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Characterization of Sulfide Minerals from Gabbroic and Ultramafic Rocks by Electron Microscopy1 D.J
Blackman, D.K., Ildefonse, B., John, B.E., Ohara, Y., Miller, D.J., MacLeod, C.J., and the Expedition 304/305 Scientists Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Volume 304/305 Data report: characterization of sulfide minerals from gabbroic and ultramafic rocks by electron microscopy1 D.J. Miller,2 T. Eisenbach,2 and Z.P. Luo3 Chapter contents Abstract Abstract . 1 This objective of this research was to investigate the potential of using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine sul- Introduction . 1 fide mineral speciation in gabbroic rocks from Atlantis Massif, the Geologic background . 2 site of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 304/305. Method development . 2 The method takes advantage of TEM analysis techniques and Results . 2 proved successful in sulfide mineral identification. TEM can pro- Discussion . 3 vide imaging of the sample morphology, crystal structure through Acknowledgments. 4 the electron diffraction, and chemical compositional information References . 4 through X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Electron probe mi- Figures . 5 croanalysis was also used to determine the chemical composition. Table . 11 Introduction Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 304/305 at Atlantis Massif, 30°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (Fig. F1) comprised a coordinated, dual-expedition drilling program aimed at investigating oceanic core complex (OCC) formation and the exposure of ultramafic rocks in young oceanic lithosphere. One of the scientific objectives of this drilling program is to investigate the role of magmatism in the development of OCCs. Whereas precruise submersible and geophysical surveys suggested the po- tential of recovering substantial amounts of serpentinized perido- tite and possibly fresh residual mantle, coring on the central dome of the massif returned a 1.4 km thick section of plutonic mafic rock with only a thin (<150 m) interval of ultramafic or near-ultramafic composition rocks of indeterminate origin. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
16 /75 / 7 ~ -% in +~ In
7-'<16_ /75_ / 7 ~ R.6l3. Wolframite concentration, Scamander Mining Corporation N.L. A chip sample for the determination of the maximum recoverable amount of wolframite was supplied by the Scamander Mining Corporation and stated to be from their Scamander Tier lease. Special consideration was to be given to the production of a high grade wolframite concentrate and the rejection of the coarsest possible tailing. The chip sample was given the registered number 700174. • The chip sample was initially c rushed to -\ in and found to contain 0.82\ W03' The sample consisted mainly of quartz plus some dolerite with minor amounts of an iron oxide mineral. Large slivers of wolframite up to • 5/16 in were present. SAMPLE PREPARATION The -\ in ore was stage crushed to %" in in a laboratory Chipmunk jaw crusher, mixed, then riffled into four identical parts. One part was further riffled to supply samples for a siie analysis and a further head assay. The second part was wet, then dry screened to provide the following fractions for concentration: Size Range Concentrating Operation -% in +~ in 1 -\ in +10. 2 -10* +22. 3 • -22. +52# 4 -52. +100. 5 -100. +200# 6 • - 200. 7 The remaining two identical parts were retained for possible further work. PROCEDURE The sized fractions of the ore were gravity and magnetically concen t trated (Table 1). II Jig Concentration Jig conditions are shown in Table 2. As the jig concentration operat ions were not continuous , each fraction was fed through its respective jig ~ three times. Table Concentration Minimum amounts of water and l ow feed rates were used to obtain quartz free concentrates from each fraction. -
Zirconolite, Chevkinite and Other Rare Earth Minerals from Nepheline Syenites and Peralkaline Granites and Syenites of the Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi
Zirconolite, chevkinite and other rare earth minerals from nepheline syenites and peralkaline granites and syenites of the Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi R. G. PLATT Dept. of Geology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada F. WALL, C. T. WILLIAMS AND A. R. WOOLLEY Dept. of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. Abstract Five rare earth-bearing minerals found in rocks of the Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi, are described. Zirconolite, occurring in nepheline syenite, is unusual in being optically zoned, and microprobe analyses indicate a correlation of this zoning with variations in Si, Ca, Sr, Th, U, Fe, Nb and probably water; it is argued that this zoning is a hydration effect. A second compositional zoning pattern, neither detectable optically nor affected by the hydration, is indicated by variations in Th, Ce and Y such that, although total REE abundances are similar throughout, there appears to have been REE fractionation during zirconolite growth from relatively heavy-REE and Th-enrichment in crystal cores to light-REE enrichment in crystal rims. Chevkinite is an abundant mineral in the large granite quartz syenite complexes of Zomba and Mulanje, and analyses are given of chevkinites from these localities. There is little variation in composition within each complex, and only slight differences between them; they are all typically light-REE-enriched. The Mulanje material was shown by X-ray diffraction to be chevkinite and not the dimorph perrierite, but chemical arguments are used in considering the Zomba material to be the same species. Other rare earth minerals identified are monazite, fluocerite and bastn/isite. -
Moon Minerals a Visual Guide
Moon Minerals a visual guide A.G. Tindle and M. Anand Preliminaries Section 1 Preface Virtual microscope work at the Open University began in 1993 meteorites, Martian meteorites and most recently over 500 virtual and has culminated in the on-line collection of over 1000 microscopes of Apollo samples. samples available via the virtual microscope website (here). Early days were spent using LEGO robots to automate a rotating microscope stage thanks to the efforts of our colleague Peter Whalley (now deceased). This automation speeded up image capture and allowed us to take the thousands of photographs needed to make sizeable (Earth-based) virtual microscope collections. Virtual microscope methods are ideal for bringing rare and often unique samples to a wide audience so we were not surprised when 10 years ago we were approached by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council who asked us to prepare a virtual collection of the 12 Moon rocks they loaned out to schools and universities. This would turn out to be one of many collections built using extra-terrestrial material. The major part of our extra-terrestrial work is web-based and we The authors - Mahesh Anand (left) and Andy Tindle (middle) with colleague have build collections of Europlanet meteorites, UK and Irish Peter Whalley (right). Thank you Peter for your pioneering contribution to the Virtual Microscope project. We could not have produced this book without your earlier efforts. 2 Moon Minerals is our latest output. We see it as a companion volume to Moon Rocks. Members of staff -
Technologic Tests of Turkey-Gordes Zeolite Minerals
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2017, 5, 252-265 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmmce ISSN Online: 2327-4085 ISSN Print: 2327-4077 Technologic Tests of Turkey-Gordes Zeolite Minerals Oyku Bilgin Department of Mining Engineering, Sirnak University, Sirnak, Turkey How to cite this paper: Bilgin, O. (2017) Abstract Technologic Tests of Turkey-Gordes Zeo- lite Minerals. Journal of Minerals and Ma- Natural zeolites are found at many points of the world in the form of miner- terials Characterization and Engineering, 5, als. As for Turkey, quite large volumes of zeolites reserves are available in the 252-265. following regions: Ankara (Nallihan, Beypazari, Polatli etc.), Kütahya-Sa- https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2017.55021 phane, Manisa-Gördes, Manisa-Demirci, Izmir-Urla, Balıkesir-Bigadiç and Received: February 23, 2017 Cappadocia. By means of the works carried out only at the field in Balikesir- Accepted: August 11, 2017 Bigadiç region, one of the detected reserves in Turkey, it was understood that Published: August 14, 2017 an easily workable potential around 500 million ton is available. According to Copyright © 2017 by author and the very limited observations made until today, it is stated that the total re- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. serve in our country may be around 500 billion ton. In these regions, the types This work is licensed under the Creative of clinoptilolite, hoylandit, chabazite, analcime and erionite from the zeolite Commons Attribution International minerals exist. Zeolites are widely used in many sectors such as energy, envi- License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ronment, construction, detergent, chemistry, medicine, mining, agriculture Open Access and livestock. -
4Utpo3so UM-P-88/125
4utpo3So UM-P-88/125 The Incorporation of Transuranic Elements in Titanatc Nuclear Waste Ceramics by Hj. Matzke1, B.W. Seatonberry2, I.L.F. Ray1, H. Thiele1, H. Trisoglio1, C.T. Walker1, and T.J. White3'4'5 1 Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, i Karlsruhe Establishment, ' \ 'I European Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany. 2 Advanced Materials Program, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mail Bag No. 1, Menai, N.S.W., 2234, Australia. 3 National Advanced Materials Analytical Centre, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Australia. Supported by the Australian Natio-al Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Programme. 4 Member, The American Ceramic Society 5 Author to whom correspondence whould oe addressed 2 The incorporation of actinide elements and their rare earth element analogues in titanatc nuclear waste forms are reviewed. New partitioning data are presented for three waste forms contining Purex waste simulant in combination with either NpC^, PuC>2 or An^Oo. The greater proportion of transuranics partition between perovskitc and ztrconoiite, while some americium may enter loveringite. Autoradiography revealed clusters of plutonium atoms which have been interpreted as unrcacted dioxide or scsquioxide. It is concluded that the solid state behavior of transaranic elements in titanate waste forms is poorly understood; certainly inadequate to tailor a ceramic for the incorporation of fast breeder reactor wastes. A number of experiments are proposed that will provide an adequate, data base for the formulation and fabrication of transuranic-bearing jj [i waste forms. ' ' 1 ~> I. -
Fergusonite-(Y) Ynbo4 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Fergusonite-(Y) YNbO4 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Tetragonal; typically metamict. Point Group: 4/m. As prismatic to acicular dipyramidal crystals, to 20 cm; granular, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {111}, poor. Fracture: Subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 5.5–6.5 D(meas.) = 5.6–5.8 D(calc.) = [5.65] Optical Properties: Opaque, transparent on thin edges. Color: Gray, yellow, brown, brownish black when altered; light brown to dark brown in transmitted light. Streak: Brown, yellow-brown, greenish gray. Luster: Dull; vitreous to submetallic on fractures. Optical Class: Isotropic; rarely uniaxial. n = 2.05–2.19 Cell Data: Space Group: I41/a. a = 5.15 c = 10.89 Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Madawaska, Canada; after heating at 1200 ◦C. 3.12 (100), 2.96 (90), 1.901 (50), 2.74 (40), 1.855 (30), 3.01 (20), 2.64 (20) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) WO3 0.15 Ce2O3 7.63 Nb2O5 44.45 54.07 Er2O3 9.81 Ta2O5 6.30 FeO 0.74 UO2 2.58 CaO 0.61 SnO2 0.47 H2O 1.49 Y2O3 24.87 45.93 Total 99.10 100.00 (1) Near Cape Farewell, Greenland. (2) YNbO4. Polymorphism & Series: Dimorphous with fergusonite-beta-(Y); forms a series with formanite-(Y). Occurrence: Typical of rare-earth-bearing granite pegmatites; in placers. Association: Monazite, gadolinite, thalenite, euxenite, allanite, zircon, biotite, magnetite. Distribution: Widespread, but in small amounts. On Qeqertaussaq [Kikertaursuk] Island, Julienh˚ab district, Greenland. In Norway, many localities in the Evje-Iveland district; from Arendal; at Berg, near R˚ade; from Hundholmen; and from near Ris¨or.In Sweden, at Ytterby, on Resar¨oIsland, near Vaxholm, and K˚ararfvet, near Falun. -
Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina by W
.'.' .., Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie RUTILE GUMMITE IN GARNET RUBY CORUNDUM GOLD TORBERNITE GARNET IN MICA ANATASE RUTILE AJTUNITE AND TORBERNITE THULITE AND PYRITE MONAZITE EMERALD CUPRITE SMOKY QUARTZ ZIRCON TORBERNITE ~/ UBRAR'l USE ONLV ,~O NOT REMOVE. fROM LIBRARY N. C. GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY Information Circular 24 Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie Raleigh 1978 Second Printing 1980. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained from: North CarOlina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Geological Survey Section P. O. Box 27687 ~ Raleigh. N. C. 27611 1823 --~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SECTION The Geological Survey Section shall, by law"...make such exami nation, survey, and mapping of the geology, mineralogy, and topo graphy of the state, including their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary." In carrying out its duties under this law, the section promotes the wise conservation and use of mineral resources by industry, commerce, agriculture, and other governmental agencies for the general welfare of the citizens of North Carolina. The Section conducts a number of basic and applied research projects in environmental resource planning, mineral resource explora tion, mineral statistics, and systematic geologic mapping. Services constitute a major portion ofthe Sections's activities and include identi fying rock and mineral samples submitted by the citizens of the state and providing consulting services and specially prepared reports to other agencies that require geological information. The Geological Survey Section publishes results of research in a series of Bulletins, Economic Papers, Information Circulars, Educa tional Series, Geologic Maps, and Special Publications. -
Petyayan-Vara Rare-Earth Carbonatites (Vuoriyarvi Massif, Russia)
geosciences Article Ti-Nb Mineralization of Late Carbonatites and Role of Fluids in Its Formation: Petyayan-Vara Rare-Earth Carbonatites (Vuoriyarvi Massif, Russia) Evgeniy Kozlov 1,* ID , Ekaterina Fomina 1, Mikhail Sidorov 1 and Vladimir Shilovskikh 2 ID 1 Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 14, Fersmana Street, 184209 Apatity, Russia; [email protected] (E.F.); [email protected] (M.S.) 2 Resource center for Geo-Environmental Research and Modeling (GEOMODEL), St. Petersburg State University, 1, Ulyanovskaya Street, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-953-758-7632 Received: 6 July 2018; Accepted: 25 July 2018; Published: 28 July 2018 Abstract: This article is devoted to the geology of titanium-rich varieties of the Petyayan-Vara rare-earth dolomitic carbonatites in Vuoriyarvi, Northwest Russia. Analogues of these varieties are present in many carbonatite complexes. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of high field strength elements during the late stages of carbonatite formation. We conducted a multilateral study of titanium- and niobium-bearing minerals, including a petrographic study, Raman spectroscopy, microprobe determination of chemical composition, and electron backscatter diffraction. Three TiO2-polymorphs (anatase, brookite and rutile) and three pyrochlore group members (hydroxycalcio-, fluorcalcio-, and kenoplumbopyrochlore) were found to coexist in the studied rocks. The formation of these minerals occurred in several stages. First, Nb-poor Ti-oxides were formed in the fluid-permeable zones. The overprinting of this assemblage by residual fluids led to the generation of Nb-rich brookite (the main niobium concentrator in the Petyayan-Vara) and minerals of the pyrochlore group. -
Niobian Rutile and Its Associations at Jolotca, Ditrau Alkaline Intrusive Massif, East Carpathians, Romania
THE PUBLISHING HOUSE GEONOMY OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY Review article NIOBIAN RUTILE AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS AT JOLOTCA, DITRAU ALKALINE INTRUSIVE MASSIF, EAST CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA Paulina HIRTOPANU1, Robert J. FAIRHURST2 and Gyula JAKAB3 1Department of Mineralogy, University of Bucharest, 1, Nicolae Balcescu Blv., 010041 Bucharest, RO; 2Technical Laboratory at Lhoist North America, Inc., 3700 Hulen Street, Forth Worth, Texas 76107, US; 3IG Mineral Gheorgheni, Romania Corresponding author: Paulina HIRTOPANU, E-mail: [email protected] Accepted December 17, 2014 The Nb-rutile at Jolotca, situated in Ditrau alkaline intrusive complex occurs as intergrowths with ilmenite, Mn-ilmenite, Fe-pyrophanite and has ferrocolumbite, manganocolumbite, aeshynite-(Ce), aeshynite-(Nd), fergusonite-(Y), euxenite-(Y) and polycrase-(Y) exsolutions. The textural relations in this association show the replacement of niobian rutile by ilmenite and Mn ilmenite. Niobian rutile is the oldest mineral. Ilmenite and Mn-ilmenite occur as lamellar exsolutions in niobian rutile and as veins, and separately, in grains as solid solution with Fe-pyrophanite. The range of Nb2O5 content in Nb rutile varies generally from 2 to 15% wt. Sometimes, the values of Nb2O5 (up to 37.5% wt) are higher than any previously recorded for rutile from alkaline suites, pegmatites and carbonatites, having a chemical composition similar to that of old name „ilmenorutile”. Because of such a big difference in chemical composition, and the different kind of appearances of the two rutiles, they can be separated into two Nb rutile generations. The first niobian rutile (niobian rutile I) formed on old rutile, has low Nb2O5 (10-15wt%), and oscillatory composition. Its composition is characteristically close to stoichiometric TiO2. -
Distribution and Chemistry of Fracture-Lining Minerals at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
LA-12977-MS UC-814 Issued: December 1995 Distribution and Chemistry of Fracture-Lining Minerals at Yucca Mountain, Nevada Barbara A. Carlos Steve f. Chipera David L. Bish Los Alamos NATIONAL LABORATORY Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. DISTRIBUTION AND CHEMISTRY OF FRACTURE-LINING MINERALS AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN, NEVADA by Barbara A. Carlos, Steve J. Chipera, and David L. Bish ABSTRACT Yucca Mountain, a >1.5-km-thick sequence of tuffs and subordinate lavas in southwest Nevada, is being investigated as a potential high-level nuclear waste repository site. Fracture- lining minerals have been studied because they may provide information on past fluid transport and because they may act as natural barriers to radionuclide migration within the fractures. Cores from seven drill holes have been studied to determine the distribution and chemistry of minerals lining fractures at Yucca Mountain. Fracture-lining minerals in tuffs of the Paintbrush Group, which is above the static water level at Yucca Mountain, are highly variable in distribution, both vertically and laterally across the mountain, with the zeolites mordenite, heulandite, and stellerite widespread in fractures even though the tuff matrix is generally devitrified and nonzeolitic. Where heulandite occurs as both tabular and prismatic crystals in the same fracture, the two morphologies have different compositions, suggesting multiple episodes of zeolite formation within the fractures. Manganese-oxide minerals within the Paintbrush Group are rancieite and lithiophorite. The silica polymorphs (quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite) generally exist in fractures where they exist in the matrix, suggesting that they formed in the fractures at the same time they formed in the matrix.