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1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them. -
Resettlement Into Roman Territory Across the Rhine and the Danube Under the Early Empire (To the Marcomannic Wars)*
Eos C 2013 / fasciculus extra ordinem editus electronicus ISSN 0012-7825 RESETTLEMENT INTO ROMAN TERRITORY ACROSS THE RHINE AND THE DANUBE UNDER THE EARLY EMPIRE (TO THE MARCOMANNIC WARS)* By LESZEK MROZEWICZ The purpose of this paper is to investigate the resettling of tribes from across the Rhine and the Danube onto their Roman side as part of the Roman limes policy, an important factor making the frontier easier to defend and one way of treating the population settled in the vicinity of the Empire’s borders. The temporal framework set in the title follows from both the state of preser- vation of sources attesting resettling operations as regards the first two hundred years of the Empire, the turn of the eras and the time of the Marcomannic Wars, and from the stark difference in the nature of those resettlements between the times of the Julio-Claudian emperors on the one hand, and of Marcus Aurelius on the other. Such, too, is the thesis of the article: that the resettlements of the period of the Marcomannic Wars were a sign heralding the resettlements that would come in late antiquity1, forced by peoples pressing against the river line, and eventu- ally taking place completely out of Rome’s control. Under the Julio-Claudian dynasty, on the other hand, the Romans were in total control of the situation and transferring whole tribes into the territory of the Empire was symptomatic of their active border policies. There is one more reason to list, compare and analyse Roman resettlement operations: for the early Empire period, the literature on the subject is very much dominated by studies into individual tribe transfers, and works whose range en- * Originally published in Polish in “Eos” LXXV 1987, fasc. -
Castles Along the Rhine & Moselle, 5 Days
CASTLES ALONG THE RHINE & MOSELLE Private Escorted Tour April 1 - October 20, 2021 - Departure any day 5 days / 4 nights: 1 night in Frankfurt, Liebenstein Castle, Ehrenburg Castle, Trier, Heidelberg Accommodation Meals Tours Transportation Transfer Not included 4* hotels in each city Breakfast daily in Tours throughout as Car or minival during entire tour. Arrival and City taxes in hotels each city. per itinerary. departure transfers to be paid on site English speaking guide during Admissions to entire tour. castles included Wine tasting Rates 2021 US$ per Person Day by Day Itinerary Day 1: The tour begins in Frankfurt and follows the Rhine to Rudesheim. Enjoy a sightseeing Hotel Class & Dates Twin Single tour of Rudesheim’s old historic center. Next we embark on a cruise and sail along the Rhine River, the Lorelei Valley. Disembark at Kamp-Bornhofen and ascend to Liebenstein 4* Hotel Castle, which towers high above the village and offers a beautiful view of the Rhine. April 1 - October 20 $3,569 $3,924 Accommodation in this 13th century castle. The rooms have been beautifully restored in medieval style. *Based on minimum 2 people traveling Day 2: After breakfast, travel to the ancient Roman city of Koblenz, one of the oldest cities in together. Germany. Then continue to the “Deutsches Eck” or German Corner, where the Moselle meets the Rhine. Cross the river in a panoramic cable car for a spectacular view. Visit the Liebenstein ← Frankfurt Ehrenbreitstein Fort, the second largest fort in Europe. Then continue along the Moselle ← river and the Ehrbachtal Valley. Ascend to Ehrenburg Castle for the Night. -
EMS INFORMATION BULLETIN Nr 144
16/07/2021 EMSR517 – Flood in Western Germany EMSR518 – Flood in Belgium EMSR519 – Flood in Switzerland EMSR520 – Flood in The Netherlands EMS INFORMATION BULLETIN Nr 144 THE COPERNICUS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SERVICE The Copernicus Emergency Management Service forecasts, notifies, and monitors devastating floods in Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland CEMS flood forecasting and notifying in Germany On 9 and 10 July, flood forecasts by the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service indicated a high probability of flooding for the Rhine River basin, affecting Switzerland and Germany. Subsequent forecasts also indicated a high risk of flooding for the Meuse River basin, affecting Belgium. The magnitude of the floods forecasted for the Rhine River basin increased significantly in this period. The first EFAS notifications were sent to the relevant national authorities starting on 10 July and, with the continuously updated forecasts, more than 25 notifications were sent for specific regions of the Rhine and Meuse River basins in the following days until 14 July. Figure: EFAS flood forecast from 12.07.2021 00:00 UTC Providing early and current maps of flooded areas On 13 July, the CEMS Rapid Mapping component was activated to map the ongoing floods in parts of Western Germany (EMSR517 Mapping Website , EMSR517 Activation Viewer). As a flood peak was foreseen on 16 July for segments of other rivers, CEMS preemptively acquired satellite images of the vulnerable area through Pre-Tasking on 14 July. These early images informed ensuing activations by the CEMS Rapid Mapping component based on the EFAS forecasts for areas in Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and France. -
Supplement of a High-Resolution Dataset of Water Fluxes and States for Germany Accounting for Parametric Uncertainty
Supplement of Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1769–1790, 2017 http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/21/1769/2017/ doi:10.5194/hess-21-1769-2017-supplement © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of A high-resolution dataset of water fluxes and states for Germany accounting for parametric uncertainty Matthias Zink et al. Correspondence to: Luis Samaniego ([email protected]) and Matthias Zink ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence. Table S1. Time and location invariant global parameters of mHM v4.3 which are purpose to an automated calibration. Category Number Paraeter Name Unit Minimum Maximum Interception 1 canopyInterceptionFactor [1] 0.1 0.3 2 snowTreshholdTemperature [◦C] -2 2 3 degreeDayFactor_forest [mm d−1 ◦C−1] 0.0001 4 4 degreeDayFactor_impervious [mm d−1 ◦C−1] 0.5 4 5 degreeDayFactor_pervious [mm d−1 ◦C−1] 0.5 6 Snow 6 increaseDegreeDayFactorByPrecip [d−1 mm−1] 0.1 7 7 maxDegreeDayFactor_forest [mm d−1 ◦C−1] 3 8 8 maxDegreeDayFactor_impervious [mm d−1 ◦C−1] 3 8 9 maxDegreeDayFactor_pervious [mm d−1 ◦C−1] 3 8 10 orgMatterContent_forest [%] 4 7 11 orgMatterContent_impervious [%] 0 0.1 12 orgMatterContent_pervious [%] 1.5 3 13 PTF_lower66_5_constant [-] 0.7 0.8 Soil moisture - 14 PTF_lower66_5_clay [-] 0.0005 0.0015 storage 15 PTF_lower66_5_Db [-] -0.27 -0.25 16 PTF_higher66_5_constant [-] 0.8 0.9 17 PTF_higher66_5_clay [-] -0.0015 -0.0005 18 PTF_higher66_5_Db [-] -0.35 -0.3 19 infiltrationShapeFactor [-] 0.5 4 20 Permanent Wilting Point [-] -
Gemeinde Und Verbandsgemeinde Arbeiten Zukunftsweisend „Örtliches Hochwasser- Und Starkregenvorsorgekonzept Der VG Göllheim“ Wurde Erstellt
Nr. 1/2020 Seite 1 im Februar 2021 Gemeinde und Verbandsgemeinde arbeiten zukunftsweisend „Örtliches Hochwasser- und Starkregenvorsorgekonzept der VG Göllheim“ wurde erstellt Die ältesten bekannten Fotos von Überschwemmun- Der Hammerhof von der Kleinmühle aus gesehen im gen stammen wahrscheinlich aus dem Jahr 1940. Jahr 1962. Hier die ehemalige Schafsbrücke. Albisheim ist sowohl von Überflu- Die Gemeinde Albisheim ist auf tungen aus der Pfrimm und vom Leisels- Grund ihrer Lage im Tal an zwei Bach- bach, als auch zunehmend von Sturzflu- läufen schon immer von Hochwasserer- ten aus Starkregen betroffen. Ziel des ört- eignissen betroffen. lichen Hochwasser- und Starkregenvor- Das älteste bekannte Hochwasser, von sorgekonzeptes ist die Erarbeitung von dem berichtet wurde, war am 27. Novem- Maßnahmen aus verschiedenen Hand- ber 1882. Es war besonders verheerend, lungsbereichen der Hochwasservorsorge, da alle Mühlen entlang der Pfrimm aus- die geeignet sind, Schäden zu reduzie- fielen, weil sie im Wasser standen, und ren und neue nicht entstehen zu lassen. sich die Felder auf weiter Strecke in eine Das Konzept soll für die Ortsgemeinde, Seenlandschaft verwandelten. Auch 1892 die Verbandsgemeinde, die Verbandsge- lung der Gewässer im Zuge der Gewäs- und 1902 wurden weitere Überschwem- meindewerke, die Feuerwehr und jeden serunterhaltung. mungen registriert. Auf einem Foto der Einzelnen Handlungsoptionen aufzeigen, Zu den Daueraufgaben der Gewässe- Schafsbrücke vom Hochwasser 1940 ist um sich besser auf solche Ereignisse vor- runterhaltspflichtigen gehören regelmä- an Markierungen zu sehen, dass 1920 und bereiten zu können. ßige Kontrollen der Pfrimm sowie Lei- 1930 das Wasser an der Brücke höher ge- Besonderer Schwerpunkt hat dabei selsbach und Fixierung oder Entnahme standen war. Vor dem Hochwasser 1962, auch die Hochwasservorsorge in der von gefährlichem Totholz im Zuge der von dem viele Fotos existieren, wurde Bauleitplanung. -
16109431 Lprob 1.Pdf
Günter Neumann Namenstudien zum Altgermanischen Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Herausgegeben von Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer Band 59 ≥ Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Günter Neumann Namenstudien zum Altgermanischen Herausgegeben von Heinrich Hettrich und Astrid van Nahl ≥ Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Țȍ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier, das die US-ANSI-Norm über Haltbarkeit erfüllt. ISBN 978-3-11-020100-0 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Copyright 2008 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 10785 Berlin. Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außer- halb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany Einbandgestaltung: Christopher Schneider, Berlin Druck und buchbinderische Verarbeitung: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen Günter Neumann Vorwort Das Œuvre des Sprachwissenschaftlers Günter Neumann (1920–2005) kon- zentriert sich um drei Schwerpunkte: Die indogermanischen Sprachen des alten Kleinasien, die klassischen Sprachen Griechisch und Latein sowie die altgermanischen Sprachen. Zu allen drei Bereichen liegt eine Fülle von Aufsätzen und Beiträgen vor, die nicht nur sprachvergleichend, sondern fast im gleichen Maße philologisch ausgerichtet sind. Es ist deshalb sinn- voll, wenn die Kleinen Schriften dieses Gelehrten nach diesen Themen- gebieten getrennt veröffentlicht werden. Für die bis Anfang der neunziger Jahre vorliegenden Aufsätze zu den altkleinasiatischen Sprachen und zum Griechischen ist dies bereits in Form der „Ausgewählte[n] Kleine[n] Schrif- ten“ erfolgt, die 1994 von E. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
Map 10 Rhenus-Albis Compiled by J.H.F
Map 10 Rhenus-Albis Compiled by J.H.F. Bloemers, 1995 Introduction The map covers a large part of what Ptolemy (2.Prolog.; 2.11) called Germania Megale, that immense part of Germania outside the formal north-west limits of the Roman empire, bordered by the North Sea and Baltic Sea. During the Roman period the landscape was, as elsewhere, quite different from the present; in this region the coast, estuaries, rivers and moors deserve special attention. Long-known historical information has to be combined with knowledge acquired after World War II by intensive geological and palaeogeographical research in the Netherlands and northern Germany. Due to the rise in sea level and post-Roman shoreline changes, the coast along the southern North Sea has changed considerably since the Roman period, retreating landwards. In general, with the help of well-founded geological data, it can now be reconstructed in advance of the present-day shoreline (Kossack 1984, 51-82; van Es 1988, 88-94). Even so, it still seems prudent to render long stretches as approximate. In antiquity, principal rivers such as the Rhenus, Visurgis and Albis spread over wide flood-plains, but are now channeled between embankments. Large areas in the north of the modern Netherlands and Germany were covered by peat, and consequently almost inaccessible. Today, these are drained and cultivated, with the result that the ground level is now many feet lower than during Roman times. In addition, ancient Germania Megale was famous for its extensive, dense forests. All the Greek and Roman texts relating to the region are conveniently assembled by Byvanck (1931) and Goetz (1995). -
Histoire Des Collections Numismatiques Et Des Institutions Vouées À La Numismatique
25 Histoire des collections numismatiques et des institutions vouÉes À la numismatique Igor Van den Vonder and Guido Creemers tHe COINs AND MEDALs COLLECTION oF tHe GALLO-ROMAN MUSEUM IN TONGEREN (BELGIUM) the coin and medal collection of the Gallo-roman museum in tongeren is the former coin and medal cabinet (Munt- en Penningkabinet) of the Province of limburg. it is an important collection, comprising over 30,000 coins and exonumia. the collection reflects the coins produced and in circulation in the region from antiquity to the 19th century and is unique because many were excavated locally. When the coin and medal cabinet was established in 1985, the province’s own collection consisted of the collections belonging to the royal limburg Historical and antiquarian society (Koninklijk Limburgs Geschied- en Oud- heidkundig Genootschap) and the barons Philippe de schaetzen and armand de schaetzen de schaetzenhoff. these form the core of the collection, to- gether with the collection of the former small seminary of sint-truiden, on loan from the diocese of Hasselt. With the acquisition of several private collections, the coin and medal cabinet achieved its target of 10,000 items. an active collecting policy was implemented and the collection soon doubled in size, largely thanks to gifts. Furthermore, Belgium’s royal court made over Prince charles’ personal collection to the coin and medal cabinet as a long-term loan. systematic efforts were also made to acquire the coin hoards found in the region. at the end of the last century the Province of limburg decided to fully integrate the coin and medal cabinet into the archaeological collection of the Gallo-roman museum. -
La Gaule Indépendante Et La Gaule Romaine
LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE ET LA GAULE ROMAINE GUSTAVE BLOCH PARIS – 1900 TOME PREMIER DE L'HISTOIRE DE FRANCE DEPUIS LES ORIGINES JUSQU'À LA RÉVOLUTION, D'ERNEST LAVISSE PREMIÈRE PARTIE. — LES ORIGINES. - LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE. - LA CONQUÊTE ROMAINE LIVRE PREMIER. — LES ORIGINES CHAPITRE PREMIER. — LES SOCIÉTÉS PRIMITIVES I. - L'âge de la pierre taillée — II . - L'âge de la pierre polie — III . - L'âge des métaux CHAPITRE II. — LES PEUPLES HISTORIQUES I. - Les Ibères et les Ligures — II . - Les Phéniciens et Marseille — III . - Les Celtes et leurs migrations — IV . - Les peuples de la Gaule LIVRE II. — LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE ET LA CONQUÊTE ROMAINE CHAPITRE PREMIER. — LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE I. - La civilisation — II . - La religion — III . - La religion (suite). Le sacerdoce druidique — IV . - Les institutions sociales et politiques — V. - Les luttes dans les cités et entre les cités CHAPITRE II. — LA CONQUÊTE ROMAINE I. - La conquête et l'organisation de la province transalpine (154-58 av. J.-C.) — II . - Les campagnes de César (58-50 av. J.-C.) — III . - Les caractères et les effets de la conquête — IV . - Les insurrections du premier siècle ap. J.-C. DEUXIÈME PARTIE. — LA GAULE ROMAINE LIVRE PREMIER. — LE GOUVERNEMENT DE LA GAULE AU Ier ET AU IIe SIÈCLES AP. J.-C. CHAPITRE PREMIER. — LE GOUVERNEMENT CENTRAL I. - La monarchie impériale — II . - Les circonscriptions provinciales — III . - Les circonscriptions provinciales (suite). La frontière germanique — IV . - Les gouverneurs des provinces. La justice — V. - L'impôt — VI . - Le service militaire. L'armée gallo- germanique CHAPITRE II. — LE GOUVERNEMENT LOCAL I. - La religion impériale et les assemblées provinciales — II . - Les états ou cités. -
Caesar and Tacitus Reading Introduction to the Caesar Reading Julius Caesar Wrote Accounts of His Campaigns in Gaul to Justify His Power and Actions
Caesar and Tacitus Reading Introduction to the Caesar Reading Julius Caesar wrote accounts of his campaigns in Gaul to justify his power and actions. Here he gives his most extensive accounts of the peoples of Gaul and Germany. What customs, values and practices among the Gauls and the Germans seem significantly different from customs, values and practices at Rome? Are there ways in which he may use these differences as a justification for the military campaigns he is carrying out? Caesar, Gallic Wars Book 6 (chapters 11-20) (Trans. by H. J. Edwards, 1917) 6.11 Since I have arrived at this point, it would seem to be not inappropriate to set forth the customs of Gaul and of Germany, and the difference between these nations. In Gaul, not only in every state and every canton and district, but almost in each several household, there are parties [= political factions]; and the leaders of the parties are men who in the judgment of their fellows are deemed to have the highest authority, men to whose decision and judgment the supreme issue of all cases and counsels may be referred. And this seems to have been an ordinance from ancient days, to the end that no man of the people should lack assistance against a more powerful neighbour; for each man refuses to allow his own folk to be oppressed and defrauded, since otherwise he has no authority among them. The same principle holds in regard to Gaul as a whole taken together; for the whole body of states is divided into two parties.