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The Floods of May 17-18, 1985 and October 6-7, 1985 in Puerto Rico

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The Floods of May 17-18, 1985 and October 6-7, 1985 in Puerto Rico THE FLOODS OF MAY 17-18, 1985 AND OCTOBER 6-7, 1985 IN PUERTO RICO By Ferdinand Quinones and Karl G. Johnson U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 87-123 Prepared in cooperation with the PUERTO RICO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, PUERTO RICO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY BOARD, AND PUERTO RICO HIGHWAY AUTHORITY San Juan, Puerto Rico 1987 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional Information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: Chief, Caribbean District, WRD U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports GPO Box 4424 Federal Center, Bldg. 41 San Juan, Puerto Rico OO936 Box 25425 Denver, Colorado 8O225 Ill CONTENTS PAGE Abstract..................................................... 1 Introduction................................................. 1 The floods of May 17-18, 1985................................ 3 Rainfall................................................ 3 Flooding and damages.................................... 3 Peak discharges......................................... 4 The floods of October 6-7, 1985.............................. 10 Rainfall................................................ 10 Flooding and damages.................................... 10 Peak discharges......................................... 14 Landslides.............................................. 14 Comparison of the 1985 floods with historical floods......... 14 Summary...................................................... 19 References cited............................................. 20 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Map of Puerto Rico showing locations mentioned in this report:................................ 2 2. Map showing cumulative precipitation over Puerto Rico during May 15-19, 1985................... 4 3. Map showing areas in Puerto Rico where flooding was most severe during May 1985............... 6 4. Map showing network of streamflow gaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Puerto Rico................................... 7 5. Graphs showing discharge hydrographs at key streamflow gaging stations during the May 15-19, 1985 floods at: a) Rio Grande de Manati at Highway 2, near Manati, b) Rio Fajardo near Fajardo, c) Rio Inabon at Real Abajo, and d) Rio Grande de Anasco near San Sebastian.... 9 IV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued) PAGE Figure 6. Map showing cumulative precipitation over Puerto Rico during October 6-7, 1985................. 10 7. Graph showing hourly and cumulative rainfall during October 6-7, 1985 at Tallaboa gage near Penuelas, southern Puerto Rico................ 11 8. Map showing areas flooded in southern Puerto Rico during the October 6-7, 1985 floods........... 13 9. Graphs showing discharge hydrographs at key streamflow gaging stations during the October 6-7, 1985 floods at: a) Rio Grande de Manati at Highway 2 near Manati, b) Rio Grande de Loiza at Caguas, c) Rio Inabon at Real Abajo, and d) Rio Cerrillos near Ponce................... 16 10. Map showing location of Barrio Mameyes near the city of Ponce in southern Puerto Rico......... 17 11. Graph showing comparison of unit discharges during the 1960 and 1985 floods in Puerto Rico....... 18 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Daily precipitation, in inches, for May 15-19, 1985 at selected National Weather Service- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NWS-NOAA) stations throughout Puerto Rico.... 2. Summary of gage heights and discharges during floods of May 17-18, 1985 at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations throughout Puerto Rico........................ 3. Daily precipitation, in inches, for October 5-8, 1985 at selected National Weather Service- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NWS-NOAA) stations throughout Puerto Rico.... 12 A. Summary of gage heights and discharges during floods of October 6-7, 1985 at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations throughout Puerto Rico............... 15 CONVERSION FACTORS For the convenience of readers who may want to use the International Systems of Units (Si), the data may be converted by using the following factors: Multiply inch-pound units by To obtain SI units inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) 2 square mile (mi ) 2.590 square kilometer (km ) 3 acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,233 cubic meter (m ) 3 cubic yard (yd ) 0.7646 cubic meter (m ) 3 cubic foot per second (ft /s) 0.02832 cubic~meter per second (m /sec) cubic foot per second .2- cubic meter per second per square mile [(ft /s)/mi ) 0.01093 per~square9kilometer [(in /s)/km ] Specific Combinations 1 acre-ft = 226.3 gal/min, during one day 1 ft3/s = 448.8 gal/min 1 ft /s =0.65 Mgal/d THE FLOODS OF MAY 17-18, 1985 AND OCTOBER 6-7, 1985 IN PUERTO RICO By Ferdinand Quifiones and Karl G. Johnson ABSTRACT Severe floods occurred in Puerto Rico twice in 1985. During May 15-19, 1985, as much as 25 inches of rainfall produced significant floods along north and north-central basins in the island. A nearly stationary tropical depression affected Puerto Rico during October 5-8, 1985, resulting in 24-hour precipitation totals of as much as 23 inches and severe floods along the south-central coastal areas. During the May 17-18, 1985 event, the areas most seriously affected by flooding were along the north coast. These included the lower reaches of the Rio Grande de Manati and the Rio Grande de Arecibo. Significant flooding also occurred at Utuado and Jayuya. The recurrence interval of most of the flood peaks was generally less than 25 years. The floods of October 6-7, 1985, affected mostly rural areas in southern Puerto Rico, but caused significant loss of life and widespread property damages. Landslides near Ponce, the collapse of a bridge at Rio Coamo, and the destruction of homes near Ponce resulted in about 170 fatalities and more than 125 million dollars in damages. Flooding was also severe at Barceloneta on the north coast. Recurrence intervals equal to or greater than 100 years were estimated for peak discharges at several index stations. INTRODUCTION During 1985, severe floods occurred twice throughout Puerto Rico (fig. 1) resulting in significant losses in life and property. The first event occurred during May 15-19, when a low-pressure system resulted in precipitation totals exceeding 14 inches throughout most of south-central and eastern Puerto Rico. A second event was produced by a tropical depression that affected south-central Puerto Rico during October 5-8. Landslides and collapses of several key bridges during the October floods resulted in the death of as many as 170 people. Property losses from both floods were estimated at about 162 million dollars. 10 67° 16* 67°00* 45' 30' 15' 66*00* 46' 65*30' 18°30* 15' Rib Grande die Aftasco ftib Yaguez Pib Guana jib o 18°00' 10 20 KILOMETERS 17°45'- Figure 1. Map of Puerto Rico showing locations mentioned in this report. INTRODUCTION (Continued) The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, collected and analyzed data on the magnitude, frequency and extent of the 1985 floods. The investigations were conducted as part of the ongoing cooperative water resources investigation program in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources, the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board, and the Puerto Rico Highway Authority. Information related to rainfall quantities and intensities throughout the island was provided by Robert Calvesbert, of the National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NWS-NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce. This report summarizes the rainfall and streamflow data collected during the two 1985 flood events. This information should be of value and interest to engineers, developers, planners and government officials. Additionally, it will provide a historical record of data from the floods to supplement several flood atlases now in preparation. THE FLOODS OF MAY 17-18, 1985 Rainfall Severe flooding affected most of the north and north-central parts of Puerto Rico during May 17-18 as a result of intense precipitation that began on May 15 and continued through May 19. The rains were produced by a nearly stationary low-pressure center that moved from the northwest on May 15. During the next five days, almost continuous precipitation of varying intensity was recorded throughout most of the south-central and eastern part of Puerto Rico. Precipitation totals for the 5 days of the storm ranged from 8 to 25 inches (fig. 2). The most intense rainfall occurred over an area extending west of a north-south line at the town of Orocovis toward Mayaguez. A second cell of less intense rainfall affected the Rio Grande de Loiza basin, in the eastern part of the island. The recorded precipitation total for the 5-day period May 15-19 was 25.21 inches at Jayuya. Precipitation totals for the 5-day period at individual stations operated by the NWS-NOAA are summarized in table 1. Flooding and Damages The most significant floods occurred on May 17 and 18. Flooding was severe in the lower reaches of streams in the Rio Grande de Arecibo, the Rio Tanama, the Rio Grande de Manati, the Rio Grande de Jayuya, the Rio Orocovis, the Rio Turabo, the Rio de La Plata, and the Rio Grande de Afiasco basins. Flooding of urban areas was reported at the towns of Arecibo, Utuado, Jayuya, Orocovis, Vega Baja, Dorado, Toa Baja, Barceloneta, Caguas, and Loiza. 67 15' 67 00' _____45'______ 30' 15' 6600' 6545* ^TL^ANTIC OCEAN 18 30' ARECIBO 15' MAYA 00*18 0 10 20 KILOMETERS CARIBBEAN SEA 10 20 MILES Figure 2. Cumulative precipitation (Isohyets In Inches) over Puerto Rico during May 15-19, 1985. THE FLOODS OF MAY 17-18. 1985 (Continued) Flooding and Damages (Continued) The worst flooding occurred at Arecibo and Barceloneta, (fig. 3). The flooding at Arecibo covered slightly less area than during the 1928 record flood (Hickenlooper, 1968). The flood at the town of Barceloneta was lower and inundated a lesser area than the 1970 flood. Undefined conditions appear to have caused backwater effects in several areas in Barceloneta on the Rio Grande de Manati flood plain.
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