DOCSLIB.ORG

4 December 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ISSN 1322-0330 RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Hansard Home Page: http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/work-of-assembly/hansard Email: [email protected] Phone (07) 3553 6344 FIRST SESSION OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH PARLIAMENT Friday, 4 December 2020 Subject Page SPEAKER’S STATEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 455 Temporary Speakers, Conduct of Members .................................................................................................... 455 Bott, Ms E .......................................................................................................................................................... 455 TABLED PAPERS................................................................................................................................................................. 455 MINISTERIAL STATEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 455 Coronavirus, Update ......................................................................................................................................... 455 Screen Industry ................................................................................................................................................. 456 Weather, High Temperatures ............................................................................................................................ 456 Building our Regions ........................................................................................................................................ 456 Queensland Economy ....................................................................................................................................... 457 Fraser Island, Bushfire ..................................................................................................................................... 458 Racing Industry ................................................................................................................................................. 458 Coronavirus, Update; Queensland Ambulance Service ................................................................................. 459 Coronavirus, Women and Girls ........................................................................................................................ 459 Tabled paper: Queensland Government: Queensland Budget 2020-21—Women’s Economic Statement . ....................................................................................................................................... 460 Arts Sector ......................................................................................................................................................... 460 PARLIAMENTARY CRIME AND CORRUPTION COMMITTEE ............................................................................................ 461 Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Commissioner, Report ........................................................................ 461 Tabled paper: Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Commissioner: Report of the work and activities of the Crime and Corruption Commission under chapter 11 of the Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000, dated September 2020. ........................................................................... 461 QUESTIONS WITHOUT NOTICE .......................................................................................................................................... 461 Infrastructure Projects ...................................................................................................................................... 461 Drought .............................................................................................................................................................. 462 Townsville, Economy ........................................................................................................................................ 463 CW PITT NJ LAURIE JM MATHERS SPEAKER CLERK OF THE PARLIAMENT CHIEF HANSARD REPORTER Table of Contents – Friday, 4 December 2020 Coronavirus, Vaccine ........................................................................................................................................ 464 The Spit .............................................................................................................................................................. 465 Great Barrier Reef, Initiatives ........................................................................................................................... 465 Budget, Job Creation ........................................................................................................................................ 466 Bushfires, Aerial Resources ............................................................................................................................. 466 Children’s Health Queensland, Funding .......................................................................................................... 467 APPROPRIATION (PARLIAMENT) (2020-2021) BILL; APPROPRIATION (2020-2021) BILL .............................................. 468 Second Reading (Cognate Debate) .................................................................................................................. 468 Tabled paper: Article from the Gold Coast Bulletin online, dated 20 November 2020, titled ‘Exit 57 Oxenford crash: Five escape serious injury at controversial M1 exit’ . ............................................... 490 MOTION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 499 Order of Business ............................................................................................................................................. 499 DISABILITY SERVICES AND OTHER LEGISLATION (WORKER SCREENING) AMENDMENT BILL ................................ 500 Second Reading ................................................................................................................................................ 500 Consideration in Detail...................................................................................................................................... 508 Clauses 1 to 70, as read, agreed to. ................................................................................................. 508 Schedule 1, as read, agreed to. ........................................................................................................ 508 Third Reading .................................................................................................................................................... 509 Long Title ........................................................................................................................................................... 509 APPROPRIATION (PARLIAMENT) (2020-2021) BILL; APPROPRIATION (2020-2021) BILL .............................................. 509 Second Reading (Cognate Debate) .................................................................................................................. 509 Tabled paper: Document, undated, titled ‘Creating jobs on the Gold Coast’ . .................................... 514 Tabled paper: Article from the Australian, dated 4 December 2020, titled ‘State debt to pay for daily “expenses” not investment’. ...................................................................................................... 521 Tabled paper: Article from the Courier-Mail, dated 4 December 2020, titled ‘Govt paying through the nose for mistakes’ . ..................................................................................................................... 522 Tabled paper: Extract, dated 6 August, from the Facebook page of the member for Scenic Rim, Mr Jon Krause MP, titled ‘$40 million extra and a fast-track to improve the Mount Lindesay Highway!’ . ........................................................................................................................................ 524 Tabled paper: Bundle of documents regarding Works for Queensland project funding allocation, Redland City Council . ...................................................................................................................... 540 Tabled paper: Queensland Transport, School Transport Infrastructure Program (STIP) Ideas Application form made by the member for Buderim, Mr Brent Mickelberg MP .................................. 557 Referral to Portfolio Committees ...................................................................................................................... 566 SPECIAL ADJOURNMENT ................................................................................................................................................... 566 VALEDICTORY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 566 Tabled paper: Memo, dated 4 December 2020, from the Minister for Health and Ambulance Services and Leader of the House, Hon. Yvette D’Ath, to members of the Parliament, advising of the 2021 parliamentary sitting calendar .................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Hospital and Health Service Public and Private Cancer Services Map 2019

    Hospital and Health Service Public and Private Cancer Services Map 2019

    Hospital and Health Service public and private cancer services map 2019 Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service Contents Hospital and Health Service Overviews ................................................................................ 3 Cairns and Hinterland ........................................................................................................ 5 Central Queensland ........................................................................................................... 7 Central West* .................................................................................................................... 9 Children's Health Queensland ......................................................................................... 11 Darling Downs ................................................................................................................. 13 Gold Coast ...................................................................................................................... 15 Mackay ............................................................................................................................ 17 Metro North ..................................................................................................................... 19 Metro South ..................................................................................................................... 22 North West* ..................................................................................................................... 24 South
  • Time for Submissions to Inquiry Into Building Inclusive and Accessible Communities

    Time for Submissions to Inquiry Into Building Inclusive and Accessible Communities

    Senate Community Affairs References Committee More time for submissions to inquiry into building inclusive and accessible communities The Senate Community Affairs References Committee is inquiring into the delivery of outcomes under the National DATE REFERRED Disability Strategy 2010-2020 to build inclusive and 29 December 2016 accessible communities. SUBMISSIONS CLOSE The inquiry will examine the planning, design, management 28 April 2017 and regulation of the built and natural environment, transport services and infrastructure, and communication and NEXT HEARING information systems, including barriers to progress or To be advised innovation in these areas. It will also look at the impact of restricted access for people with disability on inclusion and REPORTING DATE participation in all aspects of life. 13 September 2017 The date for submissions to the inquiry has been extended to COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP Friday 28 April 2017. Senator Rachel Siewert (Chair) "The additional time will ensure that groups and individuals Senator Jonathon Duniam can make a contribution to the inquiry" said committee chair, (Deputy Chair) Senator Sam Dastyari Senator Rachel Siewert. "The committee is very keen to hear Senator Louise Pratt directly from people with disability and their families and Senator Linda Reynolds carers, as well as representative organisations. We would also Senator Murray Watt welcome submissions from service providers and innovators Senator Carol Brown who have improved accessibility in their communities or online." CONTACT THE COMMITTEE Senate Standing Committees "The committee encourages people to visit the committee's on Community Affairs website to get some more information about the inquiry and PO Box 6100 how to make a submission.
  • Report: the Practice of Dowry and the Incidence of Dowry Abuse in Australia

    Report: the Practice of Dowry and the Incidence of Dowry Abuse in Australia

    The Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee Practice of dowry and the incidence of dowry abuse in Australia February 2019 Commonwealth of Australia 2019 ISBN 978-1-76010-898-4 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License. The details of this licence are available on the Creative Commons website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. This document was produced by the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee secretariat and printed by the Senate Printing Unit, Department of the Senate, Parliament House, Canberra. ii Members of the committee Members Senator Louise Pratt (ALP, WA) (Chair) Senator the Hon Ian Macdonald (LNP, QLD) (Deputy Chair) Senator Kimberley Kitching (ALP, VIC) Senator Nick McKim (AG, TAS) Senator Jim Molan AO, DSC (LP, NSW) Senator Murray Watt (ALP, QLD) Participating Members Senator Larissa Waters (AG, QLD) Secretariat Dr Sean Turner, Acting Committee Secretary Ms Nicola Knackstredt, Acting Principal Research Officer Ms Brooke Gay, Administrative Officer Suite S1.61 Telephone: (02) 6277 3560 Parliament House Fax: (02) 6277 5794 CANBERRA ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] iii Table of contents Members of the committee ............................................................................... iii Recommendations .............................................................................................vii Chapter 1.............................................................................................................
  • Entertainment

    Entertainment

    ENTERTAINMENT ANNUAL REPORT 2011 PROFILE Village Roadshow was founded by Roc Kirby and first commenced business in 1954 in Melbourne, Australia and has been listed on the Australian Securities Exchange since 1988. Still based in Melbourne, Village Roadshow Limited (‘VRL’) is a leading international entertainment company with core businesses in Theme Parks, Cinema Exhibition, Film Distribution and Film Production and Music. All of these businesses are well recognised retail brands and strong cash flow generators - together they create a diversified portfolio of entertainment assets. Theme Parks Village Roadshow has been involved in theme and Sea World Helicopters; parks since 1989 and is Australia’s largest • Australian Outback Spectacular; and theme park owner and operator. • Paradise Country and Village Roadshow On Queensland’s Gold Coast VRL has: Studios. • Warner Bros. Movie World, the popular VRL is moving forward with plans to build movie themed park; Australia’s newest water theme park, • Sea World, Australia’s premier marine Wet‘n’Wild Sydney, with site development theme park; to begin in the 2012 calendar year. • Wet‘n’Wild Water World, one of the world’s VRL’s overseas theme parks are: largest and most successful water parks; • Wet’n’Wild Hawaii, USA; and • Sea World Resort and Water Park, • Wet’n’Wild Phoenix, Arizona USA. Cinema Exhibition Showing movies has a long tradition with at 8 sites in the United States and 12 screens Village Roadshow, having started in 1954 in the UK. VRL continues to lead the world with the first of its drive–in cinemas. Today with industry trends including stadium Village Cinemas jointly owns and operates seating, digital projection, 3D blockbuster 506 screens across 50 sites in Australia, 73 movies and the growth category of premium screens at 9 sites in Singapore, 59 screens cinemas including Gold Class.
  • Migration Amendment (Clarification of Jurisdiction) Bill 2018 [Provisions]

    Migration Amendment (Clarification of Jurisdiction) Bill 2018 [Provisions]

    The Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee Migration Amendment (Clarification of Jurisdiction) Bill 2018 [Provisions] June 2018 Commonwealth of Australia 2018 ISBN 978-1-76010-774-1 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License. The details of this licence are available on the Creative Commons website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. This document was produced by the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee secretariat and printed by the Senate Printing Unit, Department of the Senate, Parliament House, Canberra. ii Members of the committee Members Senator the Hon Ian Macdonald (LNP, QLD) (Chair) Senator Louise Pratt (ALP, WA) (Deputy Chair) Senator Jim Molan (LP, NSW) Senator Nick McKim (AG, TAS) Senator Jane Hume (LP, VIC) Senator Murray Watt (ALP, QLD) Secretariat Mr Tim Watling, Committee Secretary Ms Pothida Youhorn, Principal Research Officer Ms Alexandria Moore, Administrative Officer Suite S1.61 Telephone: (02) 6277 3560 Parliament House Fax: (02) 6277 5794 CANBERRA ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] iii Table of contents Members of the committee ............................................................................... iii Recommendations .............................................................................................vii Chapter 1.............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction and background ................................................................................
  • Capital Statement Budget Paper No.3 3 Budget.Qld.Gov.Au Queensland Budget 2021–22 Budget Queensland Capital Statement Budget Paper No

    Capital Statement Budget Paper No.3 3 Budget.Qld.Gov.Au Queensland Budget 2021–22 Budget Queensland Capital Statement Budget Paper No

    Queensland Budget Budget Queensland QUEENSLAND BUDGET 2021–22 2021 – 22 Capital Statement Statement Capital CAPITAL STATEMENT Budget Paper No. Paper Budget BUDGET PAPER NO. 3 3 Queensland Budget 2021–22 Capital Statement Budget Paper No.3 budget.qld.gov.au budget.qld.gov.au 21-050_Budget 2021-22 _A4_Core Paper_Cover.indd 5 7/6/21 3:44 pm 2021–22 Queensland Budget Papers 1. Budget Speech 2. Budget Strategy and Outlook 3. Capital Statement Service Delivery Statements Appropriation Bills Budget Highlights Regional Action Plans The budget papers are available online at budget.qld.gov.au © The State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) 2021 Copyright This publication is protected by the Copyright Act 1968 Licence This document is licensed by the State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International licence. In essence, you are free to copy, communicate and adapt this publication, as long as you attribute the work to the State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury). To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Attribution Content from this publication should be attributed to: © The State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) - 2021–22 Queensland Budget Translating and interpreting assistance The Queensland Government is committed to providing accessible services to Queenslanders from all cultural and linguistic backgrounds. If you have difficulty in understanding this publication, you can contact us on telephone (07) 3035 3503 and we will arrange an interpreter to effectively communicate the report to you. Capital Statement Budget Paper No. 3 ISSN 1445-4890 (Print) ISSN 1445-4904 (Online) Queensland Budget 2021–22 Capital Statement Budget Paper No.3 21-050_Budget 2021-22 _A4_Core Paper_Cover.indd 6 7/6/21 3:44 pm Capital Statement 2021–22 State Budget 2021–22 Capital Statement Budget Paper No.
  • Queensland Teachers' Union Submission to the Senate Inquiry

    Queensland Teachers' Union Submission to the Senate Inquiry

    Queensland Teachers’ Union Submission to the Senate Inquiry into the Development and Implementation of National School Funding Arrangements and School Reform March 2014 2 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................... 4 Background .................................................................................................... 5 Section 1: Précis of previous submissions ...................................................... 6 A. Queensland state schools in rural and remote settings ............................. 6 B. Queensland state schools in regional centres ............................................ 9 C. Queensland state schools in metropolitan areas ..................................... 11 Section 2: National Partnerships schools on the road to success .................. 14 A. Harris Fields State School ....................................................................... 14 B. Redbank Plains State High School ........................................................... 16 C. Glenala State High School ....................................................................... 17 D. Cairns West State School ........................................................................ 18 E. Urangan Point State School .................................................................... 20 Section 3: The “Great Results Guarantee” .................................................... 21 Distribution of federal funds in Queensland: The “Great Results Guarantee” ....
  • Capital Statement Capital Stateme

    Capital Statement Capital Stateme

    PleasePlease adjust adjust spine spine widthwidth accordingly accordingly Queensland Budget 2020 Budget Queensland 2020 Budget Queensland QUEENSLANDQUEENSLAND BUDGETBUDGET 2020-212020-21 – – 21 21 Capital Statement Statement Capital Statement Capital CAPITALCAPITAL STATEMENTSTATEMENT Budget Paper No. Paper Budget No. Paper Budget BUDGETBUDGET PAPERPAPER NO.NO. 33 3 3 QueenslandQueensland Budget Budget 2020–21 2020–21 CapitalCapital Statement Statement Budget Budget Paper Paper No. No.33 ~ Queensland budget.qld.gov.aubudget.qld.gov.au budget.qld.gov.aubudget.qld.gov.au Government PleasePlease adjust adjust spine spine widthwidth accordingly accordingly Please adjust spine width accordingly 2020–21 Queensland Budget Papers 1. Budget Speech 2. Budget Strategy and Outlook 3. Capital Statement Service Delivery Statements Appropriation Bills Budget Highlights Regional Action Plans The Budget Papers are available online at budget.qld.gov.au © The State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) 2020 Copyright This publication is protected by the Copyright Act 1968 Licence This document is licensed by the State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International licence. In essence, you are free to copy, communicate and adapt this publication, as long as you attribute the work to the State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury). To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Attribution Content from this publication should be attributed to: © The State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) - 2020–21 Queensland Budget Translating and interpreting assistance The Queensland Government is committed to providing accessible services to Queenslanders from all cultural and linguistic backgrounds. If you have difficulty in understanding this publication, you can contact us on telephone (07) 3035 3503 and we will arrange an interpreter to effectively communicate the report to you.
  • Opening Address

    Opening Address

    Opening address Andrew Laming MP1 1Federal Member for Bowman, Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Regional Health Services and Indigenous Health Thanks Leigh for kicking off Plenary One ‘Shaping a Bright Rural Future’—I hope as a warm-up act, Jack Snelling and I do ok. Thanks to this year’s conference convenor Marie Lally, to your Conference Advisory committee and the Organising group. And of course the Tutti Choir for your inspiring intro. Distinguished guests, Jack, South Australian Senator David Fawcett, to Australian professional Colleges, most notably ACRRM, NACCHO and AIDA and RACGP, to AGPN, ANF, Allied Health networks, the RFDS; the physios, the psychs and the physios, the Chiros, Pharmacists the Optoms, the Ambos and paramedics, the Rural nurses, Doctors, Dentists, students and health researchers, to the Australian Health and Hospital Association, CRANAPlus, the CWA, Catholic Health Australia, ICPA, the health consumer groups, Rural HWorkforce, and RH Education Foundation, to the health consulting firms, private sector providers. What a perfect weekend in Australia’s most understated capital city, we are celebrating the work of rural, remote and Aboriginal health professionals. For many of you, rural health’s watershed moment was 1991. Many here today recall the Toowoomba Conference when ‘modern’ rural health was born. You’d agree it provided the foundation for what has been two-decades of uninterrupted advance in the status of (and investment in) rural, remote and Aboriginal health. Much of that momentum creation can be traced back to the AHMAC Rural Health Taskforce AND the Rural Health Support E&T program. Given this is a two yearly event this 11th meeting is as close as it gets to a 21st birthday for rural health.
  • What Killed Australian Cinema & Why Is the Bloody Corpse Still Moving?

    What Killed Australian Cinema & Why Is the Bloody Corpse Still Moving?

    What Killed Australian Cinema & Why is the Bloody Corpse Still Moving? A Thesis Submitted By Jacob Zvi for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne © Jacob Zvi 2019 Swinburne University of Technology All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. II Abstract In 2004, annual Australian viewership of Australian cinema, regularly averaging below 5%, reached an all-time low of 1.3%. Considering Australia ranks among the top nations in both screens and cinema attendance per capita, and that Australians’ biggest cultural consumption is screen products and multi-media equipment, suggests that Australians love cinema, but refrain from watching their own. Why? During its golden period, 1970-1988, Australian cinema was operating under combined private and government investment, and responsible for critical and commercial successes. However, over the past thirty years, 1988-2018, due to the detrimental role of government film agencies played in binding Australian cinema to government funding, Australian films are perceived as under-developed, low budget, and depressing. Out of hundreds of films produced, and investment of billions of dollars, only a dozen managed to recoup their budget. The thesis demonstrates how ‘Australian national cinema’ discourse helped funding bodies consolidate their power. Australian filmmaking is defined by three ongoing and unresolved frictions: one external and two internal. Friction I debates Australian cinema vs. Australian audience, rejecting Australian cinema’s output, resulting in Frictions II and III, which respectively debate two industry questions: what content is produced? arthouse vs.
  • RACQ Unroadworthy Roads Technical Appendix

    RACQ Unroadworthy Roads Technical Appendix

    RACQ Unroadworthy Roads Technical Appendix Author Public Policy Date March 2016 Title: RACQ Unroadworthy Roads Technical Appendix Issued Date: March 2016 Page: 1 of 104 List of roads with number of responses to identified problems cont’d IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS Tight Vegetation Poor or Slippery / curves / Narrow Narrow Poor Hazardous Poor or or objects Lack of inadequate Rough Loose blind road / bridge / road Poor Poor roadside no guard block overtaking Flood Poor road Steep Road Name # Responses Surface surface crests lanes culvert markings signing shoulders objects rails visibility opportunities prone drainage lighting grade Bruce Highway 67 38 9 10 27 17 14 8 27 8 11 8 30 22 15 11 1 Pacific Motorway 32 8 1 1 6 1 3 - 4 - - 1 4 - 2 - - Mount Lindesay Highway 21 5 - - 5 - 1 2 4 1 1 - 14 4 2 3 1 Captain Cook Highway 19 5 2 2 2 1 2 - 2 2 1 1 1 4 5 - - Rickertt Road 19 18 3 - 8 3 6 1 13 3 2 - 6 16 9 10 - D'Aguilar Highway 16 12 5 4 6 1 4 1 6 2 1 3 12 2 5 1 1 Kennedy Highway 15 2 5 7 6 1 - - 6 1 5 2 13 1 - 1 1 Warrego Highway 14 11 3 3 5 2 3 2 6 2 - 2 3 3 3 2 - New England Highway 11 9 2 2 4 2 1 1 4 2 2 1 5 2 1 - - Telegraph Road 11 4 - - - - - - 2 - - - - 1 1 - - Kingsford Smith Drive 10 8 2 - 4 - 3 - 2 - - - - - 1 - - Maleny-Kenilworth Road 10 10 2 4 10 4 2 1 8 4 - 1 5 - 2 - - Gore Highway 9 8 1 - 5 - - - 5 1 2 - 2 2 - - - Samford Road 9 7 2 3 6 - 1 1 1 2 - - 2 - 2 - - Tinaburra Drive 9 7 3 5 9 2 4 2 6 2 - 1 3 - - 4 - Burnett Highway 8 8 - 3 4 4 2 2 7 2 1 2 5 3 4 1 - Beachmere Road 7 6 1 2 7 6 1 2 7 - 1 2 2 6 3 3 - Beechmont Road 7 1 2 7 7
  • Annual Report 2016-17

    Annual Report 2016-17

    United Nations Association of Australia ANNUAL REPORT By strengthening the three pillars of the United Nations – security, human rights and sustainable development - we can build a more peaceful (SAFER), more just (FAIRER) and more prosperous (SUSTAINABLE) world for our succeeding generations.” – BAN KI-MOON, Former UN Secretary General Cover page photo: Former Portuguese Prime Minister and UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Antonio Guterres, who formally succeeded Ban Ki-moon as UN Secretary-General in January 2017. UN Photo/Manuel Elias This page: UN Photo/Cia Pak Our Mission 4 National President’s Report 6 National Executive Director’s Report 8 Activity Highlights 10 Examples of Public Diplomacy Events for The Year 12 Board Attendance 25 National Finances 26 Our People 28 UNAA ANNUAL REPORT 2016/2017 | 3 OUR Established in 1946, the United Nations Association of Australia works to inform, inspire and engage all Australian’s regarding the work, goals and values of the United Nations to create a safer, fairer and more sustainable world. 4 | UNAA ANNUAL REPORT 2016/2017 Inform. it is important that addressing corruption, crime also causes resentment governments, civil society and human rights violations and animosity, and could and communities work for everyone at home. give rise to violence. together to implement lasting solutions to reduce What would be the cost of What can we do? violence, deliver justice, not taking action now? Take a genuine interest in combat corruption and Armed violence and inse- what your government is ensure inclusive curity have a destructive doing. RaiseInspire. awareness in participation at all times. impact on a country’s devel- your community about the Freedom to express views, opment, affecting economic realities of violence and the in private and in public, growth and often resulting importance of peaceful and must be guaranteed.