RAPH ASIATIC MON OG S .

Arran gements h ave been m a de for the publica tion of the following

’ - . a on (1) CERINI (Lieut . Col G . Rese rches Ptolemy s

In th e P res . Geography . ( s )

2 a a a . ( ) WINTERNITZ (Dr . C t logue of S nskrit MS S ’ a a a an in the Roy l Asi tic Society s Libr ry , with

A . . a . 8vo . . ppendix by Mr . F W Thom s ; pp xvi ,

4 . P d 6 . 3 0 5 s . 83 . ( rice , or . to members )

3 I CHF L D r a ( ) H RS E (D . New Rese rches into the

4 . Composition an d E xegesis of t h e Qoran . to ;

1 P 3 d . 5 5 . 5 s . o r 3 . 6 . . pp ( rice , to members )

4 AM T a a . ( ) D ES (M . Longworth) . h e B loch R ce A

5 s . a an d E a . Historic l thnologic l Sketch (Price ,

or 3 3 . d . 6 . to members )

f n (5 ) LE STRAN G E (Guy) . Description o Persia a d

a a a 1 340 A . D . Mesopot mi in the ye r , from the

Nu zh at - al - of a - a Mustawfi Kulub H md All h , with

a summ ary of the contents of th at work . (Price

5 s . 3 3 . (id . . , or to members )

‘ (6) BROWNE (Professor E . Ch ahar Ma qala ( Four ’ ' idh i - i - i - - Discourses ) of N _ am Arud i Sam a rqan di . (Price

M . D . A . O G O F . a 7 D IN T N . A a ( ) C R , S M nu l of

a a 3 6d . Mus lm n Numisma tics . (Price 7 . )

Any persons wishing copies of the printed circulars containing informa tion a s to the Orienta l Transla tion Fund an d A a a a re a the si tic Monogr phs , requested to pply to

E E E A OYAL IATIC O CI TY TH S CR T RY , R AS S E ,

22 AL B MA L T T , E R E S REE ,

LONDON , W . ORIEN TA L TRAN SLATION FUN D

EW S N SERIE .

THE following works of this series a re n o w for sale a t the of a a 22 A a rooms the Roy l Asi tic Society , , lbem rle Street ,

. 10 . 1 08 . a . 9 London , W Price volume , except vols ,

1 a 2 . . . a n d . a a , P rt I (Vols I . II ) of the Persi n histori n Mir ’ ’ ’ Kh wan d s Rauzat - u s - a a a a a S f , or G rden of Purity , tr nsl ted

. E . Reh a tsek an d a by Mr , cont ining the Moslem Version of o ur a n d a Bible stories , the lives of the prophets from Ad m

a n d 1 1 an d 1 8 2 . to Jesus , other historic al m atter . 89 9

4 . 3 . f a a a . . an d . o o , P rt II (Vols I II ) the b ve , cont ining a an d a a a an full det iled life of Muh mm d the Apostle , with a a a ppendix bout his wives , concubines , children , secret ries , 1 a . 89 3 . serv nts , etc l 5 . a f a Vo . . . o a P rt II ( III ) the bove , cont ining the lives c c ° o f a Um ar Uth m an an d a Abu B kr , , , Ali , the immedi te f 1 4 . successors o Muh amm a d . 89

6 . a a s a a a a a The K th Ko , collection of J in stories , tr nsl ted

A . 1 . . M 8 a a . a 95 from S nscrit M nuscripts by C H T wney , ’

1 6 . . IDDIN G a a a a . 89 7 R (Miss C . Ban s K d mb ri f O L d . OMA o 8 W L E . an H S . C E (Professor B . ) Mr T ( Trinity ’

1 . s a . 89 a . a a a a a 7 College , C mbridge) B n s H r C rit

- M am a 1 . I a ts 9 0 STE N GAS S . a , (Dr The l st twenty four k

of A a a al a al a Vol . bu Muh mm d K sim H riri , forming II ' Ch e n e ry s tra nsla tion o f the first twenty - four Makamats sold

1 . 1 3 . a . . 8 8 5 with it a s Vol . I 9 Price volume h m l 1 . Je ra e e 1 . A T G S ER (Dr The Chronicles of , or the

Hebrew Bible Hi stori ale . A collection of Jewish legends

1 . an d tra ditions transl ated from the Hebrew . 899 1 2 A a o f Mr . . a . D VID S ( s Rhys) A Buddhist m nu l psycho

a oi B . C . a a a logic l ethics the fourth century , being tr nsl tion o f the Dhamma S a nga ni from the Abh idh am m a Pitaka of

1 . the Buddhist Canon . 900 d of 1 . ID n 3 BEVER GE (Mrs . Life a Memoirs Gul a a a A a a t a a b d n Begum , unt of kb r the Gre , tr nsl ted from 1 2 the Persian . 90 . With illustrations .

In prep a ra ti on ’ l A a . N ea r 1 4 . W TTERS Yuan Ch wa n g s Tr vels ( y d rea y . ) h u tt . 1 . A ID a a Va 5 D V S (Professor Rhys) . The K th

1 . E . 6 Ross (Principa l . History of the Selj uks Els iatic fi ocietg monographs .

L IV . V O .

E A E TH B L O CH R AC .

21 h istorical ano E t h nological S ketch .

N TH D A M . GWO R M E LO S .

LOND ON

PU BLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASIA IC SOCIE Y T T ,

22 B MAR E S REE w . , AL E L T T , 1 904 .

THE BA L O CH RA CE

A HIS TORICA L A N D ETHN OLOGIC’AL SK E TCH

THE n ame B aloch is used in two distinct ways by tra vellers

an d a . a a in histori ns In the first pl ce , it is employed s cluding all the ra ces inh abiting the geographic al area shown o n o ur m aps under the n ame of B a lochista n ; an d in the a a s a a i second pl ce , denoting one especi l r ce , known to them an d a s selves their neighbours the B aloch . It is in the a a la tter signific tion th at I employ the word . I t ke it a s a a a a s pplying to the B loch r ce proper , not comprising Brah oi s Numri s a n d of a O an , other tribes Indi n rigin , nor y other ra ces which m ay be found within the limits of the ’ a o f a e or Kh n Kil t territory , the Province of British

a a . a o B lochist n On the other h nd , it does c mprise the a true B loch tribes outside those limits , whether found in a on an d a a Persi the west , or in Sindh the P nj b on the

a . a a a e st In the n tive use of the word , p rt from modern a a a ta a a politic l bound ries , B lochis n includes Persi n B loch a a a a an d ist n , the Kh n t of Kil t , the British Districts of

a a a - a a a Der Gh zi Kh n (with the djoining mount ins) , J cob n d f a a a a o a a s far a s . b d , p rt Shik rpur the Indus Applying of a a Baloch e s m a the test l ngu ge , the true y be considered a s those whose n ative l anguage is (or wa s till recently)

a an d n ot Brah oi a a a . B lochi , , Persi n , Sindhi , J tki , or P shto The spelling an d pronuncia tion of the n ame h ave varied

a Balo ch e s consider bly , but the themselves only use one

a — a a a pronunci tion B loch , with the Short in the first syll ble 1

3 9 8 8 5 8 "T H E BALOC H RACE an d 0 Th f the in the second . e tendency o Modern Persian to substitute 17, for an older 0 everywhere h a s h ad its effect

a a a a in Western B lochist n , where the pronunci tion B luch

a . 0 a an d is , I believe , he rd The sound is historic lly older , 1 a a is recognised in old Persi n dictionaries . Other trib l a as o a are a n mes , such Koch , Hot , D d i , lso frequently a u a s . given wrongly Kuch , Hut , D d i The pronunciation of the vowel in the first sylla ble a s a i a short is unknown mong the people themselves , but Bil h common in India . The form uc or Biluch (Be looch ) m ay be conveniently reta ined for s uch fragments o f the ra ce a s are detached from the m a in stock a n d found a a a s a isol ted in Indi , such the crimin l tribe of the North

a n d E a a a a - West Provinces the stern P nj b , the c mel men o f a a - a Biluch of a a a L hore , or the P shto spe king P ni l in ‘ Dera Ism a il Kha n . The a djectival form B alochi is properly applica ble to the a a an d n ot wh o l ngu ge only , the people , know themselves a a a a a a a only s B loch , which occ sion lly t kes plur l form ,

a a a i s a B loch n , but gener lly used either for the individu l , ‘ ’ a o r collectively for the ra ce . The form the B luchis or ‘ the Belooch e e s frequently found is a mistake . a a da t wo The B loch r ce , in the present y , is divided into a m a a m in groups , which y be c lled

1 a a Bal ch e s . The Sul im ni o ;

2 M kran i Bal h s . . The e oc e

These groups are sep ara ted from ea ch other by a comp a ct

Bra h oi a block of tribes , which occupy the country round Bra h oi s a re a a Kilat . These gener lly cl ssed under two a —a s Jah lawan s o r a an d a a a he ds , Lowl nders , S r w ns , or 2 r a Highl anders . Although some B aloch tribes a e occ sion

1 ’ ‘ ’ V ull e r s - a See Lexicon Persico L tinum , He quotes the ‘ - - F a rhang i Sh u fi ri for the sound 0 .

2 a i a h ld a n d 3 a m a a nd m i n From the B loch words j , below , , bove , ,

’ ’ a m a n t a bcm w rm a s , which corresponds wi h the Persi n or , found in

’ ’ l i d r n dn lw f m T F ars w f m b i h bd n n h b z d s bcm d a rw i . e i , g , g , p , , f , etc h

' ‘ d rs w tm F rs - z a b m d ari va t i on o f F i from d i c is incorrect . A H ISTO RICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETC H 3

l m a a a on at ally inc uded , it y be s id th t , the whole , the J i an d a a a a re Brah oi s an d a o f w ns S r w ns , m ke use the

rah oi or Ki rd ali a a Baloch e s B g l ngu ge , while both groups of ,

a a - a an d Mekrani the Sul im ni to the north e st, the to the

- a n d a a a a south west west , spe k the B lochi l ngu ge in distinct 1 n ll ibl but mutually i te g e dialects . The Baloch e s found throughout Sind an d the Panj ab are an an d a of extension , by conquest coloniz tion , the a a Baloch e s an d are a a Sul im ni , more or less ssimil ted by a l a their Indi n neighbours , whi e those of Sist n must be a a Mekrani cl ssed r ther with the tribes . a a a Mekran an d a The trib l org niz tion in Sist n , with a a a a a m all which I h ve no person l cqu int nce , seems fro a ccounts to be much the s ame a s that still prevailing a f among the tribes of the Sul aiman Mount ains . M ny o

‘ a a a a s a a the s me trib l n mes , such Rind , Hot , L sh ri , Ma h a ssi Buled_hi are a g , , found in both tr cts , but the notes which here follow apply primarily to the north - e a stern a or Sulaim ni tribes only . The complete triba l organiz ation is still retained by those tribes which inh a bit the Sula iman Mounta ins south

- first a a a a a of the thirty p r llel of l titude to the pl in of K chi , an d a a a a a westw rds to the Bol n P ss , the pl in of K chi itself

a on a a a a a - a a a an d (c lled our m ps G nd v or K ch G nd v ) , the territory stretching from the mounta ins an d from Kachi

a a a s far a s tow rds the Indus , in some c ses the Indus itself , in others stopping short of it . The tribe is known by the a of tuma n an d a a s n me , is presided over by chief known

Tum an dar. a an d a a The post is heredit ry , is lw ys held by 2 a a n f member of one f mily belonging to o e clan o the tribe .

1 In the introduction to my Sketch of the Northern B alochi L an ’ ua a A B 1 a J S . 880 g ge (extr number . . . , ) I described the two di lects ‘ ’ a s a a a mutu lly lmost unintelligible . I a m now of opinion th t this w a s a s a a too strongly expressed , I h ve myself, spe king the northern a a a a n d a di lect, been ble to underst nd, m ke myself understood by,

a M n persons spe king the e kra i dialect . 2 a a s h a h - The cl n to which the chief belongs is known the p g logh , or a a a S house of the turb n, the tying on of the turb n being the outw rd ign 1 —2 4 THE BALOCH RA CE

E a a a o f a a a s ch tum n is m de up sever l distinct cl ns , known hd rd a a a an d p ( Sindhi word me ning section or sh re) , these } a re again subdivided into septs known a s pha llz

‘ a tuman t itmci n a The n me is from the Turkish , ten thous nd , which appears to h ave been first used a s an a pellation of

the nom ad tribes of Persia in the time of the Seljuk Sultans . Baloch e s an d Among the it is not so old , never occurs in the heroic balla ds which relate to the events o f the fifteenth f r an d sixteenth centuries . The Oldest n ame o a tribe found 2 3 bola k a tuma n a in the poems is , lso , like , word of Turkish

( whi le a a d o r . T . origin ( , b n crowd) This word seems a a an d rather to refer to the origin l cl ns , not to the modern

tuma n a a composite tribe or , which is built up of sever l cl ns , connected on e with a nother m ainly by a cknowledging a th e a are common chief . Within cl n the members supposed a a n d a s a of th e to be of the s me kindred , rule the nucleus tuma n consists of a few cl ans which consider themselves to a a s a be closely connected by blood . These h ve served centre of a ttra ction for other less powerful or un atta ched

a a h ci h - Zo h a of ssuming the chieft inship . The p g g nswers to the Kh an

khel in Pa than tribes . Such sections are the B ala chani among the

M a z ari s an d a a Bu h s the R hej a mong the g ti . 1 Among the M a rris the cl ans a re known a s t ak ar (from Sindhi

a a a as a an d a t k ru, mount in the septs ph lli , the sm ller subdivisions ’ a s a a a a R ph r B lochist n Census eport, p . 2 Thi s word frequently enters into T urki pla ce - names in Adha r

- - a a . a s k u . n a b ij n, etc , such Kum bulu , Kizil b luk , etc It is fou d mong

a U a - a n a a a an d a a the Afgh ns ( tm n bol k, e r Pesh w r) , cl n of Rind l h Ba o c e s ne ar Sibi is still c alled the Ghulam Bolak . It must not be u bu ld a a a confounded with the T rki q , spring, which lso occurs in pl ce a n mes . 3 These words tuma n an d bola k ill ustra te the B aloch tendency to a a a n d a a a shorten fin l syll bles , throw b ck the ccent to the penultim te

e . g J. T a m em T m a/n from u . i B Ola k B a t k .

h dn P d tta n P a t .

B dkkh a i B a dl qq . l d fi a - ed J g d a l J g g . A HISTORICAL AND E ' I‘ H N O L O GICA L SK ETC H 5

a a a cl ns , which h ve lost their origin l tribes either through internal qua rrels or through the tribe having been defe ated

an d . a a a broken up The new tie is not lw ys very strong one , an d such members of a tribe a re the first to lea ve it if it n d a f i a a . s defe ted , look for more power ul protector Some

an a times mere discontent with the chief, or intern l feud , 1 ffi a a a is su cient to drive cl n from one tum n to another .

sa a - bola ks The oldest poems y th t there were forty four , of Balo ch e s an d which forty were , four were servile tribes dependent on them . There is no complete list of these bolaks . The oldest poem mentions seventeen Ba loch an d

a a n d a h three servile cl ns , few others mentioned in ot er

a a - a old b ll ds bring the number up to twenty six , in ddition to which three tribes with whom the Balo ch e s were at w ar ? —m L an ah s Nah ars an d a the g , , Kungs re mentioned Some are an d a re of these tribes not now known , most of them d a s a an a s a a e . found cl ns only , not org nized tum n The a a m a s tum an s are only n mes ong them now found Rind ,

L a a ak a a a n d a sh ri , Drish , M z ri , Dombki , Khos , to which

a M kran list should be dded the Hot tribe still found in e , although broken up in the north . Many considera ble

a e a s a a Bu h ti tum n , such the Lund , Legh ri , Bozd r, g , a a Bule dh i an d a a a a K sr ni , (or Burdi) , J kr ni , do not ppe r at all in the older poetry . or a a re of The septs , ph llis , the units out which the a a a are a n d m a a l rger org niz tions built up , y be comp red tra a H to the go s of indu ca ste . In a few ca ses one of the l arger clans composing a tum a n a ppears to be ra th er a r a a a a a n d h a s a subo din te tribe th n cl n , its own import nt ll f a a o a . sections , not necess rily the s me blood Sometimes r m there a e more th an one in this position . These ay con ’ n l u tum n a r v e n i e t y be known by the n ame of s b a s . Such e Ha ddia n i L e h ari s D urkan i s the section of the g tribe , the

1 AS rega rds the politic a l or milit a ry orga niz a tion of the tribe ’ - a . a . a n d 8 an d a comp re Mr Hughes Buller s rem rks on pp iv , lso in

a V i . a a ch p . ii of the B lochist n Census Report , 2 F o r a i a . det ls of these cl ns , see Appendix I 6 THE BA LOCH RACE

an d L a sh ari s a Gurch an i s h ulam ni mong the , the G a s a mong

Bo zdars Sh am b an i s a Bu h ti s an d the , the mong the g , the z i Ma aran s a mong the Ma rris . These subtum an s are very

I a n d n ot Tum n d r ndependent , so obedient to their a a s a s

a a . a tum an s on e the ordin ry cl ns In m ny section , either

a or a h a s a a cl n ph lli , is found which heredit ry feud with a n d a a O the chief , is in h bitu l pposition to him . The Jin dan i s a a Haibatan i s mong the Khos s , the a mong the

L e h ari s an d Mi stakani s a Mazari s r g , the mong the a e f a of . o ex mples this In spite this , however , the general feeling in a B aloch tribe i s in favour o f supporting the

’ a an d a a n chief s uthority , if he is moder tely good m a a a a a an d of ccording to the B loch st nd rd , j ust , generous , an c an a even temper , he gener lly enforce it without much

a a a a n d a diffi culty . Wh at re lly ble str ightforwa rd m an can do is shown by the history of N a wab Sir Imam Bakhsh a Tum an dar Ma z ari s a Kh n , the of the , tribe formerly considered irrecl aim a ble robbers an d pira tes on the Indus who h ave now settled into a law - a biding an d a an d loy l tribe , over whom he still successfully presides , 1 though blind a n d eighty ye ars of a ge .

Baloch e s a re a an d The nom ds by instinct , still prefer

h a an d a a t e w ndering p stor l life wherever it is possible , but the popul ation tends more a n d more to become fixed a s d a n . an cultiv t ion exte ds But town life does not suit them ,

Tum an dar h a s a a although the in every c se fixed residence , f it never becomes the nucleus o a B aloch to wn . Where the chief h as selected a n a lrea dy existing town with a non B aloch popul ation of Hindu tra ders an d Indian Moh a m

a arti zan s a a s wa s med n , this popul tion continues much it

Baloch e s before . Few live in the towns ; they prefer the O a a re of pen country . Their vill ges collections mud or

an d a a stone huts , in the mount ins , where the popul tion is

a a or h a lk a of t still nom adic , vill ge consists of number li tle

r 4 i o f . enclosures 3 o feet h gh , built loose stones On

1 I regret to h a ve to sta te th a t Sir Im am B a khsh Kh an h a s died since the above rem a rks were written . A HIS TORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 7

a a a a these tempor ry roof is spre d , gener lly composed of matting (th agh ard) m a de of the lea ves of the phish (Cha mwrops Ri tchi ea n a ) an d when the community mo v es a a a o ff an d to nother gr zing ground , the roof is c rried , the walls left standing for a nother occup a tion . Often recesses lifi r n d or c s a e a a are a . ledges in utilized , no w lls necess ry

T a a a an d a heir we lth consists in c mels , c ttle , sheep , go ts , a a n d and their life is bsolutely primitive uncivilized . Yet the arts of c arpet - m aking an d embroidery flourish among h an d a on e a a t em , le d to comp re them to the Turkom n r a t t ibes , with whom they must some time in their history n have been in conta ct . Robbers they were a d to some extent still a re to be a successful le a der in ra ids an d c attle h w a s a an d Rd hza n a a w a s t eft title to esteem , or highw ym n f a title o honour . are Balo ch e s a n d a Such the , they h ve been described so often a n d with so much detail by SO m a ny tra vellers a n d f an d a frontier o ficers from Pottinger , Ferrier , M sson to d a . an a Sir T Holdich M jor Molesworth Sykes , th t it is a unnecess ary for me to go into further det ails . Wh t I Wish to consider now is the question of the origin an d a a a a i s history of this rem rk ble r ce , wh t their position a a a an d a mong the r ces of m nkind , how they c me to a re occupy the countries where they now dwell . These

a a s a a by no me ns simple questions , will ppe r from the variety of Opinions which h ave been held upon them by

a . f persons well qu lified to j udge Brie ly , the origins fa voured by on e or the other a re a s follows :

1 . u a a s a v a an d The T rkom n origin , d oc ted by Pottinger

' Kh anikofi

2 . The Ara b origin (prob a bly the theory most frequently

a a a f a . held by tr vellers) , strongly dvoc ted o l te by Sir T Holdich

3 . a a s a a The R jput origin , put forw rd by the l te

Dr . Bellew a n d 4 . a a a . The Ir ni n origin , f voured by Sir R Burton , a d an . L ssen , Spiegel , others 8 THE B A LOCH RACE

Opinions a s to the appearance of the Baloch e s ha ve varied a s much a s those rega rding their origin . Pottinger 1 a a Kh a n ikoff comp red them to the Turkom ns , while detected a a a to of strong resembl nce to the Kirghiz , prob bly one the le a st Mongolia n in a ppea r a nce of the tribes included under

a ll a a this n me . Pottinger denied a resembl nce to the Ar bs , on a a a a of while , the other h nd , m ny tr vellers spe k their "

a a . . a a a Ar b fe tures Sir T Holdich , who dvoc ted their Ar b

a a on a o f - origin in p per the Ar bs the North West Frontier , 7 a a 1 899 s re d before the Anthropologic l Society in , consider the resembl ance both in ch aracter an d appe arance very Bal ch s a n d . . w o e strong Sir R Burton , who kne the well h a d an almost unrivalled a cquaintance wi ‘ not fa vour this view . He s ays His appeara nce ’ little resembl ance to th a t o f Ism a il s descendants .

a a a eye is the full , bl ck , expressive Persi n , not the sm ll , A a a a are a restless , fiery r b org n the other fe tures peculi rly a a n d a a a n d a i n high , regul r , Ir ni n ; the be rd , unerring dic ator of a an d high physic l development , is long lustrous , ’ n d thick a flowing . The general va gue ide a th at the Baloch e s h ave Ara b fe a tures seems to be ba sed m ainly on the fa ct th a t they a a are h ve long quiline noses , which supposed to look a n d are a Jewish ; they , therefore , ssumed to be Semitic

a n d . a Ara bs But this is not the Ara b type . The l tter is 3 Vo n L usch an wh o a a well described by , rem rks th t the Beduins must be considered a s pure descend ants of the

a : a a a a Old Semitic r ce They h ve long , n rrow he ds , d rk an d a a an d a complexion , short , sm ll , str ight nose , which i s in every respect the direct opposite of wh a t we are ’ a m a a ccustomed to c ll a typic al Jewish nose . To this it y be a dded that the Arab nose is very commonly depressed a t a a a a a the root , ch r cteristic h rdly ever found mong the l h a a f a a n d a a Ba oc e s . The great bund nce o h ir be rd mong

1 ’ ’ a B el o o ch i st an 1 8 1 6 . 2 68 269 . Pottinger s Tr vels in , , pp , 2 ’ ’ 1 8 1 59 7 7 . . . . Burton s Sind Revisited, , vol ii ; p 3 ‘ ’ 502 . 1900 . M a n a n d . a a . Q uoted in P st Present , by A A Ke ne , , p A HIS TORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 9

l h the Ba oc e s is not an Ara b fea ture . The hairiness is an d a a a often extreme , I h ve on sever l occ sions seen Bal ch s a a o e whose b cks were covered with h ir . a a a a an d Resembl nces in gener l ch r cter in customs , both a an d a a to the Ar bs the Turkom ns , h ve been pointed out . a a On the whole , the resembl nce to the Turkom ns seems a a a the strongest , but th t to the true Persi n nom ds is

of all . a n a a strongest In y c se , it must be remembered th t a nomadic life in a p arched - up country is likely to devel o p Th a a . e simil r customs , even in distinct r ces fondness for horses ch a ra cterizes the r a ces of Centra l Asi a an d the a a a a s a s a h l h . T e Ba o c e s Persi n Pl te u strongly the Ar bs ,

a o f a when we first he r them , were mounted rchers , like the Pa rthians ; they wore long red boots ; they h a d striped — r u gs a n d c arpets all ch ara cteristics referring ra ther to

a Northern Persia th a n Ar a bia . When they c me to close a a a n d a qu rters they lighted fought on foot , like the w rriors

f h h n m o a a a a a a . on e the S , custom they still m int in In point of ch ara cter they differ strikingly from the Arabs .

a re an - a a a a a n d of They open he rted r ce , e sily ple sed , fond k an d a u m a a re j o es l ghter , while in religious tters they a a an d a an d free from f n ticism , sensible toler nt , willing to discuss opinion s with a n open mind . Their numerous a a a n d a are a b ll ds , legends , tr ditions singul rly free from a the supern a tura l element . It would be h rd to find a

a a a a ff gre ter contr st th n th t which they o er to the intense , 1 a a a a a . concentr ted , f n tic l Ar bs

1 Since these rem arks were written my a ttention h a s been dra wn to ’ ‘ h M o k B al c s . A . B Colonel E . c l e r s pa per on the Origin of the o e in J S . 1 9 a re a 8 5 . His contention is th a t the m a ss of the B a loch the ncient a a M e kran a n d a re a G e dro sii inh bit nts of , identic l with the of the

a n d a are a a t a ll a Greeks , th t the Rinds not in origin B loch , but Ar bs ‘ a i a a are of the Al f tribe . He considers it prob ble th t they descended ‘ a al a a a a a a n d from the sons of Al H rith Al fi , who fought g inst Al H jj j,

a l . 86 . a were fin l y driven into Sindh a bout A H . Their descend nts were

a a a ‘ well known in Sindh for two hundred ye rs l ter . Colonel Mockler lso is of Opinion th a t the supposed origin from Aleppo (H ala b) is connected w ‘ h i a a l ith the n ame Alafi . \V l e it is quite possible th t some f mi ies 1 0 THE BALOCH RACE

’ Dr . Bellew s a ttempt to identify the Baloch e s with the 1 a w a s a a an d a s R jputs b sed on philologic l grounds only , , fa r a s am a a a h a s t I w re , no comp rison been made a s o

a a a . a a their ppe r nce Indeed , it would not be e sy to m ke ut n o a y stron g resembl a nce . The difference between the B aloch an d the Moh a mmed a n Rajput or Jatt o f the Indu s a i s a a a and a v lley very cle rly m rked , both physic lly ment lly , an d I need not enlarge upon it .

a a Baloch e s ar a a There rem ins the theory th t the e Ir ni ns , ’ an d this I believe to be the true on e . Burton s views h ave a a a a n d a n an d lre dy been lluded to , L sse , Spiegel , Trumpp ha ve come to the sa me conclusion . I sh all here endeavour to Show th at it is borne o ut by a nthropologica l an d b istori c al an d an d inquiries , by evidence derived from the legends h l angu a ge of t e people themselves . The E a stern Iranians are considered by modern a nthro olo i sts a i s a a of a a p g to be wh t gener lly , for w nt better n me , a a a an d a ff at c lled the Ary n r ce , to be strongly ected by th branch o f the Ca uc a sian ra ce which h a s been n amed H omo

A l i nus a E an d a p , which extends through Centr l urope Asi ? Minor to the highl a nds o f the Hindu Kush One of the most distinguishing features o f this r a ce is its consistent a a an d a a re a n br chyceph ly , its purest ex mples found mo g the T aj iks of Turkestan an d the Gh alch a s of the Hindu

B l h n ff a . Kush . The a oc e s seem to be a o shoot of this r ce a a s a o n a r They cert inly , I sh ll Show further , c me into thei present locations in Mekran a n d on the India n border from

a a a a a a n d p rts of the Ir ni n pl te u further to the west north , where they would n a turally h ave been a ssocia ted with

a mong the Rinds or other tribes a re descended from these or other ‘ a sufii c i e n t Ara b settlers , I do not think th t there is evidence to justify a a the a doption of this theory , or to sep r te the Rinds in origin from the a a m a ss of the B aloch ra ce . As reg rds the connection between B loch

d e dro si a . 22 . a n G , see p 1 4 1 . See below , p . 2 ‘ ’ ’ U fal v au e t a u l Hin dou . j y, Les Aryens Nord Sud de Kouch

The subject is exh austively discussed in this work . A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 1 1

a a a a s a a of other Ir ni n nom ds , such the B khti ris the present day . They h ave brought with them a l anguage f a a a o the Old Persi n stock , with m ny fe tures derived from a a a a a an d the Old B ctri n r ther th n the Western Persi n , h ave intruded into a region which wa s always in ancient a a s a a an d a an d times reg rded p rt of Indi , not of Persi , an d a a a which , both before fter the Moh mmed n conquest , — w as a a Ja s a n d . peopled by Indi n tribes R jputs , tt , Meds Baloch e s a a a a But the still ret in their br chyceph ly , lthough a a a a n d a Afgh ns to the north , Indi ns to the e st , Ar bs to the south an d on the Persian Gulf are all dolichoceph alic . a a a a a 4 6 The Ar bs h ve me n ceph lic index of from 7 to 7 , an d the Afghans a bout the s a me . The n a tives of India

- h ave a still lower index . Twenty three ca stes of the North

a s . a a an d West Provinces , given by Mr Risley , ver ge 7 seven of the Punj ab Mr . Risley gives the index for Baloch e s a s 80 a n a s h i s the , but this is misle di g , figures include severa l Baloch e s from L ahore an d the neighbour a a a hood , where they h ve long been ssimil ted by their a a n d a all a a Indi n surroundings , h ve lost their n tion l

a Balo ch e s a cha ra cteristics . T king only the of the Tr ns a s a a a Indus districts f irly represent tive of the r ce , I find

a 81 5 . a a a s the me n index to be This is most rem rk ble , no ceph alic index approa ching 80 is to be found throughout a for tw o a m a Northern Indi thous nd iles , till we re ch the Thibetans of the D arjiling Hills or the a borigin a l tribes beyond Chitta gong . The Taj iks of different p arts of the Iranian pl ateau a an a 8 1 84 D arwazi s 81 4 h ve index v rying from to , the , n d h l h U falv a the G a c a s 85 . The figures given by M . de j y for a a an d i lan i s a re 88 86 an d 84 B khti ris , Kurds , G , , , although these a re ba sed on too sm a ll a number of c a ses f a to be a ltogether trustworthy . The index o the Bomb y a a a a P rsis , who h ve kept distinct mid their Indi n neigh

2 a . 8 3 . 60 bours , is The curve for T j iks given by M de

1 ’ n d . : a n d a a . . a Risley , The Tribes C stes of Beng l , vols i ii Anthro om e ri p t c D a t a . 1 2 THE BALOCH RACE

Ujfalvy i s given here for convenience of comparison with th at of 45 Baloch e s from the districts of Dera Gh a zi Kh an an d Dera Ism ail Khan . The correspondence i s cert a inly a a striking , the highest index in e ch c se being the rem ark a ble figure 9 5 or

The n a sal index for the s ame 45 Baloch e s is 68 8 . i s a a a s far a s a a It cle r , therefore , th t the sh pe of the he d

V 6 TAJ K GRAPHIC CUR E OF CEPHALIC INDICES OF 0 i s .

V 45 BAL O CH S GRAPHIC CUR E OF CEPHALIC INDICES OF E . is concerned the Baloch e s must be cl a ssed with the bra chy a a a an d n ot a ceph lic Ir ni ns , with the dolichoceph alic Ar bs or Indians . This applies to the Baloch e s west of the a a a S Indus , while those who h ve settled e st of th t river how ? a tendency to a pproxim ate to the Indian type

1 ’ N r a a a a a t iI . a 1 5 5 a H ss n of Der Gh zi Kh n Ceph lic length, ; bre d h , 5 4 148 9 . ; index , 2 a a a a Since the bove rem rks were written I find th t Professor Ke ne , ‘ ’ XL Ma n a a n d a . a a a s an in P st Present (Pl te , p gives B loch illustr a tion of the Lowl a nd Taj i k type .

1 4 THE BALOCH RACE

Spora dic ca ses o f the settlement of Ara b families among the Balo ch e s proba bly occurred during their residence in a a a n d Me kran a s a K rm n , such c ses occurred throughout

a a a a an d a Persi , Turkist n , Afgh nist n , Northern Indi ; but in such c a ses the ultim a te effect on the general popula tion a a a o f a o f a is but sm ll . Isol ted inst nces the surviv l Ar b a m a a o ut an d fe tures y perh ps be pointed , it seems to be the genera l Opinion o f tra vellers in Mekran th at the fa milies of the chiefs Show such feat ures rather th a n the greater number of their tribesmen . But a mong the tribes ’ a a A a of a long the Indi n Frontier the r bs the Indi n Border , a — a s Sir T . Holdich c lls them with whom I c an claim a n d a a a a a m a long a intim te cqu int nce , I convinced th t there is no such distinction . The typica l an d ch ara cteristic a a a a an d B loch f ce is found equ lly mong chiefs tribesmen ,

r an d true Ara b fe atures a e very ra re . 1 a a The Rajput origin dvoc ted by the l a te Dr . Bellew

a a a deserves some consider tion , but his ttempt to prove th t a ll Baloch e s a a of a a , j ointly with very l rge section P th ns , h were of Indian descent w a s doomed to fa ilure . If he a d confined himself to sta ting tha t there a re some Rajput an d a t a a an d a J t elements in the present B loch n tion , th t the a a a a a are to a a P th n tribes of the Sul m n r nge , consider ble of a n a a a extent , Indi n origi , he would h ve obt ined gener l a S on a a ssent ; but he ttempted to how , philologic l grounds a a or a a m inly , th t every tribe cl n whose n me he could a a wa s a a o r ot scert in descended from some Indi n c ste g , an d he displayed a good dea l of ingenuity in compa ring these n ames with those o f their supposed India n pro genitors . a a con He commences with the n me B loch , which he siders identica l with the Balae ch a (Bala ich a) cla n of the a a u an d a t a a a Cha uh n R jp ts , the s me time he finds cl n f a a a Ba h re ch o the Afgh n Durr ni n med , which he identifies a a a Bh arae ch a with a nother Ch uh n cl n , the (properly ,

1 ‘ ’ a a W. 189 1 a . Ethnogr phy of Afgh nist n , by H Bellew , ,

1 1 1 2 a n d 1 5 - 1 87 pp. 7 , 7 , 7 . A HIS TORICAL AND ETHNO LOGICAL S K ETCH 1 5

i h n a a Bh ura c a) . Leavi g the Afgh n identific tion , with

a a a o f a h a n d which I c nnot de l here , th t the words B loc ’ Bala ich a rests on no evidence except the simila rity of E a i s im rob the sounds . ven on philologic l grounds it p

a a 0 an d a a re a ble , for lthough origin l frequently

’ a e an d t converted in B lochi into , the reverse process a a never ta kes pla ce . This objection pplies lso to the l h h auh an s deriva tion from M e c h a (see p . The C were a t n o time on e of the Rajput tribes occupying the Indus

or a a . a a Valley , either in Sindh the P nj b The gre t m ss o f Ch auh an s i s still found o n the site of their a ncient a a an d A a a kingdom , in K rn l mb l , in the United Provinces i h a E a a a . Vara c a n d a stern R jput n The , who prob bly Bala ich a a a re a t a represent the cl n , present strong Musa lm an Ja tt commun ity in the Gujrat an d Sialkot dis a a t ri cts o f the Panj ab . There is no evidence wh tever th t a wa at a n an d they migr ted west rd y time , forsook their

f k n fertile pla ins for the a rid ridges an d platea us o Me ra . a a a a But , lthough B loch is now the n me for the whole r ce , a n d h a s so h a s been since it been known to history ,

a Dr . Bellew thought th a t the B aloch were origin lly only a a a n d a a w a s a s br nch , th t the whole r ce known Rind , a n ame which he derives from the Rann of Ka ch . His words are The n ame Rind is a territoria l design a tion a pplied to the Ba loch o r Balae ch a an d other Choh an

a b a a a R jput tri es , whose origin l se ts were in the Choh n ’ a o f a a a o f country on the b nks the Loni , the ctu l me ning th e words Rind a n d Baloch being thus reversed . Rind i s a o n e a a a s a , in f ct , the title of br nch of the B loch , I sh ll

an d i s a a a a Show below , nickn me , like m ny other trib l ‘ ’ ’ a a r a n mes , me ning scoundrel o cheat (like the Indi n h T ag) . Nor is there an y evidence to Show tha t the Ch a uh an s were ever settled on the river Loni , nor in the f neighbourhood o the Rann of Ka ch .

Dr . Bellew then proceeds to consider wh a t he calls the a — Brah oi a . three m in divisions of the B loch Viz , the , the

an d R . a a s a Numri , the ind I Sh ll not follow him reg rds 1 6 THE B A LOCH RAC E

o f h as an the first two , neither which y right to the n ame

a . ff a B loch They di er from the true B loch in every respect , n d m l a a a a . I only de ing with the l tter , which Dr Bellew

a . a a a a n d here c lls Rind The true historic l n me is B loch , I sh all be able to show h o w the Rinds obtained their

a Baloch e s h a s prominence mong the Northern , which led to the confusion of n ames . When he comes to the B aloch

a a o f - a o f properly spe king , he gives list forty two n mes

d a a tribes , which he proceeds to de uce from v rious Indi n

a . sa a a s origin ls I y Indi n , he does not confine himself to Ch a uh an s o r a a a , even to R jputs , but includes Br hm ns ,

- - Jatt s an d a . of a , low c ste tribes Out the forty two n mes , — are . a a Kaodai eleven unknown to me viz , B ri , Ut n , a a a a a a (perh ps Sindhi method of writing Kor i) , K tw r , Korw , h a a a a Sa odi an d Raks . a L ndi , L tti , M l i , Meri , j , The l st a a a Raksh ani a Brah oi an d n med perh ps st nds for , tribe f n sm all B aloch cl an . None o these c a be found either a s trib al or clan n a mes . — a S vi z . a Of the rem inder , ix , Gichki , Khetr n , Lori ,

a a a an d ar ar — a a M m s ni , Med , M w i c nnot strictly be c lled

B aloch . are an a a Mekran The Gichki ssimil ted tribe of , now

a a a a an d a a s spe king the B lochi l ngu ge , commonly cl ssed B a loch but they a re known to be of comparatively recent — a a a nd a u a s . Indi n origin some ccounts y Sikh , some R jp t Their settlement in Me kran w a s not e arlier th an the l atter p art of the seventeenth century . It is very likely th at the

a . tribe comprises some true B loch elements Dr . Bellew a a an d m akes Gichki equiv lent to K jki , derives it from the h h a a a on Ka c w a R jputs , which is cle rly impossible philo hz . a logical grounds The termin tion , commonly used in a a s a a a Sindhi to form dj ectives (such B lochki , J tki , Br huiki ,

shows th a t the n ame must be of Sindhi origin . The Kh e tran s a re a lso a tribe of undoubtedly India n a a a a a o rigin , occupying tr ct in the Sul im n Mount ins ,

a an d a a a n d a between the B loch P th—n tribes , still spe king their origin al Indian l anguage a dialect peculiar to them A HIS TORICA L AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 1 7

v an d a an d a sel es kin to Sindhi J tki , with which I h ave a some a cquaintance . It is h rdly necessary to observe th a t

- b a s B a a e . their n me c nnot derived , Dr ellew supposes ,

’ ’ a a Ra a a from Kh ter , merc ntile jput , but me ns cultiv tor ,

’ h r k h d K t S r. Ks tra n e e a . a must be referred to ( ) , field

o r Me dh a re a a - a The Med , , the borigin l , non B loch Me kran a n d a fisher tribe of the Sindh co st , known long a a a Balo ch e s a before the ppe r nce of the , who use the n me a s a term of contemp t ; an d those near the Indus apply it o f a a n d a to the fishermen th t river , couple it with the n me t a . a a a a a a M chhi A b rd , in hurling t unt his dvers ry of a a Me dh s an d Mach h i s are nother tribe , tells him th t not fit companions for Mir Hamz a L are a a s a The ori the s me the Doms , the heredit ry a w a an d a minstrels of Indi n origin , kno n in Persi B lochi a a — a a st n under this n me Lori , or Luri th t is , prob bly ,

a of Lar or a . n tives , Lurist n The picturesque legend told ’ in the Sh ah n am a of their introduction from India into r Persia by B ahram Gor is well kno wn . They a e attached

s a a are an d a b rds to B loch tribes , but not , do not pretend

of Ba . a n d to be , loch blood themselves Their customs r of Mir i appearance a e those the Doms or as s of India . The Marwaris a re the well - known India n b anking c a ste a origin ating in M rwar . I do not know how the n ame found its w ay into a list of B aloch tribes .

a a a o f a a re Brah oi s an d n o t The M m s ni Sist n , I believe , , ’ B aloch . This is Dr . Bellew s own Opinion (see From the ’

1 8 4 . Indus to the Tigris , 7 , p

a - fiv e a are a The rem ining twenty n mes on his list B loch , la of - a but a rge number well known n mes is omitted . A

a few specimens of the method of deriv tion , on which the a a s I a rgument to their ndi n origin is founded , will be sufficient .

a Bolida an d . In the list occur two n mes , Burdi These a a o r Buledhi refer in re lity to the s me tribe , the Buledi , a n ame derived undoubtedly from th e Boleda Va lley in M k a e r n . n Burdi is the Sindhi form , due to the fond ess of 2 1 8 THE BALOC H RACE

th at langua ge for ch anging l to r an d throwing the a ccent back to the a ntepenultimate ; but the Burdis of Sindh are never spoken of in B aloch i by any oth er n ame

l dhi . th an Bu e Dr . Bellew gives distinct origins for the two

a : lid names . He s ys Bo a (mentioned by Ptolemy) is the a a s a Faoladi of a a a a n d h a s s me the Pul di or the H z r h ,

M kran a m given its n ame to a district in e . The origin l n a e to a Bol a or a B0 1 seems h ve been , Bol , Pol (whence the 1 of a a a a n d Pula i far temple Mult n , Bol n P ss , j Shrine not 2 for a a a a an d Boli da from it) B l Br hm n , the form is the a of a o f a a Sindhi correl tive the Hindi Bolik , the Bol , Pol , ’ a a s o r B ala. Dr . Bellew expl ins Burdi representing the a a fi Bul dhi Bh urta Sol nki R jp t . SO that the e tribe in n a a a a a a nd o e form of its n me is B l Br hm n , in the other a Bh urta R jput . a a a a s Another ex mple is the n me Nutk ni , to which a a or a a for Nat a Dr . Bellew observes N tk N tk ni is Indi n ’ - t o f n a . a ribe gypsies , co j urers , rope d ncers , etc This is a n ot a a o r Nat most ba seless conjecture . The n me is N tk a a a s an d dha k ni , but Nutk ni , pronounced by outsiders , No

A nt kani in Balochi . is the genitive plura l termin ation dh k used to form p a tronymics . No a is a common proper ‘ ’ a of Baloch e s a of dh a a n me , diminutive No , cloud , a a s No dho word which enters into other proper n mes , , ‘ n d h Nodhakani or a a N odhba ag . Nutk ni simply me ns the f N dh k ’ descend ants o o a . ’ a a a son of a a a M z ri me ns the M z r , the tiger , true

Baloch form . Dr . Bellew identifies the tribe with the ‘ ’ M sari a . a n ot a y , Indi n Desert Tribe I h ve been ble to a n an a a s to M sari a obt i y inform tion the y , but the n me , a o f Mah e swa ri if correctly given , looks like corruption (like

a s a . a Mysore , from M he w r) Dr . Bellew lso derives the a Sulaim an s a s Z m a ri a Path n tribe of the , known , from

Hi dfi a a a th a . n tribe M is ri , perh ps e s me He does not note

1 13 The correct form of this na me is Phuleji 3 1 551 2 a d a a It m ay be noted th t a denotes the genitive in P nj bi , but is a n ot a Sindhi termin tion . A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL S K ETCH 1 9 th at Mzarai or Z m arai in Pa shto means the same a s Ma z ar ’

a a . in B lochi , tiger a c n It is not necess ry to go further through this list . I a l only find one c a se among a l those given by Dr . Bellew in which a B aloch tribe is really connected with the Indian a it— a a o f a a ancestry ssigned to th t is , the c se the J kr ni from a a a e a O a a a a the J kh r J tt , tribe f comp r tively l te doption 1 into the B aloch confra ternity .

are a of a a There , however , c ses doption of Indi n tribes a of not noticed by him . The most import nt these is the a of a an d a c se the Dod i their descend nts , the modern a a re a a Gurch ni tribe , who , undoubtedly , to gre t extent a a a s a sprung from the Somr R jputs of Sind , I sh ll Show

n further o . n o a a It is , doubt , lso possible to urge th t the tribes which bea r territorial n ames derived from localities in Mekran may have been derived from the original Jatts of th at an d n ot th e a a n region , from B loch inv ders , but there is o evidence th at this w a s the ca se . There a re several n ames for a of this type , inst nce

Bul dhi e a . . from Boled

a a a a . L sh ri , from L sh r

a a a M g ssi , from M ga s . a K l o an ch . Kul chi , from

‘ Gi sh kh auri h a a , from the Gish K ur , the n me of a ’ torrent .

a of D a sh ts or a a D shti , from one the numerous , t blel nds ,

found throughout the country . ‘ ’ a a a so - a K hiri from the n me of torrent , c lled from

a P roso is s i ci era a the K hir ( p p g ) , which grows long its . ar course There e severa l so ca lled .

Bule dhi a a a a The h ve been lluded to a lrea dy . The L sh ri are on e of m a a a an d the in divisions of the B loch r ce , the Ma gassi a tribe genera lly cl a ssed a s a bra nch of the a L shari . It m ay be noted tha t Ma ga s is a pla ce situated

1 ‘ ’ a 1 5 1 . 1 m 8 1 0 . See E stwick , Dry Notes fro Young Egypt , , p Q_o 2 0 THE BALOC H RACE

1 f a in a tra ct o country c alled L ashar in Persian B alochist n . Ma ga ssi is sometimes used a s a term interch angea ble with ’

a a a a a . 431 L sh ri ; Ferrier C r v n Journeys , p ) divides the Baloch e s a N r ui s Narii i s an d Mekse s of Sist n into e v ( ) , Rinds , M i aga ss s) .

Kulachi is proba bly from the Kolan ch Va lley in Mekran . o f a a h a s This tribe , once powerful , but now sm ll import nce , m a a a o n a . left its n me the p The town of Kul chi , in Der m a a n ow a a Is il Kh n , though belonging to the G nd pur a a an d a a o f a a h a s Afgh ns , be rs it , the gre t se port K r chi

a a a a of l r . the s me n me , with the u su l Sindhi ch nge to a of Kah i ri s are da The n me the , who in the present y a a a a a i s a Levitic l tribe with cert in peculi r ttributes , prob bly derived from on e of the Kahiri torrents . The legend given ‘ 2 - - i 1 A D . a in the T arikh M a sumi ( 600 . ) derives the n me

a - a n a direct from the K hir tree , sserti g th t one of the a o f a a ncestors the tribe rode on tree of this sort , m king it move like a horse when he struck it with a whip . K lm i Perh aps the a at should be a dded to this list . Sir

T . Holdich supposes them to derive their n ame from

d rima a i r a a an c e a . a e a K lm t , this is , p f , prob ble They st ted to be a peculiar tribe with certa in religious superstitions a a an d a a tt ched to them , it seems possible th t their n me m a a a o r Karm a tian y be derived from the K rm ti heretics , who were driven into Me kran by Ma hmud of Gh a zni an d 3 i Muh ammed bin Sam . Neither Ka hiri nor Kalm at are a Baloch e s a a prob bly by origin , though long ssoci ted with them an d mentioned in old b alla ds .

’ It is not necessa ry to go further into Dr . Bellew s lists of subdivisions or of wh a t he calls Jat Baloch e s . Only two a a an d a a are B loch tribes , the J toi J kr ni , included in the a r a a l a tter list . The rest e the n ames of miscell neous Indi n a a tribes with no cl im to be c lled B aloch . I m ay here a llude to the derivation of the word B aloch

1 a s a I owe this inform tion to the kindnes of M jor P. Molesworth

Sykes . 2 3 4 2 . i . 4 9 9 238 . . D . 5 E . D . i . E , , pp . ,

2 2 THE BALOCH RACE

a Badro ch Ba dro sh a h m a however , thinks th t , or , in B loc i y ‘ a as a Ga dro sh adro s o f be t ken equiv lent to , or G , the

a a n d to a drOS - or more ncient Pehlevi , or Zend , G ii ,

dr ii B dr h Ge o s . a oc a , of the Greeks , from the interch nge a of r a n d l a Ba dloch bility the liquids , is equiv lent to , out cl a a a a of which the must n tur lly drop , le ving B loch " ” equivalent to the Ge dro sii .

a a m a a a With reg rd to this deriv tion , it y be rem rked th t ‘ ’ ’ no such word a s bad or ga d is found in the a ncient a a an d a a or w l ngu ges , th t while modern 9 g often represents in Persian (an d still more often in B alochi) an a a origin l the reverse process is unknown . An ncient G a s a Ge dro sia a , such is found in the n me , d ting from

B . C. c an a a the fourth century , h rdly be represented by B a s a . a , in B loch If I h ve been successful in showing th a t the B aloch n ame was not known in Me kran before the a a a thirteenth century , it seems useless t sk to ttempt to a ssociate them with the Ge dro sii o f sixteen hundred yea rs before . a a a a B loch is Persi n word , which , in ddition to its use a s a a a a s a a - i proper n me , me ns , expl ined in the Burh n ‘

a a n d a a or . Q ti other diction ries , cockscomb crest It seems possible th a t the proper n ame was origina lly a nick n a me derived from the use of such a crest or ba dge m any a a are a a o ur trib l n mes uncompliment ry nickn mes , like

an d an d a . Whig Tory , others pplied to religious sects A ’ p a ssage in the Sh ah n am a affords some support to this a o f a of Kai theory . In the enumer tion the w rriors ’ Kh u ran a a s s rmy , the poet comes to the B loch led by Ash ka h an d on e a s s , in text he describes them

t o ) ; ) Q Gai n? 83 .n

‘ ’ 1 n ar a . Intent o w , with ex lted cockscomb crests This

' 1 This p a ssa ge is an ex ample of the extra ordinary va riety o f re a d ’ h h n am a ings in the text of the S a . ’ In Mohl s text the p a ss a ge re a ds p . — K, " a l lfiw C” A b g ck ) A HISTO RIC A L AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 2 3

m ay be considered a s evidence th a t in the tra ditions or poems m ade use of by Firda usi the Baloch e s were re pre a s a a n d a s a sented we ring such crests , the words B loch

an d a a a a B a loch Khoch h ve the s me me ning , it seems th t

must be a nickn ame . The reputa tion of being raiders an d robbers wh ich the Baloch h ave a lwa ys borne among their neighbours h a s a a a are e rned them m ny uncompliment ry epithets , which

found among the tribal n ames . The following are examples

a a a . Rind kn ve , deb uchee , w nderer

Lund sim ilar m ean ing . A legend expl ains it ’ a s a a a me ning fool , but I c nnot find th t the word

ever bore this signification .

a a a a . Khos ( Sindhi) , robber lso fever

a a a or . M ri (Sindhi) , pl gue epidemic

b a a . Leg r (B lochi) , foul or dirty a o f a a a l The n me the Koch , the r ce lw ys coup ed with the ‘ ’ a a a a a a B loch in the e rliest ccounts , lso me ns nom d in h a c . a a a Persi n ( f P shto Koc i , Some of the cl an n ames a lso are either nicknames or m (possibly) h ave a totemic origin . I ay mention the following

a - aak a a a a Sy h ph (Bl ckfeet) , cl n of the Durk ni Gur

ch anis .

‘ which he tra nsla tes : Il éta it a ccompa gné des bra ves de Cutch e t de

’ Be l ou d i stan a a é j , qui sont vides de comb ts comme des b liers .

V ull e rs a a a s , in his Persi n Diction ry gives it quoted d a an a a d . bove in the text , this lso is the re ding of the ol est MS of the

a . poem in the British Museum ddl , f . In his edition of ’ Sh ah n am a V ulle rs e a the , however , does not give this r ding , but the l 11 fol owing ( . 9 'é N i ko. K/s 5 3 . l Cj é ? 6 3

a a a which is lso given in the Bomb y lithogr phed edition . ’ M a c a n s C alcutt a edition omits the whole p a ss a ge a s to the number a a ing of the rmies , which is of gre t interest throughout . ‘ ’ ? an d a ram a s ; a The words a) a} both me n , but a) ends in a

n d a a s a a a not a , it is improb ble rhyme to The re ding in the

text seems prefera ble to both . 2 4 THE B ALOCH RACE

- aak Flo rf i k we e e t a a o f D r sh a s . Gul ph ( ) , cl n the Gan da wala h a ant a a g g (the sm ll red ) , cl n of the

Durkani .

a - laf Blackbe lli e s all Ma zari s Sy h ( ) , the , with the

exception of the B alach ani .

Kal h ur an a a a Gli nus loto ides a a o f p ( rom tic pl nt , ) , cl n the Bugh ti s The tribal na mes Hot (h ero) an d Ma z ari (s on s of tig ers) a re a f f ex mples o epithets o another kind .

oa th rd Bozdar means g e s .

a a s i s an a a The B lochi is , well known , Ir ni n idiom ,

a a a a t a ne rly rel ted to modern Persi n , but the s me time

a a showing m ny points of resembl nce to the Zend , or Old 1 a a a a a . a a B ctri n , r ther th n to the Old Persi n The voc bul ry h as borrowed a l arge number o f words from the neigh bourin a a a on e g settled r ces spe king Modern Persi n on side , or the India n idioms Sindhi a n d Ja tki on the other . Brah oi h a s a an d h a s furnished few words , itself borrowed n a i s n ot exte sively from Balochi . The Ar bic element

' an d a of a n d very extensive , m inly consists such religious abstra ct terms a s a re common to all Muh amm ad a n n ations . Most of these h ave been introduced through the medium H d a n im o f Modern Persian . a the Ara b element been a o n e S port nt or ruling , we hould expect to find the words a a a a w ar a rel ting to government , trib l org niz tion , , we pons , a n d t m a l a o f a horses , o her tters in which the ru ing c ste a a a a nom d r ce m inly concerns itself , l rgely derived from a a s E a the Ar bic , much in nglish the corresponding cl ss of

- a a words is derived from Norm an French . But h rdly of a a Single word this cl ss comes from Ar bic , though Sindhi of h h a s been drawn on to some extent . Most words t is cla ss belong to the origin al Irania n element ; a few a re

Turkish . Certain indications a s to origin m ay a lso be deduced from

1 ‘ ’ a Balii tsch e n IV . . . Die Spr che der , by Geiger , No VI , in the ‘ ’ a a a Grundriss der Ir nischen Philologie , gives full summ ry of the a the liter ture of subject . A HISTORIC A L AND ETHNOLOGICAL S K ETCH 2 5

h M h the proper n ames in use among Baloc e s . All u am m adan s h ave to a gre a t exten t a b andoned their origina l a a n d a th e a nomencl ture , dopted system of religious n mes

a - an a a dr wn from the Qur , the v rious divine n mes , the a a a a n d a Prophet , the e rly Kh lif s , other persons f med in f o . a a the history the religion Nevertheless , origin l n mes a s a a a a a h ve urvived in m ny l ngu ges , especi lly in Persi n ; an d a a s a s a a are u se Persi n , well Ar bic n mes , in through

ut n i s a o o a a a a d a a . Indi , Afgh nist n , B lochist n There m ng the Baloch e s also a very l a rge an d important element which cannot be derived from either of these sources .

a a a 1 9 0 a all I h ve m de list of proper n mes , including the n ames I h ave found in the older poetry an d in the

fift - a re a a genealogies . Of these only y three Ar bic n mes , twenty a re Persi a n or compound Persian a n d Arabic ( a s a a a a a re Dost Muh mm d , Im m B khsh , four Turkish , a n d - i a a twenty three seem to be of Ind n origin , lthough mostly n ot identica l with modern Hindu n a mes . The a a r Ba loch e s of rem ining ninety e n ames peculiar to the , which a good m any a re c ap a ble of explan ation from a or a a la a an d I a m B lochi from the older Ir ni n ngu ges , of Opinion tha t the Ara bic element is less importa nt th an a mong most Muh amm a dan ra ces .

The n ames of pla ces afford little informa tion . The

Baloch e s a s a Mekran a n d , recent immigr nts into the

S ulaim an s a a a a s . , h ve ccepted most n mes they found them a a The m j ority seem to be o f Indian origin . A few B lochi ‘ n a are a s uh raf S ah af mes found , such S ( red y bla ck Geh good N a fuskh step - d a ughter Ch i h ard D e h w ar Gan dakin da f an d a g g , ; n mes n w a s a a Gwattar commenci g with the letters g , such Gw d r , , G wa ak Gwa rokh a re a a a s w j , , prob bly of B loch origin , g in

a a a a n 1) 10 th t l ngu ge st nds for a origin al or , which in

a b a o f modern Persi n becomes . The tot l number such n ames is sm all . The B alochi l angua ge is rich in terms for the n a tural

a Of a a — a a fe tures mount inous country mount ins , Stre ms , 2 6 THE BALOCH RACE

a ff a v lleys , spurs , cli s , p sses , etc . The only apparently

’ a a K ha ur a Ar bic word mong these is , torrent bed (Ar . a a sh K h w a r . found lso in P to , in the form The

a road? an d e bel a re common Ar bic words j , which to be

a a a found from the Persi n Gulf to the Atl ntic Oce n , never occur a way from the coa st which is n a vigated by Ara b

s ailors .

I TO Y AN D G ND H S R LE E .

The first mention o f the Balo ch e s in history is found in a the Ar bic Chronicles of the tenth century , the fourth o f e ra a a the Hijri ; but Fird usi , whose gre t poem , the h h m ’ S a n a a wa s A H . 400 an a , finished in , refers to e rlier

a an of . a a of period th n y these The l tter p rt this poem , a a a a a a s a rel ting t—o the S ss ni ns , must be reg rded m inly a at a a s so a s n a a historic l le st , much the rr tives of the

’ a s of a an d a a a n d prose chronicles , such those M s udi T b ri ’ Ra uzatu s - a a u a s a the s f , which embody q ite much legend ry ’ a a f m tter a s the Sh ah n am a . The e rlier p a rt o the Sh ah n am a l h a a . Ba oc e s is , of course, m inly mythic l The a re introduced a s formin g p art of the a rmies of Ka i Kau s a n d Kai Khusr a u an d this means no more th a n th a t their n ame occurred a mong others in the balla ds or legend K i a which Fird a usi drew upon . a K us is shown a s em a of a an d a n d a ploying the w rriors P rs of the Koch B loch , ’ 1 the troops of Gilan an d of the pl a in of S aroch . The p a ssa ge describing the a ssembly o f the w arriors by Ka i Kh usra u for his expedition a ga inst Afrasyab is a lso note 2 worthy : ‘ After Gustah am came Ash ka sh His a rmy w a s

a a n d a on from the w nderers of the Koch B loch , intent

w a r an d a a with ex lted cockscomb crests , whose b ck none a in the world ever sa w . Nor w a s one of their fingers b re

1 lt o w rg a

2 2 s u ra 2 . See p , p . A HISTORICAL A N D ETHNOLOGICA L S K ETCH 2 7

of armour . His banner bore the figure of a tiger This pa ssa ge is interesting a s showin g the crest borne by Baloch e s a a a s a the , lluded to bove possibly expl ining the 1 meaning of their na me . The allusion under Na ushirvan is more important i a . s a a a historic lly This King not mythic l person ge , he is the Ch o sro e s of the cl a ssic al writers who fought a gainst a an d w a s Justini n , only kept within bounds by the genius of Belisa rius ; an d Fird a usi described his exploits a s a ccu rat l a as a e y s w possible to him . He represents Na ushirv n a s a war a a a a m king g inst the Al ns , who lived ne r the C a spia n Se a ; he then transports him suddenly to the of a river Hindust n (no doubt the Indus) , whence he f returned a fter receiving the submission o the people . On his return he w a s met by the news th a t the country wa s a a Ba loch e s a n d Gi lani s an d being l id w ste by the , deter

. a a Baloch e s mined to subdue them Turning first g inst the , a a a a a he le rnt from Dehk n th t his predecessor , Ard shir a a a a a h ad a (presum bly Ard shir B b k n) , in v in tried to a a subdue them . N ushirv n , however , surrounded their a an d mount ins with his troops , ordered them to destroy 2 a a or a . wa s a out so every B loch , gre t sm ll This c rried , a was a a on a an d th t there not B loch left the mount ins , n d their oppressions a tyra nny disappea red . (This is the 2 rea ding of the oldest MS but the text used by Mohl ‘ ’ a of a re ds M , the oppression the Koch , inste d of

3 e k " O a n d a on 5 ; w } p , ppression L ter , however ,

a Balo ch e s a a we find th t the were by no me ns extermin ted , ’ N a u sh i rvan s a an d but were serving in rmy , , together with of a a the men Gil , were dr wn up rmed with golden shields

1 t h a s a a a Major P . Moleswor h Sykes dr wn my ttention to the f ct th a t the tiger - b anner also furnishes a va lu a ble indic a tion a s to the

a home of the B loch , the tiger being found only on the shores of the

a C spia n . 2 ‘ ’ ‘ a a n d a dd th e a s Some MSS . h ve every Koch , some Kurds well . 3 a a a . . 6 75 . British Museum , ddl . D ted bout A H 2 8 THE BALOC H RAC E

a h to receive the mb a ssa dor of the K aqan of Chin . On

’ a nother occa sion we find th at the King s friends an d free men m arched towa rds Adh a r - badagan (Adh arbaijan ) with a a o f a D ailam an force m de up contingents from Gil n , , the

a of a a a an d th e mount ins the B loch , the pl in of S roch o f swordsmen Koch . Then , in some texts , but not in the

MS . a a a ff a a best , follows p ss ge to the e ect th t up till th t w a s h ad time , since the world the world , there never been 1 a single Koch who did not pill a ge an d burn the towns . a a a a of Baloch e s The n rr tive , fter rel ting the conquest the a a an a of w ar by N ushirv n , continues to give ccount his a a of Gi l an d D a ilam— a to s a of g inst the men th t is y , n d h n f a Gilan a Ad arb aija . This a ssociation o the B loch with th e ra ces ne ar the C a spia n Se a seems to m ake it proba ble th a t they were then loc a ted in a more northerly

a a a are a . province th n K rm n , where they next he rd of Fird ausi must h ave dra wn this description from the H d as tra ditions . a he been describing the B aloch simply

h i s o wn a a they were in time , he would cert inly h ve shown a s u a a an d an d them occ pying K rm n the Lut , plundering the routes lea ding towa rds Sistan an d Khurasan ; there would n ot h ave been a n y especial a ssociation with the

Gi lani s . The fact th a t the n ames of B aloch an d Koch are frequently coupled by Fird a usi is not necessa rily a p roof th a t this wa s a nything m ore th an a method of speaking

a h i d M . o f prev lent in s ay . In the oldest S the poem n a an d at a ll the me Koch occurs very seldom , not in the p a ssage describing the conquest of the B aloch by Na u a sh irvan . It is prob a ble th a t in m any p a ssa ges l ter ‘ a a s a an d copyists introduced the n me , the phr se Koch ’ B a loch h ad become custom a ry in their time ; an d this a ssociation o f n a mes wa s due simply to the fa ct th at th e

a h a d a a a a two r ces settled near e ch other in K rm n , lthough

1 It is worth noting th a t all the p a ss a ges in which the name Koch

a a re a a a . a a ppe rs subject to gre t v ri tion in the MSS , while the n me

B a loch a ppe ars throughout without varia tion .

3 0 THE BALOCH RACE th at they were alrea dy settled there when the Ara b con a a a quest took pl ce three hundred ye rs before . The B loch

a a a . a of t h e occupied territory dj cent to th t Koch , but were ’ 1 m a a a i s quite distinct fro them . M s di only s ys th at he a a n a of a s a an d not ble to give y ccount the O f , the B loch ,

a of a a . the J tt (Zutt) , who dwell in the regions K rm n He att s a a a ll is the only writer who mentions J in K rm n , other a s M kran a t a ccounts showing them occupying e th a t period . ? Istakh ri gives fuller details He describes th e Koch a s a a a living in the mount ins , while the B loch inh bited the a a a of n desert . Both r ces spoke l ngu ges their o w distinct a w as a a a a a from Persi n , which the ordin ry l ngu ge of K rm n . The version transl ated by Ouse ley puts the desert inh a bited

a ai an d by the B loch to the south of the mount ns , towa rds Mekran an d the se a ; an d on e p a ss age in the Ara bic version

— : a m a bea rs this o ut viz . K r n is bordered on the e a st by a am an d w a am an d se a Muk r , the desert bet een Muk r the towards the Bulu s (B a loch) but further on it says The u s on a a of ufs a a n d Bul live the t blel nd the Q Mount ins , no on e else enters these mounta ins they h ave c attle an d an d tents like the Beduin , the routes through their country ’ ’ fs r are n ot a . u a a e to O uns fe The Q , it s ys , believed be f ’

a an d own . Ar b descent , live under their chiefs Further a a a a a a south , g in , lives nother r ce , pp rently distinct from both Koch an d B aloch . According to the Persia n version a a a an d a re they inh bit the mount ins ne r Hurmuz , robbers , s aid to be Arabs by origin while in the Ara bic version we 3 re a d The inh a bita nts of the Qaran or Barfe n Mounta ins were Zoroa strians during the rule of the Amawi Kh alifa s ; an d m a they would not submit , were ore cunning th n the

a of a s inh a bit nts the O f Mountains . They were converted f ' ’ under the rule o the Abbasi Kh a lifa s . This ra ce is H evidently the Ahwas or awas of Idrisi . The Persian

1 ‘ di a a . 2 54 M a s ii . , French tr nsl tion , iii ’ ‘ ’ ’ 2 n h r n d l M o rdtm an s Ist ak i a 1845 . 7 a Ouse e s (H mburg , , pp 7 , y ‘ ’ k l . 143 146 a H au a . a Ibn , pp , (This is Persi n version of 3 a a i i . The or Cold Mount ins , ccording to Idr s A H ISTORICA L AND ETHNOLOGICAL S K ETCH 3 1 version a dds th a t Q ufs in Arabic is the same a s Koch in — P a a n d a on e a ersi n , th t these two peoples in the mount ins — a n d the other in the desert a re commonly spoken of j ointly a s Koch an d B aloch . Both versions a gree in describing the B aloch a s better beh a ved th a n their n eigh

a n d a s a but bours , not infesting the ro ds ; it is impossible s a i s a to a ccept this sta tement a f ct . It perh ps due to the a a of a a a C an d a ccident l use neg tive by opyist , one uthority a h a s probably reproduced it from nother without question . Istakh ri a h i s a of Si i stan a f lso , in ccount j , gives list o f a 1 r o a . the p ovinces th t country , mong which two (Nos 9 ‘ ’ ? a n d 22) are described a s country of the B aloch (o a k ) The desert infested by the B a loch seems in reality to h a ve a of a a a been not th t to the south the K rm n Mount ins , but a n ow a s the gre t desert known the Lut , which lies north a n d a a a an d a a a a an d e st of K rm n , sep r tes it from Khor s n a w a s a a a a Sist n . Idrisi , who c reful writer , s ys th t the — Koch Mounta ins were inh a bited by a s a vage ra ce a sort o f — a an d Kurds while the B loch live to the north , some ? to the west of them He a dds that they are pros e rous a a an d a re a p , h ve much c ttle , fe red by their neigh an d a a a n ot bours , lso confirms the st tement th t they do a a u a a a infest the ro ds . Y k t is in subst nti l greement with ? a a a n d Idrisi He lso comp res the Koch to the Kurds , ‘ quotes a n Ara bic poem a s follows : Wh a t wild regions

a a a atts t an d h ve we tr versed , inh bited by J (Zu t) , Kurds ,

a a ufs a a o f ufs s v ge Q He gives long ccount the Q , quoted

e r- a - a from Rohini , in which he tr ces them to pre Isl mic

A a o f a n d a a h a d a n r bs Yemen , s ys they h ve never y h a a a a . a religion , either p g n or Mu a mm d n He spe ks of

a s a a a a an d a them irrecl im ble s v ges , s ys it would be well to extermina te them . He a dds th at they do Show some ‘ o f o f respect to Ali , but only out imitation their neigh bours . This gives rise to a suspicion th a t they m ay h ave

1 ’ M o rdtm a n n s . 1 1 5 p . 2 ’ ‘ i ’ 428 429 J a . . ubert s Edr si , i , 3 I owe the reference to Yakut to the kindness of Mr . Ellis . 3 2 TH E BALOCH RAC E

a a n d a e r- n h a d d a a been Shi s , th t Rohi i some gru ge g inst

a a e l - a s a n them . Y kut lso quotes Bish ri a cl ssifyi g the a o f a a o f a mount ins K rm n into those the Koch , the B loch , n d th e a a n of a Q r , which corresponds with the description

kh fs Ista ri . a a u a re a He s ys th t the Koch (Q ) t ll , slender a a all o f people , who c ll themselves Ar bs , given to sorts a a an d a n d wickedness , b rb rous cruel , livin g by plunder . The Bulfi s were formerly the most terrible of the m ara ud ’ 1 a - u d - a a ing tribes , but were destroyed by Ad d d ul , who

f ufs a lso slew a grea t number o the Q . They c all them s v Musalm an s a a ufS el es (this pp rently refers to the Q ) , but a re more bitter a gainst Musa lm an s th an are the Greeks an d Turks . Yakut spe aks of the B aloch under a sep ara te hea ding

h an d a a a a o f . a ( u g ) , gives more f vour ble ccount them He s ys a an d a a they resemble the Kurds , live between F rs K rm n ,

an d a re a a a a s a o n e . dre ded by the s v ge O f , who fe r no else a a a re an d a The B loch , he s ys , richer more civilized th n a a n d their neighbours , live in go tskin tents , do not plunder

n d u fs a fight like the Q .

’ a Ada du d - a a a a Iz In ddition to d ul D il mi , his uncle Mu ’ - a a A . H . 3 56 a a zu d d ul , who died , lso c me into collision with a a a an d the wild tribes of K rm n , c lled by some Kurds by others Koch a n d B aloch . He lost his left h a nd an d the of an d wa s fingers the right in conflict with them , thence c known a s Aqt a or m aimed ?

a an d a fa r The B loch , no doubt , possessed horses r ided d d a a a s a . fiel , their escend nts h ve done ever since They

a a an d a a n d crossed the desert into Khor s n Sist n , the fa ct th a t two of the provinces of Sistan were already in ’ Istakh ri s time known a s B aloch country shows th at they d a s h a begun to est bli h themselves there . During the reign of Mahmud Gh a zn a v i they roused the wr a th o f th a t mon arch by robbing h i s a mb a ssador on the w ay to Kar n T bba s an d h h fi n m a a a . Ma m d so , between K bis sent his

1 a a i Bu w a ih - 4 i . 33 3 2 A D 9 9 8 . . The D il m ( ) , who reigned A H . 7 ( ‘ ’ 2 - - - - a a a Ra r T i a 60 . i v e t a e a . T rikh Y f i , quoted by y , b k t N siri , i (note) A HISTORICAL AND ETH N OLOGICAL SK ETCH 3 3

' a ii a a a a M s d g inst them , who fin lly defe ted them near

h a on of a t K bis , which lies the edge the desert , the foot ? of the Karm an Mounta ins On another occa sion these robbers were disposed of by allowing them to c apture f a a o a . sever l lo ds poisoned pples , which they devoured The chronicler a pproves o f this a s a plea sant an d ingenious n scheme for getti g rid of them .

a at at ri a Fird usi , who lived this time T s , ne r Meshhed , ra a a a a a o f in Kho s n , must h ve been f mili r with the n me t e a a a n d hes m r uders , this knowledge must h ave given ‘ ’ point to the descriptions in the Sh ah n am a alrea dy a a m a lluded to . It is possible th t perm nent settlements ay have been m ade by the Baloch e s in Kh orasan a s well a s da a . E a in Sist n ven in the present y , ccording to Lord a a al a a s fa r Curzon , there is consider ble B och popul tion ? nor th a s Turbat - i Ha id ari Certain it is th a t soon a fter the a bove - quoted a ccount s were written there w a s a wholes ale migration of the

Baloch e s a an d a from Kerm n , there is some re son to believe th a t before esta blishing themselves in Mekran an d on th e Sindh frontier they m ade a tempora ry settlement h d a . u a a a a a s in Sist n S ch movement lre dy begun , the n a mes of the provinces in Sistan given by Istakh ri show ;

‘ ’ a n d l ater o n the a uthor o f the Tab akat - i - Nasiri notes

a a a a t a a a a - i - a th t he h lted in Sist n pl ce c lled Gumb z B loch , a a f slight indic tion , but su ficient to show their presence

. i s a in the country There , however , no historic l evidence a s to wh a t h appened to the Baloch e s during this period a a a previous to their ppe r nce in Sind , which is first men i n d f t o e in the middle o the thirteenth century . It seems prob a ble th a t there were two movements o f th e a a a of B loch r ce in this period , e ch which corresponded with a conquest a ffecting a grea t . p art o f the Asia tic world . The first w a s the a bandonment of Karman an d the settle a an d a a ment in Sist n Western M kr n , corresponding with

1 - l h ika at D 1 3 1 4 . Ja . . . 9 9 mi u y in E , ii , 2 ’ ’ 1 2 Curz on s a 89 . 203 . Persi , , i 3 4 THE BALOCH RAC E the Seljuq inva sion an d the overthrow of the D ail ami a n d Gh a zn a wi power in Persia ; the second move w a s to E a M kran an d stern e the Sindh border , corresponding with the inva sions o f Cha ngiz Khan an d the wanderings of

a a ddi n Man b rn i In a a J l lu g a M kr n . This second movement introduced the Baloch e s first a a n d a w a into the Indus V lley , prep red the y for the third a n d a a a a a l st migr tion , by which gre t portion of the B loch a a r ce wa s precipita ted into the pl ains of India . The l st movement corresponds in its commencement with the c of a an d a onquests T imur , in its l ter developments with the n inva sions of India by Baba r an d the Argh u s .

a a a are a a Although historic l d t w nting , their pl ce is to s a a ome extent supplied by tr dition , which mong the

Baloch e s a of a a a , especi lly the tribes the Sul im n Mount ins , an d a a an d a is full circumst nti l , cont ined in numerous ? a a a a a a a a heroic b ll ds of ncient d te The tr dition l n rr tive , a s far a s an a m a a it possesses y v lue , y be s id to commence a a with the soj ourn in Sist n . Before th t the legend simply a a Baloch e s a a sserts th t the were descended from Mir H mz , ’ a n d a a a n d a the Prophet s uncle , from P ri , th t they took ' ’ part in the wars o f Ali s sons against Ya zid an d fough t

a t a . Kerbel This is merely the introduction , the descent from some Muh amm a d an nota ble or from someone men tion e d - an i s a in the Qur , which considered necess ry to a a a a a s Kalh ora s every respect ble Mus lm n r ce , just the of Sindh an d the D audpotra s o f B ah awalpur cla im descent ' A a a n d of u to Muh am from bb s , the sons Hind s converted m a dan i sm are a kh an d ure sh i s of c lled Shei_, blossom into Q

a n d the purest blood . Between Kerbela Sistan there is a a a n d a a a g p, the settlement in the l tter is re lly the st rting

Bal h r point of the legend . The oc e s a e represented in the a a a s a a a a a a a s old b ll ds , I h ve lw ys he rd the t le rel ted , a rriving in Sistan a n d being hospit ably received by a King ’ - n amed Sh am su d din . After a time another King a rose

1 far a s a m a a all a a a a As I w re , the b ll ds of this n ture h ve been

c a Bal o ch e s a n d M ekran . ollected mong the Northern , none in A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL S K ETCH 3 5

’ - n d a a . n amed B dru d din , who persecuted drove them out o w a w a s a a o f a an N , there re lly M lik Sist n , independent o f a a affari s ruler the dyn sty cl iming descent from the S , ’ - h am su d A . H . 5 5 9 . n amed S din , who died in He is de ? a s a a t a scribed cruel tyr n , h ted by his people It is quite possible th a t he m ay ha ve utilized the services of the Baloch e s a , who were cert inly settled to some extent in a a t a s a l h i s Sist n this time , mercen ries to upho d power . ’ - B a dr u d din is not so ea sily identified . ’ ’ About thirty years a fter Sh am su d - din s dea th Sistan

A . H a bec ame tributa ry to the Ghori kings ( . who m in t ain e d their power until Ch angiz Kh an deva stated the a o f Si i stan country , but the M liks j continued to rule ’ w a s a a - Kidani a under them . There B dru d din mong the ’ a - sa Ma liks of Ghiy su d din Ghori , but it is impossible to y h ad a But whether he ever power in Sist n . it seems most

’ probable th at the convulsions a ttending Changiz Khan s a a a inv sion forced most of the B loch tribes out of Sist n , an d a lso drove ea st a n y who m ay h a ve still lingered in

Karman . The whole legend is by some a uthorities loca ted ? a a an d a a in K rm n , not in Sist n But I h ve never myself l h met with this version a mong the Ba oc e s . Tha t a grea t migration a mong the tribes took pl a ce a t this period does

f r n ot a dmit o doubt . Within thirty o forty yea rs we re a d of Baloch e s a h a d r iding in Sindh , where they previously been unknown .

’ The legend i s to the effect th a t Ba dr u d - din dema nded a a - bola ks l bride from e ch of the forty four of the Ba och e s .

a - They pretended to gree , but sent him forty four boys

a s a n d a ut f dressed girls , themselves m rched o o the country to a void his vengea nce when the deception wa s

. t discovered He , however , sen the boys ba ck to their

’ ‘ ’ 1 - - Ra v e rt s T a b a at i a . 1 89 See y k N siri , i . 2 ‘ ’ - Se e Ra m i a a . 1 a a . 1 6 Hetu , Beloch n m . Tr ns Douie ; L hore , p ,

1 885 . . . a a a S a H R gives the n me of the B loch le der, under h m

’ ’ - di n a s Ilm a sh u a n d a n a - su d , R mi , th t of his son , u der B dru d din , a s a h Gul Chir g . 3 6 THE BALOC H R A C E

a - a a an d wa s f milies , but pursued the tribes into Kech M kr n , defea ted by them there . In Ma kran the Baloch e s fought a a a a a Harfin a a n a g inst ruler n med H rin or , prob bly Ar b of a a s a i the co st , the pl ce where the fight took pl a ce s

am a - a a or f n ed H rin b nd r, the port o Harli n . Another ' a a a a a a on n me in the b ll ds is J gin , which is pl ce the a t f a a n o ar a . a co st of M kr n , from J sk The origin l tribes of a a a a a s a n d a t M kr n seem to h ve been m inly J tt , the time of the Arab conquest they are frequently a lluded to under the name of Z utt an d no doubt some Ara b settlements h ad a a s a . a been m de then , now, on the co st Th t some of these tribes were destroyed a n d others a bsorbed a n d a a a a a ssimil ted by the B loch inv ders is extremely prob ble , but we a re without a n y inform a tion a s to wh at extent this a took pla ce . But the legend ary ccount refers the origin of the m a in divisions of the B a loch ra ce to this period .

a a a of a a a Mir J l l Kh n , son Ji nd , is s id to h ve been ruler

all Ba lo ch e s . a over the He left four sons , n med Rind ,

a a a n d a a n d a a a ato L sh r , Hot , Kor i , d ughter n med J , who r w a s m arried to his nephew Murad . These five a e the a of a eponymous founders of the five gre t divisions the r ce ,

L h i K r i n i ar a s ar s o a s a d ato s . e the Rinds , , Hots , , J There , a a n however , some tribes which c nnot be brought within y an d a a of these divisions , ccordingly we find ncestors duly provided for them in some gene alogies . Two more sons —A i re are a dded to the list l a n d Bulo . From Bulo a ’ Bule dhi s an d A a a descended the , from li s two sons , Gh z n c a n d Um ar a re Gh a zan i a a n d , derived the M rris the c i Um aran s (now sc a ttered a mong severa l tribes) . I m ay ‘ ’ here note th at the genealogies given in the Tuh fatu L 1 a a a an d a re a a Kir m seem to be pocryph l , not in ccord nce

’ a lalu d with Ba loch tra dition . It is there a sserted th a t J

w a s on e o f a n d a - a din fifty brothers , th t he received one h lf

o f a a a - a n d the inherit nce , the rest t king h lf between them ,

1 C 6 . a l D . 33 a See E . , i . This is the tr dition l uded to by olonel ’ Tu h fa tu l - B 1 5 ar i . a A . S . 89 . J . . . Mockler ( , , p , p The Kir m is

- a l a te eighteenth century compila tion .

3 8 THE BALOCH RACE

i s a a There long list of Somr kings in the Chronicles , no

a a f less th n five of whom bore the n me o Doda. The a a a chronology is very uncert in , but Dod IV . seems to h ve reigned a bout the middle of the thirteenth century

H . i i (A . In the time of h s father Kh af f a body of Ba loch e s an d a entered Sindh , llied themselves with two dh a n d h r s a o as J a e a . a . loc l tribes , the S j When Dod IV Baloch e s an d Jh are as a succeeded , the j forsook the Sodh d a a an . a lli nce , supported him In the time of Um r , the we a a Balo ch e s a next king , g in find the entering into com a Sa mm as So dh as a n d Jatt s Jh are as bin tion with the , , ( j ) , amm as a but this did not la st long . The S m de terms for a n d a h a d a themselves , their llies to submit , which prob bly mea ns th a t the Baloch e s retired into the mountains . There is no evidence th a t they m a de an y perm anent settle

at of a . ment in the pla ins this time . In the reign Dod V a w a s a an d the Somr rule fin lly overthrown , the power a a of Sam m as a p ssed into the h nds the , who est blished a wh a t is known a s the Jam dyn a sty . This event took pl ce ‘ a a t of u a prob bly the end the thirteenth cent ry , while Al u ’ d - a w a s a . din Kh lj i reigning t Delhi A Story , evidently

a a - i derived from popul r folklore , is told in the T rikh ‘ ’ a c ir 1 a a a c . A D . 600 a M sumi (written . ) bout Dod s extr ordin ry ? a dventures He wins the favour of Sult a n Ma udud of ’ a Gh zni by his power of seeing through men s bodies , which enables him to fish o ut two sn akes which the Sultan h a d a a n d a . sw llowed , is fin lly restored to his dominions

a a I. Possibly the legend referred origin lly to Dod , who lived while the Gha zn avi dyna sty still existed (his death ‘ ? A . 4 a H . 85 a ii . wa s is pl ced in , while M s d III reigning) This story begins with the esca pe of Doda from his enem ies an d his crossing the river Indus .

1 ’ - - 4 i i a D . . . a i D . 8 a . . a 4 See T r kh M sumi , E , . ; lso E , i p , ppendix ; ’ n a a - i Ib M u t kh bu t ta war kh i d . 2 . D . . 22 1 . E , i 3 Ra v e rt J . A . S . B . 1 892 . 225 a a a w a s y , , , p (note), s ys th t Dod ‘ ’ - a i . contempora ry with Abdu r r sh d of Gha zni ( A H . He does not a mention the uthority . A H ISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 3 9

To turn now to the B aloch legend of the origin of the a a w a s of a a Dodais . Dod Somr turned out Th th by his

a n d a a a brethren , esc ped by swimming his m re cross the

a a b ut Indus . He c me h lf frozen in the morning to the of a a a b a Rind n med S l e , who took him down from the m re , an d a h i s , to revive him , put him under the bl nkets with h Mudh a Mud o . a wa a o d ughter He fter rds m rried him to , ‘ ’ an d a s a a a a a m an , the b ll d s ys , For the wom n s s ke the a a a h ad a a a Ja h dal a bec me B loch , who been J tt , g , a t a a an d a nobody ; he dwelt H rr nd under the hills , f te

’ a ll a m de him the chief o f a . His descend nts were the

a a a a a th e Baloch Dod i tribe , which took le ding pl ce mong e s a a an d s on Gori sh a a t in the South P nj b , his g ve his n me o

a a . the Gorsh ni , or Gurch ni , tribe It m ay be conj ectured tha t at the bre ak - up of the Somra a o f a a power section the tribe , he ded by their chief Dod , a t t Baloch e s Mekran llied i self wi h the , who were then in a n d a a an d in the mount ins dj oining Sindh , , becoming a a a a a a a s a gr du lly ssimil ted , ultim tely took their pl ce l h a . a r Ba oc s a a a B loch tribe Although they e e in ppe r nce , an d a a a a h a s a a spe k the B lochi l ngu ge , it lw ys been recognised th a t the Gurch an i s (now the princip a l tribe of

a Mirrani a re . s a r Dod i origin) not of pure blood The , nothe a a a e Dod i tribe long of gre t import nce , whose chiefs wer

a a a a a h a are for two hundred ye rs N w bs of Der Gh zi K n ,

a n d d now broken up ecayed . In addition to the five m a in tribes an d the others j ust t are a a a men ioned , there lso few tribes of lower st tus

are bo la ks which supposed to represent the four servile , l k which were a ssocia ted with the forty B aloch b o a s . These are GO an s D a sh ti s adh i s h olo s an d a s the p g , , G , G , perh p

r . a a a s a a some othe s The B loch n tion , therefore , it ppe red

o n a a in the fifteenth century , the eve of the inv sion of Indi , wa s m a de up o f the following elements (1 ) The five m ain bodies of undoubted Baloch descent

v iz . L a a a a , the Rind , sh ri , Hot , Kor i , J toi ;

2 a a M kran—viz ( ) The groups fterw rds formed in e , the ‘ B ude dh i s h a zani n d i , G s , a Um aran s 4 0 THE BALOCH RACE

(3) The Dodai s ; an d 4 ( ) The servile tribes . a Gi ch ki s Me kran an d th e And since th t period the in ,

akran i s m a a a J in Sindh , see to h ve been ssimil ted in com arativ el p y modern times . Nothing more is heard o f the Baloch e s in Sindh a fter a of Som ras a a a n d a the f ll the for ne rly hundred fifty ye rs , a lthough there m ay h ave been occa sion a l ra ids which a re not recorded . Their next appea ra nce there is in the reign Jam u h l A 1 423 ar T a . D e a s of g q ( . when they recorded

a a a a t n r iding ne r Bhakh a r . There w s this period a e w

’ a a o f h a a si feeling of restlessness bro d , w ich T imur s inv on o f a w a s a n a a s Indi the instig ti g c use , the conquests of the Se ljuqs a n d of Ch angiz Kh an h a d been of the e arlier movements . The rem ains o f the once powerful Tugh laq a of a a an d a mon rchy Dehli dis ppe red , succession of feeble a a rulers llowed the Lodi Afgh ns to seize the sovereignty , a n d opened a tempting prospect to needy a dventurers from

o f a beyond the border . This led to inva sions Indi from a a n d three distinct sources . First , those of B ber his

S O - a a a ta Turks , c lled Mugh ls , which culmin ted in the es b li sh m e n t o f a E o f the Mugh l mpire ; secondly , those the A a a a a a rgh ns , he ded by Sh h Beg , which est blished tem

ora r a a a a a a p y dyn sty in Sindh , sweeping w y the S mm J ms a n d a Balo ch e s , thirdly , th t of the , which , though it did

a an a a a not est blish y dyn sty , contributed more import nt element to the popul a tion of Northern India th a n either o f the others . Before their fin al descent into India the Balo ch e s seem a a of a a n o w to h ve been in occup tion the Kil t highl nds , t a a held by the Brah oi s . It seems a lea st prob ble th t their w ars with the Brah oi s h ad some connection with their a a us n onw rd movement , but their own tr dition tells nothi g f a th e o it . It is commonly sserted by writers on subject a a a a wa s a th t Hindu tribe c lled Sew in possession of Kil t , a n d th a t they called in the services of the Brah oi s to B l h Bra h i o s protect them a gainst the a o c e s . Some hold the A HISTORICAL AND ETH NOLOGIC A L SK ETC H 4 1

a o f a n d a to be borigines the country , this ide seems to be ba sed o n the fa ct of their l angu a ge conta ining a strong

a a a Dr vidi n element , but they themselves cl im , like the i t Balo ch e s a Ha a . s a a a , to h ve come from l b It le st theory worthy of some considera tion th a t they a re identical with

o f Ba a a . the Koch , the neighbours the loch in K rm n The a s a e a s Koch , we h ve seen , were often d scribed very like

a n d a . the Kurds , were sometimes even c lled Kurds There is still a powerful tribe a mong the Brah oi s bea ring th e a an d a a Kirds n me of Kurd , or Kird , cl n of is even found Br h oi a a l a mong the B aloch Ma z ari . The a l ngu ge is sti l — a Balo ch e s - a - a a c lled by the Kur g li , or Kir g li th t is , the — l angu a ge of the Kurds although it h a s no connection with

a a an a a a the Kurdish l ngu ge , which is Ir ni n di lect with

a a . w a t some points of resembl nce to B lochi It is , ho ever ,

a a a s a a t present impossible to do more th n st te , prob bili y ,

a Bra h oi s a a n d a t th t the c me from the west , th t heir occup ation o f the highl a nds h ad something to do with the w B a loch descent on the plains . The sepa ra tion bet een the Northern Ba loch e s a n d those of Me kran dates from this period . The movement of the tribes took on this occa sion a a a an d northerly direction , their obj ective being r ther Mult n a the Southern Pa n j b th an Sindh strictly s o c alled . 1 a a a a n The R jput tribe n med L ng h , lo g since converted

a a a h a d a a n to Muh mm d nism , est blished independent

H . 4 kingdom at Multan under their chief Rai Sehra (A . 8 7

’ - A . D . ut w a s who took the title of O bu d din . He

s A . H . 874 a a ucceeded in by his son , Sh h Hus in , who

H . A . D . reigned till A . 908 ( It w a s during his reign th a t the first settlement of Baloch e s in the Pan j ab w a s m a a a a a a de by M lik Sohr b Dod i , who c me to Mult n with h i s a h a a h a a n d a a sons Gh zi K n , F th K n , Ism il Kh n , a n d a a B l h a a u l rge number of a o c e s . Sh h Hus in e c o ura ge d them a n d gave them a j agi r extending from

1 Firi sh ta a a a c lls them Afgh ns , but there seems no doubt th t they w ere Rajputs . 4 2 THE BALOCH RACE

a a on a Kot K ror to Dh nkot , evidently condition of milit ry

Bal ch s a o f n . o e a service Other , he ring this , c me flocki g

a n d a a O a of in , gr du lly bt ined possession the whole country t an d a t— a sa between Si pur Dh nko , th t is to y, the present

r district o f Mu z afa rga h bet ween the Indus an d the Ch anab . ’ The chief a uthorities for these events are F iri sh ta s history ? of the Kings of Multan a n d the Tabakat - i - Akba ri Fi ri sh ta a a a n d l h n d a c lls the newcomers both Dod is Ba oc e s , a s ys

a am a n d a th t they c e from Kech Makran . Soon fter this

a a Jam a a two brothers belonging to the S mm tribe , B y zid an d Jam a h a d a Jam a a Ibr him , who qu rrelled with N nd ’ a - di n a a of a a s (or Niz mu d ) , the S mm ruler Sindh , c me — ah a an d a a a V i z . refugees to Sh Hus in , lso obt ined j girs , h h n d U c a a . Shor Shorkot , now in the Jh ng district) Jam B aya zid beca me a person of grea t influence an d com

’ ’ a of a u in a m nder the Sh ah s a rmies . After Sh h H sa s de th an d a f a the ccession o Sh ah Mahm d he went into rebellion .

a a a A tempor ry reconcili tion took pl ce , but there seems to h ave been a good dea l o f friction between Malik Sohrab a an am Ba Dod i d J ya zid . This circumsta nce is connected with the second settlement of Balo ch e s under Mir Chaka r a a a n a ll Ba lo ch e s to Rind , whose n me is celebr ted mo g up the present day . 2 a an d son a a a o r ac Mir Ch kur Rind his Mirz Sh hd d ( , cord a an d a a a ing to some , his two sons Sh hid Sh hd ) c me from

a n d a . a a a Sivi (Sibi) seeking service l nds M lik Sohr b Dod i , o ut al a ah a of j e ousy , prevented Sh h M mud from ccepting

Jam a a a his services ; whereupon B y zid took up his c use , h i a n d a ssigned m l ands from his o wn j agir of U ch h .

a h ad a According to the legends , Mir Ch kur two sons n med

a a a n d a b a . a a w a s a Sh hz d Sh i k Sh hz d of mir culous origin , his mother h a ving been oversh a do wed by some mysteriou s

1 . 4 0 . D . . 7 E , v

a a a a s The n me is v riously written . Briggs, in his tr nsl tion , give M i r Ja kar Z a nd ; the lithogra phed Lucknow edition of F iri sh ta

5 a " 5 2 Or . M N C 6 . a k 3 S . . 7 . gives <5 1 1 while the British Museum , f

- - 6 14 a s a i a . D . . , gives it The T rikh Sher Sh hi ( in E , iv

3 - 89 39 7 ) gives Chakur Rind correctly . A HISTORICAL A N D ETHNOLOGICAL S K E TC H 4 3

a a o f power . A mystic l poem in B lochi on the origin a a a s a s a Mult n is ttributed to him , well one on the s ck of a a Fi ri sh t Dehli . It is rem arka ble tha t Sh hd d is s aid by a ‘ to h ave been the first to introduce the Shi a creed into ’ a a Ch akur s Mult n . The riv lry between the Rinds ( tribe) n d a the Dodais is also the subj ect of m any poems . o f a a a Other poems , forming the bulk the legend ry b ll ds , de al with the w a r which took pl a ce between the Rinds an d L a sh aris an d a an d lso between both of them the Turks , an d a ssert th a t it wa s the loss of Sibi an d Ka chhi which forced Mir Ch akur an d his Rinds to migra te to the P anj ab . To understand the true me aning of these legends it is necess ary to go b a ck to the inva sion of Sindh by the Ar h un — a g s the Turks of the Ba loch story . The Argh ns were a Mugha l family who cla imed descent from Changiz ’ -n ii s Khan . Zu n n Beg Arghun rose to power a Minister

a a Ba ikara a on e under Sult n Hus in of Her t , of the f a a descenda nts o Ta im r . He obt ined the Government of

a a a a a a . Q nd h r , where he m de himself pr ctic lly independent

a a w a a a The first inv sion of K chhi , by y of the Bol n P ss ,

- a A H . 0 A D . a a took pl ce in . 89 ( Sh h Beg comm nded o n a of a an d a a s far a s beh lf his f ther , penetr ted the

Jam a a u a an d Indus ; N nd , the S mm Chief, opposed him i D . defeated an d drove him b a ck a t Jalug r in A . ’ ’ A - Be S ' d a w ar a a a fter Z u n nun g e th in g inst the Uzbegs , Sh h w as o ut o f a a a Beg , who succeeded him , driven Q nd h r by a D 1 n d a a n d a a A . 50 a B b r in . 7 , took refuge in Sh l Must ng a t a a a a the he d of the Bol n P ss , where he must h ve come l a into contact with the Ba oc h e s . Sha h Beg ultim tely lost

a a a a n d a Q nd h r , determined to build up new throne for 1 1 1 A D . 5 1 . himself in India . He inva ded Sindh in A . H . 9 7 ( ) n d d . . . m mas a an A . H 2 A D a 9 7 ( overthrew the S , ? esta blished his power He enlisted the services of some of - a Baloch e s a n d a a the hill tribes , prob bly , we lso re d of

1 a o f a For good sketch of the history this period , see Gener l ’ ‘ ’ H a i s a 1 89 4 84 . g The Indus Delt Country , , p . 2 ’ ‘ ’ Se e a a a a n d a u 1 854 . 352 lso Erskine s Lives of B b r Hum y n , , i , ’ - - d a D 2 36 . an a i u . . etc . the T rikh M s mi in E , i . 4 4 THE B ALOCH RACE a force o f Balo ch e s serving under Jam Feroz ; s o th at it is probable that riva l B aloch tribes fought on a s opposite Sides . This is borne o ut by Ba loch legend to a an d L a sh ari s the riv lry between the Rinds , in which

’ the Turks under Z unfi (Zu n - n fin Beg) an d the King of ? Jam a a an a a Sibi , Nind , pl y import nt p rt The Rinds were a a n d L a sh ari s Gwah aram under Mir Ch kur , the under , who

a a a a were riv ls for the h nd of the f ir Goh r , the owner of a n d a a . a a l rge herds of c mels Goh r preferred Mir Ch kur ,

- a a . a this led to qu rrel A horse r ce , in which the Rinds are a a a st ted to h ve won by trickery , precipit ted the out ’ h ari h break . Some L a s s killed some o f Go ar s young d u a an a . a c mels , Ch k r thereupon swore revenge A desper te

w ar a a a . beg n , which l sted for thirty ye rs At first the a an d a a Rinds were defe ted , they seem to h ve c lled on the

a id a a a a Turks for , but fter v rious fluctu tions Ch kur with

a n d a th e a a . most of his Rinds left Sibi , m de for P nj b L a sh ari s a a t a a a an d a The rem ined G nd v , some Rinds m in tain e d at a a far their position Shor n , both pl ces not from

Sibi in the pl ain of Ka chhi . These events constitute the

a a a a n d of Ili d of the B loch r ce , form the subj ect numerous picturesque b alla ds which h a ve been h a nded down verb ally ? to the present day It h a s been shown a bove how Mir Ch akur arrived a t

a an d a a a n d Mult n , how the riv lry rose between the Rinds the Dodais . The legend ary lore de als with this subject a an d a a a H um a fi n a lso , it is st ted th t Ch kur j oined y fter

a o n a an d a t a a t w rds his m rch to Dehli , l st settled down

r Satga h a (in the Montgomery District of the Panj ab) . His an d a a tomb still exists there , there is consider ble Rind

1 On e b alla d represents Ch akur a s taking refuge with Sultan Sha h

a H a re v a a Hus in of Sult n Hus in of Herat) . 2 Some of these I published with a tra n sla tion in my Sketch of the ’ a a a J A S . B a a n d Northern B lochi L ngu ge ( . . . , extr number , ‘ ’ ’ M i r a m others in The Adventures of Ch kur , included in Te ple s ‘ ’ n a . a a n d Legends of the Pu j b , vol ii . Others h ve been printed

. d 1 9 0 a a . J . . a an a 0 tr nsl ted by the Rev T L M yer (Fort Munro Agr , an d

4 6 THE B A LOCH RACE

a a a n d Satla a n d a n d the Chen b , the R vi , the j, the Dod is a a n d Hots up the Indus the Jehla m . B ab ar found th e

Ba lo ch e s a s a a a a a , he st tes in his utobiogr phy , s e rly a s A D 1 1 . . 5 9 at Bhera an d Khushab an d it m ay be inferred a a for a a th t these were Dod is , when Sher Sh h rrived a t

a A . D . 1 546 of Hum a fi n w a s Khush b in , in pursuit y , he o f a — a . a a met by the three sons Sohr b Kh n Viz , Ism il Kh n ,

a a an d a a —an d F th Kh n , Gh zi Kh n he confirmed to them ‘ ’ of the country Sindh , by which must be understood

a use of — a i s a Sindh in the loc l the word th t , the l nds lying a o D e ra at h ad l ng the Indus , the j , where these brothers ? ‘ formed settlements The three towns o f Der a Isma il

h a a a a an d a a a a K n , Der Gh zi Kh n , Der F th Kh n still be r ’ a an d a a I at a o f their n mes , Gh zi Kh n s tomb S the vill ge

a a a a a a . a Chur tt , ne r Der Gh zi Kh n The d te is lost , but

’ a n Ak r it be rs a inscription of ba s time . Ismail Kh an h a d to give up the lands belonging to a holy m an na med a a a a h a d Sheikh B y zid S rw ni , of which he been in posses L an ah s an d sion Since the time of the g , received in ? exch ange the p a rga n a o f Ni n dun a in the Gh akh a r country ’ In Akb ar s time there a re occa sion al notices o f expedi l h a tions a gainst the Ba oc e s . They do not seem to h ve a a s a a a n d entered his milit ry service the Persi ns , Mugh ls , a an d a a are Afgh ns did , B loch n mes conspicuous by their

of ma n sa bdars A - i - a a bsence in the list in the in Akb ri , in

l on e n a —vi z a ar a - a which on y me occurs , P h Kh n B loch , a comm ander o f two hundred . E ven this n me is not

B alochi in origin . After the Rinds h a d left Ka chhi the L a sh ari s seem to h a ve a ccomp anied Shah Beg Argh fin a n d his successor a a a Jam Sh ah Husain in his w rs g inst Feroz , whom he a a a a s pursued tow rds Guj r t , the legend represents them a s a a a a n d a a a inv ding Guj r t , fterw rds returning to K chhi an d obtaining a grant of Gun dav a from the king . The

1 - - D 3 88 . a i a . . . T rikh Sher Sh hi , E , iv 2 ’ a a i - i - S a w a s The uthor of the T r kh Sher h hi , who records this , gr andson of Sheikh Baya zid . A H ISTORIC A L A N D ETHNOLOGICAL S K ETC H 4 7

Ma h a s si a a L a s h ari s g tribe , br nch of the , still occupy th a t

L a sh ari s a neighbourhood . Other must h ve joined the a a a a s a a a a inv ders of the P nj b , strong L sh ri cl n is still a a Gurch ani s a a n d Ji stkan is a tt ched to the (Dod is) , the , a L a sh ari s a a a at a a cl n of the , est blished princip lity M nker ,

- sa a a . a a in the Sindh g r Do b In f ct , the e rly successes of the Rinds a n d Dodais seem to h a ve led to something like a n ation al migra tion . The poems describe it in picturesque language a o f The noble Rinds were in B mpur , in the groves

an d a a D o mbki s a Kech M kr n , with the , the gre test house l h a mong the dwellings of the Ba oc e s . The Rinds a n d

L a h ari s a a an d a : s m de bond together s id Come , let us le ave this b arren l and ; let us spy o ut the running streams an d a a n d am sweet w ters , distribute them ong us ; let us

a of . a t ke no heed tribe or chief They c me to their homes , a a L the chiefs c lled to their sl ves , oose the slender chestnut a a a fillie s— m res from their st lls , s ddle the young steeds — worth nine thousand drive in the camels from the p a sses . The warriors called to their wives : Come ye down from your a o ut a n d a a a n d c stles , bring your beds wr ppings , c rpets red a a n d a bl nkets , pillows striped rugs , cups c st in the mould , a n d drinking - vessels o f Makran ; for Chakur will no longer ” a a far a . bide here , but seeks l nd So the generous Rinds a an d rode forth in their overco ts long red boots , with an d arm ie ce s a n d helmets p , bows quivers , silver knives ’ ’ n d — a daggers forty thousand of them rode a t the Mir s call . a a So they sw rmed down into the pl ins , seizing the fertile

a a n d a - a n d a a l nds gr zing grounds , lw ys , if possible , keeping ? near to a screen of hills a s a shelter Some tribes w an dered far a field . Among the first must h ave been the Ch an d a s a n a to a a s y , who g ve their me the tr ct known

1 The extent of the migra tion m ay be judged from the fa ct tha t a

1 89 1 n a a recent census ( ) showed B al oc h e s in Sind a d the P nj b .

a a a Only h ve been enumer ted in the Kel t territory, while the

M e kra n a n d a a a a a figures for Persi n B lochist n , not ccur tely known , m ay be roughly put at 4 8 TH E BA LOCH RA CE

a a I a a an d Ch ndko long the ndus , j ust where the P nj b Sindh

. a an d meet The Hots pressed northw rds , settled with the

a at a a a Dod is Der Ism il Kh n , which they held for two

a a a an d hundred ye rs , until deprived of it by P th ns ; the Kulach i s founded the town which be ars their n ame nea r

. n o w a a a by It belongs to the G nd pur Afgh ns , but the K l h i ’ u ac s a . Ji stkan is still inh bit the countryside The , a s h a s a a of a been seen , settled in the s ndy w ste the centr l

- a a a an d of Mi rrani a Sindh S g r Do b , south them the Dod is , who were a lso N awabs of Dera Gh azi Khan till the time of a Ma z ari s a r u at a N dir Sh ah . e still fo nd Ch tta B akhsh a

h r in Jh ang . T e Rinds a e in l a rge numbers in the districts a a Muz afar a rh an d a of Mult n , Jh ng , g , Montgomery , Sh hpur ; Ja toi s an d Korai s a re S a a the pre d over the s me districts , while the Gopan gs an d Gurm an i s are concentrated in

g f r Mu a arga h . These represent the descend ants of the l a a tribe s which fol owed Mir Ch kur , but others st yed behind , a n d some are said to h ave turned b a ck from Tulumba in a a n d a Mult n recrossed the Indus , wishing to keep ne r the a i s a a a mounta ins . Ch kur s id to h ve incited the Dod is to a a a a n d w a r tt ck the tribes th t refused to follow him , this is a lso the subj ect of m a ny ballads . The tribes which rem ained on the right b a nk o f the Indus are those which a a a a an d a h ve ret ined their l ngu ge their trib l constitution , while the rest h ave in va rying degrees become a ssimila ted to their Ja tt an d Rajp at n eighbours ; an d a s those who spe ak Ba lochi s ay : Those wh o followed Chakur h ave a a w h o a a a become J tt , while those st yed behind h ve rem ined ’ B l h a a a o c e s . And this also expl ins the prominence obt ined

Ja t i s an d Ko rai s a on . o by the Rinds The Hots , , p ssed , a n d a a re a a s a a a their descend nts found sc ttered , I h ve lre dy

L a sh ari s a Me kran o r sta ted . Most of the st yed behind in a tum an s a Ka chhi . But the org nized , which rem in to the — da th e ulaim an s an d D e ra at . present y in S the j Viz , the a M rri , Bu h ti h ambani g (including S ) , a a M z ri , A HISTORICAL A N D ETHNOLOGICAL SK ETCH 4 9

a Drish k , tum an s Lund (two ) , a Legh ri , a Khos , a Nutk ni , a Bozd r , — Ka srani — are a e on e vi z . m inly Rinds whil , the Gurchani d a an a a a a a . is Dod i , with Rind L sh ri cl ns tt ched to it a an d Of the tribes in K chhi Northern Sindh , the following a re Rinds a n Rind (of Shor n) , includi g the a a of Ghul m Bol k Sibi , Um arani Dombki , ,

a Ch a n d a . Khos , y Ma h assi a re L a sh ari s Bule dhi d a The g , the (or Bur i) a a a an d a a a a a sep r te B loch stem , the J kr ni ssimil ted J tt ;

a a a a a . the K hiri , possibly S yyids by origin , lso now ssimil ted The Bule dh i seem to h ave accomp anied the Rinds into a a an d ow the Sul im n Hills ; there the country , n occupied a a Bu h ti s an d Gurch ani s wa s a in p rt by M rris , g , , long of an d or e zh bone contention between them the G g Rinds , n d l i a a Ka mat . prob bly the , too The struggle between ? Gorge zh an d Bule dh i forms the subj ect of song an d legend After they were expelled from the hills they settled near h ad a a a a the Indus , where they m ny w rs with the M z ri

. f Rinds Their country is known a s Burdika . One o the songs attributed to Balach Gorge zh in his war with the Bule dh i s a s th e S t is worth quoting , it expresses very piri of the B aloch of the mountains ’ The mounta ins are the Balo ch e s forts these hills a re

a an a . ar ur a better th n rmy The lofty heights e o comr des , a ur i s the p thless gorges o friends . Our drink from the a of our flowing springs , our cups the le f the phish , beds

1 ‘ ’ a a a n d Bul e dh i s 189 3 See the story of B l ch the in Folklore , ,

. 20 p 0 . 5 0 THE BALOCH RACE

o ur the thorny brush , the ground pillow . My horse is

a a . F or ou m a a a my white s nd ls my sons y y t ke the rrows , for a a my brethren the bro d shield , for my f ther the wide ’ wounding sword . The Gorge zh h a ve also pa ssed a way from the country a an d where this struggle took pl ce , only a fragment of the i s n ow a t a a . l i tribe found Th li , ne r Sibi The Ka m at s a a an d fterw rds held the country , were succeeded by the a a i a a H s n , who were broken up bout seventy ye rs ago by a a a an d Bu h ti s c ombin tion b etween the M rris g . Only a s m all body o f Ha sani s n o w rem ains a s a cla n among the r n f i Kh e t a s . The deserted villa ges o the Ha san s m ay still be seen on the plan of Ne sao . The settlement of the Baloch e s in Sindh wa s very an d a a a of a o f a extensive , perh ps qu rter the popul tion th t c a a ountry cl ims B loch descent , but , like those settled in a a a a re or a a the P nj b pl ins , they more less ssimil ted to a Talb ur their India n neighbours . The T lpur (properly ) i a of Kalh ora s Am rs who ruled Sindh fter the overthrow the , a o f a r in the la tter p rt the eighteenth century , e believed to a a of L e h ari s of a be descended from br nch the g Choti , ne r 1 a i T lbur a D a a s a a . er Gh zi Kh n , where there still ph lli They seem to h a ve been in a humble position when they a to n or i s th a a on e of an first c me Sindh , e Legh ri ph lli y a a an ld importance . The n ame occurs in fr gment of o a a a of a a b ll d in list servile tribes , s id to h ve been presented a h i s a a a s a by Mir Ch kur to sister B n ri wedding portion , a n d set free by h e r ‘ Kirds Gabols Ga dah i s Talburs an d The , , , the , the ’ a of a a a ll a e S a a n d a M rris K h n , were Ch kur l ves , he g ve them a s a dowry to Banari on the day of wa shing her hea d seven days a fter the weddin g) but sh e se t them ’ ’

a n d n ot a t a . free , would ccept the gif in God s n me a f a Leech gives nother version o this , including tribe

1 a Mir a a a See the interesting ccount , by N sir Kh n T lpur , of ’ ‘ ’ a a a a E astw i ck s a 1 85 1 H id r b d , in Dry Le ves from Young Egypt , , ’ ‘ ’ H i 1 21 1 22 . a a s a . Appendix VI . Also Gener l g Indus Delt Country , pp , A HIS TORICAL AND ETHNOLOGIC A L SK ETCH 5 1

a Pach alo an d a a - n med , third version dds the rotten boned Bo zdars but evidently a rhyme like this is liable to be a f varied ccording to the prepossessions o the reciter . ’ w as a at a a a Leech s version , however , obt ined K l t fifty ye rs a n d m two O a before mine , y versions were bt ined from ff so a o a a a di erent tribes , th t it is pr b ble th t the n mes , in

a ll a a re . talbur a which gree , old The word me ns wood ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ t b - ta a a an d ur a h . cutter , from , br nch , g , to cut A a a a a of a a Lund b rd , with gre t comm nd gene logies , tr ces a a a an Talbur a Mir Bij r Kh n T lpur to eponymic , gr ndson a Bule dhi s of Bulo , which would m ke them in origin ; but , a s a a a a lre dy st ted , the Amirs themselves considered th t h i they were L eg ar s . Most of the clans which took pa rt in the great migra tion o f an d Me kran at left some their members behind , in the da a re L a sh ari s Gi sh ka uri s present y found Rinds , , Hots , , an d Bul di a Na ush i rv ani m a a e s . The gre t tribe y perh ps be

a a s a a a a a . cl ssed B loch , lthough gener lly st ted to be Persi ns The Bule di s retained for long an important position a s the a Mekran a ruling r ce in , but in the e rly eighteenth century a Gich ki s a a of they were displ ced by the , tribe s id to be

a an d a a Indi n origin , v riously st ted to be descended from

a r Bal ch e s an d . a e a a s o Sikhs or R jputs They now cl ssed , th ff a a speak e Ba lochi la ngua ge . This a ords a l ter inst nce of a a a a a s a ssimil tion , of the s me n ture th t which took a pl ce with regard to the Dodais in earlier times . But little detailed information a s to the B aloch tribes of 1 ? Mekran i s to be gathered from the a ccounts of travellers a a a are a an d a As to Sist n lso , ccounts v gue contr dictory

1 U a M e kran w a s nfortun tely, not included in the scope of the census ’ - 1 901 an d . 1 9 02 of , Mr Hughes Buller s report, issued in , does not give n a a s a y det ils to the tribes of this province . 2 ‘ ’ a are . J a a 1 876 The best ccounts those of St ohn in E stern Persi , ; ‘ ’ a i a 1874 Bellew (reg rding S st n) in From the Indus to the Tigris , ; ‘ ‘ G oldsm id (in E a stern Ferrier ( C ara va n a n d Pottinger There is nothing in the works of Ma cgregor or

P a S h a s a a a loyer . M jor Molesworth ykes l tely p id ttention to this subject . 5 2 THE BALOCH RACE

a a a Baloch e It is , however , gener lly dmitted th t the s hold a of a a n position gre t import nce there , though not co sidered B l h a a . a a oc e s borigin l Ferrier , however , thought th t the a o f a an d a a s were the borigines Sist n , cl ssed them follows N rvuis Nah ri ci s e ( ) ,

Rinds , Meksi s Ma h assi s g ) , an d he also includes the Sarban di s as Baloch e s ; but this

t . a a a or i are all a an seems doub ful The S nj r ni Tok , gree , a a import nt B loch tribe , but it is left doubtful whether the

ni r a r Br h ii i h ah r i Mam assa s a e B loch o a . The S k s an d Sarba n di s are said to h ave been brought into Si stan by a a a n o a N dir Sh h , but th t is re son for holding them non

a an d a o f Sh ah rki a a B loch the n me the chief , Mir Ch k r , certainly points to a B aloch origin . It c annot evidently be a sserted th a t any of the B a loch tribes n owIn Sistan have m aintained their position ever since the first settlement there . It is more probable th at they are l ater immigrants from Me kran or Persian

Balochista n . It is n ot my obj ect at present to go at length into the h la ter history of the Baloch e s . I Ope that I h ave suc ce e de d a o f an d a in giving some ide their origin w nderings , an d in showing how they c ame to occupy the positions a they now hold . Briefly , the conclusions I h ve come to are a s follows Bal och s ar an a 1 . a e e a a Th t the Ir ni n r ce , j udging by a an d a a a an d a their physic l ment l ch r cteristics , th t they should be cla ssed with the Tajiks an d other original ra ces of the Iranian tablel and . a a m a a 2 . Th t historic lly they y be tr ced first to the north f a o f a a e a o Persi , in the neighbourhood the C spi n S , in the time of the l ater S a ssanians . a a a 3 . Th t their settlement in Kerm n prob bly did not a a a a a an d a t ake pl ce till fter the Muh mm d n Conquest , th t in Si stan n ot before the beginning of the tenth century

a an d M kr n 4 . Th at the movement into Sist n Western e a

A P P E N D I X 1 .

l k . L AN S b o a s a a u I C , or , n med in e rly poetry , with p artic lars

a s to present distribution .

a — on e a s a r B a lm t . Mentioned in poem t wa with the Kal m a ti—. Not now known . Chan d a . a y Now found chiefly in Upper Sindh , in the tr ct r known a s Ch anduka o Chandko . Pa rt of this tra ct zari Ch an d a s a r is held by Ma s . y e also numerous in ' o f Muz afa r a rh n d the districts g a Dera Isma il —Khan . There is a Ch an dya clan in the Leghari tribe Der a a Gh—zi Khan . D a shtt Mentioned a s a servile tribe . Now found scattered a a a a a in sm ll numbers through Der Gh zi Kh n , Der ‘

a a an d Muz afar a rh . Is—m il Kh n , g D ori an This once import ant tribe is not now found under a a r this n a me . Its most import nt represent tives a e ‘ Mirran i of a a a a a a the Der Gh zi Kh n , Der Ism il Kh n , an d a an d a o f Jh ng, the Gurch ni tribe , which the most a a Sh a ih akani Hotw ani import nt p rt , including the , , K a a an d a a a of a h lil ni Alk ni Durk ni cl ns , is Dod i descent . — ombki or D omki . a a a at D , S id in the b ll ds to be the gre est ’ house a mong the B a loch . Chakur speaks o f them a s ’ — grea t in gui tar song or speech an d they are ‘ ’ a D a ta r or o f a still c lled the p , recorders B loch n f genealogy . Owing to this fa ct a d the simil arity o a a of n me , some ccuse them being Doms ; but their a a all high r nk , dmitted by , seems to preclude this a a a a a om bki s idea . A s tiric l Gurch ni b rd s ys The D ’ are little brothers of the Doms . Their present hea d n a quarters are at Lehri in Ka chhi . Their me is said by some to be derived from a river in Persia n amed k D umba . APPENDIX I 5 5

ri sha k — n a D Now a org nized tribe in Dera Ghazi Khan . ’ a A a He dquarters at sni . S id to be descended from a ’ a of a k a i a or comp nion Ch kur , nic n med Dr sh k , ‘ ’ a a a n Strong , from holding up roof th t thre te ed to a on a a coll pse some L sh ri women who were prisoners . M kr Po—ssibly connected with Diz ak in e an . Ga bol . A of a a . servile tribe , now sm ll import nce Found Muz f r r m ainly in a a ga h . —A Gate or Gho la . i a a , serv le tribe ; s id to h ve fought a gainst Chakur ; now the principal clan a mong th e Bule dh i — . Go an . A a a a p g servile tribe , now sc ttered through Muz f r a r a a a I Ian an d a g h , Mult n , Der Gh zi Q , K chhi , chiefly

the former . Gor ezh —A a of a g br nch the Rinds , formerly of gre t power , but much reduced through their wars with th e Bule dh i at a an d ; now found Th li in Sibi , considered a—clan of the Dombki tribe . f . H ot . One o the original m ain sections of the B aloch

Very widely sprea d . They form a powerful tribe still ' Me kran an d a t a a a in , ruled Der Ism il Kh n for two f n d hundred yea rs . Part o the Khosa tribe a the i Balach ani Ma zar s are s aid to be o f Hot descent . They are a Baloch e s a a found lso wherever the h ve spre d , ' a n d are a a h a Muzafar a rh numerous in Der Ism il K n , g , d a an a . a Mult n , Jh ng N me sometimes wrongly spelt

E d t .

a i — an J to . One of the origin al m ain sections . Not now a Balo ch e s org nized tribe , but found wherever the a a M u zafar a rh m h ve spre d , chiefly in g , Montgo ery , ‘ a a h a a Ism a i l h an a a Der Gh zi K_ n , Der K_ , Jh ng , Sh hpur ,

an d a a a a . L hore ; lso in Northern Sindh , ne r Shik rpur i stkan i — a a J . Formerly a powerful tribe in the Sindh S g r a a a a t a a a n d Do b , with he dqu rters M nker , still t a numerous here . Found a s a cla n in the Gurch ni an d a a a Drish k tribes . Believed to be br nch of the h i L a s ar s .

K a lma t or K a lma ti — a a n d , Formerly of gre at import nce , a Me kran fought with the Ma ris ; now found a t P sni in ,

- a n d . a a a . in Sindh A Levitic l tribe , prob bly non B loch Derived either from Kh alm at in Me kran or from the a a Ka rm ati n K rm ti ( — a ) heretics . K i rd or Kurd a u Brah oi . , The n me of a powerf l tribe

Found a s a cl an in the Ma z ari tribe . Mentioned in 5 6 THE BALOCH RACE

a ball a d a s o n e of the sla ve tribes given by Ch aka r to a a an d B —n ri , his Sister , set free by her . Khos a A very importa nt tribe forming two distinct — tum a n s a ac oba ba d a n d one ne r J in Upper Sindh , the a a a t a a a a i other with its he dqu rters B til , ne r Der Gh z

- a . A a a o f a an d Kh n lso sub tum n of the Rinds Shor n , a a of f a cl n the Lunds o Tibbi . S id to be m ainly of Hot

descent . The Isani cl an of the Der a Ghazi Khan tribe a an d a a a a is of Khetr n origin , the sm ll J jel cl n , prob a a a a a bly borigin ls of the J j V lley , which they inh abit . i - K ora . One of the m ain origin al sections ; not now an a a B l h org nized tum n , but found wherever the a oc e s a a a a a Mu z afar a rh h ve spre d in the P nj b , princip lly in g , ‘ n d h a a a a a . a Mult n , Der Ism il K n Still form tribe in M kran a a . e — (spelt by some K ud i) L a shari . a a a a One of the m in origin l sections , s id to h ve a a a a h e w ar w a n d settled in G nd v fter t ith the Rinds , to be now represented by the Ma gh a si s of Jh al in L a h ari s a Ka chhi . Some s in K chhi keep their own

a an d a clan ' o f Ma h a ssi n me , form the l rgest the g tribe . are Me kran an d a Others found in Sist n , where they ' i i ka i a re identified with the Ma gh a s s . The J st n s

a lso a re of L a shari descent . There is a strong sub a of L a sh ari s a a n d tum n in the Gurch ni tribe , other L a sh ari s of Drigri in Dera Ghazi Kh an a re app a rently

a s an d L a sh ari s a . L a sh ari s are J tt , only in n me found Baloch e s a a wherever the settled in the P nj b , chiefly ‘ a a I Ian a a a Mu z afa r a rh in Der Gh zi Q , Der Ism il Kh n , g ,

an d Multan . M a zari —An a a a org nized tribe of import nce , with its he d

a at a o f a a a . qu rters Roj h n , in the south Der Gh zi Kh ns a a a a a re a The ruling cl n , the B l ch ni , s id to be Hots , an d a the rem inder of the tribe , with the exception of

Kirds . a a a the , Rinds The n me is pp rently derived ‘ ’ ’ M azar a a Mz a ra i . fro—m , tiger , like the P th n M ari ta Recorded a s h a ving fought with the Rinds a gainst ri s a a a the L a sh a . Prob bly identic l with the Mehr li cl an o f the Rinds of Ka chhi ; sometimes identified with

the Bule dh i . — N a murdt Not now found except a s a ph alli in the Bozd ar

tribe . — oh M i l it an t . a a on N , Not now found S id to h ve been the h ri side of the L a s a s a gainst the Rinds . P h uzh —A a o f i a . cl n Rinds to which belonged B j r , one of APPENDIX I 5 7

’

h akur s a . of a a C comp nions They were gre t import nce , and the n ame is s a id by some to be an old n ame of K l n . a t o a ch the whole Rind tribe Now found , in Me kran a n d a a or a , in sm ll numbers in K chhi , ne r the h a . T e a a a are Bol n , but not elsewhere Bij r ni M rris h h supposed to be descended from Bij a r P u z . ’ — hkan t a a s a . Ra s . Mentioned once , prob bly subsection only a a a an d Now found only in sm ll numbers ne r Quett , f a a cla ssed a s a clan o the Rinds . There is l rge h Rak h ani Bra oi tribe of s . i n d — a o f a R . The most import nt the m in divisions of the l h n d Ba oc e s a . , sometimes loosely used to include others Most of the tribes of Rind descent are known by their a a Mekran distinctive n mes , but the Rinds of M nd in an d a a a a Shor n in K chhi dhere to the n me Rind , which is also used by l a rge numbers of Balo ch e s out ‘ tum an s a a h a a a side the in Der Gh zi K n , Der Ism il a Muza far a rh a a a an d Kh n , g , Mult n , Jh ng , Sh hpur , a a f Montgomery . The Ghul m Bol k o Sibi is a cl an a of Rinds . There is a lso Rind clan in the Lund a a h a tribe o f Tibbi in Der Gh zi K n . a m a a o f II . To this list the following n mes y be dded a n o w tribes not mentioned in the ncient poems , but of importance .

Z M ORGANI ED TU AN S .

B u hta — A a o f a a g tribe m de up v rious elements , m inly of a a a a t S ah af a Rind origin , h ving its he dqu rters y ( lso a a Bi bra k an d Bu h ti a th e a c lled Der g Der ) , in ngle of a a a an d the Sul im n Mount ins , between the Indus n dar a . a G a K chhi S id to be descended from y , cousin ’ k a d r a of a . G n a s son a a Mir Ch ur y , R hej , is s id to a a a a a a h ve given his n me to the R hej cl n , but the n me tka a appears to be of India n origin . The No ni cl n i a ha ve Levitic al powers . The Sh am ban a re sub

a Bu h ti . tum n , sometimes considered distinct from the g u hi B Ba th — a B led . ( uledi , le i , Burdi) Derived from Boled , in Mekran a n d a , long the ruling r ce until ousted by the a a Gichki . Found lso ne r the Indus in Upper Sindh , a a Burdika a n d th e a in the tr ct c lled , in K chhi

territory of Kal at . B ozdar —A a a a tribe living in the Sul im n Mount ins , north

a . of Dera Ghazi Kh n Prob ably pa rtly of Rind descent . ’ The n ame me ans goatherd . 5 8 THE BALOCH R A C E

Gurchani —A of a a a tribe mixed origin , h ving its he dqu rters t a a r a a a a a a a . L lg h , ne r H rr nd , in Der Gh zi Kh n The principal part of th e tribe i s Dodai The Syah ph adh a are a i a i an d a Durk ni Rinds ; the Pit f , Jog n , Ch ng prob a bly p artly Rind ; the L a shari sub - tum an (except the Ga bol e an d Bh an ds) an d the Ji stkani are L a sh ari s ; uh riani n d H l w ni r Bul h i the S a o a a a e e t s . This seems

to be the composition of this tribe . There is a i Gur—chan cl an a mong the Lunds of Sori . H a sa ni . A a at tribe of uncert in origin , which one time occupied a considerable part of the country n ow held

by the Ma rris . They were destroyed in wa rs with the a an d a a a a M rris , fr gment only rem ins , now forming h r H n a a K e t an s a a a . cl n mong the , ne r the P ss Colonel

. . a a a O T Duke considers th t they were P th ns by origin , a a Kh e tran s but it seems prob ble th t they were , like the , an a a a borigin l Indi n tribe , but more thoroughly l h Ha san i s a ssimil ated by the Ba oc e s . The rem aining

a a i n ot a . spe k B loch , Khetr ni — J a kran i A tribe now in Ka chh i an d North Sindh . Prob a o f a bly J tt origin , though some deduce them from n a i ah h adh Gya d r (se e under Bugh t ) . There is a Sy p a a a o f se e cl n mong them , prob bly Rind origin ( under a r a a a Gurch ani) . They e s id to dmit the suprem cy of a a the Rind Chief o f Shoran . Ahm d Kh n derives the Jakran i s G an dar a Bu h ti s from y , the ncestor of the g

A . ( ppendix III , K a t Z —A a a a a s a . sm ll tribe in K chhi , now cl ssed B loch ,

- but prob a bly non B a loch in origin . Mentioned in the ‘ - - . D a Tarikh i M a sami (A . The uthor derives the a a - P roso i s s i ci era h n me from the K hir tree ( p p g ) , whic

a s a E . D . w a s ridden a horse by one of their ncestors ( ,

i . . , p — K a sran t ai sarani a s Sometimes written Q , it is supposed a a a a a a to be p tronymic from Q is r , but lw ys pronounced i o f all a Ka sran . The most northerly the org nized a e a a a a s tum n , occupying p rt of the Sul im n Mount in an d the a dj oining pl ains in Dera Ghaz i Kh an an d ‘ h Dera Ism a il K an . Of Rind descent .

' a t —An a a a at L e h r . g import nt tribe , with its he dqu rters

a a a . . Choti , in Der Gh z i Kh n Also found in Sindh ’ a b a an d a s The n me is derived from Leg r , dirty , v riou

legends are told to expl ain it . The ancestor Koh h ro sh n a w a s a L e h ar w a s p , whose me ch nged to g , by a a i s descent a Rind . The princip l p rt of the tribe APPENDIX I 5 9

. Ch an d a a a a e descended from him The y cl n is sep r t , and Ha ddian i an d Kaloi s - u a f the , the sub t m n o the f a a are a o . mo—unt ins , s id to be Bozd r origin L und . A a tum an s l rge tribe —divided into two , both in Dera Ghazi Khan the Lunds of Sori an d the Lunds

. a A of a of Tibbi Both cl im descent from li , son Reh n , ’ h ak r Mir C ur s cousin . The Sori Lunds a e a la rge a a a tribe living in the pl ins , with their he dqu rters at Ko a a f t Kandiwala . This tribe cont ins clan o ur h an i r G c s . The Tibbi Lunds a e a sm all tribe with a a an d of a a cl n of Lunds one Khos s , to which third

a a of a a a . cl n , c lled Rind , but impure blood , is lso tt ched M a r i — r . One o f the best known among B aloch tribes for t their m ara uding propensities . Of composi e origin . The Gh a z an i section are supposed to be descended a a son A son of a a a an d from Gh z n , of li , J l l Kh n , the Bi a a r n i s B a a a a . j from ij r , who revolted g inst Mir Ch kur Mazaran i s are a a a n d The s id to be of Khetr n origin , L h a i f tt o ar n s o . a s the mixed descent No doubt some J , an d a Kalm ati s Bule dh i s an d Ha san i s a lso some , , h ve a an d a a a been bsorbed , perh ps some P th n elements a a Bi ran i lso mong the ja s . B ai sa — nt . A w Brah o i a Baloch e s po erful tribe , s id by some o f Ba a n d a a to be loch descent , tr ced to R is , cousin of

C a . a a Mir h kur This gene logy is , perh ps , only due to

the similarity of n ame . S ha ba — f m ni . A a a a s a a o sm ll tribe , sometimes cl ssed cl n the Bugh ti occupying the hill country a dj acent to the B h i a u t an d a . a g M z ri tribes Tr ced , like the Lunds , to a a Reh n , cousin of Mir Ch kur . r°a9i i —A n a ni a . a a a d a a U sm ll tribe in K chhi , lso cl n or

of Ma h a s si a an d a . sept the g , M rri , Lund , Khos tribes n i — Bu h ti Z a rka . Another n a me for the g It is noticeable th a t a neighbouring Kakar Pathan cl an (of a a Kol ) bears the n ame Z ark n .

TRIBES NOT ORGANIZ ED AS TU MAN S .

mdanZ — a a Ah . A tribe formerly of import nce , with its he d

a at a a a a a . a qu rters M n , in Der Gh zi Kh n There is lso Ah dan i an d a large m cl an a mong the Sori Lunds , a i a i a a Ah mdan i s among the Ha ddi n L e gh r s . The M n are s a id to descen d from Gyan dar (see Appendix

III . , ‘ s hk — a Gi ha uri . No w found scattered in Dera Ism il Khan an d M z f r r an u a a a h a Mekr . a g , lso in S id to be descended 6 0 THE BALOCH RACE

’ on e of Ch akur s a a from comp nions , nickn med Gish

a w a s a d . a a a to kh ur , who Rin The n me ppe rs be a Gi sh kh a ur a a re lly derived from the , n me of torrent a a Me kran SO a in the Boled V lley , , this tribe is prob bly o f i a common descent with the Bule dh . There is Gi sh kh auri sept a mong the L a sh ari sub - tuman of the a an d a a a Gurch ni , cl n mong the Dombki . — Tal ur or T alba r - p , . The well known tribe to which the of Amirs Sindh belonged , still represented by the Mirs f o a . an d Kh irpur Identified by themselves , by most a Talbur a L e h ari s other ccounts , with the cl n of the g , an Talbur a but by some derived from eponymic , gr nd son Of an d m Bulo , hence supposed to be of co mon i ori—gin with the Bule dh s . a i f . P i t f . O uncerta in orgin Found in considera ble ‘ a a a an d Muz afar a h an d numbers in Der Ism il Kh n g r , a i a a a s a cl a n of the Gurch n s in Dera Gh z i Kh n . dh h — N utkani or N o a anz. A a , comp ct tribe , which till quite a w a s a a s a a l tely org nized tum n , occupying the country

of a a r t a a a . S—ng h , nor h of Der Gh zi Kh n K u lachi Kolan ch Mekran . Prob a bly derived from , in a a a an d an d They ccomp nied the Dod is Hots , settled ‘ n of a ea r Dera Ism a il Kh a n . The town Kul chi still a a an d a re a be rs their n me , they most numerous in th t a a neighbourhood . There seems some prob bility th t n a they were a bra ch of the Dod i . ani — a a Gurm . This tribe is scattered through Der Gh zi ‘ a a a a a n d Mu z afar a rh Kh n , Der Ism il Kh n , g , but

nothing is known of its history . — M a shori . An a a a impure r ce , now found m inly in Muz rh a a Bu h ti fa r a . a a g There is M sori cl n mong the g , but there i s proba bly nothing in common between

them .

t i - f n ot M a s o . a on e o Prob bly the servile tribes , though a m entioned in old poem s . Found m ainly in Der

a a a a a . Gh zi Kh n , where they h ve no soci l st tus — ‘ K up chan i . Ma inly in Dera Ism a il Kh an . a n a ra ni l a h a y In Dera Gh zi K n . fiaya n t ( — z f r rh a In Mu a . S uhr m . a a g a — M z f r rh a h a an d e a L a sh ri i . In u a a a a g , Der Gh zi K n , D r ‘ i h Ism a l K an .

- n M z f r rh . Q a udrau i . I u a a ga la — a L e h ari s o f a K a t . Found a s a cl n among the g Der a h a Gh z i K n a n d the Ka chhi Rinds .

6 2 T H E BALOCH RACE

. T TRIBE CLAN . SEP . Bu h ti or Noth ani Haibatan i g , . 1 M h r n a a a a a z i . Z rk ni . Zim k ni , e a

con tin ued . D urr h a a i ( ) ag . Ch kr n .

2 . Ph erozan i . Ch a n dram zai . a a H iw ni . N h k i o an .

Ph r e o zani .

- Phish bur . a R mez ai . a a Sh lw ni . n a Su dr ni . B ri n a a a i . M sori . g B k h a i a s w n . Ph r i e o za . urri n i G a .

afar n i J a . h i No kan . k i K l h ur. Hota an a p . F a dlani .

a a . Phong , or D rw ni a d ni a n ara . Mondr ni . Gy Ha iani j .

Phong. i Ki aza . Sh am bani , or Sh am bani .

Ki azai . a i Said n .

Bul dhi or a . e , Gol

u afuzai . B rdi . J K h r h ni a o k a . Kotachi (Kulachi i Lula .

Pitafi . Rait e .

a . Bozdar . B khri

Rusta mani . a Dul ni .

L adwani .

h k rani C a a . h i Si an . a Sh hwani . a i Jafir n . APPENDIX II 6 3

TRIBE . CLAN . c l l i Bozdar ( on Ja a an .

N amurdi . a ub a a Ghulam ni (s j Bij r ni .

tum an) . Ka j ani .

or a a . a . Dombki , B ghd r Alm ni

a a . Domki . Chh t ni h r P e o zani . a Isi ni .

Jaroi . a Mor i .

Philani .

Banoz ai . Th ath e tani (Tha thi lani

Bhand . B z i o e ran .

a a G j ni . H i n i a st a . a a K sm ni . M i i a st an . a Nah ni . a a R khi ni .

i a i . I h k i D n r s an .

Muridani . D i rkh n a i . a G bol . L dh i ni a a . a Gh ziani . i h kh i G s aur .

Gor zh ge .

Hara. am b an i J . P h iz i a c a .

h ni Sa ja . a a a a L sh ri . L sh ri . Mah a mdani . Birmani . I bani sa .

Mirwani . i Nih alza .

a . ll h dadz i Miroz i A a a .

Bhutani . D ildarz i a . 6 4 THE BALOCH RACE

. T . TRIBE CLAN . SEP n ti nued Ha ilkh n z i a co . s a a . Dombki , or Miroz i ( ) on i Domki (c Hotian . d ti nue . l lkh an z ) Ja a ai .

Muh a mm adkh an zai .

T z i h aro a .

a . h an wan i Sh bkhor C g . h l i Ja wan . a Sh bkhor . in i ni S g a .

Ch akrani . D i adran .

D ila a rani w . a i Ka sm n . Ma zaran i

Mird dz a al . Shab oz a i h r z i So ab a . a a l i F a z an . T l ni . Kh i airoan .

No dhw ani .

a a . Wa zir ni . Atr ni

Mandwani . i h a Wa z rk n zai .

a a . G d ni Ga dani .

Drish ak .

a a D oda i Gurchani s Gurch ni . ( ) i Jalaban . B r i aka an . M i a nkan .

1 . Sh aih akani

D odan i . Kh akh alan i . kh a i . h kh l i Shei n S a a an .

Me h ani .

Babulani .

Mithani . APPENDIX II 6 5

S T TRIBE . EP . i Gurchani S a nj an . d i u Bab ulan . (conti n e ) . h C utiani . M n k i a a an .

Ka smani . K l n i u a gan .

3 . a a . a Kh lil ni B krani . Bah adur ni a .

r an i Go pat .

b n d r a sh ri s ( ) Ri s , o L a .

4 r n i . a . M a a . B zgir ap w

Pa ba dani . D lalani a .

Brah im ani .

k . 5 . i t ani a a J s . D d ni

F ath iani .

Kingani . Ph au a jw ni .

D ilsh adhani .

Gh aram .

6 . a a . Pitafi . J rw ni

Hatmani .

Katalani .

Br h im ni a a .

Matkani . i Jan glan .

Sarm orani .

Th ulrani .

n Mewa i .

Ah m dani .

Kingani .

Koh n ani .

. l i i d n . 9 Ho awan . Va a

Ludani .

Matkani .

Harw ani .

1 0 . Suhrani . Mirakani .

Musani . Sa w anL

c 1 1 . a A a ( ) Durk ni , lk ni

- h (sub tum an) Ga n da gwalag . 5 6 6 THE BALOCH RACE

T . TRIBE . CLAN . SEP

Gurchani Salem ani . ri ni (conti nued) Z ah a .

Z av e ran i .

Z awadh ani .

E ri . a Jand ni .

Ph i rukan i .

Syah ph adh . ta i Gh at n .

Th alowan i .

Me loh ar.

Om aran i . h r n i Sa g a wa .

Noh kan i . i L an gran .

Kahiri . i Raw alkan . Nih alani

Sulemani .

Gan dsar.

2 a a alalan i . 1 . L sh ri J

- Ba d a . (sub tum an) . ul ni a i Jum br n . a Ban gul ni .

Mordan i .

G abol .

Bh and . Gw ah araman i

San dh alan i . a a i Ha gd d n .

Gurkh avan i . a a Sh l am ni . a Sara ng ni .

Nih é lan i .

Gi sh kh auri .

a Salivan i . Jakr ni .

Sawan ari . Syah ph adh i Majan .

Solkan i . k n i Mul a .

Sa dkan i . APPENDIX II 6 7

TRIBE . CLAN . SEPT . K i Jackrani ( con arorkan .

D irkan i . ti nned) .

a . Kasrani . Al ni

L a shkarani . L akhni .

Rustamani .

Mamdani .

Rubadan .

Budani .

Wasfiani . il ni L a a .

Sh ah lani . r r Ja wa .

j Tahori .

Wa sm an ani .

Khosa .

— . B a re a a N . The bove a the clans of the Dera Gh zi Kh n tum an . I ha ve not been able to obtain the names of the a f cl ns of the Khosa s o North Sindh .

SEPT .

D odiani .

Muridani . h r a i P e o n .

a a Nid m ni .

Malhani . kh i Jam al an an . Br h im a i a n . 5 2 6 8 THE BALOCH RACE

. . T TRIBE CLAN SEP . 2 Mi r i i a con a . z an . Legh ri ( . Jogi ni d ti nne . an r i ) S ga an .

Ma stoi . h 3 . a . a a Bug l ni Rust m ni . irk i S an . 4 Hai ni H ib ni . a t . bat . a a a

5 . a . Ramd ni (In Sindh .) a i a . Hi b n . 6 j Bij ar ni . Sh ah anL

Talbur. 7 . Gurmani .

Bij a rani . h 8 h an d . an d C ya C ya . a 9 Ka loi . N ngri . a Suhr ni . a 1 0 . B a ddi ni

- (sub tum a n) .

1 a An lani . ( ) Ahm ad ni . g h ar h i Ba k an .

Ha idarani .

Hajiani .

Kh anian i .

2 Bul an i An lan i . ( ) o . g a B gariani .

B a glani . l i Bu o an .

Bij a rani . H i n i aj a .

Ismailani . i Ja kh wan . i Jan gwan .

Ja riani .

Kh e drani . i S a rban .

Sh a diani . Sh ah an L a 1 . 1 H . B atwani . aji ni Sh a hani

70 THE BALOCH RACE

. . T TRIBE CLAN SEP .

a con a M rri ( S alar ni . ti n ued ) Sumrani . Ph i i rdadan .

Mandwani . i Ramkan .

Kh alwani . K i un gran . h ah S eja . Ph adi aw . a Ramk n i .

K i r ni a sa a .

Kh a a . un ar ni . 3 . Loh r ni a

Sherani .

Mah m dani .

Gusrani .

Durkani . l ni Ja amba . in d ni J wa . M l h e o ar. a a a S r ng ni .

M r i . aza an H1] bani .

Ch angulani . M nik ni a a .

M h k ni e a .

B adani .

Ali ani .

Sherani .

1 . a i a a . l ni Ma zar . B l ch ni Gu sh e ra .

Mistakani .

Az adani . h i i Mac an .

H id r i a a anza .

Saidan z ai . Kh d d ni uda a a .

Haibatani .

Ra dani . B d l n i a he a . APPENDIX II

T . TRIBE . CLAN . SEP

Ph i rukani . a . Mazari (con 2 . Rust am ni

ti n ued) Marani .

Adiani .

Ha rw ani . ni Bun gra . l n i Abdu a .

Ka isaran i .

Sh abarkani . l ni Min g a .

Darwani .

Sarwani .

N adh ani . i Ch on glan .

Zimakani .

Miri ani .

Gulab .

Lalani .

Gulani .

Isiani .

Gulrani . ud B an .

Talb ur.

a a . M i dani . a 3 . as S l t ni

Lulai .

Dulani .

Noh kani .

Sanj arani .

Sain dani .

Sh ah eja .

Vah ani .

Nodh akani .

L atani .

Haurani .

Sureja .

Garani .

Tukurani .

Bh am boran i .

Mirakani .

Poh th ani .

Isani .

Ja urakani .

Sam lani .

Shulani .

a . 4 a a . a . S rg ni S rg ni 72 THE BALOCH RACE

. TRIBE . T CLAN SEP . Ma z ari (con ti n ned 5 ) . Kird .

1 . Azdi .

2 . a B dini .

3 . Bi arz ai j . 4 . Buzdar .

5 . Ch ak arani .

6 . Ch an d ya .

a Chh lgari . Ch a w ala i n . a Din ri Israni . Ph erozai . a G bol .

a a . G d i S arai . Ga dri . a Ghul m Bolak .

Kh ian i . Isaban i a M ndwani .

Nindwani . i h i i Gor s an .

Gurchani . ur zh G ge . ur e z i G g a . H k i a da a r . a Umr ni .

Ha dwar . H th an o zai .

Indra .

Isani . a a a J m li Chh lgari .

- a . (sub tuman) . Mundr ni a - New ri wens .

Jamali .

a . Brah im i J toi an .

Bulani . Ha i h an z i j a . A PPENDIX II 73

TRIBE . CLAN . Rind (of Kachhi) ti n d con u e .

Kahiri . a Kalw ni . K m ar uzai . Khosa

- (sub tum an) .

3 0 . Ka loi . 1 3 . Kulachi . 2 K l n k . 3 . o a

3 3 . Kuchik .

a Legh ri .

L a shari .

Lund .

Ma sori .

a . a Mehr li Mehr ni .

Mugheri . M ura dkh l . e Miroz ai . a N h a r .

N akhez a i . Na ush érw ani .

n i . Nindwani . Ha jwan Pa in dz i a .

Ph i ruk i an .

Pitafi . Ph u h g . Ph u zh . R h a eja .

1 Rah . 5 . ejo 2 5 . a a R khsh ni .

5 3 . a R mez ai . 7 4 THE BALOCH RACE

. T TRIBE CLAN . SEP . 4 Rind (of 5 . Rozi .

a 5 5 . K chhi) Rusta mani . i u con n d . t e 5 6 . a . a Sohri ni B garzai . Ha i h an z i j a . i Nindwan . kh i 5 7 . Sar . h h 5 8 . S a eja.

5 a . 9 . Sh r

a . 60 . Sundr ni 1 a 6 . Sohri ni

. 1 i m u an . Kahiri . Bulani . Ba b w

Mun dwani .

Nih alzai .

Sum arzai .

2 . Mura dani . B andl ani . Jan bani

Mirzai .

Mun dh ani .

Sadi kani . i m n . an . H am a 3 . Kal and ar i a

Ha zfirani . a Nur ni .

h ni a a . Ta ira . Ahm d ni - - i Allah bakhsh za .

Budrani .

Nurani .

Wa zirani . M h i a . ag ass . Bhut ni

Bij arani .

Ban gulani . Jigani .

Bolti .

Ch andrama.

F a slani .

Gadhi .

Ga gran .

Gola . i Hisban .

a a . 1 1 . J gir ni K h r 1 2 . t a o o .

1 a . a a . 3 . L sh ri Alk i i Bh an garan .

Bhutani . APPENDIX II

. . T TRIBE CLAN SEP . Ma h a ssi a g Din rz ai .

con ti nued . a ani ( ) G j .

Gorani . ah a i J wan . ani J . L kl a an i .

Man h i ni g a . a Mi nz ai . M h m d i u a an .

Sumrani . Ta n i ja . T umpan i . u Was wani . 1 4 . a L skani .

1 5 . a Mirz ni .

1 6 . Muh am dani . 1 7 . Mugheri .

1 8 . a R hej a .

1 9 . a Sh brani . h 20 . ah m r S u zai .

2 1 . i Sh am ban .

22 . h Sya zai . 2 i h 3 . T r li a a . 24 . Umrani .

25 . Wa sdani .

Umrani . Subdivisions not re

corded . A P P E N D I X I I I .

GENEALOGICAL TABLES SHOWING THE CONNEC TION OF THE V ARIOU S TRIBES ACCORD ING T B H AD I I o ALOC TR T ON .

I .

Mir J alal Kh an .

1 R 2 a 3 ai 4 5 . o 6 . Ali . . Ja t 7 . ind Lash r . Kor . . Hot Bulo . ( see (see (see (daughter) = VIII . ) Murad

(nephew) .

U a . Gha z an . m r

U m a ran i an d a tribe , cl n a a ( mong Lunds , Khos s , a i M rr s,

B — a N . . The following t bles show the descent of the existing tribes from the above .

7 8 THE BALOCH RACE

S a hak (see

Ha san .

Mi r a a . a a Ch k r H m l .

M h am Réh n i u a . . J a . R a a a a . a a . Br him nd Noh k . Gy n Mir is H m l m d a . d r H n a . a .

B ahadur . a Jin dan i a Bu h t a a a a M hm Noh ni , g i R is ni H m l a a a n i dani F th . cl n cl n of tribe tribe a

a . Bu h ti a (Dombki (Khos ) ( g ) . (see (now cl n

a a a . a h a cl n) . M z r Br h (K os ) ? oi) an d Ra sh I Brfih l m f ml ' B h ' 0 1 a a s k al . Ali . Sher li . i Mek a n d G a dani TED cl ans Lund tribe Ghulam Syah ph adh Dombki . an d Sh a m Bolak Durkani

a . a i . b ni , sub Rinds (Gurch n ) tribe (Bugh ti ) ( See

a a a a R 1902 S id to be of Afgh n origin in B lochist n Census eport , , APPENDIX III 7 9

IV .

N au b at (se e I

Brahim .

Mub arak .

- h ro sh a li a s b a . Koh p , Leg r

R at a a . a i ak . a ust m . S r H ib . R md n l Aliani Rusta m ani Sirkan i H a ib a tan i Ramdani

a a . a . clan . cl n . cl n cl n

Clans forming the m a in body of the Leghari (L e gh ari s

a a a . tribe of Der Gh zi Kh n of Sindh) .

J a i a a (Prob ably the ogi n cl n should be dded to these . The other cla ns given a bove in Appendix II . do not belong to the origina l i L e gh ar s) .

V .

DES CENT OF THE PRESENT BU G H T i CHIEF FROM G YAN D AR (SEE

n Gya dar.

1 a a R hej .

Bi v ara h Bi brak g , or .

a S lem .

a Gol Shah .

Fa th Muha mm a d .

Ghulam Murtiz a .

a a a a a a a a N w b Sir Sh hb z Kh n , G uh r Kh n, etc . Tum an dar present . — N . B a a a a J akran s an d Ah m d n i s . Ahm d Kh n st tes th t the i the a of an dar Mana a lso descend from Gy .

1 a a a Hence R hej cl n . 80 THE BALOCH RACE

PEDIGREE o r LUND AND SHAMBAN i CHIEFS FROM AL i (SEE

a . Ad m Chutta.

a . a Kh ro Allahd d .

Adn akh . Husa in .

ai a . um H d r J a.

a a Sh rb t .

2 3 . a Sori Sh mbo .

a Hus in . Miro .

Gaman . D r kh ur a .

D aula t . a L a shk r .

a a Dil w r .

Sobha.

Muhamma d .

G ah a a . a w m F zl Kh n Ghul m ara . a Muh amm d .

Ghula m Ha id a r . i a D au h t e r z M eh Kech Kh n , g Tum an dar rullah Kh a of n , a a a h am n T m an dar a S ba i s . u Muh mm d Ahm d Kh n , Tu n a a a m a dar a . Kh n , l te l te of M rris

n d r . Tum a a . of Lunds

1 a Hence the town of Sh d an Lund . 2 Hence the n ame Sori Lund . 3 a Sh am ban i Hence the n me . APPENDIX III 8 1

VII . DESCENDANTS OF LASHAR (SEE

h a a . . N o dh b a n da g . B k r Miro

e a Ali . h ram a . Gw a a . R m n K rm

a a i a a . a a . The L sh r , Mub r k N ub t clan of Ka chhi .

M a ssii .

1 a Bhut Hus in .

Réh n a .

a S lem .

a a . B akhri . Sh hb z

a a J a ssii . Muh mm d .

h ar a a . Ga w . L sh r

k ni a a . Ji st a K is r The ,

chiefs of M ankera.

i M han .

a a a K is r Kh n , h l Tum an dar of the M a gh assi s of J a .

VIII . DESCENDANTS OF HOT (SEE

un ii Sahak . P n . a a a d ughter of Biz n , chief The Khos tribe S a - laf M a z ari s of the y h , (see n d a elected chief of the tribe .

The B alachani M a z ari s (see

1 a i a M a h assi s Hence the Bhut n cl n of g . 2 a h Hence the n me Ma g assi . THE BALOCH RACE

THE PEDIGREE OF THE M AzARi TU M AN D AR (BELONGING T o THE AL A HA AK S B C N i . CLAN , FROM SAH ( EE VIII )

S ahak .

? a Sh adh e n B lach , succeeded on a de th of Radho .

a Radho . Bh ndo .

a . Badh él. Sh ho

a a a . B lach . H m l I

Mitha I .

d ' Pa h eli Fa th Ali) .

Mitha II .

a a H m l II .

a Mith III .

Gulsher .

' Shah Ali .

Hamal III .

a a B hram Kh n .

' Ali a a R a a a a . Dost . N w b Sir Im m B khsh h m Khan a Kh n ,

a a . a Tum a n dar Sher Muh mm d Actu l . i a a Sa a Ba h ram a Dost Muh mm d, rd r Kh n , n d r an d Titula r Tum a a others .

1 n a He ce the n me Balachani . APPE N DIX III ' 83

S S PEDIGREE OF KHOSA CHIEF , FROM HAMAL ( EE

a a H m l .

a S mmo .

a Digh ro .

- K a a a a li a s a a. h w n Kh sh , Bh w

I B alel U m ar Ji a Hamal

i i H . a Um ar n a . J a a . am alan a (B alelan cl n) . ( a i cl n) ( i n cl n) ( i cl n)

? Badh el a , or B til

Y iIsuf.

J a w an ak .

Ghulam Ha ida r .

? Ka ura Kh an

a da h a a . Sik n r Khan . Ghulam H aida r . Dost Mu mm d

a a Sa a a a . a a Mub r k Kh n rd r B h dur Kh n ,

present chief .

1 a r a a a s Hence the town of B til , t ib l he dqu rter 2 ‘ See a ccount by Herbert Edwa rdes in A Year on the Punj ab ’ 1 849 Frontier , . 84 THE BALOCH RACE

XI .

R MARRi TU M AN D AR Z PEDIG EE OF FROM GHA AN (SEE I . )

a a Gh z n .

s a at k .

Kaisar .

a aw a B h l .

Ra . a him Mub rak .

a Mith .

t I D °St A1" Murad B akhsh .

Mi r a a . al Muh mm d B och . J a la l b .

a a a a a a Gh z n Kh n , N w b Mehrull h Khan ,

a n d r . Tum an dar l te Tum a a present . I a a Kh ir B khsh .

XII .

D OD Ai PEDIGREES .

Bh il n a . g , Somr

.

After several genera tions .

a Dod .

ri sh Go Sohrab .

(Gurchani tribe) .

i l b . a . A i a . i a Shai ak . Hoto Kh l l Ism l F th r Khan . E an . I Shaib a H o tw ani Kh ali Alkani The The Prob ably a a i a i Mirrani s Mi rrani s kani cl n . l n Durk n the

a . a a a . clan . cl n cl n . of Der (of Lei ) Kulachi a Gh zi tribe .

Khan .

8 6 THE BALOCH RAC E

. R III HISTO Y .

’

W . . ELLIOTT AND DO SON The History of India 8 vols London , ’ - 1 a . 86 18 a . i . a n d r s . 7 77 . (especi lly vols , ii , Refer ed to E D ’

F E RISH TA S . a a a . History Text published by New l Kishor, L khn u ’ K a a a n d a 2 1 854 . ERS INE B b r Hum yun . vols . London , ’ - - RAV E RTY : b a i i 1 881 . a a a at a . Tr nsl tion of T k N sir London , ’ ’

J T : é a d E d ri si . a 1836 . AUBER G ogr phie P ris , ’ ‘ O U S E L E Y S H a ukal Ist akh ri Ibn ) . ‘ ’ Z O TE B 2 . N E RG : a a . a 1 87 Chronique de T b ri P ris , M O RD TMAN N Ist ak ri ? a 1 845 h H mburg, . ‘ M AS D a i a . U . 9 a vols . P ris (French tr nsl tion) ’ YAK UT S Geographical Dictiona ry (French transla tion) . ’ a . 1894 . HAIG The Indus Delt Country London , ‘ ’ CK J A S B . 189 5 . a . MO LER The Origin of the B loch . . . ,

R . IV . POET Y AND LEGEND

’ ‘ ' : N orth e rn Balo ch i a a . a a 1881 DAMES Sketch of the L ngu ge C lcutt , J A S ( . . . ‘ ’ - : a a 1 89 1 . DAMES B lochi Text Book . L hore, ‘ ’ - T il h . h 1 1 : B uc i a a a 88 . HE U RAM n m L ore , C l : a a a a i . a DOUIE Annot ted tr nsl tion of bove , om tting the poems o a 1885 utt , . ’ Y : a a . an d a a MA ER B loch Cl ssics Fort Munro Agr (priv tely printed) , 1900 .

U . V . LANG AGE

a t a . an d In ddi ion to the bove given under IV , the works of Mockler a M e kran i a n d a an d Pe rce shoul d be consulted for , those of Gl dstone

Bruce for Northern B alochi . A complete list will be found in ‘ ’ fi h n ru n ri s s d Ir . G EIGER : Die Spra che der Bal tsc e ( G d . 1 9 8 a a a 8 . Str ssburg , , which is the best gener l work on B lochi I N D E X

Bu h ti 5 6 49 5 7 78 79 A . g tribe , , , , , , Bule dh 3 5 1 7 ’ i or Buledi tribe , , , AD AD U D - ai a 32 DAULA , D l mi , Adh arb ai an 2 3 j , Bulm a t 54 tribe , Ahlk an i a a 84 cl n of Durk ni , S e e Bule dh i Burdi . a a a 5 3 hm d Kh n udhi ni , A L Burdik a 49 Ah m dani 59 , tribe , R 8 ’ Burton , Sir . , a a 9 Al fi (Ar b tribe) , a 27 Al ns ,

l 9 . A eppo , C Al a a 6 7 79 i ni cl n , , a 42 45 B al o c h e s 1 1 Ch kur, Mir, Anthropometry of , , a 48 a a 25 Ch ndko , Ar b n mes, Ch an d a 47 49 5 4 a B al o ch e s 1 4 y tribe , , , Ar b origin of , 7 , a a a 34 3 5 a 8 9 1 1 Ch ngiz Kh n , inv sions of, , Ar b type , , , a a a a J a 48 A a a 24 Ch tt B khsh ( h ng) , r bic words in B lochi , a a a 1 4 1 5 Ar h m a 40 45 Ch uh n R jputs , , g i , Dyn sty , 1 \V. V 1 5 2 Crooke , Mr . , iews of, , ’ ’ Cu rz o n s a 33 Persi , B .

’ a a 46 B ber s Autobiogr phy , ’ a - di n S a 35 B dru d of ist n , a 1 9 a a a a a 5 3 D sht, B g Sh l m ni , a 1 9 39 54 B a h re ch a a 14 D shti tribe , , , (Durr ni Afgh ns), a a Kh a 46 a a a M a z ar s 4 Der F th n , B l ch ni i , a a a 1 39 46 Bal ai ch a Ch a uh an s 1 4 Der Gh zi Kh n , , , , ' a a a 46 a 1 Der Ism il Kh n , B loch , defined , a 42 a i a 3 Dh nkot , B lochi d lects , b 2 54 84 a a a 24 Dodai tri e , , , B lochi l ngu ge , a i 37 -39 a i a 1 5 2 1 - 23 Dod i tribe , h story of, B loch , orig n of n me , , a a 1 3 Dodai tribe , riv lry with Rinds , B ltis, 1 7 a a 1 3 Dom ( ), B ltist n , minstrel tribe 5 49 5 4 78 1 4 k , , , . . W. 7 Domb i tribe , Bellew , Dr H , , a 5 49 5 5 a 46 Drish k tribe , , , Bher , 5 3 O . T . Bilazuri 29 Duke , Colonel , , a n 6 78 84 li 2 D a i , , , Bil ch tribe , urk n cl a 4 5 Bol k , , a a 3 Bol n P ss , a a 19 Boled V lley , a 5 6 24 49 5 7 77 a 5 0 5 3 Bozd r tribe , , , , , , E stwick , , Brah oi a 24 a W 29 element in B lochi , Ephth lites , or hite Huns , Brah oi a 1 - 3 40 4 1 a 6 6 r ce , , , Eri cl n , 8 8 TH E BALOCH RACE

’ a a a 41 46 F . Ism il Kh n Dod i, , Is ta kh ri 29 3 1 a a a 4 1 4s , , F th Kh n , Dod i , , ’ ‘ ’ a a a J 7 20 Ferrier s C r v n ourneys , , , J 2 1 5 2 , ' J a c ob ab a d 1 Fi rdau s s Sh ah n am a 2 1 22 26 - 28 District , i , , , ’ J a i 36 F i rish t a s 42 g n , History , J a h l a w an 2 , J a a J a 19 kh r tt, G J a a 5 19 58 kr ni tribe , , , a 50 5 5 , J a a a Mi r 3 6 G bol tribe , l l Kh n , , a 39 m m as G dhi tribe , J am Dyn a sty ( S a of Sindh) , G a n da w ala h a D urk an i s 24 g g , cl n of , 38 a a a 3 46 J a a 24 G nd v , , tki element in B lochi , G e dro sia 9 22 J a 20 3 6 48 5 5 , , toi tribe , , , , G e dro sii 9 22 J at s a B al o ch e s 1 4 38 , , t mong , , Gh al ch a s 1 0 1 1 J att s M e kran an d a 30 , , in Kerm n , Gh a z an i C a n 3 6 76 Jb a a 38 l , , rej tribe , a i a a 4 1 46 J a a 6 78 Gh z Kh n , Dod i , , ind ni cl n , , 39 5 5 Ji stkan i 47 48 5 5 81 Gholo tribe , , tribe , , , , a a B o z dars 6 Ghul m ni ,

a a a 4 49 7 8 . Ghul m Bol k cl n , , , K

a a a a a a i 5 3 a - a a a 3 Ghul m Muh mm d B l ch n , K ch G nd v , 1 6 5 1 a 3 Gichki tribe , , K chhi , a 1 9 a 19 20 49 58 Gish Kh ur, K hiri tribe , , , , G i sh kh au ri 1 9 59 77 K a i au 26 tribe , , , K s , 2 7 28 Gil , , K a i 2 6 a 2 7 28 K alh o ra s 5 0 Gil ni , , of Sindh , a 39 48 5 5 a a 20 49 50 5 5 Gop ng tribe , , , K lm t , , , , G or e z h a 49 5 5 K alm ati 20 49 50 5 5 g cl n , , tribe , , , , G ul h adh a D ri sh ak s 24 a a n 6 0 7 7 p , cl n of , K loi cl , , a 6 39 49 5 8 84 K al h u r a Bu h tir 24 Gurch ni tribe, , , , , p cl n of g , a a 48 60 K a o dai - ai 1 6 Gurm ni cl n , , Kor , a a i 20 K r ch , H . K a rm ati an s 20 , H a ddian i L e h ari s 6 7 7 a a 49 5 8 77 g , , K sr ni tribe , , , h 6 1 H a iba tan i L e ari s 79 . J 3 g , , Kennedy, Mr views of, a a 43 a Bal o ch e s 1 4 29 H ig, Gener l , quoted , Kerm n , the in , , a a a 6 0 K_a 32 H j ni cl n , h bis , a a 1 7 2 1 34 a a Gu rch an i s 84 H mz , Mir, , , Kh lil ni , a 36 Kh a n ik o ff 7 8 H rin , , views of, , a a 50 5 8 a 1 6 1 7 H s ni tribe , , Khetr n tribe , , H R B 2 1 35 a 2 4 5 6 8 1 83 e a m . 5 3 9 til . , R , , Khos tribe , , , , , , H in dii 10 a 4 6 Kush , tribes of, Khush b , T 7 8 20 Ki rd l Brah o i l an . a i a Holdich , Sir , , , g ( Kirg li) or 2 3 5 36 39 46 48 5 5 a 3 Hot tribe , , , , , , , , gu ge , H 4 o t w an i a 8 . S e e Gurch ni , Kird Kurd

- - . a 2 2 3 26 3 1 Hughes Buller, Mr R . (Census Koch r ce , , , 5 5 1 a a Bra h o i Report) , , Koch r ce comp red with , H a a a ah 4 1 42 41 us in, Sh h , L ng , , K o lan ch 19 , ai 3 6 5 6 48 56 Kor tribe , , , ,

29 3 1 - a 42 Idrisi , , Kot K ror, a a a a a 6 a a n d 1 9 20 48 Im m B khsh Kh n , N w b Sir , Kul chi, tribe town , , , , a a a h 7 1 3 6 Ir ni n origin of B loc , , 0 INDEX

a 5 6 78 5 Nuh ni tribe, , Kung tribe, N m ri s 1 5 Ku ch ani a 60 ii , p cl n , a 18 49 60 3 1 4 1 5 5 Nutk ni tribe , , , Kurd tribe , , ,

L P . a a a a 9 1 3 a a n d a 5 41 , L ngah, tribe dyn sty, , , P rthi P rthi ns a i 4 6 45 Ph ll , defined , a a 4 a a 1 9 P , , L sh r, h r defined P a 3 6 1 9 36 5 6 81 i il l a i , 1 8 L shari tribe , , , , , , Phulej ( j ) a a i a 60 Ph u zh a i 56 L sk n cl n , cl n of R nds , a 7 2 1 a i a 6 0 L ssen , views of, , Pit f cl n , ’ a 5 6 23 49 5 8 79 a 7 8 85 Legh ri tribe , , , , , , Pottinger s tr vels , , , 1 7 a Bal o ch e s 25 Lori (minstrel tribe) , Proper n mes of , 5 2 3 49 5 9 78 80 Lund tribe , , , , , , Q .

L u s ch an . 8 , Dr von , views of, ai sar S ee a ani . a L t 28 3 1 Q K sr ni iI ( desert), , an dran i a 60 Q cl n ,

uf . S e e M . Q j Koch f a a 19 Q u s . S e e M g s , Koch M a h a ssi 3 1 9 20 49 81 g tribe , , , , , R M ah m d a 20 32 ii of Gh zni, , Ra a a Bu h t 4 g i 6 1 , 79 a a a 1 7 52 hej cl n of M m s ni tribe , , a a a 5 9 7 8 a r 4 23 48 5 9 76 84 R is ni cl n , , M r i tribe , , , , , , a a a a 1 7 R jput origin of B loch discussed, M rw ris , 7 1 0 14 - 1 9 a 60 , , M shori, a Rak sh an , i ( a a a a a Bu h ti 60 6 2 R khsh R shk ni) cl n , M sori cl n of g , , a a 7 M sson , tr vels of, a a L e gh ari s 79 a a 60 7 7 R md ni , M stoi cl n , , a a 1 5 ‘ R nn of K ch , M a s ii di 26 29 30 , , , ’ ‘ ’ Ra v e rty s a a M a z arani a 6 70 Notes on Afgh nist n , cl n , , 85 a a 4 - 6 18 48 5 6 70 71 M z ri tribe , , , , , , , ’ ’ Rav e rty s Tabakat - i - a 32 33 7 7 81 82 N siri, , , , , 38 M e dh 1 7 Med, , R 3 5 36 3 n , , 7 5 7 M ek ran 10 1 4 5 1 i d tribe , , , , , , 48 49 - M a h a ssi 5 2 Rind tribe , distribution of , , Meksi g , a 1 5 23 a 5 6 Rind tribe , origin of n me of, , Mir li tribe , ’ R an d a M irran i a a 39 48 84 isley s Tribes C stes of Ben cl n of Dod i , , , ’ al 1 1 Mi st ak an i a a a 6 g , cl n of M z ri , a a a L e h ari s 79 Mle ch h a 1 5 2 1 Rust m ni cl n of g , , , 2 E . 9 2 1 2 86 Mockler, Col . , , , , S . a a S am 20 Muh mm d bin , S a a a 1 3 k r ce , a 41 -45 Mult n , S aka st e n e , 1 3 a a a 38 42 S mm R jput tribe, , a a 5 S a a a i 5 2 60 N h r tribe , nj r n tribe, , N ah rii i 52 S a a a Brah oi s 2 tribe , r w n , a a 5 6 Sa a 5 2 N murdi cl n , rb ndi tribe , N au sh i rv an i 5 1 S a t a rh a 44 45 tribe , g , , a a a a a 27 a Ar h ii n 45 N ushirv n , S ss ni n King , Sh h Beg , g , N e rv iIi - N ah rii i 52 Sh ah n am a i a i 21 , of F rd us quoted, , a 2 3 2 2 26 - 28 Nickn mes , ,

N o dh akan i . S e e a Sh ah rki t 52 Nutk ni ribe , N o dh b an da h 1 8 S h ai h ak an i a 8 4 g , Gurch ni, N o dh o 1 8 Sh am bani a 6 5 9 78 80 Nodh , , cl n , , , , ’ S e e a Sh m s u - . a d a 3 5 Noh Nuh ni din of Sist n , BALOCH RACE

a 1 a a - a a 45 Shik rpur T rkh n n m , 42 1 , . 0 Shor Trumpp , Dr , ’ 42 - k t, Tuh fa tu l a 3 6 Shor o Kir m , a 24 a 2 3 Sindhi element in B lochi, Tum n , defined , , S - a a a 47 Tum an dar 2 indh S g r Do b , , , 3 irka S n i a L e h ari s 79 a - i - a a 3 3 cl n of g , Turb t H id ri , a Si i s tan B al o ch e s i n 3 1 3 i ( j ) , , a 1 3 S st n , Turki words in B lochi, 3 1 - 35 5 1 52 , , a a 7 9 Turkom ns , comp rison with , , 42 Sitpur, S o dh as 38 , a ai 41 84 U f al v . 1 1 2 Sohr b Dod , , j y , M de , 0 , a a 1 9 37 38 Um arani 36 3 7 49 76 Somr R jputs , , , tribe, , , , 7 1 0 Spiegel quoted , , ra a 60 W Suh ni cl n , ’ ’ a - laf Ma z ari s 24 77 W i Ch alife n 2 9 Sy h , , e l s Geschichte der , a - h adh D u rk an i s 23 78 W 29 1 Sy h p , , hite Huns ,

a . w Sykes , M jor P Moles orth , 7 Y quoted , ’ Yakii t s a 29 3 1 T geogr phy quoted, , , ’ 32 Tab ari s 26 29 History, , Z T a ba at - i - a i i 32 33 k N s r , , ’ T a im ii r s a 3 4 Z a an a a a 5 9 inv sions , rk (K k r Afgh ns) , a 10 - 12 Z a rkani z Bu h ti 5 9 T jiks , g , a a a a 4 Z m a ra i a 1 9 T k r (subdivision mong M rris) , Afgh ns , ’ Tal urs 50 60 Z u n -n ii n Ar h i m 43 p of Sindh , , Beg g , ' a - i - M a sii m i 3 8 4 3 44 T rikh , , a - i - - a 42 45 Z utt = J at t 30 T rikh Sher Sh hi , ,

N T R NT ERS U ILD F O R D B IL L IN G A N D S O S , L D . , P I , G