Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield
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Sanctuary Zones Regional Impact Assessment Statement: Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield Anthony Kosturjak, Steve Whetton, Michael O’Neil and Mark Trevithick Goyder Institute for Water Research Technical Report Series No. 15/43 www.goyderinstitute.org Goyder Institute for Water Research Technical Report Series ISSN: 1839-2725 The Goyder Institute for Water Research is a partnership between the South Australian Government through the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, CSIRO, Flinders University, the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia. The Institute will enhance the South Australian Government’s capacity to develop and deliver science-based policy solutions in water management. It brings together the best scientists and researchers across Australia to provide expert and independent scientific advice to inform good government water policy and identify future threats and opportunities to water security. The following Associate organisations contributed to this report: Enquires should be addressed to: Goyder Institute for Water Research Level 1, Torrens Building 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000 Tel: 08-8303 8952 e-mail: [email protected] Citation Kosturjak, A, Whetton, S, O’Neil, M and Trevithick, M, 2015, Sanctuary Zones Regional Impact Assessment Statement: Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield. Goyder Institute for Water Research Technical Report Series No. 15/43, Adelaide, South Australia. Copyright © 2015 South Australian Centre for Economic Studies (SACES). To the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of South Australian Centre for Economic Studies (SACES). Disclaimer The Participants advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research and does not warrant or represent the completeness of any information or material in this publication. Sanctuary Zones Regional Impact Assessment Statement: Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield Contents Contents Abbreviations and Glossary i Acknowledgements i Executive Summary ii 1. Introduction 1 2. Background 2 2.1 Establishment of Marine Parks and Sanctuary Zones 2 2.2 Previous Estimates of Potential Impacts 4 2.3 Buybacks of Licences and Quotas 8 3. Method 10 3.1 Choice of Regions 10 3.1.1 Ceduna 10 3.1.2 Kangaroo Island 10 3.1.3 Port Wakefield 13 3.2 Approach 14 3.3 Stakeholders 18 3.3.1 Stakeholders Affected 18 3.3.2 Stakeholders Consulted 18 3.4 Data Limitations 19 4. Community Survey 22 4.1 Methods 22 4.2 Results 22 5. Ceduna 28 5.1 Social-economic Indicators 29 5.1.1 Socio-economic Profile 29 5.1.2 Economic Structure 31 5.1.3 Economic and Social Indicators 32 5.2 Commercial Fisheries 44 5.2.1 Abalone Fishery 44 5.2.2 Rock Lobster Fishery 46 5.2.3 Marine Scalefish Fishery 48 5.2.4 Charter Boat Fishery 50 5.3 Evidence for Economic Impact 50 5.4 Consultations 52 5.5 Environmental Impact 55 6. Kangaroo Island 56 6.1 Social-economic Indicators 57 6.1.1 Socio-economic Profile 57 6.1.2 Economic Structure 59 6.1.3 Economic and Social Indicators 61 6.2 Commercial Fisheries 72 6.2.1 Abalone Fishery 72 6.2.2 Rock Lobster Fishery 72 6.2.3 Marine Scalefish Fishery 77 6.2.4 Charter Boat Fishery 78 6.3 Evidence for Economic Impact 79 6.4 Consultations 82 6.5 Environmental Impact 88 7. Port Wakefield (Wakefield) 89 7.1 Social-economic Indicators 90 7.1.1 Socio-economic Profile 90 7.1.2 Economic Structure 92 7.1.3 Economic and Social Indicators 94 7.2 Commercial Fisheries 102 7.2.1 Abalone Fishery 102 7.2.2 Rock Lobster Fishery 102 7.2.3 Marine Scalefish Fishery 102 7.2.4 Charter Boat Fishery 105 7.3 Evidence for Economic Impact 105 7.4 Consultations 107 7.5 Environmental Impact 115 The Goyder Institute for Water Research Final Report: 1 October 2015 Contents Sanctuary Zones Regional Impact Assessment Statement: Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield 8. Broader Impacts 116 8.1 Economic Factors 117 8.1.1 Retail Prices 117 8.1.2 Boat Registrations 121 8.2 Commercial Fisheries 121 8.2.1 Abalone Fishery 122 8.2.2 Rock Lobster Fishery 126 8.2.3 Marine Scalefish Fishery 127 8.2.4 Charter Boat Fishery 133 8.2.5 State-wide Impact on the Value of Catch 134 8.2.6 Impact on the Value of Catch, Selected Regions 135 9. Conclusion and Recommendations 139 Bibliography 145 Appendix A: Region Maps 147 Appendix B: Stakeholder Consultations: List of People and Organisations Consulted 154 Appendix C: Fisheries Management Change Summaries 155 Appendix D: Spatial Areas Used for Fisheries Management 160 Appendix E: Disclaimer and Metadata for Maps 164 Appendix F: Environmental Indicators – Ceduna 167 Appendix G: Environmental Indicators – Kangaroo Island 179 Appendix H: Environmental Indicators – Port Wakefield 198 Appendix I: Allocation of Ports to Regions, Fisheries Administrative Data 206 This report was prepared by the following SACES researchers: Anthony Kosturjak, Senior Research Economist Steve Whetton, Deputy Director Associate Professor Michael O’Neil, Executive Director Mark Trevithick, Research Economist Disclaimer: This study, while embodying the best efforts of the investigators is but an expression of the issues considered most relevant, and neither SACES, the investigators, nor the Universities can be held responsible for any consequences that ensue from the use of the information in this report. Neither SACES, the investigators, nor the Universities make any warranty or guarantee regarding the contents of the report, and any warranty or guarantee is disavowed except to the extent that statute makes it unavoidable. Final Report: 1 October 2015 The Goyder Institute for Water Research Sanctuary Zones Regional Impact Assessment Statement: Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield Page i Abbreviations and Glossary ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics DEWNR Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources CPUE Catch per unit effort (a measure of productivity in commercial fisheries) FTE Full-time equivalent (a measure of job impact expressed in terms of hours worked by full- time workers) GSP Gross State Product (a measure of the total market value of all goods and services produced in the state) MFA Marine Fishing Area (spatial administrative unit for recording fisheries data) MP Marine Park MSF Marine scalefish fishery PIRSA Department of Primary Industries and Regions, South Australia SACES South Australian Centre for Economic Studies SALM Small Area Labour Markets SARDI South Australian Research and Development Institute SAU Spatial Assessment Unit SZ Sanctuary zone TACC Total allowable commercial catch Acknowledgements SACES would like to thank the various individuals and organisations that supported and helped inform the Regional Impact Assessment Statement. In particular, we would like to thank the commercial fishers in the various regions for taking the time to meet and provide feedback on their experiences, including industry representatives and regional representatives for the main fisheries who helped organise access to fishers. Similarly, we thank those individuals and organisations that provided submissions and responded to our enquiries. The level of analysis undertaken would not have been possible without the support of staff of DEWNR, PIRSA, SARDI and the State Government Marine Parks Regional Impacts Working Group who provided background information, access to various data, identified relevant stakeholders, and clarified various issues as they arose. We would also like to thank the peer reviewers for providing insightful comments on the draft report which allowed us to make a range of improvements to the report. Any remaining errors, omissions or misinterpretations of data are the authors’ own. The Goyder Institute for Water Research Final Report: 1 October 2015 Page ii Sanctuary Zones Regional Impact Assessment Statement: Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield Executive Summary Background The following Regional Impact Assessment Statement (RIAS) summarises the results of an investigation into the economic, social and environmental impacts of marine park sanctuary zones (SZ) on the South Australian communities of Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield. The aim of the RIAS is to “identify the actual negative and positive impacts of the sanctuary zones on these communities” and assess “effects on employment, existing businesses, capital investment, average income, local population and future development potential” (State Government statement, October 2014). The South Australian Centre for Economic Studies (SACES) is a joint research unit between the University of Adelaide and Flinders University. As a partner of the Goyder Institute for Water Research, SACES was engaged by the Goyder Institute as independent experts to undertake the RIAS. Management plans for the State’s 19 marine parks were adopted in 2012. As part of the subsequent final management plans for marine parks, zoning for 83 SZs covering about 6 per cent of the state’s waters was established. Provisions relating to the prohibition of commercial and recreational fishing in the SZs came into effect on 1 October 2014. In addition to providing habitat protection, SZs are designed to have long-term benefits for a range of species in terms of changes in size and/or abundance (Bailey et al. 2012a) that may have positive socio-economic impacts. However, in the short term there are valid concerns that there may be some socio-economic impacts for commercial and recreational fishers and regional communities due to the loss of fishing grounds and displacement of fishing effort. In response to this concern, the State Government pledged to complete a RIAS by 1 October 2015 for three regions – Ceduna, Kangaroo Island and Port Wakefield. Methodology and Limitations The RIAS was undertaken using a mixed methods approach involving analysis of existing economic and social indicators, including commercial fisheries data; economic modelling to estimate broader flow-on economic impacts for the regions; consultations with regional stakeholders; and conduct of a community survey to gauge community attitudes.