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Prvi Radnicki Savjet nPEACTABJLEHA HhbUTA U VIJEĆU SAVEZA SINDIKA- TA DALMACIJE „nPBM PAflHMHKM CABJET“ Cjihtit, 26. jyHa (TaHjyr) rioBOflOM o6ejie>KaBaK»a AaHa ca- MoyrtpaBjtaHa JyrocjiaBHje AaHac Promocija „Prvog je y CnjiiiTy npeACTBBJbeHo APyro AonyH»eHo M3flaHbe KH>nre „IIpBH paAHHHKH caBjeTu hm ju je ayTop HOBMHap u ny6jimtMCT ¿paryTMH radničkog savjeta“ rprypeBPih. ,H;pyro H3AaH>e OBe kh>m- SPLIT, 26. VI - Predsjedavajući re uiTaMnaHO je Ha MHHititjaTHBy Međuopćinskog vijeća Saveza sindikata MHCTHTyTa 3a xncTopnjy paAHMHKor Dalmacije Marijano Smoljan predstavio noKpeia AaJiMaupije Koje je Aony- je danas javnosti drugo dopunjeno izda­ BbeHO HeKinvr hobmm ca3HaH>MMa o nje knjige Dragutina Grgurevića „Prvi noneitMMa caMoynpaBjBaH»a y Jyro- radnički savjet”. Prve primjerke knjige cjiaBMjrr. TenomiTe je čaneHO Ha na svečanosti u Skupštini Zajednice općina autor je uručio članovima prvog . JU;aAMartMjy, jep CBe HHAHitHje tobo- radničkog savjeta u Jugoslaviji koji je u r pe Aa je ime ja o noneitiiMa caMO- solinskoj tvornici cementa ,,Prvoborac” ynpaBJbaH>a Hacrajia ynpaBO y Aaji- formirao krajem 1949. godine. Knjigu Maitnjii. je objavio Institut za historiju radni­ KHbnry je npeACTaBHO MapnjaHO čkog pokreta Dalmacije. CMOJbaH, npeAcjeAaBajyhH Meijyon- (T. P.) hMHCKoj BHjeha CaBe3a cMHAMKaTa XpBaTCKe 3a AaAMamitjy. 1 DVOLIČNE VIJESTI REPRIZA Na Festivalu djeteta u Šibeniku sve se mijenja: repertoar, ansambli, teme za okrugli stol . Jedino se Drago PUTNIKO VIĆ reprizira već dvadesetak godina. PROMOCIJA U Međuopćinskom vijeću saveza sindikata Dalmacije promovirana je knjiga „Prvi radnički savjet” . Autor knjige Dragutin Grgurević zvani DANDE nije znao odgovoriti na pitanje: „Koja je ovo promocija po redu? " BIBLIOTEKA MONOGRAFIJE Uredništvo Marko Andrijić, Miroslav Curin, Petar Krolo, Vladimir Sabolić, Slavenka Tomašević, Gordana Tudor, Vlasta Višić Urednik GORDANA TUDOR Glavni i odgovorni urednik Mir o sl a v Cu r in Recenzija RAJKO DOBRIJEVIĆ DRAGUTIN GRGUREVIĆ PRVI RADNIČKI SAVJET DRUGO DOPUNJENO IZDANJE INSTITUT ZA HISTORIJU RADNIČKOG POKRETA DALMACIJE SPLIT, 1984. Formiranje prvog radničkog savjeta u tvornici ,.Prvoborac“ u Solinu označilo je početak nove etape u razvoju našeg društva i borbi za ostvarivanje nepo­ sredne vlasti radničke klase TITO Josip Broz Tito u Narodnoj skupštini FNRJ podnosi ekspoze o uvođenju radničkog samoupravljanja u Jugoslaviji, 27. lipnja 1950. godine PREDGOVOR DRUGOM IZDANJU Drugo dopunjeno i, u manjoj mjeri, prerađeno izdanje ove knjige, nastalo je kao potreba da se osigura nova naklada i zadovolji interes novog broja čitalaca i korisnika ove građe. Prvo izdanje ove monografije 0 pionirima samoupravljanja u našoj zemlji, objavljeno je u izdanju Marksističkog centra u Splitu 1974. godine, u nakladi od pet tisuća pri­ mjeraka. Naročiti interes za ovo popularno štivo pokazali su radnici »Dalmacijacementa«, sindikalne organizacije, studenti i đaci visokih ško­ la, fakulteta društvenih i političkih nauka, kružoka i svi oni koji proučavaju ili se interesiraju za razvoj našeg društva i samoupravnog sistema u Jugoslaviji. Zapažen interes pokazale su sindikalne organi­ zacije iz mnogih zemalja svijeta, novinari i publicisti koji prate jugo- goslavensku praksu već decenijama. Autor je u ovom drugom izdanju upotpunio neke dijelove teksta koje je sakupio u međuvremenu i smatrao da su neophodni u osvjetlja­ vanju iziyjesnih perioda kako iz početaka samoupravne prakse u nas tako 1 ocjena i analiza iz prakse prvih radničkih savjeta. Time će se upotpu­ niti neke praznine kako u pisanoj riječi tako i fotografijama koje su najbolje svjedočanstvo nekih zbivanja u počecima razvoja naše zemlje i praksi upravljanja radnika svojim tvornicama. Uvodni tekst dra Ivana Perića sinteza je prakse koja je postala ne­ oboriva stvarnost u našoj zemlji. IZDAVAČ 9 IVAN PERIC RADNIČKO SAMOUPRAVLJANJE — IZRAZ PRAKSE, HISTORIJSKE USMJERENOSTI I OSTVARENJA SOCIJA­ LISTIČKE REVOLUCIJE U JUGOSLAVIJI I UVODNE NAZNAKE Prvi radnički savjet formiran u tvornici cementa »Prvoborac« u So­ linu 29. XII 1949. godine, označava početak prakse radnika kojom se nadilazi prosto izvršavanje radnih zadataka i preuzima odgovornost za ukupno funkcioniranje i razvoj u tvornici. Ovaj čin za tadašnje rad­ nike »Prvoborca«, nije bio ništa izuzetan. Smatrali su da kolektivni rad u tvornici, koja više nije vlasništvo kapitalista, zahtjeva od njih an­ gažiranje na onim pitanjima koja su im zajednička i od čijeg rješava­ nja zavisi budućnost sviju. Ipak, ovaj čin, na širem, opće jugoslaven­ skom planu, otvara proces uključivanja proizvođača, koji rade na dru­ štvenim sredstvima za proizvodnju, u nov i historijski vid neprekidne revolucionarne aktivnosti koji je označen skupnim nazivom — samoupra vijanje. Kao što je poznato šest mjeseci kasnije donesen je zakon o radni­ čkom samoupravljanju. Od tada se cjelokupni društveni i politički raz­ voj u Jugoslaviji zasniva na samoupravnoj koncepciji. Samoupravljanje i kao društveni odnos i trajna orijentacija razvoja u Jugoslaviji, postalo je historijska činjenica, bitna karakteristika ju­ goslavenskog društva. Više se ne može isključiti iz društvenog bića Ju­ goslavije, a da se ne dovede u pitanje i sama Jugoslavija. Bilo koja dru­ ga alternativa za Jugoslaviju i njen unutarnji razvoj više nije moguća, a da se ne dovede u pitanje i sam opstanak Jugoslavije. Ostaje trajno otvoreno pitanje — sve potpunijeg razvijanja i ostvarivanja samoup­ ravljanja. U ovom sklopu samoupravljanje zahtijeva i svoje što jasnije pojmo­ vno određenje. Zašto? Ako nije moguća druga alternativa unutrašnjeg 11 razvoja Jugoslavije, moguće je da se formalno prihvaća samoupravlja­ nje, ali da se u praksi uspostavljaju i brane odnosi, koji su suprotni njegovoj prirodi i da se usporava ili onemogućava razvoj jugoslaven­ skog društva kao socijalističkog i samoupravnog. Naime, u našem dosadašnjem razvoju aktivirale su se i djelovale različite društvene snage koje su nametale nesocijalističke koncepcije razvoja i bile u sukobu sa osnovnim vrijednostima socijalističkog samo­ upravljanja. Aktivirale su se i djelovale snage koje su nametale kon­ cepciju vlasti poslovnih struktura u privredi. Druge su inzistirale na ja­ čanju državne organizacije. U određenim fazama našeg razvoja nametao se je nacionalizam kao rješenje društvenih problema. No, sve ove sna­ ge su isticale ne samo da prihvaćaju samoupravljanje, nego da baš kon­ cepcije koje one zastupaju jesu samoupravne i da omogućuju samouprav­ ljanje. Samoupravljanje trebamo pojmovno odrediti i radi našeg razmatra­ nja, odnosno ocjenjivanja dosadašnjeg razvoja. Ako smo načisto što je samoupravljanje i u svojim historijskim relacijama i u našem sadašnjem djelovanju i življenju onda ćemo moći bolje da ocjenjujemo: dostignuća u dosadašnjem razvoju, daljnje mogućnosti i perspektive kao i probleme koji nastaju u praktičnom funkcioniranju samoupravljanja u radnim i životnim sredinama. Iako samoupravljanje u samom nazivu sadrži mogući odgovor na pitanje o kakvoj se društvenoj pojavi radi ipak je na ovo pitanje mo­ gućno i višeznačno odgovoriti. Neki samoupravljanje označavaju kao ob­ lik organizacije rada, drugi u njemu vide mrvljenje društvene cjeline na niz samostalnih dijelova, neki ga vraćaju natrag u stare, patrijarhalne oblike života npr. u porodičnim zadrugama, starim komunalnim zajedni­ cama itd. U ovakvim poimanjima samoupravljanja nije teško prepoznati površno i parcijalno određivanje jedne drušivene pojave koja je i po svojem utemeljenju i po mogućim učincima na ukupan razvoj krupna i složena. Organizacija rada jeste jedna od kvaliteta samoupravljanja pošto je utemeljeno u društvenom radu i otvara mogućnosti temeljni- jeg mijenjanja položaja ljudi u radu u smislu njihovog pretvaranja faktora proizvodnje, sa kojima se manipulira, u aktivni subjekt, samou­ pravljanje mora mijenjati i naslijeđenu organizaciju rada. To mijenjanje je njegova funkcija, a ne i bitna karakteristika. Pošto uključuje ljude u društvenom pradu i u drugim oblicima zajedništva, u procese odluči­ vanja samoupravljanje pretpostavlja uže, osnovne, dijelove društvenog rada i oblika života u koje je takvo neposredno uključivanje moguće. Ali to nije mrvljenje društvene cjeline nego utemeljivanje te cjeline na aktivnoj poziciji radnika i ostalih radnih ljudi, stvaranja ljudske zaje­ dnice odozdo od neposrednih interesa i stremljenja ljudi. Patrijarhalni oblici života su prevladani i sve se više prevladavaju. Samoupravljanje kao društvena pojava koja nastaje i djeluje na ostvare­ njima modernog radničkog pokreta i usmjereno je na razvijanje teko­ vina ljudske civilizacije, najmanje se može poistovjećivati s onim što je društvo u svojem ukupnom razvoju prevladalo. Međutim, samoupra­ vljanje sadrži i razvija određene kvalitete zajedništva kao što su: rav­ 12 nopravnost u odlučivanju, uzajamnost i solidarnost i si. što se može uka­ zivati na izvjesne sličnosti s naprijed pomenutim patrijarhalnim oblicima. U samoupravljanju treba prvenstveno sagledavati samoorganiziranje i samodjelatnost ljudi u radu i ostalim oblicima zajedništva. Ono ozna­ čava uspostavljanje i razvijanje takvog odnosa u kojem ljudi, ne poje­ dinci nego udruženi, sami preuzimaju funkcije koje su od njih bile otuđene, bile su izvan njih i djelovale su nasuprot njima. Nosioci tako otuđenih funkcija bili su vlasnici kapitala odnosno njihovi opunomoće­ nici, kasnije država i njena organizacija. Ovdje se radi o upravljanju radom i odlučivanju o upotrebi rezultata zajedničkog rada. Nastajanjem kapitalizma kao načina proizvodnje, tu funkciju vrši vlasnik kapitala. Kasnijim razvojem, kada nastaju
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