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Results of Thematic Researches Supporting The NATIONAL ASSEMBLY UNITED NATION STANDING COMMITTEE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Insitute for Legislative Studies Empowered Lives. Resilient Nations. RESULTS OF THEMATIC RESEARCHES SUPPORTING THE AMENDMENT OF THE 1992 CONSTITUTION NATIONAL ASSEMBLY UNITED NATION STANDING DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE PROGRAMME Insitute for Legislative Studies RESULTS OF THEMATIC RESEARCHES SUPPORTING THE AMENDMENT OF THE 1992 CONSTITUTION HaNoi – 2013 EDITOR – IN – CHIEF Dr. Dinh Xuan Thao Dr. Hoang Van Tu EDITORIAL BOARD Ass.Prof., Dr. Vu Hong Anh M.A. Nguyen Mai Phuong M.A. Đo Tien Dung B.A. Pham Thi Tam M.A. Vo Thi Hong Lan B.A. Bui Thi Hoe This guideline is prepared with the technical supports from Project ILS-UNDP “Enhancing Legislative Research and Information & Communications Technology capacities of the National Assembly Institute for Legislative Studies”. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or the UN Member States. PREFACE The Resolution on amending and supplementing 1992 Constitution and establishing Committee for Draft Revised 1992 Constitution was approved in the 1st session of 13th National Assembly. In implementing the assigned tasks, Committee for Draft Revised 1992 Constitution has established the Editorial Board to summarize, research, propose and prepare the Draft Revised Constitution. The first Draft Revised 1992 Constitution was submitted to the National Assembly for discussions and comments in the 4th session of 13th National Assembly at the end of October 2012, and under referendum on January 2, 2013. During the referendum on the Draft Revised 1992 Constitution, there were a large number of issues that drew the attention and recommendations of people from different backgrounds. The outputs of the referendum suggest that there are a number of issues which remain controversial or even opposite to each other. Therefore, as a body majoring in researches to facilitate legislative activities, ILS has conducted a number of thematic researches. With the support of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) through the project “Enhancing legislative research and information and communications technology (ICT) capacities of the National Assembly’s Institute for Legislative Studies”, ILS has selected three (03) themes including (1) Regulations related to two independent institutions (National Electoral Council and Constitutional Protection Body); (2) Improvement of Provisions of Draft Revised 1992 Constitution on Tasks and Powers of the National Assembly and its Standing Committee; (3) Statutes on local government to do researches with an aim to timely develop and provide in-depth legal and practical basis for NA, NA’s agencies and deputies, and especially for member of Editorial Board to finalize the Draft Revised Constitution. After researching, ILS has organized a Workshop on Research Results and Expert Consultation to finalize above-mentioned thematic reports. In an effort to further provide helpful information to NA’s agencies and deputies during the amendment of 1992 Constitution, ILS issues the book entitled “Results of Thematic Researches Supporting the Amendment of the 1992 Constitution”. Due to the limited coverage of the book, we wish not to include all the writings on thematic researches into the book, but the consolidation reports. We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the effective, timely support and cooperation extended by UNDP in conducting the thematic researches and publishing this book. We hope you enjoy the book. March 2013 DR. DINH XUAN THAO DIRECTOR OF INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE STUDIES TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 RESEARCH ON “REGULATIONS RELATED TO TWO INDEPENDENT INSTITUTIONS: NATIONAL ELECTORAL COUNCIL Aban ND CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION BODY” SUPPORTING THE AMENDMENT OF THE 1992 CONSTITUTION A. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 3 B. RESEARCH RESULTS .......................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER I: THE NATIONAL ELECTORAL COUNCIL ...................................... 11 I. FUNDALMENTAL ISSUES ON ELECTORAL BODIES ................................. 11 1. Bases for the formation of national electoral bodies ............................................ 11 2. Legal status and role of the national electoral bodies .......................................... 13 3. Tasks and powers of national electoral bodies ..................................................... 15 II. MODELS OF ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT BODY IN THE WORLD....... 18 1. Three Models of Electoral Management .............................................................. 18 2. Differences of the models of electoral management ............................................ 28 3. Some guiding principles for EMBs ...................................................................... 35 III. THE ELECTORAL COUNCIL IN VIET NAM: CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS ................................................................................................... 41 1. Overview on the electoral bodies in Viet Nam .................................................... 41 2. Current situation in the organization and operation of the Electoral Council ...... 60 3. Orientations and proposals to establish a National Electoral Council ................. 65 CHAPTER II: CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION BODY ..................................... 76 I. THEORY AND PRACTICE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION BODY IN VIET NAM ............................... 76 1. Theory for the establishment of the constitutional protection agency in Viet Nam .. 76 2. Practical bases for the establishment of the professional constitutional protection body in Viet Nam .................................................................................... 90 II. EXPERIENCES IN CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTON BODIES OF SOME COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD .............................................................................. 100 1. Constitutional protection in some countries in the world..................................... 100 2. Some lessons learnt in constitutional protection of countries in the world .......... 108 III. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION BODY MEETHING REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDING THE SOCIALIST STATE RULED BY LAW IN VIET NAM .... 111 1. Overview on recommendations and proposals related to constitutional protection in researches over the pas time................................................................ 111 2. The professional constitutional protection body in Viet Nam – legal status, nature, functions, tasks, powers, establishment, term of office of the constitutional protection body .................................................................................. 113 SECTION 2 RESEARCH REPORT “INNOVATING THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS” A. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 123 B. RESEARCH RESULTS .......................................................................................... 128 CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BASES FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN OUR COUNTRY ........................ 128 1. Concepts of local governments ............................................................................ 128 2. Division of power between central and local governments ................................. 138 3. Viewpoints of the Party on the organization and operation of local government 150 4. Organizational models of local governments of some countries, applicable experience for Vietnam ............................................................................................ 159 CHAPTER II: THE CURRENT SITUATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION IN OUR COUNTRY .................................................................... 165 1. Organization of local governments in our country in different periods since 1946 .......................................................................................................................... 165 2. Current situation of administrative decentralization between central and local governments based on social survey in some fields ................................................. 190 3. The pilot organization of no people’s councils at some urban, rural districts and wards, experience and lessons ........................................................................... 199 CHAPTER III: VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO INNOVATING THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEW DEVELOPMENTS .................................................... 212 1. Viewpoints on innovating the organizational model of local governments ......... 212 2. Solutions for the innovation of local government organization and operation .... 218 3. Recommendations for amending the 1992 Constitution chapter on “the people’s councils and people’s committees”............................................................ 222 SECTION 3 RESEARCH REPORT “FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF PROVISIONS OF THE DRAFT REVISED 1992 CONSTITUTION ON TASKS AND POWERS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND ITS STANDING COMMITTEE” A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 231 B. RESEARCH RESULTS .......................................................................................... 234 CHAPTER I: ISSUES IN AMENDMENT
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