Dry Zone Urban Water Supply And

Supplementary Appendix Q/Vavuniya Government of Sri Lanka Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance Project Number: 4853-SRI Sri Lanka: Dry Zone Urban Areas Water and Sanitation Project (DZUWSP) INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION: VAVUNIYA (DRAFT) MARCH 2008 Supplementary Appendix L/Vavuniya i CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 A. Purpose of the report ............................................................................................................................ 1 B. Extent of IEE study ............................................................................................................................... 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................ 4 A. Type, Category and Need..................................................................................................................... 4 B. Location, Size and Implementation Schedule....................................................................................... 5 C. Description of the Sub-projects............................................................................................................. 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT..............................................................16 A. Physical Resources ............................................................................................................................ 16 B. Ecological Resources ......................................................................................................................... 21 C. Economic Development...................................................................................................................... 23 D. Social and Cultural Resources............................................................................................................ 26 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................................................... 27 A. Screening out areas of no significant impact...................................................................................... 27 B. Augmentation of Water Supply and Treatment................................................................................... 28 C. Improving the Water Supply Network ................................................................................................. 33 D. Sewage Treatment Plant .................................................................................................................... 37 E. Sewerage Network................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. F. Drainage................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................ 40 A. Screening out areas of no significant impact...................................................................................... 40 B. Water Supply....................................................................................................................................... 40 C. Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................ 48 ii Supplementary Appendix L/Vavuniya VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: LOCATION AND DESIGN.....52 VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN............................................................................................................................. 53 A. Summary of environmental impacts and mitigation measures........................................................... 53 B. Institutional arrangements for project implementation........................................................................ 53 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan........................................................................................................... 61 D. Environmental management and monitoring costs ............................................................................ 67 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE..........................69 A. Project stakeholders ........................................................................................................................... 69 B. Consultation and disclosure to date.................................................................................................... 69 C. Future consultation and disclosure ..................................................................................................... 72 IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................73 A. Findings............................................................................................................................................... 73 B. Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 76 X. CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................................76 APPENDIX 1: Environmental Management Plan for Puthunkulam Reservoir………………82 APPENDIX 2: Current Sri Lankan drinking water standards (1996)………………………… 99 APPENDIX 3: Existing Sri Lankan wastewater discharge standards (1990)……………….101 APPENDIX 4: Draft new wastewater discharge standards (2008)……………………………102 APPENDIX 5: Summary of public consultation meeting held in Vavuniya…………………103 TABLES Table 1: Water supply, sewerage/sanitation and drainage subprojects proposed in Vavuniya…..8 Table 2: Water quality of Per Aru from one sample taken in October 2007……………………….20 Table 3: Average Quality of Existing Wells…………………………………………….. 21 Table 4: General groundwater quality in Vavuniya…………………………………………………..21 Table 5: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts……………….28 Supplementary Appendix L/Vavuniya iii Table 6: Fields in which operation and maintenance of the completed infrastructure is not expected to have significant impacts…………………………………………………………………..40 Table 7: Environmental impacts and mitigation for the Vavuniya Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Subprojects……………………………………………………………………………………55 Table 8: Environmental Monitoring Plan………………………………………………………………62 Table 9: Environmental management and monitoring costs………………………………………..67 Table 10 Comments made at public consultation meeting in Vavuniya, 25 January 2008………69 FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the project and proposed improvements in water supply infrastructure……6 Figure 2: Proposed location for Septage treatment…………...…………………………………….7 Figure 3: Proposed Per Aru bund and reservoir……………………………………………………...12 Figure 4: Layout of proposed Septage Treatment Plant…………………………………………….14 Figure 5: Design of proposed latrines…………………………………………………………………17 Figure 6: Geology of Vavuniya…………………………………………………………………………18 Figure 7: Average monthly rainfall in Vavuniya, 1958-2007………………………………………...19 Figure 8: Land-use in the Vavuniya Divisional Secretary Area……………………………………..23 PHOTOGRAPHS Photo 1: Per Aru river at Puthunkulam………………………………………………………………..76 Photo 2: Road from intake to WTP…………………………………………………………………….76 Photo 3: Proposed location of WTP…………………………………………………………..............76 Photo 4: RCC tanks for water treatment………………………………………………………………76 Photo 5: Overhead Reservoir in Vavuniya……………………………………………………………76 Photo 6: Local roads in Vavuniya………………………………………………………………………76 Photo 7: Pumping station……………………………………………………………………………….77 Photo 8: Proposed site of STP…………………………………………………………………………77 Photo 9: Irrigation tank…………………………………………………………………………………77 Photo 10: Sluice gate………………………………………………………........................................77 Photo 11: Scrub woodland in Puthunkulam…………………………………………………………..78 Photo 12: Riverine forest on the Per Aru……………………………………………………………..78 Photo 13: Grazing land in Puthunkulam………………………………………………………………78 iv Supplementary Appendix L/Vavuniya Photo 14: Aquatic vegetation in a tank………………………………………………………………..78 Photo 15: Fishing in Pawat Kulam…………………………………………………………………….78 Photo 16: Roadside storm drain……………………………………………………………………….78 Photo 17: Electricity poles………………………………………………………………………………79 Photo 18: Road in the centre of Vavuniya…………………………………………………………….79 Photo 19: Road in the outskirts of Vavuniya………………………………………………………….79 Photo 20: Metal reinforcing……………………………………………………………………………..79 Photo 21: Wooden shuttering…………………………………………………………………………..79 Photo 22: Tube Well……………………………………………………………………………………..79 Photo 23: Roadside shrine……………………………………………………………………………...80 Photo 24: Backhoe digger excavating trench…………………………………………………………80 Photo 25: Digging a trench by hand…………………………………………………………………...80 Supplementary Appendix L/Vavuniya 1 I. INTRODUCTION A. Purpose of the Report 1. The Dry Zone Urban Water and Sanitation Program (DZUWSP) is intended to facilitate sustainable development in disadvantaged districts in Sri Lanka. This will be achieved by investing in priority water supply and sewerage/sanitation infrastructure in selected urban and rural areas, and assisting the National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) to institutionalise the development of sustainable community-based infrastructure. Assistance will be targeted

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