2018 Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition Hybrid-Electric
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2017 – 2018 Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition Hybrid-Electric General Aviation Aircraft (HEGAA) Presented by Federal University of Uberlândia Department of Aerospace Engineering Minas Gerais, Brazil 2017 – 2018 Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition Hybrid-Electric General Aviation Aircraft (HEGAA) Presented by Federal University of Uberlândia Department of Aerospace Engineering Minas Gerais, Brazil Team Members AIAA Numbers Signatures Alexandre Acerra Gil 922668 Eduardo Pavoni Gamba 922678 Gabriel Araújo Hernández 922675 Guilherme Miquelim Caires 922581 Higor Luis Silva 922459 João Paulo Vieira 922563 Kimberlly Costa Carvalho 922564 Luiz Gustavo Santiago 922576 Pedro Brito 922566 Roberto Martins de Castro Neto 922571 Advisor: Dr. Thiago A. M. Guimarães - 498079 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Design Requirements and Proposals .................................................................................................................... 7 3. Market Research ................................................................................................................................................... 9 4. Conceptual Design .............................................................................................................................................. 10 4.1. Initial Design Estimate .................................................................................................................................. 11 4.2. Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Design .................................................................................................................... 17 4.3. Design Assumptions ..................................................................................................................................... 19 4.3.1. Typical Aircraft Mission Profile .............................................................................................................. 20 4.3.2. Battery Design ......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) .......................................................................................................... 22 4.4. Genetic Algorithm Implementation .............................................................................................................. 23 4.5. Aircraft of Comparable Role and Configuration ........................................................................................... 30 5. Aerodynamic Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 32 5.1. Conceptual Aerodynamic Design ................................................................................................................. 32 5.1.1. Wing Planform ........................................................................................................................................ 32 5.1.2. Airfoil Section ...................................................................................................................................... 34 5.1.3. Optimization of the Wing Planform ..................................................................................................... 36 5.2. High Lift Devices .......................................................................................................................................... 37 5.3. Fuselage ........................................................................................................................................................ 37 5.4. CFD Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 38 5.4.1. CFD Optimization ................................................................................................................................... 38 5.5. Interference Drag – Wing Fuselage .............................................................................................................. 39 5.6. Winglets ........................................................................................................................................................ 40 5.7. Final Drag Polar ............................................................................................................................................ 41 6. Performance Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 42 3 6.1. Take-off analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 42 6.2. Aircraft climb ................................................................................................................................................ 43 6.3. Cruise condition ............................................................................................................................................ 45 6.4. Landing ......................................................................................................................................................... 48 6.5. Payload-Range Diagram ............................................................................................................................... 48 6.6. Emergency situation ...................................................................................................................................... 49 7. Structural Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 50 7.1. Structural Wing Design ................................................................................................................................. 56 7.2. Structural Empennage Design ....................................................................................................................... 61 7.2.1. Structural Horizontal Tail Design ............................................................................................................ 62 7.2.2. Structural Vertical Tail Design ............................................................................................................. 64 7.5. Final Material Composition .......................................................................................................................... 69 8. Aeroelastic Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 69 9. Modal Analysis of the Aircraft ........................................................................................................................... 73 10. Stability Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 73 10.1. Longitudinal Static Stability ......................................................................................................................... 73 10.2. Lateral-Directional Static Stability ............................................................................................................... 75 10.3. Longitudinal Dynamic Stability .................................................................................................................... 76 10.4. Lateral-Directional Dynamic Stability .......................................................................................................... 77 11. Center of Gravity ................................................................................................................................................ 78 12. Subsystem Selections ......................................................................................................................................... 80 12.1. Electric .......................................................................................................................................................... 80 12.2. Hydraulic ...................................................................................................................................................... 80 12.3. Fuel ............................................................................................................................................................... 81 12.4. Control .......................................................................................................................................................... 82 13. Landing Gear ...................................................................................................................................................... 84 13.1. Main landing gear ......................................................................................................................................... 84 13.2. Nose landing gear ......................................................................................................................................... 85 4 14. Interior Design .................................................................................................................................................... 85 14.1. Thermal &