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In the Supreme Court of the United States Nos. 00-1526 and 00-9419 In the Supreme Court of the United States DORA GARCIA CISNEROS, PETITIONER v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BETTY LOUISE MAREK, PETITIONER v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON PETITIONS FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES IN OPPOSITION THEODORE B. OLSON Solicitor General Counsel of Record MICHAEL CHERTOFF Assistant Attorney General DEBORAH WATSON Attorney Department of Justice Washington, D.C. 20530-0001 (202) 514-2217 QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Whether petitioner Marek’s use of Western Union to send $500 to the “hit man” she hired satisfies 18 U.S.C. 1958(a)’s requirement that the defendant “use[] or cause[] another * * * to use * * * any facility in interstate * * * commerce.” Pet. 00-9419. 2. Whether the court of appeals properly applied the plain error standard to petitioner Marek’s claim that the district court failed to determine the factual basis for her plea, in violation of Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(f ). Pet. 00-9419. 3. Whether the district court properly instructed the jury on the elements of murder for hire in violation of 18 U.S.C. 1958. Pet. 00-1526. 4. Whether petitioner Cisneros’s conviction under 18 U.S.C. 1958 was barred by the statute of limitations. Pet. 00-1526. (I) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Opinions below ............................................................................... 1 Jurisdiction ...................................................................................... 2 Statement ........................................................................................ 2 Argument ........................................................................................ 10 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 30 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases: Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224 (1998) ........................................................................................ 14 Apprendi v. New Jersey, 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000) .............. 29 Aquionics Acceptance Corp. v. Kollar, 503 F.2d 1225 (6th Cir. 1974) ................................................................ 18 Barnes v. United States, 412 U.S. 837 (1973) ................... 24 Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470 (1917) .............. 15 Chapman v. United States, 500 U.S. 453 (1991) .............. 14 Dunn v. United States, 442 U.S. 100 (1979) ...................... 15 Dupuy v. Dupuy, 511 F.2d 641 (5th Cir. 1975) ................ 18 Loveridge v. Dreagoux, 678 F.2d 870 (10th Cir. 1982) ......................................................................................... 18 Mead Corp. v. Tilley, 490 U.S. 714 (1989) ......................... 14 Muscarello v. United States, 524 U.S. 125 (1998) ........................................................................................ 14 Myzel v. Fields, 386 F.2d 718 (8th Cir. 1967), cert. denied, 390 U.S. 951 (1968) .................................................. 18 New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992) .............. 18 Rewis v. United States, 401 U.S. 808 (1971) ..................... 26 Spilker v. Shayne Labs., Inc., 520 F.2d 523 (9th Cir. 1975) ......................................................................... 18 Toussie v. United States, 397 U.S. 112 (1970) .................. 28 United States v. Auerbach, 913 F.2d 407 (7th Cir. 1990) ................................................................................. 23, 26-27 (III) IV Cases—Continued: Page United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394 (1980) .................... 28 United States v. Baker, 82 F.3d 273 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1020 (1996) ............................................ 12, 26 United States v. Barry, 888 F.2d 1092 (6th Cir. 1989) ......................................................................................... 12, 18 United States v. Brockdorff, 992 F. Supp. 22 (D.D.C. 1997) ......................................................................................... 27-28 United States v. Clark, 646 F.2d 1259 (8th Cir. 1981) ......................................................................................... 23 United States v. Davidson, 122 F.3d 531 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1034 (1997) ....................................... 27 United States v. Delpit, 94 F.3d 1134 (8th Cir. 1996) ...... 27 United States v. Edelman, 873 F.2d 791 (5th Cir. 1989) ......................................................................................... 22 United States v. Feola, 420 U.S. 671 (1975) ............... 15, 23, 24 United States v. Finley, 175 F.3d 645 (8th Cir. 1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1094 (2000) ....................................... 27 United States v. Garrett, 716 F.2d 257 (5th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 937 (1984) ............................. 27 United States v. Gilbert, 181 F.3d 152 (1st Cir. 1999) ......................................................................................... 17 United States v. Gooding, 473 F.2d 425 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 412 U.S. 928 (1973) ......................................... 25 United States v. Herrera, 584 F.2d 1137 (2d Cir. 1978) ......................................................................................... 23, 25 United States v. Houlihan, 92 F.3d 1271 (1st Cir. 1996) ......................................................................................... 22, 25 United States v. LeFaivre, 507 F.2d 1288 (4th Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 1004 (1975) ........................... 23 United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995) .............. 15, 17, 19 United States v. Paredes, 950 F. Supp. 584 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) ...................................................................... 20 United States v. Perrin, 580 F.2d 730 (5th Cir. 1978), aff ’d on other grounds, 444 U.S. 37 (1979) ............ 23 United States v. Presley, 478 F.2d 163 (5th Cir. 1973) ... 25 V Cases—Continued: Page United States v. Razo-Leora, 961 F.2d 1140 (5th Cir. 1992) ......................................................................... 23 United States v. Roselli, 432 F.2d 879 (9th Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 401 U.S. 924 (1971) ............................. 23 United States v. Smith, 232 F.3d 650 (8th Cir. 2000) ......................................................................................... 29 United States v. Stevens, 842 F. Supp. 96 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) ......................................................................................... 20 United States v. Superson, No. 95 CR 564, 1997 WL 223072 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 24, 1997) ................................... 27 United States v. Villano, 529 F.2d 1046 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 953 (1976) ......................................... 23 United States v. Vonn, cert. granted, 121 S. Ct. 1185 (2001) ............................................................................... 20 United States v. Weathers, 169 F.3d 336 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 838 (1999) ................................. 18, 19, 26 United States v. Winters, 33 F.3d 720 (6th Cir. 1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1172 (1995) ........................... 22 United States v. Yashar, 166 F.3d 873 (7th Cir. 1999) .... 28 United States v. Yermian, 468 U.S. 63 (1984) .................. 23 United States v. Zizzo, 338 F.2d 577 (7th Cir. 1964), cert. denied, 381 U.S. 915 (1965) ......................................... 26 Western Union Tel. Co. v. Lenroot, 323 U.S. 490 (1945) ................................................................................. 13-14 Constitution, statutes and rules: U.S. Const.: Art. I, § 8, Cl. 3 (Commerce Clause) .................................. 17, 18 Amend. X ................................................................................ 18 Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. 922(q) (1994) ........................................................................................ 17 Securities Exchange Act of 1934 § 10, 15 U.S.C. 78j ............................................................................................. 17 VI Statutes and rules—Continued: Page Travel Act, 18 U.S.C. 1952 ....................................... 12, 16, 23, 26 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-322, § 60003(a)(11), 108 Stat. 1969 ........................................................................................... 29 18 U.S.C. 247(b) (1994) ............................................................. 14 18 U.S.C. 751(a) ......................................................................... 28 18 U.S.C. 1001 ............................................................................ 23 18 U.S.C. 1708 ............................................................................ 24 18 U.S.C. 1958 (1994 & Supp. V 1999) ............................... passim 18 U.S.C. 1958(a) (1988) ........................................................... 29 18 U.S.C. 1958(a) (1994 & Supp. V 1999) .... 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 28 18 U.S.C. 1958(b) ....................................................................... 12, 13 18 U.S.C. 1958(b)(2) .................................................................. 12, 13 18 U.S.C. 1959 ............................................................................ 13 Fed. R. Crim. P.: Rule 11 ..................................................................................... 10, 20 Rule 11(f ) ........................................................................ 11, 19, 20 Miscellaneous: S. Rep. No. 225, 98th Cong., 1st Sess.
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