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The Conservation and Renewal of Historic Ironwork

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The Conservation and Renewal of Historic Ironwork The Conservation and Renewal of Historic Ironwork Built Environment Division Built Environment Division his leaflet provides design advice gates and railings enhance the to property owners and those appearance and value of historic buildings. T seeking to either repair or A recent survey of estate agents carried reinstate traditionally designed railings out by English Heritage revealed that 82% on properties. It provides a brief felt that original features tended to add financial value to properties and 78% felt history of railings, advises on best that they helped a property to sell more methods to maintain historic ironwork; quickly. Railings also establish an element analyses the materials and of continuity which often characterises characteristics of various types of whole streets and areas of the same railing and looks at historic examples period, style, or historic development. of ironwork within Cheltenham. It is They provide rhythm within the street essential reading for building owners, scene and help form consistency and a architects and others who are relationship between buildings. responsible for the care of historic Within Cheltenham, railings and other buildings. ornamental ironwork are one of the most important elements of the town’s historic architecture and townscape. Referring to 1) INTRODUCTION Cheltenham’s ironwork, Amina Chatwin states that “No other town in the country This leaflet provides guidance on the seems to have such a wealth and variety design, construction, installation and of ironwork.”1 maintenance of historic and traditionally designed ironwork, with a particular Across the country, many wrought and emphasis on boundary railings. It is cast iron railings were removed for scrap designed to be a useful reference source during the Second World War. There is for those wishing to repair or reinstate evidence throughout Cheltenham of the historic and traditionally designed railings. loss of historic railings. The majority of these have failed to be replaced or have Historic railings and gates dating from the been replaced with frequently 19th century are predominantly found on th inappropriate and untraditional boundary the front boundary of 19 century terraces treatments such as timber fencing. and houses in Cheltenham. 3) DESIGN ADVICE 2) BACKGROUND Cheltenham Borough Council requires that Railings form a key component in all new and replacement railings are establishing the historic setting of designed appropriately, in order to buildings. They provide a traditional and preserve or enhance the historic character attractive form of boundary enclosure. of buildings and the townscape overall. Railings largely contribute to the character of historic buildings and usually form part New and replacement railings: some of their curtilage. In the case of listed points to consider: buildings, these railings are curtilage listed It is important that new and structures, which have the same replacement railings are designed protection as listed buildings. However, accurately to complement the historic many railings are also listed in their own buildings. Where possible, the same right due to their historic and architectural design and material of the original interest. railings should be used to produce an Boundary railings act as an important accurate copy. Where none of the element in the street scene, which original railings exist, it is advisable to separate public and private space. They closely examine original railings or emphasise the principles of composition, similar buildings in the same or nearby such as symmetry, hierarchy and streets, to give an indication of the uniformity in the design of terraces and the appearance of streets and whole areas. The retention of period features such as 1 Chatwin, A. Cheltenham’s Ornamental Ironwork pg. 8 Built Environment Division original design; vertical bars and frequently have a different or larger finial; The age and design of the historic building should be considered, where Railings should be on average 1.1 to railings are to be introduced, to ensure 1.2 metres in height; the design of the railings is authentic; Railings should be cast or wrought As a general rule, the height of the iron; however mild steel railings are front boundary enclosure should acceptable in some circumstances. reflect the scale of the building; Each application will be judged on its own, individual merits; When reinstating new railings, their correct proportion and detailing is The railings and plinth should follow particularly important to consider. the slope of the road and not be Vertical bars should be individually set stepped; into the stone plinth. Most original The most appropriate colour for railing designs have all the vertical railings (including finials) to be painted bars set individually into pre-drilled is black, although sometimes green is holes in the top of the plinth; suitable; The plinth should be Forest of Dean For new replacement railings to sandstone and uniform grey in colour; replace existing railings on listed Critical to the appearance of the buildings, listed building consent will railings (and the building to which they normally be required. However the belong) is the spacing of the bars. preferred option is for the historic This is determined mainly by the railings to be repaired rather than railing finials which should be replaced. Please contact the appropriately spaced from each other, Conservation Team to see if you will and by the width of the bars. As a need listed building consent prior to general indication of the spacing, bars carrying out any works. Before should be approximately 140mm apart determining applications involving (between centres) if they are existing historic railings, the local approximately 25mm thick (this should authority may require a specialist’s always be adjusted to individual report to confirm the type of metal, the designs); condition of the existing railings and the necessity for their total A horizontal bottom rail is not replacement. It is advisable that the acceptable. Railings must be type of metal is the same as that used individually set into the plinth with a originally. molten lead socket; The plinth should be approximately 250 to 300mm in height and at least 150mm wide; Most plinths should not have chamfered shoulders, although where the proposed design of railings is of a 19th century replica Gothic Revival then the plinth is chamfered; The type and size of the railing finials and other individual features of replacement railings needs to be carefully considered; The type/method of construction and Good example of replacement fixing needs to be carefully railings, with tulip bud and urn considered; finials set in Forest of Dean sandstone plinth. Railings are Standards, usually with back stays are located outside Summerfield often of a wider section than the House, Bayshill Road. Built Environment Division Areas, and dealing with requirements for Listed Building Consent and Conservation Area Consent. The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995. This Order deals with types of development which can be carried out without requiring planning permission. The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (Amendment) (No. 2) (England) Order 2008. Amendments to the Order which deals with types of development which can be carried out without requiring planning permission. Good example of replacement Planning permission railings with tulip bud finials set in Forest of Dean sandstone plinth, Planning permission is required for the outside The Limes, Bayshill Road. construction of any boundary treatment (i.e. gate, fence or wall) which is over 1 metre in height and next to a public highway, or over 2 metres in height elsewhere, or is anywhere on the boundary of the site of a listed building. For further advice, please contact the Planning department on 01242 264328. Listed buildings Listed building consent is required for any repairs or alterations which would affect the character of a listed building. Walls, railings, gates and boundary treatments which physically touch a listed building are also listed at the same grade as the building. Some original boundary treatments are listed in their own right. Poor example of replacement railings with Consent would be required for their inappropriate stepped and chamfered alteration or removal. Boundary treatments plinth and railings set into bottom rail within the grounds of listed buildings which rather than individually set into plinth. Where the ground slopes the plinth and form part of the curtilage and have done st railings should not be stepped, but should so since before 1 July 1948 are curtilage listed and listed at the same grade as the follow the line of the slope. building. They would require listed building consent for their alteration/removal. Please note that it is a criminal offence to 4) LEGISLATION carry out any works to listed buildings The main statutory planning provisions without obtaining listed building consent affecting boundary treatments including prior to works. railings are contained in: Walls, railings, gates or other means of The Town and Country Planning Act enclosure are usually important elements 1990, in respect of the requirements for of a listed building and its setting. It is Planning Permission. usually inappropriate to remove them and alterations should be very carefully The Planning (Listed Buildings and considered. Conservation Areas) Act 1990, in respect of the works
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