DOCSLIB.ORG

Meiotic Studies in Poa Annua L. from Different Altitudinal Ranges of North India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meiotic Studies in Poa Annua L. from Different Altitudinal Ranges of North India © 2010 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 75(3): 313–318, 2010 Meiotic Studies in Poa annua L. from Different Altitudinal Ranges of North India Harpreet Kaur*, Akshita Gupta, Santosh Kumari and Raghbir Chand Gupta Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India Received May 26, 2010; accepted July 28, 2010 Summary Poa annua L. (family Poaceae) is a cosmopolitan, cytologically variable and apomictic species. At present, cytomorphological studies have been carried out for North-Indian materials on 29 populations from Haryana (North Indian plains), Shiwalik hills and Kangra (H.P.) covering different altitudinal ranges (216–1489 m) of relatively unexplored areas. All the 29 populations are found to be tetraploid with nϭ14. Morphologically, plants of all the populations looked similar without any significant variation but cytologically speaking, among these, 24 populations show normal meiotic course whereas 4 populations show abnormal meiosis in the form of bridges, laggards, etc. The phenomenon of cytomixis has also been studied in 1 population. The variable number of B-chromosomes (1–3B) has been reported in some of the populations. Key words Altitudinal change, B-chromosomes, Kangra (H.P.), Haryana, Meiotic abnormalities, Shiwalik hills. The genus Poa L. includes 300 species on the world-wide basis embracing 45 species from India (Santapau and Henry 1973). Poa annua, belonging to the tribe Festuceae of family Poaceae, occurs in most of the natural habitats as well as in cultivated fields. The cosmopolitan distribution is attributed to various types of reproductive systems from outbreeding to inbreeding to apomictic nature (Ellis 1973, Johnson et al. 1993), habit from annual to biennial to perennial (Grime 1979, Warwick 1979, Lush 1989) and high colonizing ability (Frenot et al. 1997). Though the species is listed as fodder plant (Farooq et al. 2009), lawn grass (Warwick and Briggs 1978) and as an important food plant for the caterpillars of many species of butterfly (Carter 1982), it grows mainly as a crop weed (Frenot et al. 1999). Material and methods Materials for the meiotic studies were collected from 29 populations growing at various places from Haryana, Shiwalik hills and Kangra (Table 1). Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala (PUN). Meiotic studies were carried out through standard smearing technique from young panicles fixed in Carnoy’s fixative. For the analysis of meiotic abnormalities, large numbers of PMCs were counted for each type of anomaly. Pollen fertility was estimated through glyceroacetocarmine stainability. Well-filled pollen grains with stained nuclei were taken as apparently viable/fertile while shrivelled and unstained pollen grains were counted as sterile. Pollen grain size was measured using occulomicrometre. Photomicrographs of chromosome counts were made from freshly prepared slides using Nikon 80i eclipse Digital Imaging System. * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Table 1. Information about Herbarium Accession number, locality with altitude, meiotic details, occurance of B-chromosomes and pollen details in different populations of 314 Poa annua collected from selected areas of North India PMCs showing PMCs with PMCs with Pollen grains Population Locality with altitude Bridges at Laggards at Hypo- and (Acc. No.) (m) A-I, T-I, A-I, T-I, Cytomixis Hyperploid B-Chromosomes (%) Fertility Size A-II, T-II A-II, T-II (%) PMCs 1B 2B 3B (%) (mm) (%) (%) (%) District Kangra (H.P.), higher Western Himalaya P-1(52584) Dharamsala (1345) — 23.97 —— 0.96 13.46 — 70.50 28.30ϫ26.88 (171) (104) (104) P-2 (52585) Tal-mata (1103) —— —— ——— 95.20 30.19ϫ26.39 P-3 (52592) Rehlu (850) 20.40 — —— 4.2 10.6 — 75.84 29.66ϫ27.66 (98) (47) (47) P-4 (52586) Bandla (1266) 22.34 — — — 18.10 14.6 10.34 68.80 25.54ϫ24.75 (94) (116) (116) (116) H. Kaur P-5 (52588) Chhota Bhangal (1489) —— —— 6.00 3.02 3.00 74.20 29.68ϫ21.63 (100) (100) (100) ϫ P-6 (52587) Bhagsunaag (1456) —— —— ——— 96.50 27.25 26.28 et al. P-7 (52583) Bada Gran (1480) —— 21.30 3.00 ——— 90.80 29.54ϫ28.68 (187) Haryana, North Indian plains P-8 (50168) Mullana, Ambala (272) —— —— ——— 99.90 16.90ϫ15.00 P-9 (50169) Indri, Karnal (252) —— —— ——— 92.70 16.90ϫ15.00 P-10 (50171) Guhla, Kaithal (219) —— —— ——— 85.20 19.80ϫ18.80 P-11 (50173) CCS Univ., Hissar (216) —— —— ——— 98.00 17.80ϫ16.90 P-12 (50174) Mirpur, Rewari (242) —— —— ——— 95.45 16.90ϫ16.90 P-13 (50175) KUK, Kurukshetra (350) —— —— ——— 92.60 17.80ϫ17.80 P-14 (50176) Jyotisar, Kurukshetra (350) — — —— ——— 88.90 16.90ϫ16.90 P-15 (50177) Agroha, Hissar (216) —— —— ——— 99.98 16.90ϫ15.00 P-16 (50178) Gharaunda, Karnal (252) —— —— ——— 93.40 17.90ϫ16.90 P-17 (50179) Narnaul, Mahendragarh (261) — — —— ——— 82.66 17.80ϫ16.90 P-18 (50180) Sanauli, Panipat (218) —— —— ——— 96.10 16.90ϫ15.00 P-19 (50181) Devsar, Bhiwani (224) —— —— ——— 95.70 16.90ϫ16.90 75(3) Cytologia P-20 (50182) Radaur, Yamunanagar (255) — — —— ——— 99.98 17.80ϫ16.90 P-21 (50184) Kala amb, Ambala (272) —— —— ——— 99.90 19.60ϫ17.80 P-22 (50186) Mohri, Ambala (272) —— —— ——— 85.70 17.80ϫ16.90 Table 1. (Continued) 2010 PMCs showing PMCs with PMCs with Pollen grains Population Locality with altitude Bridges at Laggards at Hypo- and (Acc. No.) (m) A-I, T-I, A-I, T-I, Cytomixis Hyperploid B-Chromosomes (%) Fertility Size A-II, T-II A-II, T-II (%) PMCs 1B 2B 3B (%) (mm) (%) (%) (%) Shiwalik hills, lower western Himlaya P-23 (50165) Dharampur, Solan (1250) —— —— ——— 87.60 16.90ϫ16.90 P-24 (50166) Jabli, Shiwaliks (900) —— —— ——— 99.60 17.80ϫ16.90 P-25 (50167) Kalka, Shiwaliks (624) —— —— ——— 92.90 17.80ϫ17.80 meioticstudiesin Population-based P-26 (50170) Chambaghat, Solan (1350) — — —— 2.8 6.4 — 83.90 17.80ϫ15.00 (60) (60) P-27 (50172) Barog, Solan (1250) —— —— ——— 91.70 17.80ϫ16.90 P-28 (50183) Trilokpur, Shiwaliks (932) — — —— ——— 99.20 17.80ϫ17.80 P-29 (50185) Nahan, Sirmaur (932) — — —— ——— 96.20 17.80ϫ17.80 The figures in the perenthesis indicate the number of PMCs observed. Poa annua Poa Table 2. Chiasma frequency recorded in PMCs at Diakinesis stage in populations collected from higher altudinal areas of district Kangra (H.P.) in Poa annua Total number of Number of PMCs with Number of chiasmata Population Course of PMCs observed meiosis at Diakinesis 26xta 27xta 28xta 29xta Total per PMC per bivalent P-1 abnormal 28 8 6 12 2 764 27.2 1.94 P-2 normal 20 5 3 11 1 548 27.4 1.95 P-3 abnormal 35 4 20 8 3 955 27.28 1.94 P-4 abnormal 32 18 8 6 — 852 25.62 1.90 P-5 normal 42 14 10 11 7 1145 27.26 1.94 P-6 normal 40 12 8 15 5 1093 27.32 1.95 P-7 abnormal 28 12 7 6 3 756 27.0 1.92 315 316 H. Kaur et al. Cytologia 75(3) Fig. 1–11. PMCs showing nϭ14: 1) PMC at Diakinesis. 2) PMC at Anaphase-I. 3) PMC at Diakinesis Showing bivalent with 3 chiasmata. 4) PMC at Metaphase-I showing 2B chromosomes. 5) PMC at Metaphase-I showing 3B chromosomes. 6) PMC and Metaphase-II with lagging chromosomes. 7) PMC at Anaphase-I showing multiple bridges. 8) PMC at Metaphase-I showing unoriented bivalent. 9) PMC at Metaphase-I showing cytomixis with transfer of chromatin. 10) Heterogenous sized pollen grains. 11) Fertile and sterile pollen grains. Scaleϭ10 mm. Results and discussion Populations from different altitudinal ranges do not show any significant differences in morphological features. However, much morphological diversity which leads to many infraspecific categories has been reported in species from different countries (Web 1). Keeping in view the 2010 Population-based meiotic studies in Poa annua 317 existence of cytomorphological diversity, the present study has been undertaken to evaluate the genetic diversity from less explored areas of North India. Detailed meiotic analysis made on all the populations revealed the same chromosome number nϭ14 with normal bivalent formation during M-I (Fig. 1) and mostly equal distribution (14 : 14) during A-I (Fig. 2) and thus, all the populations are at tetraploid level. However, the species in India, is already known to have 2nϭ14 (Mehra and Sunder 1969) from North India, 2nϭ28 from South India (Christopher and Abraham 1971) and from Central and Eastern Himalaya (Mehra and Sharma 1975, 1977), 2nϭ52 from Western Himalaya (Mehra and Remanandan 1973) whereas from outside India, a few more cytotypes (2nϭ14, 21, 24–26, 28, 42, 52) have been reported. Thus, the species has well developed intraspecific polyploid races on xϭ7, besides some aneuploid cytotypes at polyploid level. The high intraspecific morphological diversity in the species might be due to the presence of these cytological races which can originate easily and survive in nature due to the facultative apomictic nature of the taxa (Johnson et al. 1993). Out of the 14 bivalents, 2 are quite large and can accommodate up to 3 chiasmata (Fig. 3), whereas the remaining ones are small to medium-sized with mostly 2 chiasmata and 1–2 having single chiasma. There is no significant difference in the chiasma frequency in the different populations (Table 2). Koshy (1968), on the basis of karyotypic study, reported the presence of pairs of large sized chromosomes, one small-sized and the remaining ones as the medium-sized chromosomes in the species. Among these, 5 populations are found to have a variable number (1–3B) of B-chromosomes (Figs. 4, 5). Similarly, 0–1B chromosome per PMC has been reported by Mehra and Kohli (1966) from North-East India and Mehra et al. (1968) from North India.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION and ENVIRONMENTS on HEARD ISLAND by D.M
    Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 133(2), 2000 33 TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENTS ON HEARD ISLAND by D.M. Bergstrom and P.M. Selkirk (with three tables, one text-figure, one plate and an appendix) BERGSTROM, D.M. & SELKIRK, P.M., 2000 (30:vi): Terrestrial vegetation and environments on Heard Island. In Banks, M.R. & Brown, M.J. (Eds): HEARD ISLAND PAPERS. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 133(2): 33-46. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.133.2.33 ISSN 0080-4703. Department ofBotany, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072 (DMB); and Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2019 (PMS). Significantly ice-covered and with a very small flora (11 vascular species and about 60 bryophyte taxa), Heard Island is still emerging from the effects of the last glacial maximum. This study presents the results of a general vegetation survey. A baseline framework of environmental conditions that affect vegetation on the island is described and a classification (TWINS PAN) analysis based on presence/ absence data of both vascular plant species and bryophyte taxa is provided. Distinct suites of taxa were identified on the island, some containing bryophytes only. Fifreen ecological groups were delineated. A discussion of ecological amplitude ofimportant bryophyte and vascular plant taxa on Heard Island is included. Key Words: Subantarctic, tundra, vegetation, bryophytes, cushion plants, Heard Island. INTRODUCTION during the Tertiary and included a variety of ferns and a podocarp (Quilty et al. 1983). Subantarctic Heard Island (53°06'S, 73°32'E) is approxi­ There have been few studies of terrestrial plant ecology mately 4850 km southeast of southern Africa, 4350 km on Heard Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic
    Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and characterization of two new [i]Luteovirus[/i] species Laurence Svanella-Dumas, Thierry Candresse, Maurice Hullé, Armelle Marais-Colombel To cite this version: Laurence Svanella-Dumas, Thierry Candresse, Maurice Hullé, Armelle Marais-Colombel. Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and characterization of two new [i]Luteovirus[/i] species. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2013, 8 (6), pp.e67231. 10.1371/journal.pone.0067231. hal-01208609 HAL Id: hal-01208609 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208609 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub- Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and Characterization of Two New Luteovirus Species Laurence Svanella-Dumas1,2, Thierry Candresse1,2, Maurice Hulle´ 3, Armelle Marais1,2* 1 INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032 Villenave d9Ornon, France, 2 Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032 Villenave d9Ornon, France, 3 Institut de Ge´ne´tique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Agrocampus Rennes, UMR INRA 1349, BP 35327, Le Rheu, France Abstract A systematic search for viral infection was performed in the isolated Kerguelen Islands, using a range of polyvalent genus- specific PCR assays.
    [Show full text]
  • ITEX Discoveries
    Plant Response to Climate Change: Integration of ITEX Discoveries Proceedings from the 9th ITEX Meeting AEL REPORT 1 ARCTIC ECOLOGY LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY & PLANT PATHOLOGY MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY EAST LANSING, MI 48824 Plant Response to Climate Change: Integration of ITEX Discoveries Proceedings from the 9th ITEX Meeting Compiled and edited by Robert D. Hollister Suggested Citation: Hollister, R.D. (editor). 1999. Plant Response to Climate Change: Integration of ITEX Discoveries. Proceedings from the 9th ITEX Meeting January 5-9, 1999. Arctic Ecology Laboratory Report 1, Michigan State University. East Lansing, MI. 117 p. This Report is available from: The Arctic Ecology Laboratory Department of Botany & Plant Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Telephone: 517 432-2399 i Foreword This compilation from the 1999 meeting of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) held at Michigan State University (MSU) demonstrates the considerable progress made since the 1990 founding meeting of ITEX which was also held at MSU. In the intervening nine years ITEX has become an established and well-known project. It has been used as a model for related endeavors. This document is intended to serve as an update on ITEX activities and an encouragement for continued integration and cooperation in the study of tundra plant response, and the linked feedback of this response, to climate change. The ITEX Steering Committee and I wish to thank Bob Hollister for his unflagging efforts as Conference Coordinator and compiler and editor of this report. The meeting was made possible with funding from the United States National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (grant number OPP 9714103).
    [Show full text]
  • Package 'Binomen'
    Package ‘binomen’ August 29, 2016 Title 'Taxonomic' Specification and Parsing Methods Description Includes functions for working with taxonomic data, including functions for combining, separating, and filtering taxonomic groups by any rank or name. Allows standard (SE) and non-standard evaluation (NSE). Version 0.1.0 License MIT + file LICENSE URL https://github.com/ropensci/binomen BugReports https://github.com/ropensci/binomen/issues LazyLoad yes LazyData yes VignetteBuilder knitr Imports methods, stats, jsonlite, lazyeval, dplyr Suggests testthat, knitr, taxize RoxygenNote 5.0.1 NeedsCompilation no Author Scott Chamberlain [aut, cre] Maintainer Scott Chamberlain <[email protected]> Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2015-12-07 22:17:54 R topics documented: binomen-package . .2 binomial . .3 gethier . .3 grouping . .4 make_taxon . .6 make_taxon_fromclass . .7 parts . .7 1 2 binomen-package pick .............................................9 pop ............................................. 10 rank_table . 11 scatter . 11 span............................................. 12 strain . 13 taxa ............................................. 14 taxon . 14 taxonref . 15 taxonrefs . 16 taxon_classes . 16 taxon_df . 17 Index 18 binomen-package Taxonomic class specification and parsing methods Description Taxonomic class specification and parsing methods Author(s) Scott Chamberlain <[email protected]> Examples library("binomen") # operating on `taxon` objects out <- make_taxon(genus="Poa", epithet="annua", authority="L.", family='Poaceae',
    [Show full text]
  • ORIGIN, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL MIGRATIONS and DIVERSIFICATIONS of TURFGRASSES James B Beard1
    Research Report | SR132 ORIGIN, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL MIGRATIONS AND DIVERSIFICATIONS OF TURFGRASSES James B Beard1 Executive Summary Whether a turfgrass species is characterized as Primitive ancestral grasses are now proposed native or naturalized to North America has been to have appeared during the Late Cretaceous based on world-wide simplistic observations between 65 and 96 mya (million years ago) in focused on where the greatest genetic diversity Gondwanan Africa. The ancestral Pooideae are occurred, termed center-of-origin. Research infor- estimated to have migrated to the steppes of mation as to dating and locations of subsequent Laurasian Eurasia during the Eocene ~ 38 to migration and diversification has been minimal 47 mya. Taxonomic divergence of the base C3 due to a lack of needed research technologies. Pooideae group appears to have been initiated in Intercontinental migration of grasses has been Europe ~ 26 to 33.5 mya. The base C4 Pooideae assumed to have been unlikely due to oceanic apparently arose in Africa ~ 30 to 33 mya, followed separation. Recent development of paleobotanical by migration to West Gondwana South America studies using ultrastructural electron microscopic and to East Gondwana India and Australia. techniques and stable carbon isotope dating instrumentation and research procedures, plus Diversification led to the emergence of an ancient molecular phylogenetic research and cladistic Poeae group known as the fine-leaf fescues biogeographic analysis of large data sets are (Festuca) in central-Europe during the mid- clarifying our understanding of migration patterns Miocene ~ 13 mya. Subsequent migration occurred and dating of multiple secondary centers-of-origin via the mountains of central and eastern Asia, for grasses.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Identification the 20Th in a Series by R
    UNDERSTANDING TURF MANAGEMENT Species Identification The 20th in a series by R. W. Sheard, P.Ag. he management of turf often re- margins of the leaves overlapping (Fig. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) Tquires we know what species of grass 1). Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.) we are working with. The manager may The leaf blade may be used in identify- Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) wish to know whether his sports field is ing species on the basis of the shape of the Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) bluegrass, ryegrass or tall fescue. His re- leaf tip. The differentiating characteristic Supina bluegrass (Poa sup ina cords may be misplaced as to what was is whether the leaf tip is boat shaped or Schreb.) seeded originally and with time a mixture pointed apex (Fig. 2). Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum of species may have become dominated The leaf sheath is that tubular part of Lam.) by one species. So what is it? the leaf, arising at the node and closely Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne The answer is obtained through identi- clasping the stem or younger. growing L.) fying certain vegetative plant parts; then leaves upward to where the blade begins. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae according to their characteristics decide The leaf sheath may be classified as split Schreb.) what species you are working with. The from the node to emergence of the blade, Meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.) plant parts are the root system, the leaf split at the top but tube-like near the Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra blade, the bud-shoot, the sheath, the col- node, or closed the entire distance from L.) lar, the auricle and the ligule.
    [Show full text]
  • Spreading Bluegrass Poa Pratensis Ssp. Irrigata (Lindm.) Lindb
    Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis L. spreading bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata (Lindm.) Lindb. f. rough bluegrass Poa trivialis L. Introduction Kentucky bluegrass, spreading bluegrass, and rough bluegrass are treated together here because they share similar biological and ecological attributes. Invasiveness Rank: 52 The invasiveness rank is calculated based on a species’ ecological impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and response to control measures. The ranks are scaled from 0 to 100, with 0 representing a plant that poses no threat to native ecosystems and 100 representing a plant that poses a major threat to native ecosystems. Family: Poaceae Synonyms for Poa trivialis: Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr. Other common names: none Synonyms for Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis: Poa agassizensis Boivin & D. Löve, Poa angustifolia L., Description Poa angustiglumis Roshevitz, Poa pratensis ssp. Kentucky bluegrass and spreading bluegrass are agassizensis (Boivin & D. Löve) Taylor & MacBryde, strongly rhizomatous, mat-forming, perennial grasses Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L.) Lej., Poa pratensis that grow 15 to 76 cm tall. Rough bluegrass lacks var. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin, P. pratensis var. anceps rhizomes and is tufted with decumbent bases. The culms (Gaudin) Grisebach, Poa pratensis var. domestica of rough bluegrass grow up to 91 cm tall. In all three Laestad., Poa pratensis var. gelida (Roemer & J.A. taxa, leaf blades are flat to folded and smooth with Schultes) Böcher, Poa pratensis var. iantha Wahlenb., double mid-ribs. Leaf tips are prow-shaped, as they are P. viridula Palibin. in most Poa species. Sheaths are rounded to somewhat Other common names: none keeled, partially closed, and smooth. Panicles are broadly pyramidal and compact.
    [Show full text]
  • France - Butterflies of the Pyrenees
    France - Butterflies of the Pyrenees Naturetrek Tour Report 5 -12 July 2012 Gavarnie Blue Alpine Marmot, Ossoue valley Lac des Gloriettes Pyrenean Milk Vetch, Ossoue valley Report and images compiled by Mark Galliott Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report France - Butterflies of the Pyrenees Tour Leader: Mark Galliott Naturalist Julian Gayarre Naturalist Participants Jonathan Clarke Nym Clarke Andy Daw Carolyn Harrison Jane Asterley Simon Riley Liz Hobbs Sheila Holland Day 1 Thursday 5th July Cloudy, showers, warm The flight was slightly late into Toulouse where the group was welcomed by Mark and Julian, our locally based guides. We loaded up and set off on the 2½ hour drive down the auto-route towards the mountains and our hotel at Gèdre. Black Kite, Crag Martin and a flock of Cattle Egrets were the only notable birds seen en-route. Exiting the motorway, we skirted the pilgrimage town of Lourdes and entered the narrowing gorge of the fast flowing Gave de Gavarnie stream, which tumbles all the way down from the Spanish border. Soon after passing the famous Pont Napoleon Bridge, just upstream of the spa town of Luz St Saveur, we reached our destination, where our amiable hosts Odile and Philippe promptly allocated us to our rooms. We then enjoyed the first of many delicious dinners that we were to have during the forthcoming week. Day 2 Friday 6th July Sunny periods, cool It was cool but fine, as we headed up the Heas Valley for our first full day in the field, immediately having an unpleasant surprise when we found that the narrow winding road up to the Barrage des Gloriettes, our intended destination for the day, was blocked.
    [Show full text]
  • MANAGEMENT of ANNUAL BLUEGRASS (Poa Annua L.) USING
    MANAGEMENT OF ANNUAL BLUEGRASS (Poa annua L.) USING POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science By JOHN B. HAGUEWOOD Dr. Xi Xiong, Thesis Supervisor Dr. Reid Smeda, Co-Advisor May 2014 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled: MANAGEMENT OF ANNUAL BLUEGRASS (Poa annua L.) USING POST- EMERGENCE HERBICIDES AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS Presented by John B. Haguewood A candidate for the degree of Masters of Science And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Major Professor: Dr. Xi Xiong Assistant Professor Thesis Committee: Dr. Reid Smeda Professor Dr. Anne McKendry Associate Professor Dr. Mark Ellersieck Research Professor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Xi Xiong, for giving me the opportunity to further my education with a graduate degree. I have learned more over the past four years than I could have every expected. Thank you for your patience, knowledge, motivation and friendship. Without your guidance, this would have never been possible. I would also like to thank Dr. Reid Smeda, who also provided me with tremendous support and a wealth of knowledge, especially with abstract and poster revisions. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Anne McKendry and Dr. Mark Ellersieck for their input and encouragement on my research and thesis. I would like to thank Dan Lloyd, Steve Song, Natalie Pan, and Joe Schneider for their help and support during my thesis research.
    [Show full text]
  • Accepted Manuscript
    Accepted Manuscript Title: Longevity, growth and community ecology of invasive Poa annua across environmental gradients in the subantarctic Author: Laura K. Williams Justine D. Shaw Brian M. Sindel Susan C. Wilson Paul Kristiansen PII: S1439-1791(17)30284-0 DOI: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.003 Reference: BAAE 51083 To appear in: Received date: 3-9-2017 Revised date: 9-2-2018 Accepted date: 9-2-2018 Please cite this article as: Williams, L. K., Shaw, J. D., Sindel, B. M., Wilson, S. C., and Kristiansen, P.,Longevity, growth and community ecology of invasive Poa annua across environmental gradients in the subantarctic, Basic and Applied Ecology (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.003 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 Longevity, growth and community ecology of invasive Poa annua across environmental 2 gradients in the subantarctic 3 Laura K Williams a,* , Justine D Shaw b, Brian M Sindel a, Susan C Wilson a, Paul Kristiansen a 4 a School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia 2350 5 b Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 6 St Lucia, QLD Australia 4072 7 * Corresponding author.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Guide for California Oatgrass
    Plant Guide moist lowland prairies as well as open woodlands. CALIFORNIA Therefore, it is commonly recommended for revegetation, wildlife plantings, and restoration of OATGRASS oak savannas, transitional wetlands, and grasslands, especially in the Pacific Coast states where it is most Danthonia californica common. Bolander Plant Symbol = DACA3 Native bunchgrasses like California oatgrass are valuable for enhancing biodiversity. Healthy stands Contributed by: NRCS Plant Materials Center, can reduce invasion by exotic species yet exhibit a Corvallis, Oregon spatial distribution compatible with forbs (Maslovat 2001). Combined with other native grasses and forbs, California oatgrass improves habitat diversity for feeding, nesting, and hiding by songbirds (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 2000), as well as other animals. The grains are eaten by small birds and mammals (Mohlenbrock 1992). Prairies with California oatgrass as a definitive species are also unique refuges for other endemic organisms. For example, the Ohlone tiger beetle (Cicindela ohlone) is an endangered (federally listed) predatory insect known only to five remnant stands of California native grassland in Santa Cruz County (Santa Cruz Public Libraries 2003). These rare grasslands, including the coastal terrace prairies, remain biodiversity “hotspots” and are considered in need of protection (Stromberg et al. 2001). Forage: As a rangeland plant, California oatgrass is well utilized by livestock and certain wildlife. Prior to maturity, the species is rated as good to very good forage for cattle and horses in the Pacific Coast states, but less palatable for sheep and goats. Ratings are lower for eastern, drier portions of its natural range (USDA Forest Service 1988). Others claim it is palatable to all classes of livestock and a mainstay grass for range grazing in places like Humboldt County, California (Cooper 1960).
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Conservation Plan for the Lee Metcalf National Wildlife
    Appendix G Species Lists This appendix contains the common and scientific names of animals and plants that have been recorded on Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge or the surrounding Bitterroot Valley. The animal and plant lists are from ref­ uge wildlife surveys, annual narratives (USFWS 1988–93), and the 2009 Lee Metcalf Refuge Bioblitz. Species of concern were determined from global, Federal, and State of Montana listings (Montana Natural Heritage Program 2012). In the tables below, the asterisk (*) denotes a Montana Species of Concern, and the dagger (†) denotes a species that is on the Montana Noxious Weed List (September 2011) and high priority for treatment. CLASS AMPHIBIA Common name Scientific name Frogs American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris Toads and Salamanders Boreal toad* Bufo boreas* Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum CLASS REPTILIA Common name Scientific name Snakes Common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis Terrestrial garter snake Thamnophis elegans Rubber boa Charina bottae Eastern racer Coluber constrictor Western rattlesnake Crotalus viridis Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer Turtles Painted turtle Chrysemys picta CLASS AVES Common name Scientific name Swans, Geese, and Ducks Snow goose Chen caerulescens Ross’s goose Chen rossii Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons Canada goose Branta canadensis Trumpeter swan* Cygnus buccinator* Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus Wood duck Aix sponsa Gadwall Anas strepara American wigeon Anas americana 170 Comprehensive Conservation Plan,
    [Show full text]