TOOLS of SCIENCE the Metric System

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TOOLS OF SCIENCE The Metric System 1 What’s the Metric System?? The Metric System is a way of measuring based on the number 10 This was an easy way for early man to keep track of things Can you guess why? That’s easy…. What do the letters SI The French revised it so it is mean??? called THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM ( System International) 2 The Metric System uses certain tools and units of measure: Measurement Tool Picture Basic More units Unit Length Meter stick Meter Centimeter (cm) (m) Millimeter (mm) Kilometer (Km) Measurement Tool Picture Basic More units Unit Volume Graduated Liter Centiliter (cl) Cylinder (L) or Milliliter (ml) (l) Kiloliter (kl) Cubic centimeter cm3 Volume (definition) = how much space something takes up 3 How do I read a graduated cylinder?? Look at the graduated cylinder at eye level Find the Meniscus Measure the liquid at the lowest point of the meniscus 4 How does the graduated cylinder find volume of an object??? Think about the definition of Volume. How can we use that definition to find the volume?? When we drop an irregular object into the liquid, the liquid is pushed up or displaced. The amount that the liquid is displaced is the volume of the object. This is called Volume by Displacement 5 Cubic Centimeter Cm3 This is the unit used for volume of a regular c shaped object (this will be measured with a meter stick) Measurement Tool Picture Basic More Unit Units Mass Balance Grams Milligram (g) (mg) Kilogram (kg) Mass (definition): The amount of matter in an object 6 Measurement Tool Picture Basic Unit Temperature Thermometer Degrees Celcius o o Freezing: 0 C (32 F English measure) Boiling: 100o C (212oF English measure) Converting Temperature Celsius to Fahrenheit Fo= 1.8(Co) + 32 7 METRIC CONVERSION Kilo- 1000 units Hecto- 100 units Deka- 10 units Basic Unit deci- 0.1 units centi- 0.01 units milli- 0.001 units 8 .

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Metric System Units of Length
Math 0300 METRIC SYSTEM UNITS OF LENGTH Þ To convert units of length in the metric system of measurement The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter. All units of length in the metric system are derived from the meter. The prefix “centi-“means one hundredth. 1 centimeter=1 one-hundredth of a meter kilo- = 1000 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m) hecto- = 100 1 hectometer (hm) = 100 m deca- = 10 1 decameter (dam) = 10 m 1 meter (m) = 1 m deci- = 0.1 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 m centi- = 0.01 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 m milli- = 0.001 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 m Conversion between units of length in the metric system involves moving the decimal point to the right or to the left. Listing the units in order from largest to smallest will indicate how many places to move the decimal point and in which direction. Example 1: To convert 4200 cm to meters, write the units in order from largest to smallest. km hm dam m dm cm mm Converting cm to m requires moving 4 2 . 0 0 2 positions to the left. Move the decimal point the same number of places and in the same direction (to the left). So 4200 cm = 42.00 m A metric measurement involving two units is customarily written in terms of one unit. Convert the smaller unit to the larger unit and then add. Example 2: To convert 8 km 32 m to kilometers First convert 32 m to kilometers. km hm dam m dm cm mm Converting m to km requires moving 0 .
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How Are Units of Measurement Related to One Another?
UNIT 1 Measurement How are Units of Measurement Related to One Another? I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind... Lord Kelvin (1824-1907), developer of the absolute scale of temperature measurement Engage: Is Your Locker Big Enough for Your Lunch and Your Galoshes? A. Construct a list of ten units of measurement. Explain the numeric relationship among any three of the ten units you have listed. Before Studying this Unit After Studying this Unit Unit 1 Page 1 Copyright © 2012 Montana Partners This project was largely funded by an ESEA, Title II Part B Mathematics and Science Partnership grant through the Montana Office of Public Instruction. High School Chemistry: An Inquiry Approach 1. Use the measuring instrument provided to you by your teacher to measure your locker (or other rectangular three-dimensional object, if assigned) in meters. Table 1: Locker Measurements Measurement (in meters) Uncertainty in Measurement (in meters) Width Height Depth (optional) Area of Locker Door or Volume of Locker Show Your Work! Pool class data as instructed by your teacher. Table 2: Class Data Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Width Height Depth Area of Locker Door or Volume of Locker Unit 1 Page 2 Copyright © 2012 Montana Partners This project was largely funded by an ESEA, Title II Part B Mathematics and Science Partnership grant through the Montana Office of Public Instruction.
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Measuring in Metric Units BEFORE Now WHY? You Used Metric Units
Measuring in Metric Units BEFORE Now WHY? You used metric units. You’ll measure and estimate So you can estimate the mass using metric units. of a bike, as in Ex. 20. Themetric system is a decimal system of measurement. The metric Word Watch system has units for length, mass, and capacity. metric system, p. 80 Length Themeter (m) is the basic unit of length in the metric system. length: meter, millimeter, centimeter, kilometer, Three other metric units of length are themillimeter (mm) , p. 80 centimeter (cm) , andkilometer (km) . mass: gram, milligram, kilogram, p. 81 You can use the following benchmarks to estimate length. capacity: liter, milliliter, kiloliter, p. 82 1 millimeter 1 centimeter 1 meter thickness of width of a large height of the a dime paper clip back of a chair 1 kilometer combined length of 9 football fields EXAMPLE 1 Using Metric Units of Length Estimate the length of the bandage by imagining paper clips laid next to it. Then measure the bandage with a metric ruler to check your estimate. 1 Estimate using paper clips. About 5 large paper clips fit next to the bandage, so it is about 5 centimeters long. ch O at ut! W 2 Measure using a ruler. A typical metric ruler allows you to measure Each centimeter is divided only to the nearest tenth of into tenths, so the bandage cm 12345 a centimeter. is 4.8 centimeters long. 80 Chapter 2 Decimal Operations Mass Mass is the amount of matter that an object has. The gram (g) is the basic metric unit of mass.
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Gravity and Coulomb's
Gravity operates by the inverse square law (source Hyperphysics) A main objective in this lesson is that you understand the basic notion of “inverse square” relationships. There are a small number (perhaps less than 25) general paradigms of nature that if you make them part of your basic view of nature they will help you greatly in your understanding of how nature operates. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, yet it is the dominant force in the universe for shaping the large-scale structure of galaxies, stars, etc. The gravitational force between two masses m1 and m2 is given by the relationship: This is often called the "universal law of gravitation" and G the universal gravitation constant. It is an example of an inverse square law force. The force is always attractive and acts along the line joining the centers of mass of the two masses. The forces on the two masses are equal in size but opposite in direction, obeying Newton's third law. You should notice that the universal gravitational constant is REALLY small so gravity is considered a very weak force. The gravity force has the same form as Coulomb's law for the forces between electric charges, i.e., it is an inverse square law force which depends upon the product of the two interacting sources. This led Einstein to start with the electromagnetic force and gravity as the first attempt to demonstrate the unification of the fundamental forces. It turns out that this was the wrong place to start, and that gravity will be the last of the forces to unify with the other three forces.
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MEMS Metrology Metrology What Is a Measurement Measurable
Metrology • What is metrology? – It is the science of weights and measures • Refers primarily to the measurements of length, MEMS Metrology wetight, time, etc. • Mensuration- A branch of applied geometry – It measure the area and volume of solids from Dr. Bruce K. Gale lengths and angles Fundamentals of Micromachining • It also includes other engineering measurements for the establishment of a flat, plane reference surface What is a Measurement Measurable Parameters • A measurement is an act of assigning a • What do we want to • Pressure specific value to a physical variable measure? • Forces • The physical variable becomes the • Length or distance •Stress measured variable •Mass •Strain • Temperature • Measurements provide a basis for • Friction judgements about • Elemental composition • Resistance •Viscosity – Process information • Roughness • Diplacements or – Quality assurance •Depth distortions – Process control • Intensity •Time •etc. Components of a Measuring Measurement Systems and Tools System • Measurement systems are important tools for the quantification of the physical variable • Measurement systems extend the abilities of the human senses, while they can detect and recognize different degrees of physical variables • For scientific and engineering measurement, the selection of equipment, techniques and interpretation of the measured data are important How Important are Importance of Metrology Measurements? • In human relationships, things must be • Measurement is the language of science counted and measured • It helps us
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The International Bureau of Weights and Measures 1875-1975
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures 1875-1975 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards ""EAU of NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 420 Aerial view of the Pavilion de Breteuil and the immediate environs. To the east, the Seine and the Pont de Sevres; to the northwest, the Pare de Saint-Cloud: between the Pavilion de Breteuil (circled) and the bridge: the Manufacture Nationale de Porcelaine de Sevres. The new laboratories (1964) are situated north of the circle and are scarcely visible; they were built in a way to preserve the countryside. (Document Institute (leographique National, Paris). Medal commeiiKiraUn-i the centennial (if the Convention cif tlie Metre and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. (Desifined by R. Corbin. Monnaie de Paris) The International Bureau of Weights and Measures 1875-1975 Edited by Chester H. Page National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A. and Pan I Vigoiireiix National Physieal Laboratory, U.K. Translation of tlie BIPM Centennial Volume Piibli>lieH on the ocrasioii <>( the lOOth Aniiiver^ai y ol tlie Treaty of tlie Metre May 20, 1975 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Direcior Issued May 1 975 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 420 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 420. 256 pages (May 1975) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1975 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Paper cover Price $3.00 Stock Number 003-003-01408 Catalog Number C13.10:420 FOREWORD The metric system was made legal by Congress in 1866, the United States of America signed the Treaty of the Metre in 1875, and we have been active in international coordination of measurements since that time.
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Metric System.Pdf
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Rtusaeatz Nt,Rnasiivene
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Recruitment of LC3 to Damaged Golgi Apparatus
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Report to AID on a Philippines Survey on Standardization and Measurement Services
TECH NATL INST OF STAND & NIST PUBLICATIONS A111D? OSfilb^ IMBSIR 76-1083 Report to AID on a Philippines Survey on Standardization and Measurement Services Edited by: H. Steffen Peiser Robert S. Marvin Office of International Relations National Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C. 20234 Conducted May 4 17, 1975 Issued June 1 976 The Survey was conducted as a part of the program under the US/NBS/Agency for International Development PASA TA(CE) 5-71 \ epared for gency for International Development * 7L'/b83 epartment of State jCj^ Washington, D. C. 20523 NBSIR 76-1083 REPORT TO AID ON A PHILIPPINES SURVEY ON STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT SERVICES Edited by: H. Steffen Peiser Robert S. Marvin Office of International Relations National Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C. 20234 Conducted May 4 - 17, 1975 Issued June 1 976 The Survey was conducted as a part of the program under the US/NBS/Agency for International Development PASA TA(CE) 5-71 Prepared for Agency for International Development Department of State Washington, D. C. 20523 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Elliot L. Richardson, Secretary Dr. Betsy Ancfcer-Johrtsor At**st*nt Secretly for Science end Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Acting Director i TABLE OF CONTENTS Paee PARTICIPANTS 1 I INTRODUCTION 4 II RECOMMENDATIONS - SUMMARIZED 6 III THE JOINT PROGRAM OF THE SURVEY TEAM 12 IV REPORT OF GROUP A, TECHNICAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT, Group Leader; Dr. Kenneth S. Stephens, School of Industrial & Systems Engineering and Industrial Development Division, Engr. Exp. Station, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 29 V REPORT OF GROUP B, METRICATION Group Leader; Mr.
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Laser Power Measurement: Time Is Money
Laser power measurement: Time is money SEAN BERGMAN Rapid, accurate laser power measurements meet high-throughput needs In nearly every any laser application, it’s necessary to measure laser output power to be able to obtain optimum results. For industrial applications, making power measurements often requires interrupting production and this creates a tradeoff. Specifically, is the cost of stopping or slowing production for laser measurement outweighed by the benefits that making the measurement will deliver? To make this determination, it’s useful to ask some specific questions. These include: How sensitive is my process to variations in laser power? How fast does my laser output typically change, and therefore, how frequently do I need make a laser measurement to keep my process within specification? [Native Advertisement] What is my production throughput? How much bad product will I make, and how much does this scrap cost me, when I delay making a laser measurement for a given amount of time? How long does it take to make the laser measurement, and what is the total cost of this measurement in terms of production downtime or manpower? For high-speed industrial processes based on high-power lasers, the answers to these questions often show that it is not possible to achieve a good tradeoff between measurement frequency and cost. This is because traditional thermopile laser power sensors are relatively slow, so making frequent measurements results in high production downtime. Alternatively, making infrequent measurements can result in high scrap rates. Thermopile power sensors Although they are relatively slow, thermopiles have long been used for measuring high-power lasers because high-speed photodiode detectors saturate at low power levels.
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3.1 Dimensional Analysis
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