The San Diego Film Commission and “Lords of Dogtown”.........................40 Best Practice Example: Waste Management at “Film X”.....................................................................43 Best Practice Example: Reducing Paper Usage at “According to Jim”................................................47 Best Practice Example: Kenter Canyon Charter School Library (“Life as a House” Lives on in the Kenter Canyon Charter School Library)...............................................................................................48 Best Practice Example: The ReUse People Salvage the Sets From” The Matrix” 2 and 3 ..................50 i Best Practice Example: Warner Brothers Implements Re-refined Oil Program...................................52 Best Practice Example: ISO 14001 Certification at Sony Pictures.......................................................54 Best Practice Example: Safety Passport Program.................................................................................55 Environmental Production Guides ..............................................................................................................57 Existing Green Guidelines for the Motion Picture Industry .................................................................57 Existing environmental standards in other industries ...........................................................................58 Animal Welfare Standards in the Motion Picture Industry...................................................................62 Conclusions From Existing Environmental Production Guides ...........................................................63 Recommendations on Implementation of Green Production Guidelines..............................................64 Outreach ......................................................................................................................................................66 Green Light Discussions I: April 14, 2004 ...........................................................................................66 Green Light Discussions II: “From the Red Carpet to Green Productions,” February 4, 2005............67 Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................................................................68 References ...................................................................................................................................................70 Appendix A: Interviews Conducted ............................................................................................................72 Appendix B: Interview Questions ...............................................................................................................74 Program Structure and Management ....................................................................................................74