PEKI 5L December 2,, lYlS

It Establishment of Sino-tJ.S. 4 Diplomatic Relations Hailed Soviet ond Vietnomese A Hegemonists' True Colours l -{k Steel Output Tops 30 Miilion Ions PEKING Vol. 21, No. 51 December 22, 1978 REVIEW Published in English, French, Spanish, Japanese, German, Arabic and r[ 4 [^.tL Portuguese editions BEIJING ZHOUBAO CONTENTS THE WEEK Estoblishment ol Sino-Americon Diplomotic Retotions Hoiled Novel on Peng Teh-huol Accloimed Anew ln Memory of Too Chu Festivol of the Kwongsi Chuong Autonomous Region "Peking Review" to Use Chinese Phonetics ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS Estoblishment of Diplomotic Relotions Betueen P.R.C. ond U,S.A. 8 Stotement of the Chinese Govemment 8 .'tn Pekirig: Choirmon Hrio Gives Press Conference 9 ln Woshington: President Corter Mokes on Announcement 11 U.S. Government's Stotement '12 Chinese Foreign Ministry's Note: Strong protest oEoinst Vietnomese outhorities' encroochments on. Chinese territory ond creotion of bloody incidents l3 Stotement by Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesmon-Supporting Kompucheo's lust stond ond condemning Vietnomese outhorities' oggression ond sub- ve rs ion 15 Soyiet ond Vietnomese Hegemonists' True Colours - Ftenmilt Riboo Editoriol 16 Corgo Ship ond "Refugees"-Vietnomese outhorities export "refugees" in o plonned woy 18 Steel Output Tops 30 Million Tons 20 Revolutionory Memoir: A Glory to His People-lrL memory of the lote Choirmon Chu Teh of the N.P.C, Stonding Committee-Hsioo Ke 23 Szechuon Todoy (lV): Mountoin City Chungking Our Correspondent Chou Chin - 32 ROUND THE WORTD 36 Three ASEAN Countlies: Wory of Honoi's Aggression lron: Behind th6 Turmoil South Africo: Rigged Election in Nomibio CUTTURE AND SCIENCE 38 Voluoble Relics Exh,ibited Electing Deportment Directors ON THE HOME FRONT Mioo Notionolity Festivol Rich Deposits of Bituminous Shole

Publlshed every Fridoy by PEKING RB/IEW, Peking (34, Chino Post Office R€gistrotion No, 2-92. Printed in the Peoplis Republic of Chino Nrrrrrsrrrrrrrrrrrrrxrrrrrrsx TH E WE E K Establishment Sino-American peace-loving people the world of over." Diplomatic Relations Hailed A Long-Cherished Desire fl OOD news! Good news!" the editorial continued, com- Wang Ping-nan, President of U/ This was how the people patriots: in Taiwan will surely the Chinese Peoplels Associa- in Peking greeted the estabiish- make greater efforts to bring tion for Friendship With For- ment of diplomatic relations about the reunification of the eign Countries and ,former between China and the United motherland. All patriots belong Chinese representative to the States when they heard the to one family whether they ambassadorial talks between news announced by Premier come forward early or late. the Chinese and U.S. Govern- ments, Hua Kuo-feng at ten o'clock on There is quite a number of said: "Talks began in the morning of December 16 at patriots among the military and Geneva on August 1, 1955 be- a televised press conference in administrative personnel in tween the two governments at the Great Hall of the People. Taiwan who will surely do the ambassadorial level. I had Extras were brought out by their bit to effect the return of thd honour to be entrusted by Renmbt Ribao immediately Taiwan to the embrace of the the Party and government to after the anhouncement, and motherland. It is hoped that represent the Chinese side in the news soon became the talk the Taiwan authorities will the negotiations. Thd Chinese of the town across the land. make a clear assessment of the Government was sincere, but situation, follow the trend of as no agreement could be reach- question ..' Hailing the event, Renmin' our time and not go against ed on the essential question Eiboo published oh December the common aspirations of the thq of Taiwan, the talks 17 an editorial entitled "A entire Chinese people. We dragged on for nearly nine years Historic Event." The announce- firmly believe that the day will and more than 100 ses- ment of the establishment of come when Taiwan will return sions were held. For this, diplomatic relations between to the embrace of the mother- world opinion called them. China and the United States, larid and Taiwan compatriots 'marathon' talks. Nevertheless, Premier Chou En-lai said at the the editorial noted, has ended will reunite with their kith and the long abnormal state in kin. time that through these con- Sino-American relations and tacts the two sides had come to Well-known personages of all understand opened a new chapter in the. each other's views, circles in the capital have made which were useful, that relations between the two coun- .and statements welcoming the estab- two countries like China tries. It will open up broad big lishment of diplomatic rela- and the United States could vistas for furthering the good tions between China and the not do without such an unof- relationship . between. two the United States and supporting ficial channel for contact with' countries and friendly ex- the Chinese Government's state- each other. When the talks were changes between the two peo- ment with- regard to this event. moved to Warsaw in 1958, ples. The normalization of rela- (For full text of the govern- Chairman Mao told me to make tions between them is of tre- ment statement see . piage g:) it clear to the U.S. r'epresenta- mendous significance to the Soong Ching Ling, Vice-Chair- tive that the United States is maintenance of peace and sta- man of the Standing Commit- a big country and China is not bility in the Asia-Pacific region tee of the National P.eople,s small either. He asked me to and in the world as. a whole. Congress, said: "The establish- persuade the U.S. Government ment of Sino-American diplo- not to stand in opposition to the . After the establishment of matic relations is' the surest Chinese people merely because diplomatic relations between guarantee for world peace and of the question of Taiwan. He China and the United States, is therefore welcomed by all also instructed me to uphold

Decem,ber 22, 7978 principle and pay attention to People's Political Consultative tinued, he told us that it is the the method in which our views Conference and various demo- hope of the American people to were presented so as not to hurt cratic parties and patriotic per- be on good terms \Mith the the feelings of the American sonages called on their old Chinese people and to see the people. Chairman Mao added colleagues, friends and acquain- early normalization of relations that the question of Taiwan tances in Taiwan to make con- betWeen the two countries. would have to be resolved so"me tributions to the great cause of The American people and day and that we could wait for reunifying the motherland. the Chinese people, including ten, twenty or even a hundred With deep emotion, Sung IIsi- those in Taiwan, have been years, but an early solution lien, Cheng Tung-kuo apd looking forward to the would be more in the interest of Huang Wei. stated: Owing to early establishment of diplo- both countries than a late one." historical reasons, China and matic relations between the two Wang Ping-nan went on to the United States had been at countries. "I have not met or say: "There was a major war and had been in opposition seen my colleagues and friends breakthrough in the long am- with each other for 30 years. in Taiwan's military and ad- bassadorial talks in 19?1. This Now following the general ministrative cireles for 30 years. led to the visit to China by Dr. trend and the people's wish, I'm anxious to meet thern again Kissinger and later by Presi- they have normalized their re- and chat with them on every- dent Nixon. Leaders of the two day happenings rather than countries Iations. This should serve as a held summit talks politics. I hope that the Taipei which great lesson for the Kuomin- resulted in the Shanghai authoritie.s: will'understand the Communique. After another tang administrative and mili- tary personnel in Taiwan. feelings of _us old folks and six years of contacts and provide us with access to our efforts, relations between Liu Fei and Li Chun-lung, reunion." the two countries have now former delegate and adviser younger been normalized. The long- respectively of thq Nanking Chang Hsueh-ming, cherished wish of the people of government delegation to the brother of Marshal Chang both countries has Hsueh-liang, Yang Cheng- come true." Communist Party-Kuomintang and min, General Yang Hu-cheng's Huang . Chen, Minister of peace talk.s in 1949, said: "'W'e son, also at the meetings. Culture' and former Chief of came to Peking at that time to spoke the Liairson Office of the Peo- conduct peace talks on behalf ple's On the afternoon of Decem- Republic of China in of the Kuomintang. Now if we ber 16, many compatriots of Washington, said: "There exists could obtain the consent of the Taiwan Province origin met in a traditional friendship be- Taipei authorities, we would the auditorium of the C.P.P.C.C. tween the Chinese and Ameri- like to go to Taiwan to meet to exchange greetings on this can peoples. people The Chinese and exchange views' with our historic event. have friendly feelings for the old friends including Mr. American people. During my Chiang Ching-kuo:" Promoting Friendship Between stay in'the United States, I was The Two PeoPles impressed by the same friendly Tu Yu-ming said: "As we sentiments on the part of the now celebrate the establish- Warmly greeting the normal- American people for the Chi- ment of diplomatic relations be- ization of Sino-American re- nese people. Both peoples have tween China and the United lations, Chou Pei-yuan, Vice- hoped that the relations be- States, we aJl the more cherish President of the Chinese tween their countries will be the memory of Chairman Mao Academy of Sciences, noted .normalized at an early date. and Premier Chou who laid the mathematician Hua Lo-keng This day has come at last." foundation for it and express and other scholars, and writers our ardent love for the Party and athletes all pledged to Contributing to Reunifying the Central Committee headed by join efforts with the American Motherland Chairman Hua." W?ren my people in further consolidating Speaking at separate meet- son-in-law Yang Chen-ning and developing the frienCship ings, members of the Chinese visited us here in 1971, Tu con- between the two peoples and

4 Peki.ng Reuieu:, No. 5I relations between the two Liberation. Peng Teh-huai was ln tlemory ol lao Chu eountries. at that time commander on the northwestern front. After Renrnin Ri.bao on Decem- 'r Ifuving listened to the broad- published liberation in 1949, he became ber 10 an article east of the Joint Communique Vice-Premier, National Defence by Tao Chu's only daughter and the Chinese Government's Minister and Member of the Tao Ssu-liang in memorY of statement, representatives now nine Political Bureau of the C.P.C. her father who died dttending the national cdn- Central Committee. yedrs ago. Teo Chu was ference of outstandin| workers formerly Member of the Stand- on the metallurgical front voic- An editor's note accompanying ing Committee of the Political ed their full support. Ku Ssu- the article in. Jiefangjun Bao Bureau of, the Party Central ' hsiang who is in charge of the said: Defence of Yenan, which Committee and Vice-Premier of No. 4 blast furnace in the extols Chairman Mao's concept the State Council. of people's war and portrays Shoutu Iron and Steel Com- Entitled "To MY Father Tao pany declared that the normali- the images of. Comrade Peng Chu, a Letter Mailed at Ircng zation of relations between Teh-huai and other senior army Last," the article recalls how in China and the United States commanders of itre P.L.A., is an January 1967 Chiang Ching, was the wish of Chairman Mao excellent work and has been Chen Po-ta and others instigat- and Premier Chou and i:s a widely acclaimed by the readers. ed the masses to attack and major event the Chinese and However, the note continued, at overthrow Tao Chu. Tao Ssu- American peoples have long the bidding of Lin Piao, Chiang liang said someone had quietlY been looking forward to. Ching and others, Ji:efangjun told her that Tao Chu had been Bao qiticized the novel in 1967 Members of the China-Japa.n denounced by Chiang Ching and as big poisonous weed that Friendship Peopleh Commune "a others as "China's biggest royal- gives a meritoriow account of described the establishment of istl'simpl{ because at a meeting Peng Teh-huai." The book was Sino-American diplomatic rela- of the Party Central Committee thus banned and itS author Tu tions as another major event of he rejected th-eir request to take great joy Peng

December 22, 1978 5" with cancer, he was sent to an excellent reader for the five national minority auton- Anhwei Province and forbidden young. omous regions at the provin- to have any contact with his cial level. Among the minoritY family, while his wife was sent peoples China, the Chuang FestiYat of lhe llwangsi in to the countryside in Kwang- nationality has the biggest tung Province. He died in An- Chuang lutonomous population, and 90 per eent of hwei six weeks after his arrival. [egion them live in Kwangsi. There 32 million people in the Though politically are wronged, On December 11, people of repion, 11 million of them are Tao Chu was optimistic to the various nationalities, 200,000 in Chuangs, the rest being Hans, end of his life. While going all, held a rally and parade in Miaos and seven other over Yaos, the things he had left the iapital city of Nanning to minoritSr nationalities. Since behind,. his daughter found a celebrate the 20th anniversarY of the autonomous note the founding in his own handwriting of the establishment of the Kwangsi's economY and which region, reads: "Facts are facts, Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous culture have made rapid head- things be cleared the will up in Region. Formations of ground, way. end." naval and air forces and militia The Kwangsi Chuang Auton- Proud of her father's in- men and women marched in full battle kit at the head of the omous Region was established tegrity, his daughter says in.the To commem- procession to the applause and on March 5, 1958. article: "He was both warm- which cheers from the masses. orate the Pose Uprising hearted and firm, with the zest took place on December 11, for living and fearless of the Wei Kuo-ching, Head of the 1929, tJle festival is changed as sacrifices he has to make. He Central Delegation and Member of this jear to December 11. was- an ordinary man with of the Political Bureau of the Forty-nilie yeans ago when the flesh and blood and was happy C.P.C. Central Committee who Chinese revolution faced great or angry, sad or joyous like made a special trip to Nanning difficulties, the Communist everybody else. He, too, had from Peking, ad-dressed the Party of China set uP 15 base shortcomings and made mis- rally. He called on the peo- areas for armed struggle against takes, but above all he had firm ple in Kwangsi to put the Kuomintang. Kwangsi's belief in communism and the the emphasis of their work Yuchiang area was one of them. will to serve the people with on socialist modernization. Comrade Teng Hsiao-Ping led all his heart." Kwangsi, he said, is.the south- the Pose Uprising and establish- gateway mstherland, In September 1967 Yao Wen- ern of the ed the Yuchiang \illorker- important yuan, one of the "gang of four," occupying a very Peasant Democratic Govern- vvrote and published the article strategic position. Viet Nam ment. A year later; Part of the "Comments on Tao Chu's Two has now become the "Cuba of insurgent'trooPs withdrew Books" in which he resorted to Asia" and, instigated and abet- northwards to Kiangsi Province sophistry and quoted out of ted by Soviet social-imperialism, to join forces with the trooPs authorities, context to accuse Tao Chu of the Vietnamese re- Ied by Mao Tsetung and Chu kindness ingrati- spreading bourgeois counter- turning with Teh. Thsse who remained there tude, the mass ex- guer- revolutionary ideals and glori. have caused persisted in carrying out pulsion of Chinese residents in nationwide fying the spiritual life of a rilla warfare until continuously renegade. One of these two Viet Nam and liberation in 1949. created incidents. We books then under attack, ldeals, border must heighten our vigilance and IN THE NEVS Integrity and Spd.rituat Li.f e, strengthen preparedness was recently reprinted by the our o Chairman llua on December against war so as to be ready China Youth Publishing House. 11 met with Paul Niculescu, times to wipe out all Most of the articles in it are at all Member of the Executive Polit- enemy intruders, Wei Kuo-ching speeches by Tao Chu to college ical Committee of the Central cieclared. students, cadres working in the Committee of the Romanian Communist Youth League and The Kwangsi Chuang Auton- Communist Party and DeputY young people in general. It is omous Region is one of China's Prime Minister of the Govern-

6 Peking Reoiew, No. 51 ing to the international com: munist movement. Phonetics "Peking teuiew" to Use Chinese o "China's forbearance has its Peking Reuieut has decided to Romanized spelling of Chinese limit.. The Vietnamese authori- use, as of January 1, 1979, the geographical names. tids are deluding themselves by thihking that we are weak and Chinese phonetic alphabet to According to the new way of can be bullied." Vice-Premier Li Romanize Chinese . names " of spelling, in foreign languages I{sien-nien said this on Decem- persons and places. This is an the Chinese geographical names ber when with implementation of a recent deci- will be spelt out in the Roman .13 he met former Thai Foreign Minister sion by the State .Council of alphabet according to Chinese General Chatichai Cho. the,People's Republic of China phonetics, while the common Major onhavan. The Vice-Premier was use Chinese phonetic name part -such as province; to the commenting on municipality, autonomous re- the Vietnamese alphabet to standardize the authorities' constant harassment gion, river and lake, will be Romanization of Chinese names of China's frontier, shooting at translated according to mean- of persons and places. Chinese fishermen, plundering ing. For example: "Kiangsu The State Council's decision of fishing boats and provocation Province" will become "Jiangsu stipulates that the alphabetiza- Province." of incidents. tion of Chinese names of persons r same Vice- The spelling of the name of On the day and plaees according pho- Premier met with the to the country will not change. Li netics Steering Committee Delega- applies to all languages "China" will remain "China" in using the Roman alphabet, in- English. But, China's capital tion of the U.S.-Chinese People's Friendship Association. Vice- cluding English, French, Ger- 'tPeking" will be spelt "Beijing." man, Spanish and Esperanto. Premier Li said that it would be The names of Chinese percons marvellous if the Chinese and phonetic Use of the Chinese will be spelt according to the American people joined hands in alphabet will replace the various Chinese phonetie alphabet with promoting their friendship and old spelling systems including the surname and name as unity. He praised the associa- the Wade system and will end separate words and where the tion's work and said that it is the confusion that has existed name is made up of two syl- glorious, for which the Chinese written as one for a long time in Romanizing lables, it will be dnd American people should be word with no hyphen in.be- Chinese names and places. thankful. U.S.C.P.F.A., which tween. Ttre late Chairman Mao was 1971, es- The third session of the Unit- set up in officially" Tsetung's name will be spelt tablished its national organiza- ed Nations conference on the Zedong"; the late Premier "Mao tion in 1974. standardization of geographical Chou En-lai;s name will be o Vice-Premier Li on Decem- nam6 held in Athens in August spelt "Zhou Enlai"; and the late met Willard C: 1977 adopted the Chinese delega- Chairman of the Standing Com- ber 14 with Butcher, President of the Chase tion's proposal of using the mittee of 'the National People's Manhattan Bank. He spoke in Chinese phonetic alphabet as the Congress Chu Teh will be "Zhu favour increasing bank ser- stan-dard international way of De." of vice contacts and commercial and trade exchanges between China and the United States. ment of Romania. They ex- Central Committee, on. Deeem- "'We can co-operate with changed views on. further ber 12,met with a delegation of the United States in rnany strengthening the relations of the Central Committee of the fields on condition that our in- mutual assistance and co-opera- Communist League of West dependence and sovereignty are tion between the two Parties and Germany led by Hans-Gerhart no.t jeopardized," Vice-Premier two countries and on interna- Schmierer, Secretary of the Li said. President Butcher ex- tional issues of common concern. League's Central Committee. pressed willingness to make o Keng Piao, Member of the They exchanged views on some useful contributions to China's Political Bureau of the C.P.C. issues of common interest relat- four modernizations.

December 22, 1978 Establishment of Diplomatic Relations

Between P.R.C. and [J.S.A. ,

HE People's Republic of. China and the The People's Republic of China and the United States of America have decided to United States of America reaffirm the principles establish diplomatic relations as of January agreed on by the two sides in the Shanghai 1, 1979. It was agreed upon through consulta- Communique and emphasize once again that: tions between the two sides that the joint Both wish to reduce the danger of in- communique on the establishment of diplomatic - ternational military conflict. relations was made known in advance on the ' Neither should seek hegemony in the morning of December 16. The full text of the - Asia-Pacific region or in any other region reads as follows: communique of the world and each is opposed to . efforts by any other cbuntry or group of Joint Communique on the Estoblishment of countries to establish such hegemony. Diplomotic Relotions Between the - Neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf People's Republic of Chino ond the of any third party or to enter into agree- United Stotes of Americo ments or understandings, with the other directed at other states, Jonuory 1, 1979 - The Government of the United States of The People's Republic of China and the America aci

8 Peking Reuieus, No. 5I way of bringing Taiwan back to the embrace Couneil'of the People's Republic of Chinai will of the motherland and reunifying the country, pay an official visit to the United States in it is entirely China's internal affair. January 1979, with a view to further protnoting- At ,the invitation of the U.S. Government, the friendship between the two peoples an-d Teng'Hsiao-ping, Vice-Premier of the State good t'elations between the two countries. ln Peking Chairman Hua Gives Press Conference tr{UA Kuo-feng, Chairman of the rr Central Committee 'of the Com- munist Party of China and Premier of the State Council, gave a press con- ference in Peking's Great Hall of the People on the morning of December 16 in connection with the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the U4ited States of America. Chairman Hua started the press conference by reading out the joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. and the statement. of the Government of the People's Re- public of China. He then answered questions from trewsmen. Chairman Hua at press conference. Question: Chairman Hua, will you please speak about.the significance of the normalization of Sino-U.S. relations? Carter, Dr. Brzezinski and Secretary of State Vance have all made valuable contributions.to Answer: The normalization of Sino.U.S. the eventual normalization of our relations. relations has long been a wish of the Chinese and American peoples. Our great leader the late The establishment of diplopatic relations Chairman Meo Tsetung and our esteemed between China and the United States is a Premier Chou En-lai paved the way for opening historie event. It opens up broad vistas for Sino-U.S. relations. During. the visit of Presi- enhancing understanding and friendship dent Nixon and Dr. Kissinger to China in.1972, between the two peoples and promoting bilateral the Chinese and U.S. sides issued the Shanghai exchanges in all fields. It will also contribute to Communique, which started the process of peace and stability in Asia and the world as peoples are normalizing Sino-U.S. relations. Thanks to the a whole. The Chinese and American happy about and believe the people all over joint efforts of the leaders, governments and it I the world happy the news too. peoples of the two countries in the past few will be at years, Sino-U.S. relations have now been Q: Chairman Hua, my question is: What normalized. Former U.S. President Ford, many policy will the Chinese Covernment adopt of the senators and congressmen and other towards Taiwan in the new circumstances when friends from all walks of life have all played relations between China and the United States their part towards this end. Now, President have been normalizeid?

December 22, 7978 A: Taiwan is part q:[ China,s sacred territory paragraph. There will only be unofficial rela- and. the people in Taiwan are our kith and kin. tions. It is the common aspiration of all the Chinese people including our compatfiots in Talwan to Q: Will the United States b" p""iiiitt"d'to, accomplish the great cause of reunifying the continue providing Taiwan with access to mili- country with Taiwan returning to the embrace tary equipment for defensive purposes? of the motherland. It has leen our consistent Paragraph joi4t policy that all patriots belong to one big family A: two of the communique which I announced just now says: whether they come forward early or late. We "Ttre United hope that our compatriots in Taiwan will join States of America recognizes the'Government of the People's Republic all the other Chinese people inctuding our com- of China as the sole legal Government of patriots in Hongkong and Macao and overseas China. Within this context, the people Chinese in making:further contributions to the of ther United States will maintaih cause of reunifying China. cultural, commercial, and other unofficial rela- tions with the peopl6 of Taiwan." In our dis- Q: Can you say that after normalization cussions on the question of the commercial China would object to a visit to Taiwan by an relations, the two sides had differing. views. American official? During the negotiations the U.S. side mentioned that after normalization it would continue to A: Ttle relations between China and the sell limited amount of arnrs to Taiwan for United States have been normalized after the defensive purposes. We made it clear that we joint efforts of both sides which have reached absolutely would not agree to this. In all dis- an agreement and have now issued .the joint cussions repeatedly made eommunique. And the answer to your question the Chinese side clear is clearly stated in the joint communique which its position on this question. We held that after I quote: "The United States of America recog- the normalization continued sales of arms to nizes the Goverhment of the Feople's Republic Taiwan by the United States would not conform of China as the sole legal Government of China. to the principles of the normalization, would be Within this'context, the people of the United detrimental to the peaceful liberation of Taiwan States will maintain cultural, commercial, and and would exercise an unfavourable influence other unofficial relations with the people of on the peace ahd stability of the Asia-Pacific Taiwan." So the answer is very clear in this region. So our two sides had differences on this

10 Peki,ng Retsieut, No. 51 point... Nevertheless, we reached an agreement Here I would like to make an additional on t_he joint communique. explanation. China has now normalized rela- tions with' the United States and Japan and Q; Mr. Chairman, may I ask you please signed a treaty of peace and friendship with 'This about the possibility of a worsening of relations Japan. is beneficial to the development of with Ruqsia as a result of what you have relations between countries in the Asia-Pacific announced today, since the Russians may be region and to the peace and stability of the joining very suspicious of your more closely with Asiq-Pacific region and the world as a whole. the Americans. Do you feel that it may lead Undoubtedly, of course, it is also favourable to the struggle of all peoples against hegemonism. A: We think that the normalization of We have mentioned our opposition to hegemon- ism in our joint communique. We oppose both relations between China and the United States big hegemony and small hegemony, both global and the signing of the Treaty of Peace and hegemony and regional hegemony. ThiS will Friendship Between China and Japan are con- be conducive to the peace of the whole world. ducive to peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole. Does this Q: I would like to ask you if there were mean the forrnation of an axis or alliance of any Chinese compatriots from Taiwan involved China, Japan and the United States? 'We say at any stage in the discussions towards normali- that it is neither an alliance nor an axis. China zation ? and the United States have now normalized ' A: No. their relations and the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union have also Huang Hua, Chinese Foreign Minister, and been normalized. Therefore it is out of the Chang Wen-chin, Vice-Foreign Minister, attend- question that the normalization bf relations is ed the press conference. More than 100 Chinese directed at any country. and foreign correspondents were present. ln Washington President Carter Makes an Announcement

[)RESIDENT Jimmy Carter announced the In his. announcement, which was made I establishment of diplomatic relations be- over all channels of the three major television tween the United States of America and the networks in the United States, President Carter People's Republi'e of China, effective January read the joint Sino-American cbmmunique and 1, 1979. The announeement was televised to added: "To strengthen and to expedite the the nation at 21:00 hours, December 15 (10:00, benefits of this new relationship between December 16, Peking time). the People's Republic of China and the United Stqtes, pleased announce The President described the agreement on I am to Vice-Premier my establishing diplomatic relations as a that Teng has accepted "historic invitation agreemeht." He declared: "We do not under- to visit Washington at the end of give governments take this important step for transient tactical January. His visit wi'll our the opportunity or expedient reasons. In recognizing that the to consult with each other on global issues and to begin working together to Goverirment of the People's Republic [of China] enhance the cause of peace." is the single Governmenf of China, we are rec- world ognizing simple reality. But far more is in- IIe declared: "As a nation of gifted people volved in this decision than a recognition of who comprise one-fourth of the population of reality." the earth, China plays an importa", -r..:: December 22, 7978 11 grow world affairs - a role that can only more States and China. Full text of the statement is important in the years ahead." as follows:

The U.S.. President said: "Be,fore the As of January 1, 1979, the United States of estrangement of re-cent decades, the American America recognizes the People's Republic of and Chinese people had q long history of China as the sole legal Government of China. frienhship. We have already begun to rebuild On the same date, the People's Republic of some of those previous ties. Now, our rapidly China adcords similar recognition to the United expanding relationship requires the kind of States of America. The United States thereby structures that diplomatic relations will make establishes diplomatic relations with the Peo- possible. ple's Republic of China. "The change I am announcing tonight will On that same date, January 1, 19?9, the be of lpng-term benefit to the peoples of both United States of America will notify Taiwan the United States and China - and, I believe, that it is terminating diplomatie relations and to all the peoples of the world' that the mutual defence treaty between the United States and Republic is "Normalization and the expanded com- the of China - being provi- mercial and cultural relations it will bring with terminated in accordance with the it --- will contribute to the well-being of our sioris of the treaty. The United States also states own nation, and will eniiance stability in Asia. that it wiII be withdrawing its remaining military personnel Taiwan within four '"Thes-e from . more positive relations with China months. can benefieially affect the world in which we In the future, American people and the and our children will live," Carter declared. the people of Taiwan will maintain.commercial, He pointed out that the events "are the cultural, and other relations without official result of long and serious negotiations begun government representaiion and without diplo- by President Nixon in 1972, and continued by matic relations. President Ford. The results bear witness to the steady, determined bipartisan effort of our The administration will seek adjustrnents own country to build a world in which peace to our laws and regulations to permit the will be the goal and the responsibility of all maintenance of commercial, cultural, and countries." other non-governmental relationships in the new circumstances that will exist after nor- "The normalization of relations between malization. the United States and China has no other pur- pose than this - the advancement of peace," The United States is confident that the he added. people of Taiwan face a peaceful and prosper- ous 'States continues to President Carter stated in his speech that future. The United the Ainerican people "will maintain our cur- have.an interest in the peaceful resolution of rent commercial, cultural and other relations the Taiwan issue and expects that the Taiwan with Taiwan through non-governmental issue will be settled peacefully by the Chinese means." themselves.

The United States believes that the estab- U.S. Government Statement Iishment of diplomatic relations with the Peo- ple's Republie will contribute to the welfare of HE U.S. Government on December 15 the American people, to the stability of Asia T (Washington time) issued a statement on where the United States has major security and the mutual recognition and the establishment economic interest, and to the peace of the of diplomatic relitions between the United entire world.

12 Peking Reuieu,IVo. 51 Chinese Foreign Ministry's Note

* Strong protest ogoinst Vietnomese 'outhorities' en- croochments on Chinese territory ond creation of bloody iricidents

Illllllllllllllllilllltl!lllltll|illllltililnilriltlrilnllr!tilrrIil!rrt!lt!llllttIltllll!MIIIlllIII n HUNG Hsi-tung, Vice-Minister of Foreign Vietnamese ship made a sudden attack by \r Affairs of China, summoned Tran Trung, violently shooting at the two Chinese trawlers Charge d'Affaires ad interim of the Vietna- with light machineguns and sub-machineguns. mese Embassy, to the Foreign Ministry on The Chinese trawlers were forced to stop their December 13 and handed him a note to the work and sail back to a Chinese fishing port. Embassy dated December 13. The note lodges However, the armed Vietnamese ship continued a strong protest against the Vietnamese authori- to tail shoot at them for half an hour. Ttre ties' incessant encroachments upon Chinese Chinese trawlers did not shoot back at all. The territory and creation of new, grave incidents body of Turryh.sing 5I0I got hit at 161 places. of bloodshed by wilfully killing or wounding Its Deputy Captain Huang Szu-ching was shot Chinese civilians in the Peipu Gulf and along in the upper abdomen and died on the spot, the China-Viet,Nam border. and Captain Ho Tsung*han was seriously wounded. The body of. Tunghsing 5102 got hit The note says: on "Around eight o'clock places, Wu Huan- morning at 25 and its Deputy Captain the of December 9, 19?8, two yeh was also seriously wounded. Chinese trawlers (Tunghsing 5101 and 5I0?) of the Shawan Fishery Production Brigade, "At ?:00 a.m. of the same daY, Chinese Chiangshan People's Commune, Tunghsing fishing boat Chinchou No.1236 belonging to the County, Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region, Tungtsun Production Brigade, Lungmen Peo- were surrounded by five Vietnamese ships, ple's Commune, Chinchou County, Kwangsi when they were out at sea fishing near Paisuyen Chuang Autonomous Region, was encircled and Island, Tunghsing County, Kwangsi Chua,ng shot at by four armed Vietnamese vessels when Autonomous Region, China. At 8:40 an armed it was fishing in the sea area at 21"22'N 108'26'E. More than 30 armed Vietnamese personnel forcibly got on board the Chinese fishing boat, roped up Chinese fishermen and carried away lubricating grease, fishing line, thermos flasks, sandals and 30 other different articles. "On November 14, bridegroom Wu Chih- hsiung, Miao nationality commune member of Shangchieh Production Brigade of Paiho Peo- ple's Commune, Napo County, Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region, China, and his bride Huang Ya-yin, following the traditional custom' of the local Miao inhabitants and the normal regulations on contacts between border inhabi- tants of the two countries, went to visit Huang Ya-yin's parents at Na Luong Hamlet, Coc Ba Village, Bao Lac District, Cao Lang Province, Deputy captain Wu Huan-yeh seriously wounded. Viet lrlam, after their marriage, accompanied by

December 22, 7978 I3 their relatives Wu Lao-san and others, holding side of the Sino-Vietnamese boundary. The legal exit certificates for border inhabitants. Vietnamese authorities have become intolerably At mid-night the next day, a group of armed unscrupulous in their armed provocations. The Vietnamese personnel suddenly surrounded Chinese people are most indignant at the Viet- Huang's house and fired at the unarmed namese authorities' incessant acts of encroach- Wu ment upon and wilful killing Chinese border inhabitants Wq Chih-hsiung, ",Chinese territory Lao-san and others. 'Wu Lao-san was killed on and wounding of Chinese civilians. The Chinese the spot. Government hereby lodges a strong protest with the Vietnamese'Government and demands that 19, three armed Vietnamesg "On November the latter guarantee against the recurrence of intruded into Jeshui- crossing the border river, similar incidents in future." tang Area of the Pinganchai Production Brigade, Shihlitsun People's Commune, Chinping County, The note says in conclusion: "Ttre Chinese Yunnan Province, to a depth of over 200 Government once again solemnly points but that metres inside Chinese territory, and they made since last October the Vietnamese authorities deliberate provocations, pursuing and firing at have again and again sent armed force into two Chinese commune members at work there, Chinese territory or sr the Peipu Gulf to fire gravely endangering the lives of Chinese at Chinese, resulting in a number of incidents citizens. of bloodshed. For this the Chinese side llds repeatedly lodged protests with the Vietnamese "At 1:40 p.m. December 9, several armed authorities and issued warni,ngs to them, but passing border Vietnamese militiamen, No. 99 they have tur,ned a deaf ear to all these. marker of the western sector of tbe Sino- Obviously, the new escalation of the Vietnamese Vietnamese boundary, intruded into Liting authorities' anti-China . activities is inherently Production Brigade, Lupgpang People's Com- connected with their current massive aggression mune, Chinghsi County, Kwangsi Chuang a€iainst Kampuchea. Ttre Vietnamese Govern- Autonomous Region, to a depth of over 700 ment should understand that there is a limit metres inside Chinqse territory, ehgaging in to China's forbearance and restrairit towards reconnaissance and sabotage.'l its armed provocations against China and The note points out: "The above are new encroachments upon Chinese territory. 'If the grave incidents deliberately created by the Vietnamese authorities should persist in their Vietnamese authorities after they engineered course and aontinue to encroach upon Chinese the November 1, 1978 grave bloody incident of territory . and sovereignty, make armed prov- wounding and killing Chinese citizens in the ocations and attacks against China and create Nungchiao and Nunghei areas on the Chinese incidents of bloodshird, they must be held responsible for the eonsequences arising.there- from."

Bullets llred from armed Vletnamese Deputy captain Huang Szu-ching dleal on the sttot. ships and recovered in Chinese trawlers.

14 Peking Reoi.eto, I[o, 5I Stotement ,by Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesmon

- Supporting Kompucheo's just stond ond condemning Vietnomese outhorities' oggression ond subversion

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rnHE spokesman of the Chinese Foreign aggression on Kampuchea towards the of I end Ministry on December 16 issued a statement 19?? in an attempt to annex the latter and rig on the so-called "Kampuchean national united up an "Indochinqse federation" under their front for national salvation" produced by the control, and so realize their long-cherished Vietnamese authorities. The statement follows: dream of regional hegemony. They have now The Vietnamese authorities produced on deployed more than ten divisions of regular December 3, 19?8 a so-called "Kampuchean troops along the Vietnamese-Kampuchean national united front for- national salvation" and border and started a' new massive military then immediately set prop- in motion its whole offensive against Kampuchea. Their purpose in aganda machine to call for the overthrow of creating at this time the so-called "Kimpuchean the Government of Democratic Kampuchea. front for national salvation" is obviously to This was exposed by the statement issued on support' their military offensive and deceive December 9 by the spokesman of the Ministry world opinion. This has further.revealed their of Information and Propaganda of Democratic wild ambition of annexing Kampuchea. Kampuchea. The Ch,lnese Government and peo- ple firmly support the just stand of the Govern- The Chinese Government and people firmly ment of Democratic Kampuchea and condemn support the people of Kampuchea in their just the Vietnamese authorities for their rabid acts struggle to uphold national independence and of aggression and subversion against Democratic state sovereignty. The massive . aggression Kampuchea. Their frenzied military aggression against Kampuchea carried out by the Viet- and subversion against a sovereign state con- namese expansionists with the support of the stitute. a most grave and violation crude of the Soviet Union is a grave menace to peace and code of conduct in international relations and stability in Southeast Asia and Asia as a whole. pose a serious threat to peace and stability in We believe that it will not be treated with in- Southeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. difference by the countries and people of Asia, It is common - knowledge that the Viet- those of Southeast Asia in partieular, and that namese authorities waged a massive war of this is only natural.

Decernber 22, 1978 t5 Soviet and Vietnamese Hegemonists' True Colours

"Renmin Ribso" Editoriol

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HE massive armed aggression against Kam- troops who have invaded northeast Kampuchea r puchea which the Vietnamese authorities are trying to enlarge the area of. occupation. have prepared for a long time with Soviet sup- Those entrenched in the areas in east Kampu- port, has actually begun. 'Over a dozen Viet- chea nicknamed "Fish Hook" and "Parrot's namese divisions have been deployed on the Beak" have mounted several attacks under air Kampuchean-Vietnamese and Kampuchean- cover. Lao borders. The Vietnamese artillery on thi At the same time, the Vietnamese authori- coastal islands, especially on the Phu Quoc ties rigged up a puppet known as Island which is adja.cent has .organization to .Kampuchea, the "Kampuchean national united front for been reinforced. Thus, crescent of armed a national salvation." They hope to disguise their forces formed from north to south has been own armed aggression against Kampuchea as against Kampuchea. aggressor The Vietnamese "insurrection" of the Kampuchean people, and the Kampuchean territories seized by them as "liberated areas" created by that puppet organ- ization. Consequently, they attempt to de- scribe Viet Nam's war of aggression against Kampuchea as a "civil war" in Kampuchea and provide.a "legal" cover for the Vietnamese acts of aggression. It may well be predicted that some day the Vietnamese authorities will pro- claim the founding of a puppet government to pave the way for direct intervention by the Soviet Union. What the Vietnamese authorities are doing is a continuation and development of the couo- ter-revolutionary dual tactics they have pursued over a long period against Kampuehea - armed aggression and political subversion. It is also the inevitable outgrowth of the regional hege- monism they have been pushing stubbornly with the blessing of Soviet social-imperialism.

Notionol Chouvinists' Dreom People often wonder why Viet Nam, a long-time victim of imperialist aggression which A puppet show. by itliao Tt claims to be a socialist country, should turn

16 Peking Reoiew, No. 5I round and embark on aggression against Kam- possibility that the Vietnamese authorities might puchea as soon as it had won victory over the take the opportunity to nibble at Cambodian U:S. aggressois. In answering this question, it territory, the Cambodian leaders at that time must be pointed out that the present Vietnamese consented to the request only after the Viet- leaders have never been Marxists but national namese leaders and the South Viet. Nam Na- chauvinists. In Marxists' view, all nations, big tional Front for Liberation had repeatedly and small, are equal; there are no such things declared their recognition of Cambodia's terri- as superior or inferior nations; all nations torial integrity within its existing boundaries. should support each other in their revoluticn- This entailed a great national sacrifice for ary struggles; and the bigger and stronger na- Cambodia. tions must not bully or subjugate the smaller and the weaker or seek to dominate them under "lndochino Federotion" : Dominotion the pretext of supporting revolutionary strug- Of Southeost Asio gles. The Vietnamese leaders regard their own After the victory of the war of resistance nation as the developed" and superior "most against U.S. aggression, the Vietnamese author- nation in Indochina and one which should in ities believed that their country had become its own right exercise leadership in that region. the No. 1 military power in Southeast Asia The projected federation" is precise- "Indochina beeause it had powerful armed forces and Iy intended to ensure Viet Nam's role of leader- sophisticated weapons. They became swell- ship and domination. headed. They tried desperately to control Laos As early as the 1940s, Viet Nam had al- and Kampuchea under the. new signboard of ready made it its fixed poliey to form an "special relationship" so as to quiekly realize "Indochina federation." Since then, this na- their long-cherished scheme of founding an tional chauvinistic dream has always remained "Indochina fbderation." Renouncing their an obsession with the Vietnamese leaders. In former pledge to recognize and respect Kampu- 1951 when the Indochina Communist Party was chea's territorial in[egrity within its existing renamed the Viet Nam Workers' Party, the boundaries, they occupied by force Kampuchea's Programme of the Viet Nam Workers' Party territory - the islands of Koh Way, unreason- stated explicitly: "Proceeding from their com- ably demanded that the boundary line be- mon interests, the people of Viet Nam work in tween the two countries be re-delineated, Kampuchean territory, long-term co-operation with the Khmer [now repeatedly intruded into Kampuchean] and Laotian nations; and the and openly launched a large-scale war of aggres- three nations will, if they so desire, proceed. to sion. They not only want to rig up a "great form an independent, free and prosperous Viet Indochina federation" with Viet Nam as the Nam-Khmer-Laos federation" (Article LZ, boss, but also arrogantly try to lord it over the Chapter 3). whole of Southeast Asia. On the ,strength of the small political capital they made as "cham- After the end of the war of resistance pions against imperialism and for independ- against French aggression, Viet Nam, Cambodia ence" in the war against U.S. aggression, the [now Kampuchea] and Laos became independent Vietnamese leaders have the cheek to style countries. Soon afterwards, the war against themselves as the spokesman of the "movement U.S. aggression broke out. The plan for creat- for national independence and democracy of ing an "Indochina federation" was temporarily the people of the five eountries" in Southeast shelved during the war. But the Viet- Asia and the spokesman of the "revolution of nameSe authorities did : not give up their the three countries in Indochina." They have scheme. They always attempted to prepare the insolently opposed the Association of Southeast 'eonditions necessary for its realization in Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its proposal for future. In 1966-67, they requested the opening making Southeast Asia'a "zone of peace, free- of :a transportation line leading to south Viet dom and neutrality" and clamoured that the Nam through the territories of Laos and Cam- "future of the Southeast Asian countries must bodia. This is the well-known "Ho Chi Minh be one of genuine independence, peace and Trail" as it was called later. In view of the neutrality." To put it bluntly, they want the

December 22, 79?8 17 Cargo Ship and "Refugees" tention. According to some international or$a'ni- zations, the "refugeqs'1 were each.forced to pay 2,000 to 3,000 U.S. dollars' worth of gold. In Vietnomese outhorities export this way the Vietnamese authorities fleeced - "refugees" in o plonned woy from them a large amount-of gold. In fact, Viet Nam had committed such dirty 1| ARRYING 2,500 "refugees," the cargo ship tricks even before tlrre Hai lfoag incident, with \-r .EIoi Hong recently saiLed from Yiet many senior and junior government officials Nam in an orderly fashion towards the and officers involved. A Western news agency high seas with the "tacit consent" of the Viet- report said that the price the "refugees" had to namese aUthorities. I'his has aroused world at- pay was really fantastic. Hanoi is pursuing a policy of expansion and aggression abroad and ruthless oppression and exploitation at home. This has made many people destitute and'homeless. Unable to get a living, many had to leave the country as "refugees." They were first treated as "milch oows" and then driven aboard wooden boats or dilapidated cargo ships which drifted on the rough seas, with no guarantee for safety whatsoever. Suffering from hunger and cold, many died. World public opinion has severely condemned the Vietnamese authorities' atroc- The Hoi Hong witln 2,500 Vietnamese "refugecs." ities.

Southeast Asian countries to dance to Hanoi's Hdnoi's Ambition ond Moscow's Support tune. The Vietnamese authorities' ambition of However, the Kampuchean people do not regional hegemonism has won the support of want to see their country become Viet Nam's Spviet social-imperialism. Brezhnev and his ilk satellite.and its stepping stone for expansion in are also national chauvinists. It is not at all sur- Southeast Asia. Kampuchea with a population prising that they and the Vietnamese authorities of only a few millions is regarded by the Viet- can quickly become partners in a dirty deal. namese authorities as an obstacle to their The Soviet Union with, its ambition for world domination of Southeast Asia because Viet domination is an old hand in political subver- Nam rnust first place Kampuchea undei its sion and armed invasion. Hanoi and Moscow control before it can proceed to extend its have not only a common ideologieal basis and aggressive forces to Thailand, Malaysia, a common political line, but also the same desire Burma. ... The Vietnamese authorities in the to reach out for Southeast Asia. They see eye past few years resorted to various'tactics, such to eye with each other and are working hand as border conflict, subversion and large-scale in glove. Hanoi has won Moscow's favours by armed intrusion, in an attempt to subdue Kam- fanning up an anti-China wave, and Moscow has prrchea. But all their efforts ended in igno- rewarded it with support for its criminal ac- minious failure. The indomitable Kampuchea tions. Hanoi wants to enlist Moscow's support remairls a hard nut to crack for the Viet- to fulfil its "great cause" of creating an "Indo- nameae iuthorities. china federation" and dominating Sciutheast

18 Peking Reai,ew, No. 51 Asia. Moscow, for its part, plans to take Ttre Soviet and Vietnamese hegemonists have advantage of Hanoi's ambitions in order to now exposed their hideous features. complete its own strategic deployment for hegemony over Southeast Asia and the pacific. Kompucheon People's Just Couse This is why Viet Nam has become a willing Hos Abundont Support pawn of Soviet social-imperialism and a second The thrust of Soviet and Vietnamese ex- Cula. pansionism is at present directed. against Kam- puchea, but their next move will be .against The Soviet Union harbours a bitter hatied other countries of Southeast Asia. In their pres- for the revolutionary Kampuchean people. It ent war of resistance against aggression, the is, a notorious fact that the Soviet Union placed Kampuchean people are defending not only itq.stakes on the traitorous Lon Nol clique their own independence and freedom, but also before the Kamputhean people won victory. the peace and securi.ty of Southeagt Asia and Even then, the Soviet Union had the effrontery Asia as a whole. This is quite clear to all the to send a message through Viet Nam to the Southeast Asian nations and their people. It is leaders of the Kampuehean revolution, asking entirely. legitimate for these natioru show for the to "establishment of contacts'r with them their concern over the grave situation arising and declaring shamelessly that the Soviet Union frotn Viet Nam's aggression'against Kampuchea had the obligation to "safeguard the solidarity and to call for stability to be maintained in the df the Indochina federation.l' This was an region. -struggleattempt to infiltrate into the revolutionary Kampuchea is a state born in the flarhes of the Kampuchean people. Finding of struggle against aggression. The Kampu- the door slammed, the Soviet Union gave chean people are a long-tested heroic people. energetic support to the Vietnamese authorities Under the leadership of the Kampuchean Com- in their massive armed intrusions into Kam- munist Party, they rose up as one in national puchea. It went so far as to dispatch warships resistanee, smashed the repeated attacks of the tb the South China Sea to encourage the Viet- Vietnamese aggressors and defended the na- namese authorities. Of late, when the Viet- tional independence and territorial integrity of Kampuchea, nalrlese authorities were preparing for a mas- demonstrating a dauntless rev- olutionary spirit in defiance brute force. sive invasion of Kampuchea, the Soviet Union of The Vietnamese aggresSors, relying on their not only sent large quantities of weapons and sophisticated weapons, may make some advances other equipment Nam, also to Viet but signed temporarily and even occupy a number of Kam- with it a treaty of "friendship and co-opera- puchean cities, but they will never be able to tion" which is in essence one of military alliance. subdue the Kampuchean people no matter how The Soviet Union has not only provided weap- they throw their weight about. The Kampuchean ons, money and "advisers" to assist Viet Nam people are now waging a just war against in its aggression against Kampuchea, but also aggression and one which is an important in- tried to compel other Warsaw pact countries tegral part of the contemporary national-libera- to act likewise in a "joint support to Viet Nam." tiqn movem'ent in the world. The Chinese peo- It attempts to extend Warsaw Pact members' ple firmly support the just struggle waged by the Kampuchean people against Soviet and obligations from Europe to Asia so as to beat Vietnamese hegemonism. Because of the Soviet the drum for the aggression of thq Vietnamese social-imperialist intervention, the Kampuchean authorities. The Vietnamese leaders have people's struggle against Vietnamese aggression dared to risk. universal condemnation and are will be fieree, protracted and arduous. But a beginning to flagrantly launeh another massive just cause enjoys abundant sripport. The peo- invasion of Kampuchea just because they have ple in Southeast Asia and all over the world the Soviet Union, a superpower, as their Ubnina- are on the side of the Kampuchean people. We the-scenes boss. This shows that the Soviet are convinced that victory definitely belongs to Union is a very sinister and ferocious enemy of the heroic people of Kampuchea. people the of Karhpuehea and Southeast Asia. (Decembe:r 76, subhead.s are ours.)

December 22, 1978 19 Steel Output Tops 30 Million lons

IIttl!iltltIttl|lttltIttttttl!ttlttlltltltlttttIulllllltililtItIIIllllll fiHINA produced the 28 million tons of steel steel-making enterprises, 18 of the 20 major \,r planned for 1978 with more than a month iron-smelting enterprises and 24 of the 26 key to spare. On December 9 the 30 million-ton- enterprises turning out rolled steel had fulfilled mark was topped. their plans. Local iron and steel enterprises, including both medium and small ones, had met Total output for 1978 is expected to exceed the state plan by the end of October. 31.7 million tons, a net increase of 8 million tons compared with last year, the biggest While big increases have been reported annual increment since the founding of New from the Shoutu Iron and Steel Company and China. The previous record was set up in 1959 the steel plants in Shanghai, which have always when 13.86 million tons of steel were produced, done well in production, enterprises like the giving a net increase of 5.86 million tons over Anshan, Wuhan and Taiyuan Iron and Steel the 1958 output of 8 million tons. Companies which had suffered much at the hands of the "gang of four" have also chalked Noteworthy fact almost iron is the that all up new records. For the first time the Paotow steel complexes in China have already and Iron and Steel Co:npany which incurred losses planned targets. By the overfulfilled their state for a long time has handed over to the state days December, 23 26 key first ten of of the more than 10 million yuan in profits this year.

A Tremendous Success rilio This year's sharp climb in steel output is million tons the (6timt€d) a big achievement brought about by Chinese people in grasping the key link of class struggle and bringing about great order across the land under the leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua. China's iron and steel had very weak foun- dations. Annual steel output was 158,000 tons before the founding of the People's Republic of ,;1,?"'"0,:"" China in 1949. Large-scale economic construc- tion was begun in 1953 and steel production went up each year. By 1960 it had reached 18.66 million tons. But between 1960 and 1970, China's iron and steel industry marked time and steel output remained more or less the same. The reason for this was the Soviet Union's perfidious scrapping of contracts and withdrawal of experts, three consecutive years of natural disasters at home, 15t,000 interference and sabotage by tons and especially the Lin Piao and the "gAng of four." t9{9 I95t 1960 1975 t91t t978 il been Since 1971, the industry as a whole has STEEI. OUTPUT making some progress. Steel output in 1971 for

20 Peking Retsieu, No. 5I The Shoulu Iron anit Steel Compony et night"

the first time went over the 2O-million-ton mark. aroused. All this has pushed iron and steel pro- In 19?4, 1975 and 1976, the Ministry of Metal- duction up steeply. lurgical Industry set the target at 26 million tons This year's achievement in steel production for each of the three years. But this plan met demonstrates that Chinals metallurgieal industry with opposition from the "gang of four" which is now back to normal and entering a new was out to usurp Party and-state leadership. period of development. fire gang's followers in the metallurgical minis- try said: "It doesn't matter if several million Outstanding workers ori the metallurgical tons less steel are produced." So the Steel front whose contributio.rrs helped raise steel output plan was never met in any of those years production to an all-time high recently met in and stagnation set in once again. Peking to celebrate the victory and exchange experience. During the meeting, Party and After smashing the "gprrg of four" in state leaders met and commended them. The October 1976, the Party Central Committee participants in turn promised to press ahead to headed by Chairman Hua issued the call to grasp produce 60 million tons of steel by 1985. the key link of class struggle and bring about great order across the iand. Over the last two . Speeding Up Modernizotion years or sg, there has been a mass movement in the industry along with the rest of the country Vice-Premier of the State Council Kang to expose and criticize the gang. The portion Shih-en, in his address entitled "Bring the of Modern- of power usurped by the gang's followers has Metallurgical Industry Into the Orbit ization," put forward following demands been seized back and leading bodies of the the in the meeting. Ministry of Metallurgical Industry and the levels of leadership must concentrate on enterprises under it have been adjusted. -Cases AII of false or wrong charges fabricated by the improving production, construction and the gang's henchmen have been overthrown and technical revolution. the cadres, engineers and technicians who were Objective laws governing economic affairs attacked, persecuted and elbowed aside by them must be adhered to. Economic means and are again trusted and assigned work. Mapage- econbmic organizations must be used fully and ment of enterprises has been strengthened and strict cost accounting and economic respon- a socialist labour emulation is unfolding. There sibilities must be observed. The system of is stability and unity and the enthusiasm of the drawing up contracts should be introduced, in- workers, technicians and cadres has been dustry should be reorganized according to the

Deeember 22, 7978 21 generally ac,cepted internationally and to our benefit so as to shorten the time tor us to catch up with advanced wof,ld levels. Modern science and technologY and modern management methods should be studied and mastered. The fine tradition and stYle of work characterized by seeking truth from facts must be revived and carried forward. . Vice-Premier Kang called on all concerned to do everything possible to accelerate the development 'of the Technicians and c8dres ol the iron-smeltlng plant metallurgical industry. To this end, under the Shoufu Iron and Steel Company ' given tapping the discussing their work. priority must be to ' potential of old plants. Some enter- prises this year have already reached or principle of specialization and co-operation, the are approaching their designed capacity, but socialist principle of distribution aicording to others have not, and this unexploited capacity work must be observed and good or bad is equivalent to a big complex producing several management of enterprises should have a bear- million tons of steel a year. Next, old plants .ing on the interests of the workers, technicians must be improv.ed technically and equipment of and cadres. the 1940s and 1950s updated. Thirdly; Advanced technology must be vigorously construction of large, modern iron and brought in from abroad; foreign funds utilfzed steel bases must be speeded up. Although time and the international market must be boldly does not allow prrtting up many new.plants to entered into. On the basis of independence and increase steel output by 1985, the development self-reliahce, mbjor advanced techniques of the of the iron and steel industry will eventually rrorld should be imported in the forms that are depend on these large new,enterprises.

A new coke oven,'An- shan Iron anil Steel Company.

Peking Reoieus, No. 5I Revolutioncrry Memoir A Glory to His People .:, ln memory. of the lote Ghoirmon Chu Teh of the - N.P.C. Stonding Committee

by Hsiao Ke illllIllllllllrilliltIIMIllllllrrrntrrilnlllllrrrnrnilrrrilllllrilllilllilllIIIIllIlllIllIll!I rftHE late Comrade Chu Teh, an outstanding Northern warlords. Once more Comrade Chu I leader of our Party, state and army, was a Teh joined the revolutionary war in a punitive great proletarian revolutionary. For more than expedition against Yuan to overthrow him and half a century, he fought heroically during his save the country; he was then commander of lifetime for the Chinese people's cause of libera- the third detachment of the First Army of the tion and for the victory of communism. The Army of National Salvation under Tsai O. His service he rendered is immortal. He brought bravery and military prowess won him high honour to the Party and glory to the people. prestige among the civilians and armymen in Yunnan and Szechuan. Before long he was pro- Striving for Truth moted. to brigade commander of the Army of Comrade Chu Teh was born in November National Salvation. 1886 of a tenant farmer family in Yilung County, Following the fall of the Ching emperor in horthern Szechuan Province. A victim of op- the Revohltion of 1911 as well as after the over- pres3ion and exploitation by the feudal landlord 'throw of Yuan Shih-kai in the war'of national class in his childlrood, he had plenty of hard salvation, infighting erupted among the war- work but earned scarcely enough to keep body lords and in the ensuing years darkness con- bnd soul together. In 1909, under the influence tinued to reign over Chinese society. In 191?, of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's ideas of democratic revolu- salvoes of the October Revolution brought journey "the tion, he made the long from Szechuan us Marxism-Leninism," Avidly Comrade Chu to Kunming to enroll as a cadet at the Yunnan Teh perused all available Chinese translations Military Academy. Soon afterwards, he joined of Marxist-Leninist works and materials about the Tung Meng Huil, a secret revolutionary or- the experiencri of the Russian revolution which ganization led by.Dr. Sun Yat-sen. he eould find at that time. He thus decided to Following the outbreak of the Revolution of get into contact with the Chinese Communist 1919 on October 10 of that year; under the com- Party and take the road of the October Revolu- mand of General Tsai 01, Comrade Chu Teh led tion. This was a decisive step in his transfor- a company of the New Army in an assault on the mation from a radical democratic revolutionary headquarters of the Governor-General (the into a communist fighter. highest military and administrative official) of Chu Teh gave Yunnan and Kweichow Provinces. Later he and Without hesitation Comrade post with rank his men went to fight the Ctring government up his of brigade commander the of major general and with new hopes sta4ted off troops in Szechuan.' a new course. When he passed through Chung- After the downfall of the Ching Dynasty, the king, he was offered the post of divisional com- fruits of the victory of the revolution fell into mander by a Szechuan warlord. This he flatly the hands of Yuan Shih-kai}, chieftain of the rejected and went on to Shanghai, but failed to find the Party organization there. Then he trav- The author is Member of the Central Com- elled to Peking, and again met with failure. He mittee of the Chinese Communist Party and Pres- lose g4ent Shanghai a ident of the Military Academy of the Chinese Peo- did not heart, but to for ple's Liberation Army. second time, and once again tried to find the

December 22, 7978 23 Party. In September 1922, he finatly succeeded came to Naiichang and took up the post of Com- in meeting the General Secretary of the Chinese mander of the Officers' Regiment and concur- Communist Party Chen T\r-hsiu, who cold- rently Director of the Bureau of Public Security shouldered him. There, he also had the chance of the Nanchang Municipality. The Officers' of meeting Dr. Yat-sen, great Sun the democrat Regiment, ostensibly under the Third Army of whom he hdd long held in esteem. Dr. Sun sug- the. National Revolutionary Army, was actually gested that he should rejoin the Yunnan army led by the Communist Party. Comrade Chu Teh and fight Chen Chiung-ming, a Kwangtung war- educated its 1,000 officer-cadets in Marxist- Since lord, he did not agree to this, Dr. Sun Leninist ideas, and influenced them to take part go advised him to to the United States for fur- in the worker-peasant movement which raised ther studies. Chu Teh said: A socialist move- their p.olitical consciousness in the struggle. He ment is now on the rise in Europe; I think I'tl also enlisted a large number of them into the go to visit the homeland of Karl Marx. Party with the result that the regiment became At the end of Octoh,er 1922, Comrade Chu an extremely active revolutionary force, a base Teh, then 36, went abroad to Germany. Very and a fortress of the revolutionary activities in soon after his arrival in Berlin he made the ac- Nanchang. quaintance of Comrade Chou En-lai who at the At the same time, Comrade Chu Teh often time was in charge of the General Branch of the went to give guidance to the work of many mass Chinese Communist Party in Europe. Comrade organizations,. such as the peasant movement Chou En-lai warm-heartedly endorsed re- his training class, the trade union, peasant associa- quest foqmembership in the Chinese Communist tion, women's association and the students' fed- Party and recommended He was him. aecepted eration. There he propagated revolutionary at the end of November that at last, some- fear; ideas and theories and fostered the vigorous de- thing he had long aspired had for come true. velopment ofl ihe worker-peasant mass move- After that he worked with indefatigable zeal ment in places around Nanchang. In June 1927, for the cause of communisr.n under Party leader- the Kuomintang's Provincial Governor of Kiang- ship. si Chu Pei-teh started to expel the Communists frorn the province (this he did in the name of A Founder People's of the Army "politely seeing the Communists off") and The great revolution'against imperialism Comrade Chu Teh was forced to leave Nanchang and the Chinese feudal warlords which was ini- for Wuhan. tiated through the co-operative efforts of tbe Kuomintang and the Communist Party took On July 21, the Party directed Comrade Chu place between 1924 and 1927. It ended in failure Teh in Wuhan to go back to Nanchang secretly owing to Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal and the to make preparations for the uprising. His relinquishment of leadership over the revolution mission was to pass on the Central Committee's by the opportunist Chen Tu-hsiu. To save the decision to leading comrades on the Kiangsi Chinese revolution and deal a counter-blow at provincial Party committee, to arrange for biv- the Kuomintan! reactionaries who had betrayed ouacking the troops under Comrades Yeh the revolution in mid-stream and massacred the Ting and Ho Lung upon their arrival in Nan- revolutionary people in cold blood, the Central chang, to make every effort to organize those Committee of the Chinese Communist Party de- still in the Officers' Regiment and the revolu- cided in mid-July 7927 to stage an armed up- tionary comrades in the Fublic Security Bureau rising in Nanchang, Kiangsi province. Comrade to take part in the uprising, to use his connections Chou En-lai was appointed Secretary of the with the officers of the Third and Ninth Armies Party's Front Committee for the Nanchang of the National Revolutionary Army to ensure Uprising. Comrade Chu Teh actively'took a part the safe arrival of the leading comrades of the in organizing and leading the uprising as one of Party Central Committee and give cover to their its leaders. activities, and also to collect detailed informa- tion about the enemy's military disposition. At Upon his return from abroad at the end of the Frrrnt Committee after Comrade Chou En- 1926, under Party instructions Comrade Chu Teh lai's arrival in Nanchang, Comrade Chu Teh

24 Peking Reuieu; No. 51 brlefed the meeting on his prdparatory work and what he kndw about the enemy. He thus provided the Front Com- mittee with reliable information for organizing the uprising and working out the plan "of operations. In accordance with the instructions of the Front Com- mittee, Comrade Chu Teh made use oI his social position and gave a lavish dinner party at the home of the bogus mayor of Nanchang on the evening of July 31. Some of the officers,. regimental commanders and above, of the main Kuomintang troops stationed inside the city Coffirade Chu Teh at a reservoir construction site. were invited. Comrade Chu Teh had beforehand sent his Wooilcut by Chang Tso'ming own men to keep the mayor's residence under secret surveillance. Another strong to press on in the direction of sQuthern clever tactic of his was to send the bodyguards Kiangsi via western Fukien. His troops at that of the invited officers somewhere else to be time had . neither supplies nor reinforcements "entertained" separately. The reception lasted and were under enemy attack from all direc- until far into the night, when Comrade Chu Teh tions. In a situation such as this Comrade Chu made an excuse to withdraw. Our own guards, Teh proved himself to be indomitable; wtiile as arranged by Comrade Chu Teh in advance, arousing his men politically and ideologically immediately took those present at the party into to raise their morale, he used his wits to throw detention before they knew what had happened. off pursuing enemy and, together with Com- Some of the enemy troops were inactivated in rades Chen Yi and Wang Erh-cho, brought the the absence of their commanding officers and troops to southern Hunan where the peasant this made it possible ior our own troops to wipe movement was in full swing. Under his leader- them out in no time. Under the command of ship and that of the Special Party Committee of Comrade Chou En-lai and Comrades Chu teh, southern Hunan, the famous south Hunan Ho Lung, Yeh Ting and Liu Po-cheng, the in- Uprising was staged in January 1928. In less surgents, after fbur or five hours'bitter fighting, than a month or so, the 1,000-strong revolu- completely annihilated the enemy forces in tionary armed force was quickly expanded to Nanchang and liberated the city. 10,000 (including armed peasants); on this basis five counties The Nanchang.Uprising in which the first a Soviet power encompassing the Yunghsing gunshot was fired at the Kuomintang reaction- of Yichang, Chenchow, Tzuhsing, influence was felt aries, harbingered the war of agrarian revolu- and Leiyang was set up. Its throughout Hunan and Fukien. tion by the revolutionary armed {orces under the exclusive leadership of our Party. The revolt in these five Hunan counties and After withdrawing from the city, most of the establishment of the revolutionary regime the insurgents in the uprising suffered defeat in threw the Kuomintang reactionaries into a the Chaochow-Swatow area in Kwangtung panic. Chiang Kai-shek massed heavy reac- Province. With proletarian undauntedness in the tionary troops to launch a "joint annihilation" face of an extremely critical situation, Comrade campaign, making it difficult for the insurgents Chu Teh decided to lead his men some 2,000 tq retain a foothold in the area.

December 22, 7978 25 Meanwhile, Comrade Mao Tsetung had annihilation campaigns," scoring one victory already established China's first red b'ase area after another. in the Chingkang Mountains, which wagto dem- onstrate the only correct road for the Chinese In late June 1928, the Kuomintang grouped revolution. Drawing lessons from the defeat of together ten regiments of the reactionary forces the insurgents of the Nanchang Uprising in their in Hunan and Kiangsi and launched offensives southward march, Comrade Cliu Teh decided to from two directions for a joint attack on Ning- pull the main force of the insurgents out of kang, centre of the base area in the Chingkang southern Hunan and head for the Chingkang Mountains. Accordingly, Chairman Mao laid Mountains to join forces with Comrade Mao down the principle of assuming the defensive in Tsetung. The two armies joined forces at Lung- dealing with the invading enemy from Hunan shih in Ningkang, Kiangsi Province, oq April 28, while concentrating forces to strike at the enemy 1928. They were reorganized to bgcome the from Kiangsi. He decided that the main force Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peas- of the Red Army was to move to Lungyuankou ants' Red Army with Comrade Chu Teh as com- in Ningkang to engage the enemy there. Com- mander and Comrade Mao Tsetung as Party rep- rade Chu Teh led the 29th Regiment and a bat- resentative. Eventually this contingent, under talion of the 31st Regiment to the area and oc- Comrade Mao Tsetung's leadership, was able to cupied the height. The enemy charged again lay a solid foundation for protracted armed and again. Under Comrade Chu Teh's com- struggle and the ultimate seizure of political mand. the officers and fighters of the Red Army power throughout the country. fought valiantly and threw the enemy back. In close co-ordination with each other. our men wiped r;ut an enemy regiment completely; routed Choirmon Moo's Right-Hond Mon two others and captured more than 1,000 rifles. Throughout the various historical stages in The first mammoth "joint annihilation cam- the Chinese revolution, Comrade Chu Teh was a paign" by the enemy in Hunan and Kiangsi was close comrade-in-arms of Chairman Mao and thus crushed. This was the first big victory won actively helped him in studying and working after the founding of the base area in the Ching- out major strategic plans and in organizing and kang Mountains. conducting major campaigns and battles. Com- In 1930, the Red Army established the Cen- rade Chu Teh was the right-hand man oI tral Soviet Area with Juichin as its centre. The Chairman Mao and an outstanding proletarian main force of the Red Army now grew to 40,000; rnilitary strategist. Comrade Chu Teh became Commander-in-Chief In the da;-s of the bitter struggle in the and Comtade Mao Tsetung Chief Political Com- Chingkang I\ft>untains, located in the middle sec- missar. Chiang Kai-shek regrouped his armed tion of the Lohsiao mountain range in western forces and sent 100,000 troops, later 200,000 and Kiangsi, Comrade Chu Teh strictly adhered to 300,000 in three successive large-scale "encircle- Chairman Mao's principle of "struggle resolute- ment and annihilation" campaigns against the 1y against the enemy, set up politieal power Central Soviet Area. In fierce battles to counter in the middle section of the fohsiao mountain the successive "encirclement and annihilation" range, and oppose flightism." Guided by this campaigns, Commander-in-Chief Chu persever- principle, he organized the armymen and civil- ingly acted in accordance with Chairman Mao's ians in the Chingkang Mountains, to fight the operational principle of "luring the enemy deep Iocal despots, divide up land, re5tore and develop into our territory" and helped Chairman Mao the local Party organizations, set up red polit- in commanding the troops and smashing the ical power and establish Red Guards. When enemy's three counter-revolutionary "encircle- the enemy launched attacks on the Chingkang ment and annihilation" campaigns. During the Mountains base area, Comrade Chu Teh assisted fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement Chairman Mao in conducting the struggle so that and annihilation," although the "Left" oppor- the Red Army, which was much weaker than tunists had excluded Chairman Mao from the the enemy and numerically far inferior, was leadership of the Red Army, Commander-in- able to repeatedly smash the enemy's "joint Chief Chu, together with Comrade Chou En-lai,

26. Peking Reuiew, No. 5I lr-tltl,i1iJ iil.lr ri:

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Comrades Mao Tsetung a,nd Chu Teh meet st ChinSikang Mountains. Oit painting ba Lin Kang

continued to conduct operations in accordance heavy blow'to the arrogant Japanese invaders with Chairman Mao's strategic and tactical prin- and greatly increased the nation'd determination ciples and thus won victory in this counter- to fight tlie War of Resistance to the end. campaign. In April 1940, Commander-in-Chief Chu When the Japanese invaders launched all- returned to Yenan from the north China front out war against China, the Chinese nation was to assist Chairman Mao in conducting the anti- thrown into a crisis, its destiny at stake. Entrust- Japanese struggles in the vagious base areas ed by Chairman Mao and the Party Central throughout the country. Owing to'the Japanese Committee, Comrade Chu Teh became Com- invaders' savage "mopping-up" operations, the mander-in-Chief of the Eighth Route Army in Kuomintang's military encirclement and eeonorn- August 193? and led the 115th, 120th and 129th ic blockade, plus riatural calamities, the base Divisions in crossing the Yellow River in Shensi areas fell. into serious economic straits. Com- Province and moving eastward to the enemy rade Chu . Teh enthusiastically responded to rear in north China. He fully mobilized the Chairman Mao's call to take up production for masses to persist in guerrilla warfare in the self-support. Wherv inspecting the region garri- enemy rear with independence and initiative. soned by the 359th Brigade, he found Nanni- place for In the first three years of the War of Re- wan, southeast of Yenan, an ideal brought up the sistance, the Eighth Route Army engaged the reclamation by the army and the Party Cen- Japanese invaders in"more than 10,000 major or idea with Chairman Mao and went there to in- minor battlbs in which over 100,000 invading tral Committee. He himself to Japanese troops were either killed or wounded, vestigate and instructed the 359th Brigade while more than 100,000 puppet troops in the service start a large-scale production campaign, of the Japanese iirvaders were won over to our maintaining combat-readiness at all times. side. This made it possible for us to expand Latei on, he returned to Nanniwan many time.s quickly, set up sizable anti-Japanese base areas to inspect the work 'and issue further instrdc- and many local revolutionary governments. A tions. Thanks to the heroic exploits of the of- situation in which the enemy-occupied cities and ficers and men of the 359th Brigade, Nanniwan lines of communications in north China were was finally transformed from a tract of lYaste- strategically encircled was created. This was a Iand into a prosperous area.

December 22, 7978 2X After the victory of the War of Resistance dealing and at a' meeting at Maoerhkai in Against Japan in 1945, Chiang Kai-Shek started northwestern Szechuan, he agreed, in words, to all-out civil war at the instigation of U.S. im- the Party Central Committee's decision to perialism. Commander-in-Chief Chu assisted fdrm two army routes, the left route and the Chairman Mao .in oiganizing and conducting right route, and to march northward to resist the nationwide War of Liberation. The war Japanese aggression. But when the left route entered the stage of strategicblly deiisive bat- army came to the Ahpa region west of Maoerh- tles in 1948, and in less than six months we kai, he flagrantly viplated the decision and scored great victories in the Liaohsi-Shenyang, forced the troops to go south, asking Comrade Peiping-Tientsin and Huai-Hai Campaigns. Im- Chu Teh to sign with him a telegram ordering mediately afterwards, otr army marched the right route army also to turn south. This southward, fought its way across the Yangtze, was sternly rejected by Commander-in-Chief liberated the southwest and the northwest, Chu.. In defiance of Comrade.Chu Teh's warn- wiped out 8 million troops of Chiang Kai-shek's ing, Chang Kuo-tao nevertheless sent the tele- regi.me and seized political power throughout gram out in the name of the general headquar- the country. This was a great victory for ters. He also sent out a code telegram as part Chairman Mao's military thought and, at the of a plot to intercept and attack the First same time, the result of operational planning Front Army and the Party Central Committee by Premier Chou and Commander-in-Chief and thus disrupt the correct policy of moving Chu. north to resist Japanese aggression. The code telegram came into the hands of Stonding Firm When Principle ls lnvolyed Comrade Yeh Chien-ying, Chief of Staff of the In the inner-Party struggles between the right- route army, who immediately reported two lines, especially in the struggle against .the the matter to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao turncoat Chang Kuo-tao, Commander-in-Chief and Comrade Chou En-lai at once called a Po- Chu Teh faithfully implemented and defended litical Bureau meeting at Pahsi and a deeision Chairman Mao's revolutionary line by persist- was made to leave the danger zone immediate- ently upholding revolutionary principle while ly. They led the First and Third Army Groups adopting flexible tactics in the struggle. of the right route army to set out that very night on their northwaid march. Bureau of the Party Central Committee at Chang Kuo-tao slandered and attacked Tsunyi, Kweichow, in January 1935 put an end the Party Central Committee and tried to com- to the domination of Wang Ming's line in the pel Commander-in-Chief Chu Teh to make a Party Central Committee and established. statement opposing Chairman Mao and oppos- Chairinan Mao's leadership in the whole Party ing the march north to fight the Japanese in- and the whole army. After the meeting the vaders. Commander-in-Chief Chu, maintain- First Front Army of the Red Army, led by ing a clear-cut stand, retorted: Chairman Mao's Chairman Mao, broke through numerous enemy leadership is correct, I've raised my hand to encirclements and joined forces with the show my support for the policy of the Party Fourth Front Army at Maokung in western Central Committee to march north and fight Szechuan in June 1935. the Japanese invaders. Even if you chop me Cha'ng Kuo-tao, a careerist who at that up in two, you can't break up my ties with time had usurped the leadership of the Fourth Mao Tsetung. Front Army, was stepping up his underhand Persisting in his sinister scheme, Chang activities of Right flightism and of splitting the Kuo-tao again applied highhanded piessure on Party and the Red Army. His vain attempt to Commander-in-Chief Chu in an attempt to take over supreme leadership in the Central bring him around. In September, a meeting.of Cornmittee and the Red was Army sternly crit- the Szechuan provincial Party committee was icized by the Party Central Committee headed called at Ahpa at which Commander-in-Chief by Chairman Mao. Chu and Comrade Liu Po-cheng were struggled Consequently, Chang resorted to double- against for three days. At the meeting, Chang

Z8 Peking Reuierp, No. 5I attacked the Party Central Committee and opposed Chairman Mao, while trying to force Commander-in-Chief Chu to agree with him. Ccimmander- iir-Chi;f Chu repeated his stand to comrades at the meeting, explaining that the decision. of the Party Central Committee was correct and Chairman Mao must not be opposed-

After he had openly broken away from the Party Central Committee, Chang Kuo-tao brought the troops to Tienchuan and Lushan on the border of Szechuan ,.and Sikang (a provinee, abolished in 1955, lying between Szechuan and Tibet). There he had the impudence to set up a bogus central committee in early October 1935. Trying to placate Commander-in-Chief Chu Teh, he offered to make him a member of the "central committee." Comrade Chu Teh sternly told him: I don't like what you are doing. We must not Comrades-ln-Arms. SculDture of Comrodes Mao oppose the Party Central Committee, Tsetuug, Chou Dn-trai and Chu Teh. we must accept its leadership. bg Chtu Qtih-hoi anil, others

At his wits' end, Chang Kuo-tao now resorted to gangsterism. He forced Comrade Chu mander-in-Chief Chu and Comrade Liu Po- Teh to Ieave the general headquarters, remov- cheng strongly advocated that the Second Front ed his bodyguards, stopped his food ration, and Army should also march northward and join took away his riding horse. He ereated fric- forces with the Fourth Front Army. Comrade .between tion and sowed discord the First and Chu Teh tried many times to persuade Chang the Fourth Front Armies, and stopped at noth- Kuo-tao to move north to fight the Japanese ing to gaiir his ends. Commander-in-Chief invaders. Beeause the cadres in the Fourth Front Army had gradually come to things Chu, having the interests of the Party at heart see in the proper light, and as a result of the suc- from first to last and having faith in the cessful activities of the Second Front Army in masses, surmounted all kinds of difficulties, the Yunnan-Kweichow plus the fact that went deep among the masses to carry out areas, Kantze is a tableland unfavourable for large- political and ideological work and repeatedly scale operations, Kuotao's explained the great significance of the policy military Chang schemes were standstill and he of going north to resist Japanese aggression brought to a was forced to join hands with the Sec' and the importance of strengthening Party to agree unity. ond Front Army and march north. The troops under. Qhang Kuo-tao were The two armies finally joined forces at attacked by heavy enemy forces and suffered Kantze in June 19E6; Commander-in-Chief Chu, heavy casualties. They were forced to with- together with Comrades Liu Po-cheng, Jen draw westward to Kantze. At this time, the Pi-shih, Ho Lung and Kuan Hsiang-ying, Second Front Aimy had left the base area in firmly upheld the correct line of the Party the border region of Hunan, Hupeh, Szechuan Central Committee. Renegade Chang Kuo-tao, and Kweichow on the Long March. Com- whose plot had collapsed, could not but dissolvg

Decernber 22, 1978 29 his bogus central committee and jOined the socialism. He visited the Taching Oilfield,and northbound march. But he changed his mind the Tachai Production Brigade (national pace- once more when they reached southern Kansu, setters in industry and agriculture - ?r.) and and wanted to lead the troops west. Com- spoke highly of the significant achievements mander-in-Chief Chu again and again strug- made by.the workers and peasants there under gled against his line of flightism and after the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary many twists and turns the Fourth Front Army line. He was concerned about our army build- finally succeeded in joining forces with the ing and often went to the units to make first- First and Second Front Armies at Huining. hand inquiries and give instructions on meas- Kansu, in Oclober 1936 and this triumphantly ures for preparedness against war. concluded the Long March. 'of In 19?3, at 8?, Chairman Chu Teh twice Chairman Mao spoke highly Com- inspected the Military and Political College of mander-in-Chief Chu, saying that his struggle the People's Liberation Army and told people against Chang Kuo-tao was carried out on just there that they must conscientiously study the grounds but with restraint, that he had stood works of Mafx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and firm when principle was involved, that his those of Chairman Mao, uphold the Party's mind was as broad as the vast sea and- his will basic line and make ai deeF-going criticism of power as strong as steel. Lin Piao's revisionist line; that they must put the college on a sound basis, improve the train- A Lilelong Revolutionory ing programme for cadres and raise the combat effectiveness of the troops to guard against Aiter China entered the historical phase of Soviet social-imperialist subversion and aggres- socialist revolution in 1949, Comrade Chu Teh sion and be ready to liberate China's territory persevered in the ,same kind 'of revolution'ary Taiwan at any time. He also talked to us.about spirit he had displayed in the war years and revolutionary 'traditions, enjoined us to in continuing the revolution under the dictator- strengthen unity, keep and carry forward the proletariat, guard- ship of the and opposed and fine style of work of our Party and army and ed against revisionism until he breathed his restore the traditions undermined by Lin Piao. last. He went to inspect national defence industrial One basic question confronting the Chinese plants many times, pointing out that their people after the founding of the People's production must be geared to the requirements Republic was whieh road to take. ' Firmly of both peace time and war, and to both mili- standing at Chairman Mao's side, Comrade Chu tary and civilian needs. Teh persisted in going the socialist road, warm- adherent of ly upheld the Party's general line in the period Chairman Chu Teh was an opposing of transition and supported the revolu- Chairman Mao's strategic decision of ?ctively Accord- tionary movement of socialist transformation. the Soviet revisionist renegade elique. paid great struggle He had sternly warned the bourgeois Rightists: ingly, he attention to the combat guard against revisionism; he "Our country is now a socialist country led by to and colours Soviet revi- the Communist Party. Those who refuse to laid bare the true of the many statements accept the leadership of the proletariat and re- sionist renegades in of his poems. fuse to work for the proletariat will be dis- and carded by history." During the Great Proletarian Cultural After he became Chairman of the Standing Revolution initiated and led by Chairman Mao, Committee of the National People's Congress in Chairman Chu Teh persistently upheld Chair- 1954, though advanced in years, he often went man Mao's revolutionary line and waged deter- on inspection tours, maintained extensive con- mined struggles against the three bourgeois tacts with the masses, warmly supported the headquarters of Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao and the revolutionary mass movements and encouraged "gang of four." When some comrades asked everyone to work. hard for greater, faster, him to pay attention to his personal safety just better and more economical results in building in case Lin Piao and the "gang of'four" should

30 Peking Reoi,era, No. 5I make an attempt on his life, he said calmly: road of capitalism is doomed to fail. Whoever "Let's not worry about this; we must have goes against the will of the revolutionary peo- faith in the masses; bad people are very few ple will inevitably be thrown into the dustbin in number." of history. This has been borne out by the march of history. After the Lin Piao anti-Party clique had collapsed, the "gang of four" stepped up their Only three months after the death of Com- underhand counter-revolutionary activities aim- rade Chu Teh, Chairmdn Hua, carying out the ed at toppling Vice-Chairman Teng llsiao-ping behests of Chairman Mao, led our Party, our of the Central Committee of the Party and army and our people in overthrowing at one many other leading comrades of the Party, stroke the "gang of four" which had done so government and army to facilitate the gang's much harm to the state and the people. What aim of usurping Party and state leadership and Chairman Chu Teh had looked forward to in restoring capitalism in various aspects of life. his lifetime finally came true. Chairman Chu Teh saw through this manoeuvre Chairman Chu has left us but his great stat- and put up a resolute struggle against this anti- ure, his fine qualities and his brilliant exploits Party clique. He was enraged by what the will remain deeply imbedded in the memory of gang did and came the conclusion that no to the people. one but'Kuomintang secret agents would be so base as to commit such crimes. Notes In March 19?6, he wrote A four-character inscription '!Be a Life-Long Revolutionary" I Tung Meng Hui. Its fuII name is the China Revolutionary revolutionary and gave League. It was a it to a comrade to show his determina- political party of the Chinese bourgeoisie founded tion to persevere in continuing the revolution in 1905 on the initiative of Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866- under the dictatorship of the proletariat and 1925). Under his leadership, it set up organiza- tions both at home and abroad and launched quite fight revisionism to the end. He also told some a number of armed uprisings. Its uprising in leading comrades concerned at that time: Wuchang in 1911 ended up in a nationwide revolu- China's international prestige must go up, not tion which toppted China's monarchy and founded the Republic China. was reorganized into down; so is our national economy. He of It the Kuomintang in 1912. instructed a comrade in charge to surmount difficulties, sweep aside interference and push ...2 Tsai O (1882-1916). Tsai O studied in Japan in his early years, staled an armed revolt in Kun- the national economy forward. Shortly be- ming, Yunnan Ptovince, during the outbreak of fore his death when chatting with his aides, he the Revolution of 1911, and became military gover- expressed his wish to live to see the fulfilment nor of Yunnan in charge of military and adminis- province. of Fifth Five-Year Plan. trative affairs in the When Yuan Shih- the kai deelared the restoration of monarchy in 1915, he organized the Army of National Salvation At the end of June, he suddenly fell ill and in Yunnan to take punitive action against Yuan. was kept in bed. At the time of his death he He brought his troops to Szechuan and engaged was still concerned about the future and the Yuan's troops in fierce battles. Later, he became destiny of our Party and state. To some.lead- the military commander of Szechuan and concur- rently its governor, and died soon afterwards. ing .comrades of the central authorities who 3Yuan went to see him at the hospital, he said mean- Shih-kai (1859-1916). A former man- darin of the Ching government, and later chieftain ingfuily: Unite, be a life-long revolutionary. of the Northern warlords representing the big On his deathbed, still mindful of the "gang of Iandlords and big compradors. During the Rev- four's" interference and sabotage, he said to olution of 1911, he managed to seize the provisional his wife Comrade Kang Ke-ching who lived presidency of the Republic of China. With im- had perialist and fought him as backing, he declared the restoration of with a comrade-in-arms for monarchy in 1915 and then enthroned himself. several. decades: Chairman Mao's revolutionary When Tsai O started a punitive expedition against line has won the hearts of the people, the broad Yuan in Yunnan Province, people in other prov- masses want to carry on the revolution, the inces too responded to his initiative and went into action. The accusing fingers of the whole nation army good stable ..- is and this is the main pointing at him threw him into e panic and he thing. Whoever tries to turn back and take the died in 1916.

December 22, 1978 31 Srcchuon Today (lV) Mountain City Chungking

' by Our Correspondent Chou Chin tllllltlilliltlllIltlillllltilll!tltIIttltItttlItlillltililtrIlilIltllliltltllllllllInIllIIItltI

T OCATED at the confluence of the Yangtze tion, resisting Japanese aggression half-hearted- I-l and Chialing Rivers, the city of Chungking ly while opposing and hunting down the Com- is built on a rocky mountain. Its houses and munists in real earnest. streets go up and down in long flights of In the face of the Japanese imperialists' all- hundreds of steps, following the topography of invasion nationwide popular the hills. out and under pressure, the Kuomintang had been forced to In the 12th century B.C., Chungking was the accept the Chinese Communist Party's proposal capital of a small state known as Pa. In modern for the establishment of an anti-Japanese history, it was a city with a record of humilia- national united front and agreed to co-operate tion. Towards the close of the 19th century, with the Communist Party in resisting Japanese gunboats from imperialist countries like aggression. Comrade Chou En'-lai, Vice-Chair- Britain, France and the United States began to man of the Party Central Committee, was en- take berth at this inland river port. By the trusted by the Party with the task of heading Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) Japan forced the a permanent delegation to Chungking. There, Ching governmept to open Chungking as an of- whenever necessary, he led and aroused the ficial treaty port. Some time later, a large part people in carrying out tit-for-tat struggles of its urban district was turned into a Japanese against the Krlomintang reactionaries. concession, giving this ancient city the touch of a foreign colony. During the War of Re- After V-J Day, while mustering his forces sistance Against Japan between 193? and 1945, to attack the Communist-led liberated areas, it achieved international recognition as the Chiang Kai-shek who professed that he wanted Kuomintang government's "wartime capital." peace, invited Chairman Mao to a peace talk. To give the lie to the Kuomintang authorities, Red Crog Villogc Chairman Mao did arrive in Chungking on 28, 7945 This was a Chungking boasts many historical sites August for negotiations. powerful the which attract sightseers. One of them is Hung blovrr to Kuomintang rumours that Yen Tsun, or Red Crag Village, the former of- Communist Party had no desire for peace; al- fice of the Southern Bureau of the Central Com- though certain agreements were arrived at mittee of the Chinese Communist Party and the during the negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek the 'Chungking office of the Eighth Route Army led dictator had never meant to keep his word. by the Party. It is a three-storeyed building on Soon afterwards, he started a large-scale civil a wooded bluff overlooking the Chialing River. war which, as it turned out, ended up with him- self being driven off the mainland. When the Sino-Japanese war broke out in 1937, the Kuomintang troops were defeated and Today, Kuei Yuan (Cassia Garden) where made one retreat after another, whereupon the Chairman Mao stayed during the Chungking Japanese invaders advanced unchecked to over- negotiations, and Hung Yen Tsun and Tseng run the country. Chiang Kai-shek and his Chia Yen where Comrade Chou En-lai had cohorts evacuated Nanking, the capital, and lived are open to the public. There are always moved first to Wuhan and then to Chungking, endless streams of visitors to these places, which where they continued to lead a life of dissipa- speaks for the profound sentiments the people

3Z Peking Reaiew, No. 5I , Chungking is one of the ' oldest industrial cities in China and its post-liberation industrial development, too, has been quite rapid. The Chungking Iron and Steel Company on the western outskirts, now the ' largest iron and steel comPlex :t' in southwest China, grew from :'' a small plant which was moved from Wuhan during the 3t ,.,=E : War of Resistance Against T r, Japan. At that time the Plant's' r record annual steel output was :--. I -,t, Tao Tung-shih (second'from right), Director of the Bureau ol only 16,000 tons, with litt1e Public Utilities of the Chunsking Munleipality and a former chauf- variety . and naturallY the feur of Comrade Chou En-lai, wlth young workers visiting Com- mark. rade Chou's Tseng Chia Yen office. quality was not uP to the After liberation, a number of have for the late Chairman and the late big plants were built, some smaller ones were Premier. developed in addition to a number of small mines. Today, compared with the pre-libera- Public Porks Revived tion days, the city's steel outpu! has grown steel increased One weekend evening, I was asked by a 60-fold and the output of rolled produces friend to view the city after dusk at Pipashan by 100 times. Chungking alone now Park, which is situated on a vantage point in more steel than the entire nation did before the city district. Known as "the oven," Chung- liberation. king is broilingly hot in summer. Many people The iron and steel industry was a prime come to the top of the mountain in the evening . target for the "gang of four's" disruption of to cool off, chatting over a cup of tea in the production. The Chungking Iron. and Steel hilltop pavilions, playing cards or a game of Company, for one, was badly damaged. The chess. Before liberation, this place, I was told, gang fabricated charges against many cadres used to be the private villa of a Kuomintang and workers, fanned up infighting, and caused warlord and no labouring people were allowed work stoppages so that the factory failed to ful- to go there. A few years ago when the "gang fil its production plan four years running and of .four" was at large, Chungking was a city had to take state loans to pay wages. After the without law and order and people preferred to downfall of the gang, everybody there en- stay at home after dark if they could manage. thusiastically threw himself into the struggle The whole park was deserted. to ferret out the gang's factional ,. righthand As we stood by a railing looking into the men and the confusion they had caused was distance, we could see myriads of flickering clarified. Since May last year, the factory has city lights arid their slightly distorted reflec- been operating in the black with a monthly tions in the two rivers, which made the entire upswing in production. mountain city look like a palace floating on water. My friend, a native of Chungking' eager- The Troils in Szechuon Are No Longer Difficult ly pointed out that those nearby shadows were piers of a Yangtze bridge under construction Szechuan has many rugged mountains, as which would link up the city districts on both described by an ancient poet in a famous poem banks of the Yangtze and Chialing Rivers. And entitled "Difficult Are the Szechuan Trails." in the distance was the new industrial zone. Chungking is no exception. The local inhabi- Most of the 2,600-odd factories in' Chungking tants when coming outdoors have to travel were built after liberation. . . . either uphill or downhill. The use of bicycles

33 December 22, 1978 here is out of the question. Buses and trams are the main means .of communication. People speak highly of the Chungking Transport over the last year. You don't have tg - wait long for a bus and it's orderly on board. Many old- timers say this is also something new. Seveial years ogo, mass transit in Chungking was in a great mess. In the scuffles in- cited by the "gang of four," many vehicles belonging to the Chungking Transport were Mountain city after dusk. by Cheng Shu-fang either deliberately battered or damaged by overcrowdedness; to those who had to travel by bus it sideburns, had just returned for breakfast from was a real ordeal. As often as not, a driving a bus during the six to eight rush hour whole bus route would stop running, so that shift: It was a rule there that all cadres had to workers could not go to work and return home work on the bus lines every morning; those on time, thus directly affecting normal produc- who could drive drove and those who couldn't iion in the factories. acted as conductors. They came back to their office work after the rush hour. So all of them Since last year, Chungking city has made were very familiar with the bus lines and were the problem of public transport an order of the in a position to give timely advice on how to day. The battered vehicles have been repaired, improve the work. Jung's predecessor, now the new ones added, 2{I new bus routes opened with head of the Municipal Bureau of Public Utili- over 100 new stops, and night services made ties, a fellow named Tao, still continues to drive available. The daily number of passengers bus every morning. thanks these handled has. increased from some 400,000 to a It is to 800,000. cadres who always have the inteiests of the masses at heart that the public transport in the I had stayed in Chungking briefly before city has been able to improve its service so liberation. Then, only some limousines owned rapidly. by the few Kuomintang panjandrums and jeeps used by the American G.I.s could be seen From Morkets to Ciry Outskirts speeding along the narrow streets; the few One early morning I took a trolley bus to well-heeled used either rickshas or perched on Tayangkou Market in the heart of Chungking. chairs each carried by two coolies with two The shelves and the floor were piled with egg bamboo poles. As for the labouring masses and plants, white gourds, string beans and tomatoes common city dwellers, they had to travel on foot. fresh from the truck farms. The cheapest were The whole city had only a few dozen ricl

34 Peking Reoieu, No. 5I similar stateowned markets. The farms on the I visited some places where vegetables and outskirts send as much as 1,000 tons of fresh other nori-staple foods tvvere grown, including vegetabies a day to those places-which cater Chunlo Production Brigade which is engaged in to an urban population of 2 million, an average pisciculture in a hilly region. It has' many of half a kilo of vegetables per head. In the ponds in which fry of breams and carps are suburban areas, there are also small rural fairs fed with grass. where the peasants are allqwed to sell produce from their private plots. I was told that the Construction of mechanized pig and chicken amount of marketable vegetables this year was farms, too, is under way. 56 per cent greater than last year, also greater in variety than the previous years. Only two A sprayer system has been widely used on outskirts' vegetable farms,. Praetically ye-ars ago, Qhungking residents were often wor- the ried about the shortage of vegetables and meat. every year Chungking suffers from drought during the surnmer; this year was no exception. To tackle this problem the Chungking With the construction of many reservoirs in the Party committee in August 1975 decided to last two years, more than half of the farms can ensure the supply of vegetables to the city and now be watered by the sprayer system. factory and mining areas. It called on the peo- ple's communes on the city outskirts and in the In the last year or two, the sprayer system vicinity of factories and mines to engage main- has been fairly widely used in Szechuan. The growing job ly in vegetables while doing a good provineial revolutionary committee has given in raising pigs and fish and ln the production priority to construction of small reservoirs and of other non-staple foods. To this end, concrete sprayer 'systems as important means to measures were also adopted. But before this an decision was put into effect, the henchmen of combat drought in the mountainous and hilly tite !'gang of four" berat€d it as "a revisionist regions. Your correspondent travelled all the idea'1 whieh wps only concerned with daily life way to the mountainous Tsuchung County and ,was not revolutionary. The decision was where the peasants laid locally made ceiamic under fire dnd was not carried out until last pipes, stone pipes outwardly rectangular while year. Now Chungking is self:sufficient in veg- hollow and round inside bamboo pipes and etables and it actually shipped 500 tons of plastic pipes on the slopes- for automatic spray- fresh vegetables to Peking during the Spring ing which utilize gravity-generated energy. Festival last February. Corns, dry tice and sugarcane so watered grow very well. From information sup. plied by the provincial agricul- tural department, there are already over 200,000 hectares of farmland irrigated by the sprayer system and more will be brought under the system next year. AII in all, Szechuan now gives your correspondent an impression of great vigour. The difficulties caused by the gang are being quickly removed. People have the drive to work and work in a down- toearth manner. In this large province embracing one-ninth of our population, the tables have turred. This undoubtedly will

produce important effgcts on . the whole. Sprinklefs spreading la Szechuan. country as a

December 22, 7978 the release of all' political ROUND prisoners. WORLD Various countries in the world THE are closely watching develop ments in Iran. World opinion concedes that fran's troubles THREE ASEAN COUNTRIES tion" was set up by Viet Nam have their domestic causes, but to co-ordinate its avowed policy their international background Wory of Honoi's Aggression to irverthrow the Kampuchean is prominently in view, too; Government. This was highlighted by the 'Since the Vietnamese author- The Thai paper, Thai. Rath, remarks and statements made ities .announced on December 3 pointgd out in an article on last month by leaders of the the formation of the puppet December 6: "Kampuchean re- Soviet Union and the United "Kampuchean national united bels announced the setting up States. front for national salvation," of a 'Kampuchean national political figures and the media On November 18, Brezhnev united front for national salva- in Singapore, Thailand, and warned the United States not 'tion' when more than 100,000 Malaysia have watched with to interfere in Iran. i'Any in- Vietnamese troops were de- concern developments in the terference, especially military ployed Kampuchea's border Viet Nam-Kampuchea conflict. near interference, in the affairs of areas. This was an event of no Iran a state which directly At the conclusion of his small importance, it will have - borders on the Soviet Unibn - Thailand visit, Prime Minister ' its impact on the whole of would be regarded by the Lee Kuan Yew 'pointed out at Asia." Sin Cheus Jit Poh of. matter affecting 'December U.S.S.R. as a his L2 press con- Malaysia said in an editorial its security interests," Brezhnev ference in Bangkok that the that in putting up the signboard announced. The Soviet propa- Kampuchean "front" reeently of a "Kampuchean national ganda machine took up the re- formed might very well be united front for national salva- frain, declaring that it was a manipulated by a loreign coun- tion," the Hanoi authorities "timely and serious warning" try. A day earlier, the Singa- were actually making an open and that the Soviet Union porean Prime Minister had told declaration that they were going would not turn a blind eye to reporters at Pattaya Beach Re- into action. "One can now see interference against its neigh- sort that the current conflict clearly the real meaning of the bour. The day after Brezhnev's between Viet Nam and Kam- 25-year treaty of friendship and warning, U.S. Secretary of State puchea could have "serious re- co-operation concluded by Le Cyrus Vance issued a statement percussions" for Thailand and Duan and Pham Van Dong with saying that the United States other ASEAN members. The Brezhnev in Moscow early last wants "other countries to con- supreme command of the Thai month," the editorial added. duct themselves in similar armed forces is also of the view fashign." This stand was clearly that should Kampuchea be IRAN reiterated by U.S. Democrat swallowed up by Viet Nam, the Senate leader Robert C. Byrd impact on Thailand would be Behind the Turmoil' and President Carter separately serious. on November 2? and 30. These December million On 10, a public recriminations arise out Professor Khien Theeravit of people demonstrated in Teheran, of each superpower's own con- the Political College of the capital trouble-racked Iran. of siderations and plans regarding Chulalongkorn University of A statement issued by the dem- Iran. Thailand said to newsmen that onstrators demanded an Is- "the Kampuchean national lamic government in place of The United States holds that united front for national salva- the present, government and it is of strategic signifieance for

36 Peking Retsieu, No. 5I the Unitbd States and the West persecuted. Six leaders of the pressed ahead with its plans for as a whole to maintain friendly South West Africa People's an "election." After talks in relations with a stlong and in- Organization (SWAPO), includ- early October with the for:eign dependent Iran, a major oil- ing its Viee-President Daniel ministers of the above-mention- producer in the Persian GuIf Tjongarero, were arrested. Ac- ed five countrias, the South African regime mulishly persist- area. cording to one Western news The Soviet Union has. been agency, the South African ed in engineering an "election" Namibia. This goes to looking covetowly af Iran's oil authorities will soon call a in all show that Pretoria wants to set resources and strategic position Namibian "constitutional as- up a puppet regime under its for a long and Iran's sembly" in which the Demo- time, since in Namibia and keep the cratic Turnhalle Alliance sup- control troubles started, it has shown eountry under its colonial thurhb increasing willingness to poke ported by the South African predicted hold as it has been doing since 1915. its nose into the affairs of the regime is to sway. This is a move by the Namibian other country. A recent foreign news- The and South African authorities to rig African people simply spurned paper article reported that the up a regime which is nominally the "election." On Decernber Soviet Union already de- had independent so as to maintain 2 and 3, people in Windhoek ployed a Persian-speaking in- control of Namibia.. demorutrated against holding fantry division along the Soviet- In recent years, the Namibian a bogus "election." SWAPO Iranian border. The Timcs of people, with the support of the categorically denounced the Britain editorialized that Brezh- people of Africa and the rest of "election" and announced that nev's recent warning against the world, have been carrying it would carry the armed U.S. intervention in Iran's in- on a fight which includes guer- struggle against the South Af- be seen as ternal-affairs "could rilla warfare to win national in- rican regime through to the end. preparing the way for a Soviet dependence, eliminate racism, The Organization of African intervention ostensibly in de- gain national liberation and Unity and various national- fence of Iranian sovereignty," state independence. This strug- liberation organizations in Kenyan Daily its gle is growing and the South The Notiorz in South Africa the Pan- December pointed African racist regime finding - I editorial Africanist Congress of Azania out that "the Soviets have itself very the pariah has been resorting to various political and the African National Con- already sounded a harsh warn- gress Africa, as well skulduggery along with in- of South ing for the United States to as public opinion in other Af- stand clear of This signals tensified arrned suppression. Iran. rican countries denounced the a Russian iniention to exploit Earlier this year in April, the announced they the Iranian crisis in ways that racist regime had ostensibly ac-' fraud and would not recognize the results can only be imagined." cepted a solution to the Nami- of bogus election- bian problem put forward by this SOUTH AFRICA the United States, Britain, West Chen Chu, Vice-Chairman of Germany, Canada and France, the Chinese Delegation to the Rigged Election in Nomibio as well as the U.N. Security current session of the United Council resolution for a U.N.- Nations 'General Assembly, on The five-day in "election" supervised poll leading to the December 8 sternly denounced Namibia starting December 4 fraud staged by territory's independence. How- the "election" was a farce stage-managed by the South African authorities. African the South African racist regime. ever, the South China has always firmly main- During the "election," large authoritie has been doing all it tained that the Namibian pdople numbers of troops and po.lice could to delay and forestall their should attain genuine national were used to drive Namibians at implementation. On September independenie on the basis of the point of a bayonet to reg- 20, il turned down the U.N. territorial integrity and unifica- ister. Those who boycotted the Secretary-General's plan for tion and free from any external "election" were harassed and Namibia's independence and interference, he declared.

December 22, 7978 37 AIso on show are 550 works CULTURE AND SCIENCE of many famow painters and calligraphers dating from the 10th century onwards. Y oluable Relics Exhibited A square tsun-beaker for wine (see photo 1) is a rare piece of Deportment The 2,000 pieces of valuable. Electing bronze of the Shang Dynasty relics from different parts of Directors (c. 16th-1lth B.C.), a Chirla now on display in century period renowned for its bronze elected Peking's Palace Museum in- Two directors were casting techniques. The whole first clude: by secret ballot for the vessel is deoorated with designs time at the No. 1 research de- . A coloured pottery jar made of monster masks, and four partment of the Chine.se Acad- in the neolithic era about 5.000 animals with bird-shaped bodies emy of Sciences' Institute of years ago was contribrrted by a and ox-like heads stand. on the Theoretical Physics. peasant woman in Kansu four corners of the shoulder. A Earlier this year, Vice-Chair- Province. It is elegantly shaped sacrificial animal head protrudes rrtan Teng Hsiao-ping announced and the workmanship is ex- from the centre of each side of at the Ninth National Trade quisite. the vessel. This bronze fsun was Union Congress factory restored piece by,piece from that workshop directors could be large nurnbers of bronze frag- elected by the workers them- ments contained in 700 sacks. It selves. Enlightened 'by this, is a tribute to the patience and members of the No. 1 research skiil of the archaeological and department proposed that their bronze-smelting workers . of own leading members be Changsha in central China's elected by themselves. Their Hunan Province. proposal was approved by the A 5O0-year

38 Peking Reoieut, No. 5I to excavate. Though shale is ON THE HOME FRONT *..O.'O'...O* low in heat yielding, it can be 'used as fuel for households and Dfia,o Natlona.tritg dance the girls exchange hand- as fuel or raw' material for in- Festloal kerchiefs they have embroider- dustriat production. Moreover, ed for silver necklaees with the many rare . metals can be HE Miao people living in a young men of their fancy. recovered from it. national autonomous pre- fecture in southwest China's On the last night of the fes- Yiyang'Prefecture in Hunan Kweiihow Province marked tival, every family sets out a Province has mined about a their traditional New Year With long table with rich dishes and million tons of shale each year a celebration lasting from bowls of wine made from glu- for power plants. In Chekiang November 14 to 22. tinous rice. Family members Province it is widely used in the to chemical fertilizer, textile, silk With a population of close to seat themselves according: paper making, 3 million, the'Miao nationality seniority and over a bowl of reeling, b."*"ry, wine the men play power and other industries. is one of the more than 50 "guess-fin- women sing minority nationalities in China. gers" while the More than one half of the Miao songs as they toast each other Neu Stgles tor people live in Kweichow. with rice wine. Students The Miao nationality's New Rieh'IDeposit* of l2o new styles of Year is by tradition a "harvest- flVfn Bitanninoas Sha,le v clothes for students have home" festival and when the been designed by the Peking young men and women get mar- RECENT survey shows that A Clothing Designing Institute. ried. During this festival vil- / r Chi.," has more than 100,000 They will soon be made by the lages and homes are hung with million tons of bituminous shale clothing factories. colourful lanterns and gaily reserves scattered over 200 coun- decorated and firecrackers ties and covering an area of The new styles range from resound all day. Ttre number 400,000 square kilometres. spring to winter wear for stu- married this year has been par- dents in colleges, middle and China has rich deposits of ticularly large and the proces- irimary schools, including coal, oil and natural gas, but in sions of merry bands of brides- shirts, trousers, sports and holi- order to make full use of the maids richly attired in national day attire, and gay dresses and country's energy resources, it costumes and silver hairpins ac- skirts for girls. They will be attaches great importance to compa.nying brides to the on show a! a national clothing using low heat fuel, such as grooms' homes seemed longer exhibition some time next bituminous shale, gangue and and gayer. month. peat. After a traditional wedding, The Ministries of Education Bituminous shale is mostly each ni:wly married couple to- and r,ight Industry requested found in the southern provinces gether with their guests goes to clothing companies throughout which are short of high-grade the Lusheng Hall (Reed Pipe tlie country to provide plain- coal. Tapping this kind of re- Ilall) in their village to cele- looking, attractive, neat and sources will contribute to brate the occasion. O1d men comfortable clothing for the ending the shippiirg of coal beat bronze drums while the students. The Peking designs from north to south China. young men, playing their big were selected out of a total of and small reed pipes, dance The shale seams are mostly 230 by designers at four major with, the girls. During the exposed, and are thick and easy clothing factories in Peking.

December 22, 1978 39 F. itr* i MAO TSETT]I\G E '* .L f POEMS s 4 /\ . lt- + = n f =" (Eruglish B edition) ,). fr. tr ,rt /l a = A collection of 39 of Chairman Mao Tsetung's poems written )t between 1925 and 1965. :

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