DOI 10.1515/jah-2013-0002 JAH 2013; 1(1): 3–26 Teresa Morgan Divine-Human Relations in the Aesopic Corpus Abstract: This paper argues that Aesopic fables are an under-used but valuable resource for the study of Graeco-Roman cognitive religiosity. The world of fables is ruled by a restricted group of divinities – an ‘oligotheon’–dominated by Zeus, the largely benign creator who gives living beings their characteristic qualities and regulates their behaviour. Divine-human relations typically take place infor- mally and/or in private, rather than in public and/or through cult acts. Fables present the gods as spontaneously interested in human beings and as having a tendency to interfere uninvited in their affairs; one can sometimes even detect development in a divine-human relationship in the course of a story. A few fables play with the tensions endemic in divine-human relations, such as the unequal value of what each party brings to the other, and the paradox of human stories’ power to capture in narrative what in principle is beyond the bounds of human control. Carefully handled, fables can be taken seriously as evidence of one, sometimes unexpectedly sophisticated strain in Graeco-Roman religious think- ing, which persisted over a long period of time and across a wide spectrum of society. Keywords: Aesop, Fables, Gods, Monotheism, Cognitive religiosity Teresa Morgan: Oriel College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 4EW, UK, E-Mail:
[email protected] Fables hold a distinctive place in Graeco-Roman culture. Poets and prose writers told and retold them, drawing new morals from traditional stories or allowing audiences to draw their own.