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Blackmail in the Deep State
Blackmail in the Deep State: From the Bay of Pigs and JFK Assassination to Watergate Jonathan Marshall Note: this article is excerpted from an unpublished book titled Watergate, the American Deep State, and the Legacy of Secret Government by Jonathan Marshall. The Watergate affair of 1972-74, though widely regarded as one of the the gravest political and constitutional crises in U.S. history, began not with a bang but a whimper – or as President Nixon’s press secretary dismissed it, a ‘third-rate burglary attempt’.1 Despite myriad government probes, lawsuits, news stories, and scholarly analyses, no one knows for sure what motivated the historic break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters during the 1972 presidential campaign.2 Another unresolved puzzle is why President Nixon, who was apparently ignorant of plans for the burglary, did not simply fire those involved and cut his losses. What cost him the presidency was not the original crime, but his illegal attempt to cover it up. I argue in the book from which this article is excerpted that the initial burglary was set in motion by White House insiders to uncover information they could use against the Democratic Party’s chairman, Larry O’Brien. A major goal was to prevent him from releasing politically damaging secrets 1 Quoted in Karlyn Barker and Walter Pincus, ‘Watergate Revisited; 20 Years After the Break-in, the Story Continues to Unfold’, Washington Post, 14 June 1992. 2 There were at least two break-ins; police arrested the burglars on 17 June 1972. Several dozen theories are noted in Edward Epstein and John Berendt, ‘Did There Come a Point in Time When There Were 43 Different Theories of How Watergate Happened?’ Esquire, November 1973. -
A List of the Records That Petitioners Seek Is Attached to the Petition, Filed Concurrently Herewith
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ) MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Professor Stanley Kutler, the American Historical Association, the American Society for Legal History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Society of American Archivists petition this Court for an order directing the release of President Richard M. Nixon’s thirty-five-year- old grand jury testimony and associated materials of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force.1 On June 23-24, 1975, President Nixon testified before two members of a federal grand jury who had traveled from Washington, DC, to San Clemente, California. The testimony was then presented in Washington, DC, to the full grand jury that had been convened to investigate political espionage, illegal campaign contributions, and other wrongdoing falling under the umbrella term Watergate. Watergate was the defining event of Richard Nixon’s presidency. In the early 1970s, as the Vietnam War raged and the civil rights movement in the United States continued its momentum, the Watergate scandal ignited a crisis of confidence in government leadership and a constitutional crisis that tested the limits of executive power and the mettle of the democratic process. “Watergate” was 1A list of the records that petitioners seek is attached to the Petition, filed concurrently herewith. -
Nixon's Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968
Dark Quadrant: Organized Crime, Big Business, and the Corruption of American Democracy Online Appendix: Nixon’s Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968 By Jonathan Marshall “Though his working life has been passed chiefly on the far shores of the continent, close by the Pacific and the Atlantic, some emotion always brings Richard Nixon back to the Caribbean waters off Key Biscayne and Florida.”—T. H. White, The Making of the President, 19681 Richard Nixon, like millions of other Americans, enjoyed Florida and the nearby islands of Cuba and the Bahamas as refuges where he could leave behind his many cares and inhibitions. But he also returned again and again to the region as an important ongoing source of political and financial support. In the process, the lax ethics of its shadier operators left its mark on his career. This Sunbelt frontier had long attracted more than its share of sleazy businessmen, promoters, and politicians who shared a get-rich-quick spirit. In Florida, hustlers made quick fortunes selling worthless land to gullible northerners and fleecing vacationers at illegal but wide-open gambling joints. Sheriffs and governors protected bookmakers and casino operators in return for campaign contributions and bribes. In nearby island nations, as described in chapter 4, dictators forged alliances with US mobsters to create havens for offshore gambling and to wield political influence in Washington. Nixon’s Caribbean milieu had roots in the mobster-infested Florida of the 1940s. He was introduced to that circle through banker and real estate investor Bebe Rebozo, lawyer Richard Danner, and Rep. George Smathers. Later this chapter will explore some of the diverse connections of this group by following the activities of Danner during the 1968 presidential campaign, as they touched on Nixon’s financial and political ties to Howard Hughes, the South Florida crime organization of Santo Trafficante, and mobbed-up hotels and casinos in Las Vegas and Miami. -
Thesis US Cuba.Pdf
BEING SUCCESSFULLY NASTY: THE UNITED STATES, CUBA AND STATE SPONSORED TERRORISM, 1959-1976 by ROBERT G. DOUGLAS B.A., University of Victoria, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History © Robert Grant Douglas, 2008 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. BEING SUCCESSFULLY NASTY: THE UNITED STATES, CUBA AND STATE SPONSORED TERRORISM, 1959-1976 by ROBERT G. DOUGLAS B.A., University of Victoria, 2005 Supervisory Committee Dr. Jason Colby (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Jordan Stanger-Ross (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Michelle Bonner (Department of Political Science) Outside Member ii Supervisory Committee Dr. Jason Colby (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Jordan Stanger-Ross (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Michelle Bonner (Department of Political Science) Outside Member Abstract Despite being the global leader in the “war on terror,” the United States has been accused of sponsoring terrorism against Cuba. The following study assesses these charges. After establishing a definition of terrorism, it examines U.S.-Cuban relations from 1808 to 1958, arguing that the United States has historically employed violence in its efforts to control Cuba. U.S. leaders maintained this approach even after the Cuban Revolution: months after Fidel Castro‟s guerrilla army took power, Washington began organizing Cuban exiles to carry out terrorist attacks against the island, and continued to support and tolerate such activities until the 1970s, culminating in what was the hemisphere‟s most lethal act of airline terrorism before 9/11. -
Why Didn't Nixon Burn the Tapes and Other Questions About Watergate
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NSU Works Nova Law Review Volume 18, Issue 3 1994 Article 7 Why Didn’t Nixon Burn the Tapes and Other Questions About Watergate Stephen E. Ambrose∗ ∗ Copyright c 1994 by the authors. Nova Law Review is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nlr Ambrose: Why Didn't Nixon Burn the Tapes and Other Questions About Waterga Why Didn't Nixon Bum the Tapes and Other Questions About Watergate Stephen E. Ambrose* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................... 1775 II. WHY DID THEY BREAK IN? ........... 1776 III. WHO WAS DEEP THROAT? .......... .. 1777 IV. WHY DIDN'T NIXON BURN THE TAPES? . 1778 V. VICE PRESIDENT FORD AND THE PARDON ........ 1780 I. INTRODUCTION For almost two years, from early 1973 to September, 1974, Watergate dominated the nation's consciousness. On a daily basis it was on the front pages-usually the headline; in the news magazines-usually the cover story; on the television news-usually the lead. Washington, D.C., a town that ordinarily is obsessed by the future and dominated by predictions about what the President and Congress will do next, was obsessed by the past and dominated by questions about what Richard Nixon had done and why he had done it. Small wonder: Watergate was the political story of the century. Since 1974, Watergate has been studied and commented on by reporters, television documentary makers, historians, and others. These commentators have had an unprecedented amount of material with which to work, starting with the tapes, the documentary record of the Nixon Administration, other material in the Nixon Presidential Materials Project, plus the transcripts of the various congressional hearings, the courtroom testimony of the principal actors, and the memoirs of the participants. -
Fidel Castro ଙ USA Miami FLORIDA Gulf of Mexico
Fidel Castro ଙ USA Miami FLORIDA Gulf of Mexico Key West Tropic of Cancer C Mariel U Havana rio Rosa del rra Sie Santa Clara Pinar del Rio Cienfuegos bray scam E Mts Sancti- Spiritus Bahia de Cochinos Isla de Pinos (Bay of Pigs) (Isle of Pines) Yucatan Basin Grand Cayman 0 100 200 km Great Abaco Island Nassau T Andros Cat Island Island H E B A H A B M Acklins A Island A S Camaguey Banes Holguin Mayari C auto Birán (birthplace of Fidel Castro) Bayamo Sierra Ma de Caimanera Turquino Sierra estra 2005m Cristal The “Granma” Santiago de Cuba landings United States base Guantánamo HAITI JAMAICA Kingston For Annette Fidel Castro ଙ A Biography Volker Skierka Translated by Patrick Camiller polity Copyright © this translation Polity Press 2004. Originally published under the title FIDEL CASTRO Eine Biografie © 2001 by Kindler Verlag GmbH Berlin (Germany) © 2001, 2004 by Volker Skierka, Hamburg (Germany) First published in 2004 by Polity Press. Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Skierka, Volker, 1952– [Fidel Castro. English] Fidel Castro : a biography / Volker Skierka; translated by Patrick Camiller. -
Appendix: Nixon's Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968 “Though His Working Life Has Been Passed Chiefly on the Far Shores of the C
Appendix: Nixon’s Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968 “Though his working life has been passed chiefly on the far shores of the continent, close by the Pacific and the Atlantic, some emotion always brings Richard Nixon back to the Caribbean waters off Key Biscayne and Florida.”—T. H. White, The Making of the President, 19681 Richard Nixon, like millions of other Americans, enjoyed Florida and the nearby islands of Cuba and the Bahamas as refuges where he could leave behind his many cares and inhibitions. But he also returned again and again to the region as an important ongoing source of political and financial support. In the process, the lax ethics of its shadier operators left its mark on his career. This Sunbelt frontier had long attracted more than its share of sleazy businessmen, promoters, and politicians who shared a get-rich-quick spirit. In Florida, hustlers made quick fortunes selling worthless land to gullible northerners and fleecing vacationers at illegal but wide-open gambling joints. Sheriffs and governors protected bookmakers and casino operators in return for campaign contributions and bribes. In nearby island nations, as described in chapter 4, dictators forged alliances with US mobsters to create havens for offshore gambling and to wield political influence in Washington. Nixon’s Caribbean milieu had roots in the mobster-infested Florida of the 1940s. He was introduced to that circle through banker and real estate investor Bebe Rebozo, lawyer Richard Danner, and Rep. George Smathers. Later this chapter will explore some of the diverse connections of this group by following the activities of Danner during the 1968 presidential campaign, as they touched on Nixon’s financial and political ties to Howard Hughes, the South Florida crime organization of Santo Trafficante, and mobbed-up hotels and casinos in Las Vegas and Miami. -
Music for a Shadow Play)
Gamelan (Music for a Shadow Play) By Lawrence R. Tirino ©2013 To the good people who have been led astray by madmen, and especially to those who have suffered as a result. 1.Death in the Afternoon Chucha de tu madre! Que bestia!¨ Louis grumbled under his breath as he listened to the men on red scooters visiting all the small shopkeepers. ¨Chulqueros! ¨ He spat into the gutter. ¨Todo el pueblo anda chiro; ¨ - meaning of course that everyone‟s pockets held lint, or dust, or assorted garbage, but none of them held any money. They can‟t get credit cards, and banks won‟t lend them the small amounts that they needed to keep their business running, so they look for one of the countless street shysters that sit drinking coffee at beachfront restaurants in the afternoons when the sun has mellowed. These merchant bankers are the survivors who fled the brutality of their own countries; and although they now wear fine leather shoes and silk shits, the scent of decadence still clings to their pores. Last year they were charging twenty per cent of the principle on the first of the month. Nervous shopkeepers were easily confused into believing that they were paying the same rates as banks. Now it was even easier; a few dollars every day. But all the borrower ever pays is interest. One day the victim wakes up and realizes their mistake; and then they fold and disappear into the nighttime air. Or perhaps the back page of the morning paper. Sunday, the saddest day. -
White House Tapes of the Nixon Administration, 1971-1973 Page | 1
White House Tapes of the Nixon Administration, 1971-1973 Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, NARA Online Public Access Catalog Identifier: 597542 Conversation No. 662-001 Conversation No. 662-002 Conversation No. 662-003 Conversation No. 662-004 Conversation No. 662-005 Conversation No. 662-006 Conversation No. 662-007 Conversation No. 662-008 Conversation No. 662-009 Conversation No. 662-010 Conversation No. 662-011 Conversation No. 662-001 Date: February 1, 1972 Time: 9:33 am - 9:35 am Location: Oval Office The President met with Alexander P. Butterfield. Missing plaque Butterfield left at an unknown time before 9:35 am. Conversation No. 662-002 Date: February 1, 1972 Time: 9:39 am - 9:45 am Location: Oval Office The President met with Alexander P. Butterfield. Missing plaque -Replacement -Certificate -University of Nebraska football team -Polls William F. (“Billy”) Graham -Timing Page | 1 White House Tapes of the Nixon Administration, 1971-1973 Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, NARA Online Public Access Catalog Identifier: 597542 H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman meeting -Timing Butterfield left at an unknown time before 9:45 am. Conversation No. 662-003 Date: February 1, 1972 Time: Unknown between 9:45 am and 10:03 am Location: Oval Office The President met with Alexander P. Butterfield. President’s schedule -William F. (“Billy”) Graham meeting -H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman Butterfield left at an unknown time before 10:03 am. Conversation No. 662-004 Date: February 1, 1972 Time: 10:03 am - 11:37 am Location: Oval Office The President met with William F. (“Billy”) Graham and H. -
Nixon's Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA
Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Online Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship January 2016 Nixon's Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA Chris Collins Eastern Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Collins, Chris, "Nixon's Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA" (2016). Online Theses and Dissertations. 352. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/352 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Online Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nixon’s Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA By Christopher M. Collins Bachelor of Arts Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, Kentucky 2011 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 2016 Copyright © Christopher M. Collins, 2016 All rights reserved ii Acknowledgments I could not have completed this thesis without the support and generosity of many remarkable people. First, I am grateful to the entire EKU history department for creating such a wonderful environment in which to work. It has truly been a great experience. I am thankful to the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Robert Weise, Dr. Carolyn Dupont, and especially Dr. Thomas Appleton, who has been a true friend and mentor to me, and whose kind words and confidence in my work has been a tremendous source of encouragement, without which I would not have made it this far. -
F:\Nixon -- Move to Former Staff on 9.2\Declarations
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ___________________________________________) DECLARATIONS IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Allison M. Zieve (D.C. Bar No. 424786) Michael T. Kirkpatrick (D.C. Bar No. 486293 Public Citizen Litigation Group 1600 20th Street NW Washington, DC 20009 (202) 588-1000 Counsel for Petitioners TABLE OF CONTENTS Tab Declaration of Stanley Kutler.................................................... A Declaration of Julian Helisek (including exhibits) ................................... B Declaration of Richard J. Davis .................................................. C Declaration of John W. Dean III ................................................. D Declaration of David M. Dorsen ................................................. E Declaration of Mark Feldstein ................................................... F Declaration of Don Fulsom ..................................................... G Declaration of David Greenberg ................................................. H Declaration of Kenneth J. Hughes, Jr. .............................................. I Declaration of Thomas Long .................................................... -
Murder Suspect: G. Gordon Liddy G. Gordon Liddy
Murder Suspect: G. Gordon Liddy G. Gordon Liddy was born November 30th 1930 in Brooklyn, New York. He started as a attorney after joining the army and fighting in the Korean War. He also was the youngest Beaurea Supervisor in the F.B.I He later became a prominent figure in the Nixon administration and served many jobs and positions before heading the Committee to re-elect the president in 1972. This organization known as CREEP was used to help stop important leeks of Nixon campaign and presidential material. The CREEP leaders were closely related to the so-called “Plumbers” and were paranoid about the opposition to Nixon. Liddy, who had early been seen as somewhat of a loose cannon, did find many “democratic plots” and eagerly searched for a way to embarrass and discredit democratic candidates. The biggest scandal Liddy ever organized was the break in at the Watergate Complex. Later on, after his 5 men were caught he would be tried and incarcerated for conspiracy, burglary, and illicit wiretapping. Liddy, an unbalanced man, would be about a 6 on a scale of 1 to 10 for killing Nixon seeing as he feared serving 20 years in federal prison. Murder Suspect a) Eldridge Cleaver: Cleaver was a political activist, writer and serial rapist best known for being an early leader for the Black Panthers in the late 1960’s and early ‘70’s. After getting out of jail on a rape conviction in 1966, Cleaver became a Presidential nominee on the “Peace and Freedom” party. Cleaver was shot during the Oakland riots in 1968.