Fungal Systematics: Is a New Age to Some Fungal Taxonomists, the Changes Were Seismic11
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Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese SISTER NOËLLA MARCELLINO, O.S.B.,1 and DAVID R
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese SISTER NOËLLA MARCELLINO, O.S.B.,1 and DAVID R. BENSON2 1Abbey of Regina Laudis, Bethlehem, CT 06751; 2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3125 ABSTRACT The history of cheese manufacture is a “natural cheese both scientifically and culturally stems from its history” in which animals, microorganisms, and the environment ability to assume amazingly diverse flavors as a result of interact to yield human food. Part of the fascination with cheese, seemingly small details in preparation. These details both scientifically and culturally, stems from its ability to assume have been discovered empirically and independently by a amazingly diverse flavors as a result of seemingly small details in preparation. In this review, we trace the roots of cheesemaking variety of human populations and, in many cases, have and its development by a variety of human cultures over been propagated over hundreds of years. centuries. Traditional cheesemakers observed empirically that Cheeses have been made probably as long as mam- certain environments and processes produced the best cheeses, mals have stood still long enough to be milked. In unwittingly selecting for microorganisms with the best principle, cheese can be made from any type of mam- biochemical properties for developing desirable aromas and malian milk. In practice, of course, traditional herding textures. The focus of this review is on the role of fungi in cheese animals are far more effectively milked than, say, moose, ripening, with a particular emphasis on the yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum. -
New Record of Thysanorea Papuana from India Article
Mycosphere 6 (4): 480–485(2015) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/4/9 New record of Thysanorea papuana from India Pratibha J1 and Prabhugaonkar A2 1 Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa 403206, India. Email: [email protected] 2Botanical survey of India, ERC Shillong, Meghalaya-793003, India Pratibha J and Prabhugaonkar A 2015 – New record of Thysanorea papuana from India. Mycosphere 6(4), 480–485, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/4/9 Abstract Studies on litter degrading microfungi from forests of Western Ghats is discovering many fungi, some of which are very rare in nature. This paper illustrates Thysanorea papuana and is the first report of its occurrence in India, extending distribution from its originally described locality of Papua New Guinea. The genus Thysanorea is monotypic and is reported for the first time from India. The identity of the fungus is confirmed based on morphological characters and molecular phylogeny of ITS and LSU regions. Isolation of this fungus is an important distributional record for this rare fungal species. Key words – Biodiversity – Western Ghats Introduction Many fungi were collected during studies on litter degrading microfungi from forests of Goa. This paper illustrates Thysanorea papuana (Aptroot) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous and is the first report of its occurrence in India, extending the distribution from originally described locality of Papua New Guinea. The species, which belong to a monotypic genus, is described and illustrated with micro-photographs. The culture obtained from single spore isolation was used to generate ITS and LSU sequence-data. -
Cylindrocladium Buxicola Nom. Cons. Prop.(Syn. Calonectria
I Promotors: Prof. dr. ir. Monica Höfte Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Dr. ir. Kurt Heungens Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Plant Sciences Unit - Crop Protection Dean: Prof. dr. ir. Guido Van Huylenbroeck Rector: Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe II Bjorn Gehesquière Cylindrocladium buxicola nom. cons. prop. (syn. Calonectria pseudonaviculata) on Buxus: molecular characterization, epidemiology, host resistance and fungicide control Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences III Dutch translation of the title: Cylindrocladium buxicola nom. cons. prop. (syn. Calonectria pseudonaviculata) in Buxus: moleculaire karakterisering, epidemiologie, waardplantresistentie en chemische bestrijding. Please refer to this work as follows: Gehesquière B. (2014). Cylindrocladium buxicola nom. cons. prop. (syn. Calonectria pseudonaviculata) on Buxus: molecular characterization, epidemiology, host resistance and fungicide control. Phd Thesis. Ghent University, Belgium The author and the promotors give authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Any other use is limited by Laws of Copyright. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. The promotors, The author, Prof. dr. ir. M. Höfte Dr. ir. K. Heungens ir. B. Gehesquière IV Een woordje van dank…. Dit dankwoord schrijven is ongetwijfeld het leukste onderdeel van deze thesis, en een mooie afsluiting van een interessante periode. Terugblikkend op de voorbije vier jaren kan ik enkel maar beamen dat een doctoraat zoveel meer is dan een wetenschappelijke uitdaging. Het is een levensreis in al zijn facetten, waarbij ik mezelf heb leren kennen in al mijn goede en slechte kantjes. -
Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Native Boxwood Forests of Georgia Final Report
Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Native Boxwood Forests of Georgia Final report Dr. Iryna Matsiakh Forestry Department, Ukrainian National Forestry University (Lviv) Tbilisi 2016 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. 2 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.1. Biodiversity of Georgia ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.2. Forest Ecosystems .................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3. Boxwood Forests in Forests Habitat Classification ................................................................................. 14 1.4. Georgian Forests Habitat in the Context of Climate Change -
The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus. -
(Hypocreales) Proposed for Acceptance Or Rejection
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · no 1: 41–51 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05 Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) ARTICLE proposed for acceptance or rejection Amy Y. Rossman1, Keith A. Seifert2, Gary J. Samuels3, Andrew M. Minnis4, Hans-Josef Schroers5, Lorenzo Lombard6, Pedro W. Crous6, Kadri Põldmaa7, Paul F. Cannon8, Richard C. Summerbell9, David M. Geiser10, Wen-ying Zhuang11, Yuuri Hirooka12, Cesar Herrera13, Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, and Priscila Chaverri13 1Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; corresponding author e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ ars.usda.gov 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada 3321 Hedgehog Mt. Rd., Deering, NH 03244, USA 4Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pincheot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 8Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 9Sporometrics, Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 1Y9 10Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA 11State -
Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and Related Genera with Cylindrocarpon-Like Anamorphs
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 57–78. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.03 Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs P. Chaverri1*, C. Salgado1, Y. Hirooka1, 2, A.Y. Rossman2 and G.J. Samuels2 1University of Maryland, Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Rm. 240, B-010A, 10300 Beltsville Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA *Correspondence: Priscila Chaverri, [email protected] Abstract: Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genusCylindrocarpon . Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N. -
Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017 Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium Visagie, C.M.; Houbraken, J.; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Hong, S. B.; Klaassen, C.H.W.; Perrone, G.; Seifert, K.A.; Varga, J.; Yaguchi, T.; Samson, R.A. Published in: Studies in Mycology Link to article, DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Visagie, C. M., Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J. C., Hong, S. B., Klaassen, C. H. W., Perrone, G., ... Samson, R. A. (2014). Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium. Studies in Mycology, 78, 343-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 343–371. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium C.M. -
Microbiological Risk Assessment of Raw Milk Cheese
Microbiological Risk Assessment of Raw Milk Cheese Risk Assessment Microbiology Section December 2009 MICROBIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF RAW MILK CHEESES ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. VII ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. VIII 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 1 2. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 8 3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 DEFINITION OF RAW MILK CHEESE ............................................................................... 9 3.4 APPROACH ................................................................................................................ 10 3.5 OTHER RAW MILK CHEESE ASSESSMENTS .................................................................. 16 4. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 18 4.1 CLASSIFICATION -
Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 343–371. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium C.M. Visagie1, J. Houbraken1*, J.C. Frisvad2*, S.-B. Hong3, C.H.W. Klaassen4, G. Perrone5, K.A. Seifert6, J. Varga7, T. Yaguchi8, and R.A. Samson1 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; 3Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea; 4Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; 6Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada; 7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közep fasor 52, Hungary; 8Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan *Correspondence: J. Houbraken, [email protected]; J.C. Frisvad, [email protected] Abstract: Penicillium is a diverse genus occurring worldwide and its species play important roles as decomposers of organic materials and cause destructive rots in the food industry where they produce a wide range of mycotoxins. Other species are considered enzyme factories or are common indoor air allergens. Although DNA sequences are essential for robust identification of Penicillium species, there is currently no comprehensive, verified reference database for the genus. To coincide with the move to one fungus one name in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, the generic concept of Penicillium was re-defined to accommodate species from other genera, such as Chromocleista, Eladia, Eupenicillium, Torulomyces and Thysanophora, which together comprise a large monophyletic clade. -
Potential Production of Cyclopiazonic Acid by Penicillium Camemberti Strains Isolated from Camembert Type Cheese
Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Císarová et al. 2012 : 2 (2) 434-445 FoodSciences REGULAR ARTICLE POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID BY PENICILLIUM CAMEMBERTI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CAMEMBERT TYPE CHEESE Miroslava Císarová, Dana Tančinová*, Zuzana Barboráková, Zuzana Mašková, Soňa Felšöciová, Vladimíra Kučerková Address: Slovak University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to isolate the strains of fungi from Camembert type cheese, identify them and to test isolated strains of Penicillium camemberti for their ability to produce cyclopiazonic acid. The description of micro- and macromorphological features was used for identification of Penicillium camemberti strains. Strains were subsequently in vitro tested on their potential ability to produce mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). All of the 14 strains of Penicillium camemberti, which were obtained from 20 samples of Camembert type cheese, were cultivated 7, 14, 21, 27 and 30 days on CYA medium at 10±1°C, 15±1°C and 25±1°C in the dark. For determination of CPA production ability by P. camemberti isolates in vitro was TLC used. After 7 days of cultivation cyclopiazonic acid was produced only by 5 from 14 strains cultivated at all cultivation temperatures. After 14 and 21 days of cultivation was CPA produced by 6 strains at all of cultivation temperatures. After 27 and 30 days of cultivation was CPA identified in 7 strains cultivated at all temperatures of cultivation. The other strains also produced mycotoxin, however, not at each temperature. -
Castor, Pollux and Life Histories of Fungi'
Mycologia, 89(1), 1997, pp. 1-23. ? 1997 by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 Issued 3 February 1997 Castor, Pollux and life histories of fungi' Donald H. Pfister2 1982). Nonetheless we have been indulging in this Farlow Herbarium and Library and Department of ritual since the beginning when William H. Weston Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard (1933) gave the first presidential address. His topic? University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Roland Thaxter of course. I want to take the oppor- tunity to talk about the life histories of fungi and especially those we have worked out in the family Or- Abstract: The literature on teleomorph-anamorph biliaceae. As a way to focus on the concepts of life connections in the Orbiliaceae and the position of histories, I invoke a parable of sorts. the family in the Leotiales is reviewed. 18S data show The ancient story of Castor and Pollux, the Dios- that the Orbiliaceae occupies an isolated position in curi, goes something like this: They were twin sons relationship to the other members of the Leotiales of Zeus, arising from the same egg. They carried out which have so far been studied. The following form many heroic exploits. They were inseparable in life genera have been studied in cultures derived from but each developed special individual skills. Castor ascospores of Orbiliaceae: Anguillospora, Arthrobotrys, was renowned for taming and managing horses; Pol- Dactylella, Dicranidion, Helicoon, Monacrosporium, lux was a boxer. Castor was killed and went to the Trinacrium and conidial types that are referred to as being Idriella-like.