Diversity and Mechanisms of Genomic Adaptation in Penicillium
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Succession and Persistence of Microbial Communities and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Associated with International Space Stati
Singh et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:204 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0585-2 RESEARCH Open Access Succession and persistence of microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with International Space Station environmental surfaces Nitin Kumar Singh1, Jason M. Wood1, Fathi Karouia2,3 and Kasthuri Venkateswaran1* Abstract Background: The International Space Station (ISS) is an ideal test bed for studying the effects of microbial persistence and succession on a closed system during long space flight. Culture-based analyses, targeted gene-based amplicon sequencing (bacteriome, mycobiome, and resistome), and shotgun metagenomics approaches have previously been performed on ISS environmental sample sets using whole genome amplification (WGA). However, this is the first study reporting on the metagenomes sampled from ISS environmental surfaces without the use of WGA. Metagenome sequences generated from eight defined ISS environmental locations in three consecutive flights were analyzed to assess the succession and persistence of microbial communities, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, and virulence properties. Metagenomic sequences were produced from the samples treated with propidium monoazide (PMA) to measure intact microorganisms. Results: The intact microbial communities detected in Flight 1 and Flight 2 samples were significantly more similar to each other than to Flight 3 samples. Among 318 microbial species detected, 46 species constituting 18 genera were common in all flight samples. Risk group or biosafety level 2 microorganisms that persisted among all three flights were Acinetobacter baumannii, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia frederiksenii,andAspergillus lentulus.EventhoughRhodotorula and Pantoea dominated the ISS microbiome, Pantoea exhibited succession and persistence. K. pneumoniae persisted in one location (US Node 1) of all three flights and might have spread to six out of the eight locations sampled on Flight 3. -
Fungal Systematics: Is a New Age to Some Fungal Taxonomists, the Changes Were Seismic11
Nature Reviews Microbiology | AOP, published online 3 January 2013; doi:10.1038/nrmicro2942 PERSPECTIVES Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants ESSAY (ICN). To many scientists, these may seem like overdue, common-sense measures, but Fungal systematics: is a new age to some fungal taxonomists, the changes were seismic11. of enlightenment at hand? In the long run, a unitary nomenclature system for pleomorphic fungi, along with the other changes, will promote effective David S. Hibbett and John W. Taylor communication. In the short term, however, Abstract | Fungal taxonomists pursue a seemingly impossible quest: to discover the abandonment of dual nomenclature will require mycologists to work together and give names to all of the world’s mushrooms, moulds and yeasts. Taxonomists to resolve the correct names for large num‑ have a reputation for being traditionalists, but as we outline here, the community bers of fungi, including many economically has recently embraced the modernization of its nomenclatural rules by discarding important pathogens and industrial organ‑ the requirement for Latin descriptions, endorsing electronic publication and isms. Here, we consider the opportunities ending the dual system of nomenclature, which used different names for the sexual and challenges posed by the repeal of dual nomenclature and the parallels and con‑ and asexual phases of pleomorphic species. The next, and more difficult, step will trasts between nomenclatural practices for be to develop community standards for sequence-based classification. fungi and prokaryotes. We also explore the options for fungal taxonomy based on Taxonomists create the language of bio‑ efforts to classify taxa that are discovered environmental sequences and ask whether diversity, enabling communication about through metagenomics5. -
Chapter 11 Marine Fungi Associated with Antarctic Macroalgae
Chapter 11 Marine Fungi Associated with Antarctic Macroalgae Mayara B. Ogaki, Maria T. de Paula, Daniele Ruas, Franciane M. Pellizzari, César X. García-Laviña, and Luiz H. Rosa Abstract Fungi are well known for their important roles in terrestrial ecosystems, but filamentous and yeast forms are also active components of microbial communi- ties from marine ecosystems. Marine fungi are particularly abundant and relevant in coastal systems where they can be found in association with large organic substrata, like seaweeds. Antarctica is a rather unexplored region of the planet that is being influenced by strong and rapid climate change. In the past decade, several efforts have been made to get a thorough inventory of marine fungi from different environ- ments, with a particular emphasis on those associated with the large communities of seaweeds that abound in littoral and infralittoral ecosystems. The algicolous fungal communities obtained were characterized by a few dominant species and a large number of singletons, as well as a balance among endemic, indigenous, and cold- adapted cosmopolitan species. The long-term monitoring of this balance and the dynamics of richness, dominance, and distributional patterns of these algicolous fungal communities is proposed to understand and model the influence of climate change on the maritime Antarctic biota. In addition, several fungal isolates from marine Antarctic environments have shown great potential as producers of bioactive natural products and enzymes and may represent attractive sources of biotechno- logical products. M. B. Ogaki · M. T. de Paula · D. Ruas · L. H. Rosa (*) Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] F. -
Penicillium Nalgiovense
Svahn et al. Fungal Biology and Biotechnology (2015) 2:1 DOI 10.1186/s40694-014-0011-x RESEARCH Open Access Penicillium nalgiovense Laxa isolated from Antarctica is a new source of the antifungal metabolite amphotericin B K Stefan Svahn1, Erja Chryssanthou2, Björn Olsen3, Lars Bohlin1 and Ulf Göransson1* Abstract Background: The need for new antibiotic drugs increases as pathogenic microorganisms continue to develop resistance against current antibiotics. We obtained samples from Antarctica as part of a search for new antimicrobial metabolites derived from filamentous fungi. This terrestrial environment near the South Pole is hostile and extreme due to a sparsely populated food web, low temperatures, and insufficient liquid water availability. We hypothesize that this environment could cause the development of fungal defense or survival mechanisms not found elsewhere. Results: We isolated a strain of Penicillium nalgiovense Laxa from a soil sample obtained from an abandoned penguin’s nest. Amphotericin B was the only metabolite secreted from Penicillium nalgiovense Laxa with noticeable antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125 μg/mL against Candida albicans. This is the first time that amphotericin B has been isolated from an organism other than the bacterium Streptomyces nodosus. In terms of amphotericin B production, cultures on solid medium proved to be a more reliable and favorable choice compared to liquid medium. Conclusions: These results encourage further investigation of the many unexplored sampling sites characterized by extreme conditions, and confirm filamentous fungi as potential sources of metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Amphotericin B, Penicillium nalgiovense Laxa, Antarctica Background for improving existing sampling and screening methods of The lack of efficient antibiotics combined with the in- filamentous fungi so as to advance the search for new creased spread of antibiotic-resistance genes characterize antimicrobial compounds [10]. -
Identification of a Sorbicillinoid-Producing Aspergillus
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio della ricerca - Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II Marine Biotechnology (2018) 20:502–511 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-018-9821-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Identification of a Sorbicillinoid-Producing Aspergillus Strain with Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus:aNew Polyextremophilic Marine Fungus from Barents Sea Paulina Corral1,2 & Fortunato Palma Esposito1 & Pietro Tedesco1 & Angela Falco1 & Emiliana Tortorella1 & Luciana Tartaglione3 & Carmen Festa3 & Maria Valeria D’Auria3 & Giorgio Gnavi4 & Giovanna Cristina Varese4 & Donatella de Pascale1 Received: 18 October 2017 /Accepted: 26 March 2018 /Published online: 12 April 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The exploration of poorly studied areas of Earth can highly increase the possibility to discover novel bioactive compounds. In this study, the cultivable fraction of fungi and bacteria from Barents Sea sediments has been studied to mine new bioactive molecules with antibacterial activity against a panel of human pathogens. We isolated diverse strains of psychrophilic and halophilic bacteria and fungi from a collection of nine samples from sea sediment. Following a full bioassay-guided approach, we isolated a new promising polyextremophilic marine fungus strain 8Na, identified as Aspergillus protuberus MUT 3638, possessing the potential to produce antimicrobial agents. This fungus, isolated from cold seawater, was able to grow in a wide range of salinity, pH and temperatures. The growth conditions were optimised and scaled to fermentation, and its produced extract was subjected to chemical analysis. The active component was identified as bisvertinolone, a member of sorbicillonoid family that was found to display significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 μg/mL. -
Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese SISTER NOËLLA MARCELLINO, O.S.B.,1 and DAVID R
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese SISTER NOËLLA MARCELLINO, O.S.B.,1 and DAVID R. BENSON2 1Abbey of Regina Laudis, Bethlehem, CT 06751; 2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3125 ABSTRACT The history of cheese manufacture is a “natural cheese both scientifically and culturally stems from its history” in which animals, microorganisms, and the environment ability to assume amazingly diverse flavors as a result of interact to yield human food. Part of the fascination with cheese, seemingly small details in preparation. These details both scientifically and culturally, stems from its ability to assume have been discovered empirically and independently by a amazingly diverse flavors as a result of seemingly small details in preparation. In this review, we trace the roots of cheesemaking variety of human populations and, in many cases, have and its development by a variety of human cultures over been propagated over hundreds of years. centuries. Traditional cheesemakers observed empirically that Cheeses have been made probably as long as mam- certain environments and processes produced the best cheeses, mals have stood still long enough to be milked. In unwittingly selecting for microorganisms with the best principle, cheese can be made from any type of mam- biochemical properties for developing desirable aromas and malian milk. In practice, of course, traditional herding textures. The focus of this review is on the role of fungi in cheese animals are far more effectively milked than, say, moose, ripening, with a particular emphasis on the yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum. -
Isolation of Fungal Cellulase Gene Transcript from Penicillium Spinulosum
Isolation of fungal cellulase gene transcript from Penicillium spinulosum A Master’s Thesis Presented to the faculty of The College of Science and Mathematics Colorado State University – Pueblo In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry By Srivatsan Parthasarathy Colorado State University – Pueblo May, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my research mentor Dr. Sandra Bonetti for guiding me through my research thesis and helping me in difficult times during my Master’s degree. I would like to thank Dr. Dan Caprioglio for helping me plan my experiments and providing the lab space and equipment. I would like to thank the department of Biology and Chemistry for supporting me through assistantships and scholarships. I would like to thank my wife Vaishnavi Nagarajan for the emotional support that helped me complete my degree at Colorado State University – Pueblo. III TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………….III 2) TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….....IV 3) ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..V 4) LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..VI 5) LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………VII 6) INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………1 7) MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………..24 8) RESULTS………………………………………………………………………..50 9) DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………….77 10) REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………...99 11) THESIS PRESENTATION SLIDES……………………………………………...113 IV ABSTRACT Cellulose and cellulosic materials constitute over 85% of polysaccharides in landfills. Cellulose is also the most abundant organic polymer on earth. Cellulose digestion yields simple sugars that can be used to produce biofuels. Cellulose breaks down to form compounds like hemicelluloses and lignins that are useful in energy production. Industrial cellulolysis is a process that involves multiple acidic and thermal treatments that are harsh and intensive. -
Penicillium Arizonense, a New, Genome Sequenced Fungal Species
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Penicillium arizonense, a new, genome sequenced fungal species, reveals a high chemical diversity in Received: 07 June 2016 Accepted: 26 September 2016 secreted metabolites Published: 14 October 2016 Sietske Grijseels1,*, Jens Christian Nielsen2,*, Milica Randelovic1, Jens Nielsen2,3, Kristian Fog Nielsen1, Mhairi Workman1 & Jens Christian Frisvad1 A new soil-borne species belonging to the Penicillium section Canescentia is described, Penicillium arizonense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 141311T = IBT 12289T). The genome was sequenced and assembled into 33.7 Mb containing 12,502 predicted genes. A phylogenetic assessment based on marker genes confirmed the grouping ofP. arizonense within section Canescentia. Compared to related species, P. arizonense proved to encode a high number of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, in particular hemicellulases. Mining the genome for genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis resulted in the identification of 62 putative biosynthetic gene clusters. Extracts ofP. arizonense were analysed for secondary metabolites and austalides, pyripyropenes, tryptoquivalines, fumagillin, pseurotin A, curvulinic acid and xanthoepocin were detected. A comparative analysis against known pathways enabled the proposal of biosynthetic gene clusters in P. arizonense responsible for the synthesis of all detected compounds except curvulinic acid. The capacity to produce biomass degrading enzymes and the identification of a high chemical diversity in secreted bioactive secondary metabolites, offers a broad range of potential industrial applications for the new speciesP. arizonense. The description and availability of the genome sequence of P. arizonense, further provides the basis for biotechnological exploitation of this species. Penicillia are important cell factories for the production of antibiotics and enzymes, and several species of the genus also play a central role in the production of fermented food products such as cheese and meat. -
Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017 Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium Visagie, C.M.; Houbraken, J.; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Hong, S. B.; Klaassen, C.H.W.; Perrone, G.; Seifert, K.A.; Varga, J.; Yaguchi, T.; Samson, R.A. Published in: Studies in Mycology Link to article, DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Visagie, C. M., Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J. C., Hong, S. B., Klaassen, C. H. W., Perrone, G., ... Samson, R. A. (2014). Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium. Studies in Mycology, 78, 343-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 343–371. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium C.M. -
Microbiological Risk Assessment of Raw Milk Cheese
Microbiological Risk Assessment of Raw Milk Cheese Risk Assessment Microbiology Section December 2009 MICROBIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF RAW MILK CHEESES ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. VII ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. VIII 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 1 2. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 8 3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 DEFINITION OF RAW MILK CHEESE ............................................................................... 9 3.4 APPROACH ................................................................................................................ 10 3.5 OTHER RAW MILK CHEESE ASSESSMENTS .................................................................. 16 4. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 18 4.1 CLASSIFICATION -
Pulmonary Infection Caused by Talaromyces Purpurogenus in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma
Le Infezioni in Medicina, n. 2, 153-157, 2016 CASE REPORT 153 Pulmonary infection caused by Talaromyces purpurogenus in a patient with multiple myeloma Altay Atalay1, Ayse Nedret Koc1, Gulsah Akyol2, Nuri Cakır1, Leylagul Kaynar2, Aysegul Ulu-Kilic3 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Department of Haematology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey; 3Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey SUMMARY A 66-year-old female patient with multiple myelo- based on the CT images. The sputum sample was sent ma (MM) was admitted to the emergency service on to the mycology laboratory and direct microscopic ex- 29.09.2014 with an inability to walk, and urinary and amination performed with Gram and Giemsa’s stain- faecal incontinence. She had previously undergone au- ing showed the presence of septate hyphae; there- tologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) twice. fore voriconazole was added to the treatment. Slow The patient was hospitalized at the Department of growing (at day 10), grey-greenish colonies and red Haematology. Further investigations showed findings pigment formation were observed in all culture media suggestive of a spinal mass at the T5-T6-T7 level, and except cycloheximide-containing Sabouraud dextrose a mass lesion in the iliac fossa. The mass lesion was agar (SDA) medium. The isolate was initially consid- resected and needle biopsy was performed during a ered to be Talaromyces marneffei. However, it was sub- colonoscopy. Examination of the specimens revealed sequently identified by DNA sequencing analysis as plasmacytoma. The patient also had chronic obstruc- Talaromyces purpurogenus. The patient was discharged tive pulmonary disease (COPD) and was suffering at her own wish, as she was willing to continue treat- from respiratory distress. -
Lactic Acid Bacteria As Bioprotective Agents Against Foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms in Fresh Fruit and Vegetabl
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS BIOPROTECTIVE AGENTS AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND SPOILAGE MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Rosalia TRIAS MANSILLA ISBN: 978-84-691-5683-4 Dipòsit legal: GI-1099-2008 Universitat de Girona Doctoral Thesis Lactic acid bacteria as bioprotective agents against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables Rosalia Trias Mansilla 2008 Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Agrària i Tecnologia Agroalimentària Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària Doctoral Thesis Lactic acid bacteria as bioprotective agents against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables Memòria presentada per Rosalia Trias Mansilla, inscrita al programa de doctorat de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, itinerari Biotecnologia, per optar al grau de Doctor per la Universitat de Girona Rosalia Trias Mansilla 2008 Lluís Bañeras Vives, professor titular de l’àrea de Microbiologia del Departament de Biologia, i Esther Badosa Romañó , professora de l’àrea de Producció Vegetal del Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Agrària i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, ambdós de la Universitat de Girona CERTIFIQUEN Que la llicenciada en Biologia Rosalia Trias Mansilla ha dut a terme, sota la seva direcció, el treball amb el títol “Lactic acid bacteria as bioprotective agents against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables”, que presenta en aquesta memòria la qual constitueix la seva Tesi per a optar al grau de Doctor per la Universitat de Girona. I per