Building Blocks for a Renewable Energy System
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Pingo-Landschaft in Ostfriesland
Siedlungs- und Küstenforschung im südlichen Nordseegebiet (SKN) 36 111-999 Rahden/Westf. 2012 Settlement and Coastal Research in the Southern North Sea Region (SCN) Pingo-Landschaft in Ostfriesland Pingo-landscape in East Frisia Axel Heinze, Wim Hoek und Martina Tammen Mit 1 Tabelle und 5 Abbildungen Inhalt: Ein Schulprojekt am Niedersächsischen Internatsgymnasium Esens untersucht Pingo-Ruinen in der Umgebung von Esens und an weiteren Stellen in Ostfriesland. Es gibt eine hohe Dichte solcher abfl usslosen Hohlformen, die einen starken Bezug zur Kulturlandschaft von der Steinzeit bis heute haben. Schlüsselwörter: Ostfriesland, Periglazial, Permafrostboden, Pingo, Kulturlandschaft. Abstract: A project undertaken by pupils of the senior boarding school at Esens in Lower Saxony investigates the remains of pingos in the area around Esens and other places in East Frisia. There are considerable numbers of these hollow landforms with no drainage outfl ow, which have been an integral part of the cultural landscape from the Stone Age to the present day. Key words: East Frisia, Periglacial landforms, Permafrost soil, Pingo, Cultural landscape. Axel Heinze, Jahnstraße 7, 26427 Esens – E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Wim Hoek, Department of Physical Geography, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands – E-Mail: [email protected] Martina Tammen, Gartenstraße 21, 26427 Esens – E-Mail: [email protected] 1 Pingo-Ruinen In einem Projekt des Niedersächsischen Internats- gebildet haben. Nach dem Ausschmelzen des Eiskernes gymnasiums Esens in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Geo- zum Ende der Weichselzeit bildete sich in der Regel graphischen Institut der Universität Utrecht und dem ein See, der dann mit einer Mudde verlandete. -
Investigation of Innovative Rotor Concepts for the Big Adaptive Rotor
Investigation of Innovative Rotor Concepts for the Big Adaptive Rotor Project Nick Johnson,1 Pietro Bortolotti,1 Katherine Dykes,1 Garrett Barter,1 Patrick Moriarty,1 Scott Carron,1 Fabian Wendt,1 Paul Veers,1 Josh Paquette,2 Chris Kelly,2 2 and Brandon Ennis 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 Sandia National Laboratories NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5000-73605 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC September 2019 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Investigation of Innovative Rotor Concepts for the Big Adaptive Rotor Project Nick Johnson,1 Pietro Bortolotti,1 Katherine Dykes,1 Garrett Barter,1 Patrick Moriarty,1 Scott Carron,1 1 1 2 2 Fabian Wendt, Paul Veers, Josh Paquette, Chris Kelly, 2 and Brandon Ennis 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 Sandia National Laboratories Suggested Citation Johnson, Nick, Pietro Bortolotti, Katherine Dykes, Garrett Barter, Patrick Moriarty, Scott Carron, Fabian Wendt, Paul Veers, Josh Paquette, Chris Kelly, and Brandon Ennis. 2019. Investigation of Innovative Rotor Concepts for the Big Adaptive Rotor Project. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5000-73605. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73605.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5000-73605 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC September 2019 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. -
ENERCON Wind Energy Converters Technology & Service
ENERCON wind energy converters Technology & Service PAGE 2 ENERCON U¾QOHUH*HQHO%DNóġTechnology & Service Yeniliklerle gelen avantaj PAGE 3 1 ENERCON turbine technology 6 Rotor blades 8 Direct drive 9 Annular generator technology 10 Tower construction 12 Precast concrete towers 13 Steel towers 14 Foundation construction 15 2 ENERCON WEC control system 16 Sensor system 18 ENERCON ice detection system 18 Rotor blade de-icing system 19 ENERCON storm control 19 3 ENERCON grid integration and wind farm management 20 Optimum grid integration 22 P/Q diagram/voltage stability 24 Power-frequency control 25 Inertia Emulation 26 Fault ride-through - option 27 Generation management system – power regulation for maximum yield 28 Bottleneck management – maximum output during bottlenecks 28 ENERCON SCADA RTU 29 ENERCON FCU 29 4 ENERCON remote monitoring 30 ENERCON SCADA system 32 ENERCON Service Info Portal 35 ENERCON PartnerKonzept 36 5 6 ENERCON product overview 40 PAGE 4 Technology & Service PAGE 5 Introduction ENERCON has been among the top producers is performed with 3D CAD systems which assist of wind energy converters for nearly 30 years the developers in verifying overstress and criti- now. Two of the key contributing factors to the FDODUHDVE\PHDQVRIWKHʖQLWHHOHPHQWPHWKRG company´s success are innovation and quality. Production processes are not launched until com- Both highly developed vertical integration and a prehensive quality tests have been completed – a comprehensive quality management system play strategy which has been successfully adopted by D VLJQLʖFDQW UROH LQ VHFXULQJ (1(5&21vV KLJK (1(5&21vV H[FOXVLYH SURGXFWLRQ SODQWV VLQFH quality standards. 2009. The company is therefore distinguished by outstanding quality and a high degree of vertical Through constant product enhancement and integration. -
ENERCON Magazine for Wind Energy 01/14
WINDBLATT ENERCON Magazine for wind energy 01/14 ENERCON installs E-115 prototype New two part blade concept passes practial test during installation at Lengerich site (Lower Saxony). ENERCON launches new blade test station Ultra modern testing facilities enables static and dynamic tests on rotor blades of up to 70m. ENERCON announces new WECs for strong wind sites E-82/2,3 MW and E-101/3 MW series also to be available for Wind Class I sites. 4 ENERCON News 21 ENERCON Fairs 23 ENERCON Adresses 12 18 Imprint Publisher: 14 New ENERCON wind energy converters ENERCON GmbH ENERCON announces E-82 and E-101 for strong wind sites. Dreekamp 5 D-26605 Aurich Tel. +49 (0) 49 41 927 0 Fax +49 (0) 49 41 927 109 www.enercon.de Politics Editorial office: Felix Rehwald 15 Interview with Matthias Groote, Member of the European Parliament Printed by: Chairmann of Committee on the Environment comments on EU energy policy. Beisner Druck GmbH & Co. KG, 8 Buchholz/Nordheide Copyright: 16 ENERCON Comment on EEG Reform All photos, illustrations, texts, images, WINDBLATT 01/14 graphic representations, insofar as this The Government's plans are excessive inflict a major blow on the onshore industry. is not expressly stated to the contrary, are the property of ENERCON GmbH and may not be reproduced, changed, transmitted or used otherwise without the prior written consent of Practice ENERCON GmbH. Cover Frequency: The WINDBLATT is published four 18 Replacing old machines times a year and is regularly enclosed 8 Installation of E-115 prototype to the «neue energie», magazine for Clean-up along coast: Near Neuharlingersiel ENERCON replaces 17 old turbines with 4 modern E-126. -
Pdf (Accessed 14 Sept
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SOAS Research Online Zhou, X., Li, X., Lema, R., Urban, F., 2015. Comparing the knowledge bases of wind turbine firms in Asia and Europe: patent trajectories, networks, and globalization. Science and Public Policy, 1-16. doi: 10.1093/scipol/scv055 Comparing the knowledge bases of wind turbine firms in Asia and Europe: patent trajectories, networks, and globalisation Yuan Zhou1, Xin Li2, Rasmus Lema3, Frauke Urban4 1 School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2 School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, China 3 Department of Business and Management, Aalborg University, Denmark 4 School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS, University of London, UK Abstract This study uses patent analyses to compare the knowledge bases of leading wind turbine firms in Asia and Europe. It concentrates on the following aspects: (a) the trajectories of key technologies, (b) external knowledge networks, and (c) the globalisation of knowledge application. Our analyses suggest that the knowledge bases differ significantly between leading wind turbine firms in Europe and Asia. Europe’s leading firms have broader and deeper knowledge bases than their Asian counterparts. In contrast, Chinese lead firms, with their unidirectional knowledge networks, are highly domestic in orientation with respect to the application of new knowledge. The Indian lead firm Suzlon, however, exhibits a better knowledge position. While our quantitative analyses validate prior qualitative studies it also brings new insights. The study suggests that European firms are still leaders in this industry, and Asian lead firms are unlikely to create new pathways that will disrupt incumbents in the near future. -
RCON, 2015. ENERCON Product Overview
Sub MW E-44, E-48, E-53 MW E-70, E-82 E2, E-82 E4, E-92, E-101, E-101 E2, E-115, E-126 EP4 Multi-MW E-126 The most suitable wind energy converter for every location ENERCON product overview PAGE 2 ENERCON product overview Advantage through innovation PAGE 3 ENERCON wind energy converters – Advantage through innovation. For more than 25 years, ENERCON wind energy converters have been synonymous with technological progress and high profitability. The importance of technologies contributing to power supply security is constantly increasing. ENERCON’s control systems offer a wide range of technological options which can be adapted to the grid parameters of large power transmission systems. Continuous research and development, as well as a degree of vertical integration that is unrivalled in the industry, ensure the high quality standards, the reliability and the profitability of ENERCON wind energy converters. Together with customer-oriented service, they guarantee the company’s continued success. PAGE 4 ENERCON product overview E-44 E-44 PAGE 5 Calculated power curve Technical specifi cations E-44 Power P (kW) Power coefficient Cp (-) Rated power: 900 kW 1,000 0.60 Rotor diameter: 44 m 900 800 0.50 Hub height in meter: 45 / 55 700 0.40 600 Wind zone (DIBt): - 500 - 0.30 Wind class (IEC): IEC/EN IA E 44 400 300 0.20 900 kW WEC concept: Gearless, variable speed, 200 0.10 100 single blade adjustment 0 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 Rotor Wind speed v at hub height (m/s) Type: Upwind rotor with active pitch control Rotational direction: Clockwise Power- Wind Power P No. -
ENERCON Magazine for Wind Energy 02/11
WINDBLATT ENERCON Magazine for wind energy 02/11 E-101 Prototype ENERCON installs first WEC from its new 3 MW series near Görmin in Germany Technology ENERCON now offers its tried-and-tested inverters also for solar projects International ENERCON and WindVision celebrated the official opening of the E-126 Wind Farm Estinnes 4 ENERCON News 11 ENERCON Fairs 13 ENERCON Addresses 14 19 Imprint Publisher: ENERCON GmbH Technology Dreekamp 5 26605 Aurich, Germany Phone +49 (0) 49 41 927 0 12 ENERCON solar inverters Fax +49 (0) 49 41 927 109 6 www.enercon.de ENERCON wants to create new business opportunities with its tried-and-tested inver- ter technology.The components are now available for photovoltaic projects as well. Editorial office: WINDBLATT 02/11 Felix Rehwald Ruth Brand-Schock Printed by: Beisner Druck GmbH & Co. KG, Buchholz/Nordheide International Copyright: All photos, illustrations, texts, images, graphic representations, insofar as this 14 Inauguration of Wind Farm Estinnes, Belgium is not expressly stated to the contrary, Cover are the property of ENERCON GmbH Largest project with E-126 worldwide produces 187 GWh of green power annually. and may not be reproduced, changed, transmitted or used otherwise 6 E-101 Prototype without the prior written consent of ENERCON GmbH. ENERCON recently erected the first WEC from its new 3 MW series near Görmin (Mecklenburg West 16 Mobile production in Brazil Concrete tower factory makes segments right at the wind farm. Pomerania). Two further E-101 machines are being installed near Haren (Lower Saxony). Frequency: The WINDBLATT is published three times a year and is regularly enclosed 17 ENERCON in Taiwan to the «new energy», magazine for renewable energies, of the German Three wind farms put into operation. -
Technical Improvements of Windside Wind Turbine Systems
BERTIL BRÄNNBACKA Technical improvements of Windside wind turbine systems ACTA WASAENSIA 328 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 3 Reviewers Professor Jorma Kyyrä School of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation P.O. Box 13000 00076 Aalto Finland Professor Ola Carlson Chalmers University of Technology Energy and Environment SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden III Julkaisija Julkaisupäivämäärä Vaasan yliopisto Elokuu 2015 Tekijä(t) Julkaisun tyyppi Bertil Brännbacka Monografia Julkaisusarjan nimi, osan numero Acta Wasaensia, 328 Yhteystiedot ISBN Vaasan yliopisto 978-952-476-634-0 (painettu) Teknillinen tiedekunta 978-952-476-635-7 (verkkojulkaisu) Sähkö- ja energiatekniikan ISSN yksikkö 0355-2667 (Acta Wasaensia 328, painettu) Pl 700 2323-9123 (Acta Wasaensia 328, verkkojulkaisu) 65101 Vaasa 1799-6961 (Acta Wasaensia. Sähkötekniikka 3, painettu) 2343-0532 (Acta Wasaensia. Sähkötekniikka 3, verkkojulkaisu) Sivumäärä Kieli 159 Englanti Julkaisun nimike Teknisiä parannuksia Windside-tuulivoimaloihin Tiivistelmä Tuulivoiman käyttö on kasvanut tasaisesti, koska ympäristötietoisuus on lisääntynyt ja vastuullinen energiantuotanto vaikuttaa kaikkiin ihmisiin. Kierteisiä pystyakselisia tuulivoimaloita käytetään usein ladattaessa akkuja automaattisilla sääasemilla, vapaa- ajan rakennuksissa jne. On erittäin toivottavaa, että tuulivoimala toimii suurella hyö- tysuhteella mahdollisimman paljon. Akkujen lataus tuulivoimaloissa on sekä alhaisilla että suurilla tuulennopeuksilla haastavaa. Näin ollen tämän tutkimuksen päätavoitteena on löytää -
Fault-Ride Trough Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 and Type 4 Models of Different Wind Turbine Manufacturers
energies Article Fault-Ride Trough Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 and Type 4 Models of Different Wind Turbine Manufacturers Andrés Honrubia-Escribano 1,* , Francisco Jiménez-Buendía 2 , Jorge Luis Sosa-Avendaño 2, Pascal Gartmann 3, Sebastian Frahm 4, Jens Fortmann 5 , Poul Ejnar Sørensen 6 and Emilio Gómez-Lázaro 1 1 Renewable Energy Research Institute and DIEEAC-ETSII-AB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain 2 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, S.A., 31621 Pamplona, Spain 3 WRD Wobben Research and Development GmbH, D-26607 Aurich, Germany 4 Senvion GmbH, Überseering 10, 22297 Hamburg, Germany 5 HTW Berlin-University of Applied Sciences, 12459 Berlin, Germany 6 Wind Energy Systems, Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 8216) Received: 19 June 2019; Accepted: 2 August 2019; Published: 7 August 2019 Abstract: The participation of wind power in the energy mix of current power systems is progressively increasing, with variable-speed wind turbines being the leading technology in recent years. In this line, dynamic models of wind turbines able to emulate their response against grid disturbances, such as voltage dips, are required. To address this issue, the International Electronic Commission (IEC) 61400-27-1, published in 2015, defined four generic models of wind turbines for transient stability analysis. To achieve a widespread use of these generic wind turbine models, validations with field data are required. This paper performs the validation of three generic IEC 61400-27-1 variable-speed wind turbine model topologies (type 3A, type 3B and type 4A). -
0613 Eblj Article 2 2005
A Collection of German Occasional Verse, 1701-1743, Mostly from East Frisia Susan Reed In early 2003 the British Library was able to purchase a fine collection of 421 pieces of German occasional writing, overwhelmingly verse but with a handful of prose pieces, printed between 1701 and 1743 and bound into a single large volume (shelfmark RB.23.c.522). Most are from East Frisia or relate to individuals from the region, then an independent principality;1 many have not previously been recorded. An eighteenth-century manuscript index at the front of the volume lists the poems in the thematic order in which they are bound, while at the end is a manuscript author index. (One of the poems in the collection (no. 386) is also in manuscript; all the others are printed.) The collection forms a fascinating resource for the study of occasional verse and its writers, as well as for the history and genealogy of East Frisia, and the history of printing in Northern Germany. The following description is intended as an introduction to the collection and to some of its particular points of interest, based on preliminary examination.2 The work of some forty-four different printers in fifteen different towns can be identified in the collection. Items printed in Aurich, then the capital of East Frisia, predominate, the majority being the work of the court printers Samuel Böttger and Hermann Tapper, but there are also two items (numbers 132, 133) printed in 1701 by another Aurich printer, Matthias Huber, who is not listed in either Josef Benzing’s or David Paisey’s directories of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century German printers.3 Other items in the collection which add to or amend Paisey’s list are a work printed by the Institutum Judaicum in Halle in 1737 (no. -
Vestas Exec: Nordics Show How All Countries Will Become Subsidy-Free
PRODUCED BY RECHARGE OFFICIAL SHOW DAILY DAY ONE Vestas exec: Nordics show how all The era of fast- falling turbine countries will become subsidy-free prices is over, BERND RADOWITZ says Nordex boss Nils de Baar, Vestas’ president he Nordic countries are leading for Central and BERND RADOWITZ Northern Europe the way into a future where Tsubsidy-free onshore wind will The fast and damaging decline of be the norm, Vestas’ Northern and wind turbine prices that has troubled Central Europe president Nils de Baar the industry in recent years has told Recharge. stopped, José Luis Blanco, chief “We believe all markets will go executive of the Nordex Group, told through the same transformation Recharge. from having a regulated feed-in “We see that the rapid decrease in tariff, to going into auctions — prices has come to an end. They are which we see now in a majority of stabilising,” he said. markets — [before] ending up in “We have highly-competitive new merchant environments,” de Baar products tailored for volume as well said in an interview. as for growth markets, and we are “If planning policy allows us to positive that we, and the industry, install the latest and most efficient can expect better prices in the technology with scale, then we coming years.” believe the technology will take us to most economic source of energy. We an order for a merchant project in His view is supported by Wood merchant onshore wind projects. believe that will be the future.” Finland last year. CONTINUED on Page 3 Vestas | “Some countries will take longer, De Baar’s comments came after Subsidy-free projects in but eventually all will get there. -
In This Issue We Focus on Key Market and Regulatory Development Topics in the UK, Australia and the USA
Nigel Cornwall Director 01603 604 406 [email protected] NEW MARKETS 02 In this issue we focus on key market and regulatory development topics in the UK, Australia and the USA. GB moves towards market-wide half hourly settlement In the UK, we look at the business case for the newly-renamed, Community energy in England market-wide half-hourly settlement project proposed by Ofgem, and surges – for now the implications for the energy system and customers. We also look at Power Ledger: Bringing Australian communities into the the state of community energy in the UK on the cusp of major changes market to subsidies, and a new innovative project fronted by SPEN around Pursuing different grid pathways local flexibility. to integration of wind and solar In Australia, as energy prices continue to rise, we look closer at the FUTURE NETWORKS 10 National Energy Market and recent price spikes in Victoria, and the National Energy Guarantee, which is currently under review by the Power networks require new innovation framework: OIES Energy Security Board. We also look at some interesting partnerships SPEN leads GB trials for smart being forged by Power Ledger in Australia in their mission to deliver platform energy system democratisation. Study explores international lessons for GB system operator Meanwhile, in the USA, we focus on the regulation of retail LOW-CARBON, HEAT & competition, and how various States vary in their approach, based on 13 TRANSPORT excellent new research by Professor Stephen Littlechild. We also take EV sales volume to reach 25mn a look at carbon trading in North America.