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Wai 2180 3.3.55 Wai 2180, #3.3.55 IN THE WAITANGI TRIBUNAL WAI 2180 IN THE MATTER of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 AND IN THE MATTER of the Taihape: Rangitikei ki Rangipō inquiry CLAIMANT GENERIC CLOSING SUBMISSIONS ON CULTURAL TAONGA Dated: 12 October 2020 ~ Tamak.iLegal ~ ANNETTE S.arrlslers & Solicitors SYKES & Co. barristers & solicitors Level 2, Cuilam Building, 15 Osterley Way, 8 – Unit 1 Marguerita Street, Rotorua, 3010 Manukau, Auckland 2104 Phone: 07-460-0433 PO Box 75517, Manurewa Auckland 2243 Fax: 07-460-0434 P. 09 263 5240 Email: [email protected] / E. [email protected] / [email protected] [email protected] Counsel Acting: Darrell Naden / Annette Sykes / Camille Dougherty Ware Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5 TREATY PRINCIPLES ......................................................................................................... 6 Tino Rangatiratanga .................................................................................................... 6 Active protection .......................................................................................................... 8 Partnership ................................................................................................................... 9 Consultation ............................................................................................................... 10 Right to Development ................................................................................................ 11 THE CROWN POSITION .................................................................................................... 11 LEVEL ONE: RESPONSE TO TRIBUNAL STATEMENT OF ISSUES............................... 12 Issue 19.1: In general, has the Crown introduced its own institutions into the inquiry district contrary to the wishes of Taihape Māori? If Taihape Māori expressed their opposition, how did the Crown respond? Did the Crown breach any Treaty duties by introducing such institutions? ......................................................................................... 13 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 13 Crown land purchasing scheme ...................................................................................... 14 Opposition expressed by Taihape Māori .......................................................................... 14 Pukawa and Kingitanga ............................................................................................... 15 Hawkes Bay Hui........................................................................................................... 17 Native Land Laws ............................................................................................................ 18 Native Land Act 1865 ................................................................................................... 18 Native Land Court ........................................................................................................ 19 Poutu Hui ........................................................................................................................ 21 Torrens System ............................................................................................................... 22 Turangarere and Parikino Hui .......................................................................................... 23 Other Hui ......................................................................................................................... 24 Ngati Hokohē ................................................................................................................... 24 Kotahitanga ..................................................................................................................... 25 Rees-Carroll Commission ................................................................................................ 26 Stout-Ngata Commission ................................................................................................. 27 Crown considerations ...................................................................................................... 28 Consultation ................................................................................................................. 29 Commissions ............................................................................................................... 29 Māori politicians ........................................................................................................... 29 Rangatira ..................................................................................................................... 29 Crown breaches of Treaty duties ..................................................................................... 30 1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 30 Issues 19.2: Are the following taonga of Taihape Māori, in terms of the Treaty? ........ 30 1. Wāhi tapu, urupā and sites of significance; and ..................................................... 30 2. Rongoā and its application. ...................................................................................... 30 Definition of Taonga ........................................................................................................ 31 Mōkai Pātea Taonga ....................................................................................................... 33 Wāhi Tapu, Urupā and Sites of Significance .................................................................... 37 Rongoā Māori and its Application .................................................................................... 38 Issue 19.3: In respect of any of the above that are taonga: ........................................... 39 a. What was the Crown’s duty, if any, to protect these taonga? ................................ 39 b. Has the Crown met its duty? If not, what specific examples are there of legislation, policy and practices of the Crown that have failed to protect taonga? ..... 39 Duty of Active Protection ................................................................................................. 40 Duty of Partnership .......................................................................................................... 41 Tino Rangatiratanga ........................................................................................................ 42 Crown duties in relation to taonga for Taihape Māori ....................................................... 44 Mana and Kaitiakitanga ................................................................................................... 46 Destruction and Desecration of Wāhi Tapu ..................................................................... 47 Suppression of Tohunga ................................................................................................. 47 Maurini Haines-Winiata ................................................................................................ 49 Neville Lomax .............................................................................................................. 50 Misinterpretation of Taonga ............................................................................................. 51 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 51 Issue 19.4: What is the Crown’s duty with respect to tikanga Māori under the Treaty? Has tikanga been given effect or otherwise acknowledged by the Crown in Taihape?52 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 52 He Taonga ...................................................................................................................... 52 Crown acknowledgment and treatment of tikanga ........................................................... 56 Parliamentary Supremacy ............................................................................................... 57 Tikanga Māori and the common law ................................................................................ 57 Adjusting the English common law .................................................................................. 60 Criminal law ..................................................................................................................... 64 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 65 19.5: To what extent, if any, did legislation enacted by the Crown interfere with the retention and development of tikanga for Taihape Māori? ............................................ 66 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 66 Legislation ....................................................................................................................... 66 Native Exemption Ordinance 1844 ............................................................................... 66 2 Resident Magistrate Courts Ordinance 1846 ................................................................ 67 New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 ............................................................................
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