DOCSLIB.ORG

The Relinquishment of Plain Dress: British Quaker Women's Abandonment of Plain Quaker Attire, 1860-1914

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Relinquishment of Plain Dress: British Quaker Women's Abandonment of Plain Quaker Attire, 1860-1914 The Relinquishment of Plain dress: British Quaker women's abandonment of Plain Quaker attire, 1860-1914 Miss Hannah Frances Rumball A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Brighton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2016 Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 2 Abstract This thesis discusses how British Quaker women negotiated relinquishing their religiously prescribed Plain dress from 1860 to 1914 in the context of developments in Quaker feminine identity. This thesis approaches its subjects by examining the primary source of surviving Quaker garments in British dress collections. These items provide the basis from which research methodologies and the personal narratives of Quaker women and their case studies are developed. Surviving garments, alongside historical letters, diaries, religious texts, department store catalogues, photographs and period dress illustrations are analysed in order to understand how women Quakers practised their religion and organised their public appearance through dress during this period. The original quality of this research is the outcome of an interdisciplinary approach. No other research project in the international dress history or religious history fields has discussed and critically considered the identity of British Quaker women through an analysis of their surviving clothing between 1860 and 1914. This aspect of British social history and therefore British identity has until now remained unexplored and unacknowledged. By 1860 Quakerism had undergone extreme doctrinal upheaval, which had led to the abandonment of those rules which enforced Plainness of speech and apparel that same year. Even prior to 1860, this thesis reveals that some women were incorporating fashion into their religious Plain dress, by using fashionable silhouettes and high-quality fabrics albeit eschewing bright colours and ornamentation. After 1860 however, male and female Quakers had complete individual freedom of choice in their clothing. During this period of religious turmoil, female Victorian Quakers vocalised a range of opinions on women's emancipation, education and welfare, on their role within the religious society and their opinions concerning dress through published correspondence in Quaker journals. This thesis identifies a variety of views concerning dress between 1860 and 1914, as Quaker women negotiated their individual freedom of choice in attire in a ternary Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 3 manner. Moreover, this thesis proves that this ternary interpretation was acknowledged by Quakers themselves and discussed within Quaker journals in the 1860-1914 period. Quakers of the period identified these ternary interpretations as ascetic, moderate and fashionable. This thesis proposes a new set of classifying terms, Non-Adaptive, Semi- Adaptive and Fully-Adaptive, in reflection of the extent to which Quaker women adapted their religious clothing to incorporate fashion alongside their differing interpretations of Quaker belief. Four case studies illustrate further these three adaptive interpretations, and show how individual Quaker women chose to present themselves to their religious community and wider society. Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 4 Contents Page Page Number Abstract 2 Table of Contents 4 List of Illustrations 5 Acknowledgements 24 Author's declaration 26 Introduction 27 Chapter 1 Research and Research Methodologies 35 Chapter 2 Literature Review based on Key Critical 78 Themes of the PhD Chapter 3 Women and Quakerism Pre-1860 105 Chapter 4 Women and Quakerism 1860 - 1914 in the context 141 of debates about women's role in society in general Chapter 5 Fashionable Dress compared to Quaker Dress 1860-1914 178 Chapter 6 Non-adaptive Case Study: Elizabeth Petipher Cash, 1873 220 Chapter 7 Fashionable Semi- Adaptive Case Study: Helen Priestman 290 Bright Clark, 1866 Chapter 8 Aesthetic Semi-Adaptive Case Study: Geraldine 341 Cadbury, 1891 Chapter 9 Fully-Adaptive Case Study: Lucretia Seebohm, 1874 and 406 Mary Ann Seebohm, c. 1891 Chapter 10 Debate and Discussion of Findings 450 Bibliography 468 Appendix 500 Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 5 List of Illustrations Chapter 1 Research and Research Methodology Fig. 1.1: Cadbury Wedding Photograph, with the bride Geraldine Cadbury at the centre. 8th September 1891. MS466A/603. Birmingham Library. © Cadbury Archive, Mondelēz International. Fig. 1.2: Wedding photograph depicting the bride, groom and bridesmaids. The image is clearly blurred. 8th September 1891. MS466A/604(a). Birmingham Library. © Cadbury Archive, Mondelēz International. Fig. 1.3: Double page spread from the C-F London Friends Institute. Showing the heavy card page with 4 rectangular windows for the carte de visite which slot in place, faced with a paper page containing the name, place and date of death for each of the sitters. Archive of the Religious Society of Friends. NSA13 Shelf 4. Personal photograph by the author. 5th March 2015. Fig. 1.4: Selection of carte de visite, revealing studio compositions which include more than one sitter. Q-S London Friends Institute. Archive of the Religious Society of Friends. NSA13 Shelf 4. Personal photograph by the author. 5th March 2015. Fig. 1.5: The reverse of Samuel Rhoads of Philadelphia's carte de visite, with the postage stamp still in place where the carte was sent to the Religious Society of Friends headquarters. Q-S London Friends Institute. Archive of the Religious Society of Friends. NSA13 Shelf 4. Personal photograph by the author. 5th March 2015. Chapter 2 Literature Review. No images. Chapter 3 Women and Quakerism Pre-1860 Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 6 Fig. 3.1: Wrap over front of Quaker Dress. 1810. Drab Silk. Killerton House National Trust, Devon. Personal photograph by the author. 18th November 2014. Fig. 3.2: Eighteen pleats on the back of the skirt from the waist band of Quaker Dress. 1810. Drab Silk. Killerton House National Trust, Devon. Personal photograph by the author. 18th November 2014. Fig. 3.3: Open twist silk cording at cuffs of Quaker Dress. 1810. Drab Silk. Killerton House National Trust, Devon. Personal photograph by the author. 18th November 2014. Fig. 3.4: Noticeably Plain through its lack of ornamentation and muted colour on Quaker Dress. 1810. Drab Silk. Killerton House National Trust, Devon. Personal photograph by the author. 18th November 2014. Fig. 3.5: Eliza Westwood (neé Nickalls) Wedding Bonnet. 1840. Beige satin. Worthing Museum and Art Gallery. Personal photograph by the author. 1st November 2012. Fig. 3.6: Beige twisted silk cord on bavolet on Eliza Westwood (neé Nickalls) Wedding Bonnet. 1840. Beige satin. Worthing Museum and Art Gallery. Personal photograph by the author. 1st November 2012. Fig. 3.7: Evidence of decay on Eliza Westwood (neé Nickalls) Wedding Bonnet. 1840. Beige satin. Worthing Museum and Art Gallery. Personal photograph by the author. 1st November 2012. Fig. 3.8: Membership of London Yearly Meeting 1800-1900. Elizabeth Isichei. Victorian Quakers. (Oxford: University Press, 1970) 111. © Oxford University Press. Chapter 4 Women and Quakerism 1860 - 1914 in the context of debates about women's role in society in general Fig. 4.1: (L-R) Margaret Tanner (née Priestman), Mary Priestman and Anna Maria Priestman. 2nd August 1890. JBG8/28. Alfred Gillett Trust, Clarks Archive, Street. Courtesy of the Alfred Gillett Trust/C & J Clark Ltd. Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 7 Fig. 4.2: Veeder. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. c.1900. Black and white film copy negative. LC-USZ62-28195. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographic Division, Washington D.C. Web. 27 March 2015. Courtesy of the Library of Congress LC-USZ62-28195 (b&w film copy neg.) http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004670381/ Fig. 4.3: Lucretia (Coffin) Mott, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing right, in Plain Quaker dress. circa 1860-1880. Black and white film copy negative. LC- USZ62-42559. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographic Division, Washington D.C. Web. 27 March 2015. Courtesy of the Library of Congress LC-USZ62-42559 (b&w film copy neg.) http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/97500244/ Fig. 4.4: Auguste Thomas Marie Blanchard. Elizabeth Fry. 1823. Line engraving. 16.2cm x 11.2cm. NPG D7613. National Portrait Gallery, London. Web. 27 March 2015. © National Portrait Gallery, London http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw41580/Elizabeth- Fry?LinkID=mp01694&search=sas&sText=elizabeth+fry&role=sit&rNo=2 Fig.4.5: Helen (Priestman) Bright Clark. Circa 1860-1880. 7.1 cm x 4.8 cm. 81.148. Massachusettes Historical Society, USA. Web. 27 March 2015. http://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?old=1&item_id=1033 Fig. 4.6: The Friend, 1st November 1875. Archive of the Religious Society of Friends, London. Personal photograph by the author. 13th March 2015 Fig. 4.7: WSPU Procession. Artists from the Suffrage Atelier league can be seen holding banners, palettes and ribbons. 23rd July 1910. 009023. © Museum of London Photographic collection, London. Web. 27 March 2015. http://www.museumoflondonprints.com/image/681634/unknown-wspu- procession-23-july-1910 Fig. 4.8: Bonnet, produced in France. c. 1875. Straw, silk, wood, metal. 2009.300.4608 a, b. Brooklyn Museum Costume Collection at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of the Brooklyn Museum, New York, USA. Web. 27 March 2015. Hannah Rumball Dress History, Quakerism and Material Culture Page 8 http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection- online/search/168801 Fig. 4.9: Mourning Ensemble. c. 1870-1872. Silk. Length at CB (a): 18 1/2 in. (47 cm) Length at CB (b): 56 in. (142.2 cm) Other (c): 32 in. (81.3 cm). 2009.300.633a–c. Brooklyn Museum Costume Collection at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA. Web. 27 March 2015. http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection- online/search/159185 Chapter 5 Fashionable Dress compared to Quaker Dress 1860-1914 Fig. 5.1: Fashionable dress dyed using magenta aniline dye which was particularly popular during the decade, also featuring a skirt supported by a crinoline.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pants in Old Testament
    Pants In Old Testament Freehold and spiroid Kristos often warrant some slowpokes pungently or vitrified mendaciously. Boric and nitrogenous Saunderson fumbled, but Cyrille slap-bang demonising her publican. Bouffant Spiro goose spicily. Can to jezreel, the conclusions of god to pay their pants in pants old testament that he dies to him So the reasoning against not general to resolve the OT laws is inconsistent There are lots of verses in the Bible that determined that the name Testament. Men's clothing in biblical times Ancient israelites Bible. So Why shouldn't I had pants Truth my Home. Of my whole church member wearing shorts even with compression pants underneath. This bounty is the first suffer a series called What I severe The Bible Says About them exist if people all follow Jesus and want so know. The tournament it people sometimes said that women per not wear trousers is straw we. Biblical clothing HiSoUR Hi sometimes You Are. What did Jesus wear The Conversation. 10 Common Myths About the Headcovering Biblical. Poll was a year wear then without disobeying the bible. If glove wearing suits trousers not covering their heads are sins in. Scriptures Prohibiting the contrary of council by Women. When black women start with pants Britannica. There is a passage in making Old Testament give some unique to address the matter of women in pants or jeans A feat must not mostly men's. Clothing as big picture quality one's floor before God face the Old rite In Genesis 31-13 we happy that Adam and Eve was aware of their nakedness after.
    [Show full text]
  • Double-Reading Vita Sackville-West's the Edwardians Through Freud and Foucault
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2011 Repression/Incitement: Double-Reading Vita Sackville-West's The Edwardians Through Freud and Foucault Aimee Elizabeth Coley University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Coley, Aimee Elizabeth, "Repression/Incitement: Double-Reading Vita Sackville-West's The Edwardians Through Freud and Foucault" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3044 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Repression/Incitement: Double-reading Vita Sackville-West‟s The Edwardians through Freud and Foucault by Aimee Coley A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Elizabeth Hirsh, Ph.D. Tova Cooper, Ph.D. Susan Mooney, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 21, 2011 Keywords: discourse, power, psychoanalysis, subjectivity, unconscious Copyright © 2011, Aimee Coley i Table of Contents Abstract ii Preface: Psychoanalysis and The Edwardians 1 Part One: Repression: Reading The Edwardians through Freud 7 Part Two: Incitement: Reading The Edwardians through Foucault 22 Afterword: Freud with Foucault 33 Definitions 34 Functions 35 Rapprochement 36 Bibliography 39 ii Abstract Vita Sackville-West‟s autobiographical novel The Edwardians lends itself to a double reading: both Freudian and Foucauldian.
    [Show full text]
  • When Faith Takes Flight
    When Faith Takes Flight Lessons from 30,000 feet JIM WALTERS God Is Real and Can Be Trusted What Others Are Saying About When Faith Takes Flight “I first met Jim Walters in 1992. It was obvious that God’s Word placed in an Air Force chapel in Thailand had a dramatic effect on his life. Jim has God’s call in his life to proclaim God’s love and His goodness through his preaching and his writings. When Faith Takes Flight contains the everyday, common principles that any believer can clearly understand and easily apply in our oftentimes tumultuous world. It is a most practical guide.” —Jerry Burden, Executive Director, The Gideons International “You don’t have to be a pilot to soar with this book. Jim Walters’ vast flying experience has given him wonderful insight that will help you navigate through the clouds of life. When Faith Takes Flight will guide you to a gentle and safe landing in your spiritual journey. This book contains life-saving instructions for your personal safety!” —Jack Pelon, General Manager, KPOF Radio, Denver, Colorado “For over 30 years I have thought Jim Walters was one of the best preachers I know. After reading this book, I can now say he is one of the best writers I know. This book is brilliant! It is comprehensive yet simple. It takes the metaphor of an airplane and uses it to help us understand our relationship with Christ. As a believer, you will enjoy reading this and then find ways to share it with nonbelievers.” —Chris Liebrum, Baptist General Convention of Texas, Dallas, Texas 1 When Faith Takes Flight “Jim Walters stands in the pulpit of Bear Valley Church, takes the “spiritual stick” of people’s lives and guides them through God’s Word with as much reverence for Truth as for the laws of gravity.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace Identification
    Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace DATS in partnership with the V&A DATS DRESS AND TEXTILE SPECIALISTS 1 Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace Text copyright © Jeremy Farrell, 2007 Image copyrights as specified in each section. This information pack has been produced to accompany a one-day workshop of the same name held at The Museum of Costume and Textiles, Nottingham on 21st February 2008. The workshop is one of three produced in collaboration between DATS and the V&A, funded by the Renaissance Subject Specialist Network Implementation Grant Programme, administered by the MLA. The purpose of the workshops is to enable participants to improve the documentation and interpretation of collections and make them accessible to the widest audiences. Participants will have the chance to study objects at first hand to help increase their confidence in identifying textile materials and techniques. This information pack is intended as a means of sharing the knowledge communicated in the workshops with colleagues and the public. Other workshops / information packs in the series: Identifying Textile Types and Weaves 1750 -1950 Identifying Printed Textiles in Dress 1740-1890 Front cover image: Detail of a triangular shawl of white cotton Pusher lace made by William Vickers of Nottingham, 1870. The Pusher machine cannot put in the outline which has to be put in by hand or by embroidering machine. The outline here was put in by hand by a woman in Youlgreave, Derbyshire. (NCM 1912-13 © Nottingham City Museums) 2 Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace Contents Page 1. List of illustrations 1 2. Introduction 3 3. The main types of hand and machine lace 5 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Symbols and Religious Garb in the Courtroom: Personal Values and Public Judgments
    Fordham Law Review Volume 66 Issue 4 Article 35 1998 Religious Symbols and Religious Garb in the Courtroom: Personal Values and Public Judgments Samuel J. Levine Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Samuel J. Levine, Religious Symbols and Religious Garb in the Courtroom: Personal Values and Public Judgments, 66 Fordham L. Rev. 1505 (1998). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol66/iss4/35 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religious Symbols and Religious Garb in the Courtroom: Personal Values and Public Judgments Cover Page Footnote Assistant Legal Writing Professor & Lecturer in Jewish Law, St. John's University School of Law; B.A. 1990, Yeshiva University; J.D. 1994, Fordham University; Ordination 1996, Yeshiva University; LL.M. 1996, Columbia University. This article is available in Fordham Law Review: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol66/iss4/35 RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS AND RELIGIOUS GARB IN THE COURTROOM: PERSONAL VALUES AND PUBLIC JUDGMENTS Samuel J. Levine* INTRODUCTION A S a nation that values and guarantees religious freedom, the fUnited States is often faced with questions regarding the public display of religious symbols. Such questions have arisen in a number of Supreme Court cases, involving both Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Wigs and Islamic Sportswear: Negotiating Regulations of Religion and Fashion Emma Tarlo Goldsmiths, University of London
    1 Jewish wigs and Islamic sportswear: Negotiating regulations of religion and fashion Emma Tarlo Goldsmiths, University of London Abstract This article explores the dynamics of freedom and conformity in religious dress prescriptions and fashion, arguing that although fashion is popularly perceived as liberating and religion as constraining when it comes to dress, in reality both demand conformity to normative expectations while allowing some freedom of interpretation. The article goes on to trace the emergence of new forms of fashionable religious dress such as the human-hair wigs worn by some orthodox Jewish women and the new forms of Islamic sportswear adopted by some Muslim women. It shows how these fashions have emerged through the efforts of religiously observant women to subscribe simultaneously to the expectations of fashion and religious prescription, which are seen to operate in a relationship of creative friction. In doing so, they invent new ways of dressing that push the boundaries of religious and fashion norms even as they seek to conform to them. Keywords Jewish wigs Islamic sportswear fashion religion burqini sheitel This article explores the dynamics of the relationship between religious clothing regulation and fashion by tracking the evolution of new sartorial inventions that have emerged through religious women’s dual concerns with fashion and faith. It proposes that although religious regulations relating to dress play an obvious role in limiting sartorial possibilities, they also provide a stimulus for creative responses that result in stylistic innovation. Viewed in this light, new forms of fashionable religious dress should be seen not so much as attempts to dilute or circumvent religious prescriptions and regulations, but rather as aspiring to obey the rules of fashion and the rules of religion simultaneously.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles A. Whitaker Auction Co. October 29-30 Session Two Lot 549-1244
    Charles A. Whitaker Auction Co. October 29-30 Session Two Lot 549-1244 549 FRENCH CHINOISERIE BROCADE SILK, c. 1740-1750. Four small panels including one pieced, having ivory pattern on raspberry ground. Three pieces 24 wide x 15 1/2, 26 and 31. One 28 1/2 x 17. Holes and tears, fair. $57.50 550 LOT of SILK TEXILES, 18th C. Consisting of a red velvet panel, cushion cover and valance, the valance having shield-form tabs (applique and tassels removed), and a panel with narrow stripes in cream, dusty rose, yellow and green on a tiny checked weave. Fair. $34.50 551 THREE PRINTED COTTON PANELS, 19th C. One striped in teal with small white leaves and white with red and tan botehs, probably Persian. One English floral print. Both excellent. One large pieced panel with pomegranate trees, probably Indian, (oxidizing browns, mends and tears) poor. $103.50 552 BEADED NEEDLEWORK VICTORIAN BELL PULL. Wool flowers with beaded foliage on a ground of crystal beads having a Bohemian glass finial. (Glass cracked, backing shattered, minor bead loss) needlework intact, fair. $230.00 553 LOT of ASSORTED SMALL BEAD and NEEDLEWORK, 18th-19th C. Including two 18th C. petit point rectangles of figures in landscapes, three rectangles of needlework birds, a silk satin embroidered bag having gilt metal doves and chenille bell tassels, two framed 18th C embroideries: one eagle in tree, one basket of fruit. Good-excellent. $345.00 554 TWO PIECED SILK TEXTILES with FLORAL BROCADE, 18th C. Dusty pink damask bedcover with a serpentine floral in pastel hues, backed in blue silk, (some splits, mostly at seams).
    [Show full text]
  • Sew Any Fabric Provides Practical, Clear Information for Novices and Inspiration for More Experienced Sewers Who Are Looking for New Ideas and Techniques
    SAFBCOV.qxd 10/23/03 3:34 PM Page 1 S Fabric Basics at Your Fingertips EW A ave you ever wished you could call an expert and ask for a five-minute explanation on the particulars of a fabric you are sewing? Claire Shaeffer provides this key information for 88 of today’s most NY SEW ANY popular fabrics. In this handy, easy-to-follow reference, she guides you through all the basics while providing hints, tips, and suggestions based on her 20-plus years as a college instructor, pattern F designer, and author. ABRIC H In each concise chapter, Claire shares fabric facts, design ideas, workroom secrets, and her sewing checklist, as well as her sewability classification to advise you on the difficulty of sewing each ABRIC fabric. Color photographs offer further ideas. The succeeding sections offer sewing techniques and ForewordForeword byby advice on needles, threads, stabilizers, and interfacings. Claire’s unique fabric/fiber dictionary cross- NancyNancy ZiemanZieman references over 600 additional fabrics. An invaluable reference for anyone who F sews, Sew Any Fabric provides practical, clear information for novices and inspiration for more experienced sewers who are looking for new ideas and techniques. About the Author Shaeffer Claire Shaeffer is a well-known and well- respected designer, teacher, and author of 15 books, including Claire Shaeffer’s Fabric Sewing Guide. She has traveled the world over sharing her sewing secrets with novice, experienced, and professional sewers alike. Claire was recently awarded the prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award by the Professional Association of Custom Clothiers (PACC). Claire and her husband reside in Palm Springs, California.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumption Patterns and Outward Expression of Quakers As Seen Through Historical Documentation and 18Th Century York County, Virginia Probate Inventories
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2002 For Profit and unction:F Consumption Patterns and Outward Expression of Quakers as Seen through Historical Documentation and 18th Century York County, Virginia Probate Inventories Darby O'Donnell College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation O'Donnell, Darby, "For Profit and unction:F Consumption Patterns and Outward Expression of Quakers as Seen through Historical Documentation and 18th Century York County, Virginia Probate Inventories" (2002). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626355. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-mznr-rn68 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOR PROFIT AND FUNCTION: CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND OUTWARD EXPRESSION OF QUAKERS AS SEEN THROUGH HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION AND 18 th CENTURY YORK COUNTY, VIRGINIA PROBATE INVENTORIES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Darby O’Donnell 2002 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Darby Q Donnell Approved, March 2002 Norman F.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene
    Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene Ellen G. White 1890 Copyright © 2018 Ellen G. White Estate, Inc. Information about this Book Overview This eBook is provided by the Ellen G. White Estate. It is included in the larger free Online Books collection on the Ellen G. White Estate Web site. About the Author Ellen G. White (1827-1915) is considered the most widely translated American author, her works having been published in more than 160 languages. She wrote more than 100,000 pages on a wide variety of spiritual and practical topics. Guided by the Holy Spirit, she exalted Jesus and pointed to the Scriptures as the basis of one’s faith. Further Links A Brief Biography of Ellen G. White About the Ellen G. White Estate End User License Agreement The viewing, printing or downloading of this book grants you only a limited, nonexclusive and nontransferable license for use solely by you for your own personal use. This license does not permit republication, distribution, assignment, sublicense, sale, preparation of derivative works, or other use. Any unauthorized use of this book terminates the license granted hereby. (See EGW Writings End User License Agreement.) Further Information For more information about the author, publishers, or how you can support this service, please contact the Ellen G. White Estate i at [email protected]. We are thankful for your interest and feedback and wish you God’s blessing as you read. ii iii Preface Nearly thirty years ago there appeared in print the first of a series of remarkable and important articles on the subject of health, by Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • From Plainness to Simplicity: Changing Quaker Ideals for Material Culture J
    Chapter 2 From Plainness to Simplicity: Changing Quaker Ideals for Material Culture J. William Frost Quakers or the Religious Society of Friends began in the 1650s as a response to a particular kind of direct or unmediated religious experience they described metaphorically as the discovery of the Inward Christ, Seed, or Light of God. This event over time would shape not only how Friends wor­ shipped and lived but also their responses to the peoples and culture around them. God had, they asserted, again intervened in history to bring salvation to those willing to surrender to divine guidance. The early history of Quak­ ers was an attempt by those who shared in this encounter with God to spread the news that this experience was available to everyone. In their enthusiasm for this transforming experience that liberated one from sin and brought sal­ vation, the first Friends assumed that they had rediscovered true Christianity and that their kind of religious awakening was the only way to God. With the certainty that comes from firsthand knowledge, they judged those who op­ posed them as denying the power of God within and surrendering to sin. Be­ fore 1660 their successes in converting a significant minority of other English men and women challenged them to design institutions to facilitate the ap­ proved kind of direct religious experience while protecting against moral laxity. The earliest writings of Friends were not concerned with outward ap­ pearance, except insofar as all conduct manifested whether or not the person had hearkened to the Inward Light of Christ. The effect of the Light de­ pended on the previous life of the person, but in general converts saw the Light as a purging as in a refiner’s fire (the metaphor was biblical) previous sinful attitudes and actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Download
    Maud, Emma, Evangeline America’s Love Affairs With the 3 Booth Women R.G. Moyles 2014 Frontier Press All rights reserved. Except for fair dealing permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. Moyles, R.G. Maud, Emma, Evangeline America’s Love Affairs With the 3 Booth Women July 2014 Copyright © The Salvation Army USA Western Territory ISBN 978-0-9768465-9-8 Printed in the United States Table of Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 3 Maud Ballington Booth 7 Emma Booth-Tucker 42 Evangeline Cory Booth 67 Afterword 117 Booth Women / 1 FOREWORD By Major Kevin E. Jackson The history of The Salvation Army is incredibly rich. Those who spend time researching and writing it are keenly aware of this truth. Those who choose to read books, articles and thoughtful studies on The Salvation Army’s past come to understand the depth and importance of the subject. The history of this organization maintains a uniqueness that separates this movement from oth- er religious organizations, churches and nonprofits. We are similar in some respects, but our uniqueness is what tells the story that most readers of our past want to know and profit from. Just prior to the release of Maud, Emma, Evangeline: America’s Love Affair with the 3 Booth Women, I spent several hours interviewing Dr. R. Gordon Moyles for a promotional video about the book. I was taken by Moyles’ pas- sion for the subject of his latest work, and his lifelong study of The Salvation Army.
    [Show full text]