1162 authorities continued to deny that cholera existed, though been at Haskeui, and in the equally low-lying and insanitary the Turkish, American, Spanish, and other Consuls were quarters of Cassim Pasha and Fundukli. The cases have, delivering "foul" bills of health. Finally, at the end of however, been very widely scattered through all, or a greater September it was officially declared that 2 cases of cholera part of, this large city, which, with its suburbs, spreads from and 1 death had occurred in Naples. the Marmara to the Black Sea, and includes the Asiatic shores of the and some of the Cholera in Bosphorus (for distance) Bulgaria. Marmara. From three to seven cases are still being reported Up to the present the only mention of cholera in Bulgaria daily, and it may be suspected that slight cases occur which has been the report of a death on Sept. 8th from what was do not come to the knowledge of the authorities. It may be believed to be the disease on board a Hungarian ship at noted, however, that the total mortality in the city during Samovit, a Bulgarian port on the Danube. the past few weeks has not shown any marked tendency to rise. Cholera in Roumania. Cholera in Persia. As in Hungary and Bulgaria, so in Roumania, cholera seems Early in August cholera appeared in the Russian port of to have been confined to the of the Danube. mainly valley Astara on the Caspian Sea, but it was not till the middle of Only very few cases have occurred. On Sept. 7th there was the month that the Persian port of Astara became infected. a (suspicious) death of a woman at Galatz, and on the 17th a At Ardebil the disease broke out in July and continued to suspicious case at Tchernavoda, 64 kilometres from Kustendje ; prevail through August ; the returns from this town have but in both these cases the evidence was bacteriological been very imperfect, but between August lst and 10th there the 19th a case occurred at negative. On suspicious were 66 cases and 29 deaths among its inhabitants, who on the 13th and 19th two cases were Corabia; suspicious number about 30,000. In July the governor of Ardebil seen at Braila, and one of these was confirmed by the results reported that cholera existed at Hassan Barough, Niase, and of at Galatz a bacteriological investigations. Finally guard Nir, on the Ardebil-Tabriz road ; on July 19th it was reported on the landing-stage of the Italian line of steamers died from from Dare-Djaz and Kelat-i-Nadiri in the province of cholera on and here also there was Sept. 12th, bacteriological Khorassan. On August 15th cholera was present in Sorab, a of the nature of the disease. confirmation town of 10,000 inhabitants on the Ardebil-Tabriz road, and Cholera in Asiatic Turkey. for some time from 10 to 15 cases occurred there daily. The disease was also from and near With cholera the Russian shores of the reported Nedjan Velazguerd, prevalent along and from near Sorab. Until later and Black in the of Ardebil, Djounta, Sea, ports Sevastopol, Odessa, Taganrog, fuller are received it is to know and it is not reports impossible exactly Theodosia, Nikolaiefsk, Kertch, Poti, Batum, the extent of Persian invaded the or the that the infection has to territory by disease, surprising spread the parts of Asia of the in different of that Russian intensity epidemic portions Minor adjoining territory. Since the middle of territory. cases of the disease have been seen July several imported Constantinople, Oct. 5th. on steamers or sailing ships arriving from Russian ports at Trebizond, Surmene (close to the Turko-Russian frontier), Sinope, Kavak (at the entrance of the Bosphorus), and other ports. In the town of Trebizond the earliest cases were seen THE QUATERCENTENARY OF JOANNES on Sept. 16th, when 6 cases with 2 deaths were recorded in CAIUS. four different houses. The disease soon spread here ; on the 18th there were 6 cases the reservists called among newly ON Oct. 6th, the of the birth to the colours, and on the 21st there were 12 cases in the Thursday, quatercentenary of John Caius was celebrated at Gonville and Caius local prison. The has since prevailed in the town, College, epidemic of which he was the second and most among the reservists, and in the prison, and down to Cambridge, College munificent founder. The occasion was made a Sept. 25th there had been in all 127 (registered) cases and largely medical one, and the for this was abundant. 64 deaths. Of the cases 40 had occurred in the justification prison. the of has The infection appears to have the land frontier Although University Cambridge always kept passed before her as her ideal a broad academic rather between Russia and towards the end of July ; on the training Turkey than a and this is 20th of that month 2 sudden deaths occurred in a batch of professional equipment, although the ideal of those at in authority 210 persons crossing the frontier at Keutek. It was not, distinctly present over Gonville and Caius, the second founder of however, until a month later that the disease spread in the yet the was a and also neighbouring vilayet of Erzerum. On August 22nd 3 cases college great physician president of a medical John Caius in his day and 2 deaths were recorded in the village of Vekil Khan, great corporation. was an embodiment of the widest as well as three from Erzerum, and 2 suspicious cases in learning days’ journey an of he was a fine Erzerum itself. In the week ending August 26th 21 cases exponent professional wisdom ; scholar and once been a of and 13 deaths had been recorded in the vilayet; in the week had, indeed, professor Greek; but it was as a court that he made the 2nd there were 18 cases and 26 in that physician large ending Sept. deaths ; fortune which enabled him to re-establish the ancient ending Sept. 9th 13 cases and 6 deaths ; in that ending Gonville Hall on lordly lines, and to with it his Sept. 16th 48 cases and 30 deaths; and in that ending incorporate new of Caius. Caius moreover, not 23rd 224 cases and 138 deaths. In the last two bulletins college was, only Sept. President of the of of but the figures, relate to the vilayets of Erzerum and Van Royal College Physicians London, was at one time to St. Bartholomew’s together. In the last bulletin the names of 23 villages are physician Hospital, within the of the it was included in the list; that most severely affected was the residing precincts hospital ; therefore that to the commemora- village of Nardjan, where 130 cases of cholera with 80 deaths particularly fitting had occurred. tion of his 400th birthday the Master and authorities of his should invite to take in the The of on the Black Sea-important as college part proceed- port Zunguldak, the official heads of the medical being the port for the large coal mines of Eregli (Heraclia)— ings profession. Science in as well as that of was has recently become infected. Since Sept. 28th 10 cases general, indeed, medicine, well at the as is have occurred there among arrivals from Constantinople and represented commemoration, sufficiently inhabitants of the port. shown by enumerating some of the distinguished guests who were at on the occasion : Professor Sir Mention may also be made of a death at Basra, present Cambridge suspicious Clifford Allbutt, F.R.S. Professor of in the near the head of the Persian Gulf, but there is as no (Regius Physic yet of Sir W. T. confirmation of the belief that this was a case of cholera. University Cambridge), Allchin, Sir Barlow, F. R. S. (President of the Royal College of Physicians of Cholera in Constantinople. London), Rev. Dr. Bonney, F.R.S. (President of the British Apart from rumours and unconfirmed cases, the first case Association), Dr. J. B. Bradbury (Downing Professor of of undoubted cholera in this city (confirmed bacteriologically) Medicine in the University of Cambridge), Mr. H. T. Butlin was declared on Sept. 19th ; the illness had apparently (President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England), begun on the 13th and the patient (a woman) died on the Sir Francis Champneys (chairman of the Central Midwives 17th. This case occurred in the low-lying and specially Board), Sir William Church, Sir Anderson Critchett, Professor insanitary quarter of Haskeui, near the tip of the Golden Howard Marsh (Master of Downing College and Professor of Horn. Down to Oct. 4th there have been in all 69 cases Surgery in the University of Cambridge), the Bishop of Ely, with 34 deaths. The principal " foyers " of the disease have Dr. W. Ewart, Dr. J. Kingston Fowler, Sir A. Geikie 1163

(President of the Royal Society), Dr. F. de Havilland Hall, Professor Jackson, O.M., F.B.A. (Regius Professor of Greek THE CORONERSHIP FOR THE CENTRAL in the University of Cambridge), Dr. F. G. Kenyon, F.B.A. DISTRICT OF THE METROPOLIS. (Director of the British Museum), Sir Joseph Larmor (secre- tary of the Royal Society), Dr. P. W. Latham, Dr. E. Liveing, Dr. Norman Moore (senior physician to St. Bartholomew’s IN connexion with the appointment of a successor to Dr. Hospital), Dr. J. A. Ormerod, Professor W. Osler, F.R.S. G. Danford Thomas, the late coroner for the Central District (Regius Professor of Medicine in the University of Oxford), of the metropolis, the London County Council on Oct. llth, Professor W. Ridgeway, F. B. A. (Disney Professor of Arcbse- at the first meeting after the summer recess, received a ology), Dr. Sandys, F.B.A. (Public Orator), and the Vice- report from the Public Control Committee recommending the Chancellor of Cambridge University (Dr. R. F. Scott, the rearrangement of the coroners’ districts in North London. Master of St. John’s College). Under the Coroners Act, 1892, a vacancy must be filled The proceedings commenced with a service in the Caius within three months of its occurrence, so the new appoint- Chapel, at which the Rev. Dr. SWETE, Regius Professor of ment must be made not later than Nov. 5th. In conseqaence Divinity in the University of Cambridge and Fellow of the of the large size of the central coroner’s district the com- College, delivered an excellent address on the fruitfulness of mittee in 1891 decided that the district should be divided an alliance between scholarship and medicine as exemplified into two at a suitable opportunity, division to be made as in the persons of St. Luke and John Caius. Following upon nearly as possible on the basis of the number of inquests. the service came the commemoration banquet, at which 162 Owing to the Council being in recess when the present persons sat down in hall, under the presidency of the Rev. vacancy occurred time would not permit of the necessary E. S. Roberts, Master of the College, who was supported by steps being taken before Nov. 5th to effect an alteration of the Bishop of Ely (Dr. F. H. Chase, formerly President of the boundaries of the district. The committee proposed, Qaeens’ College), the Vice-Chancellor, the Master of Corpus, therefore, that a coroner should be appointed to the district the Master of Magdalene, the Master of Sydney-Sussex, the as at present constituted but at a salary based upon the work Public Orator of the University, and the Mayor of Cam- in the portion of the district which would be left to him after bridge. The rest of those present were mainly past and the boundaries had been rearranged. present members of the College, among whom were a large The Council in 1895 passed a series of resolutions directed proportion of Doctors of Medicine in the University. After to improving the conditions under which the duties of dinner the grace and anthem composed by Dr. Charles Wood, coroners were performed. It was then pointed out .that in Mus. Doc., and a Fellow of the College, was rendered by the London there were ten coroners whose duties and salaries choir from the new gallery of the dining-hall, to which ladies varied considerably ; that it appeared probable that a smaller were admitted to hear the speeches. number would suffice under new arrangements ; and that it The MASTER having proposed the loyal toasts, Dr. J. VENN, would be more dignified if the position of coroners approxi- the President of the College, delivered an eloquent address mated more nearly to that of stipendiary magistrates with to the memory of John Caius. Speaking without notes and districts about equal in amount of work, and salaries not seldom pausing for word or phrase, Dr. Venn told the moving dependent on the number of inquests held, and with proper story of Caius’ career in a manner which must have left its courts, including a clerk and other officials necessary in a imprint on all those who heard him. He described the court of inquiry. Therecent Departmental Committee largely boundless generosity of the man, his courage in adversity, endorsed this view, and a Rill now before the House of his unceasing intention to benefit those who, urged by Commons put the matter in a definite shape. As to the new private feelings or by political and religious motives, rebelled appointment, therefore, regard should be had to the possi- within the walls of the college which he had founded against bility of alteration of the law. the rules of the man to whom they owed everything. The committee had come to the conclusion that the The Carmen Catanttm was then sung by the choir, after arrangement foreshadowed in 1891 was hardly desirable, and which the MASTER proposed the health of "The Guests." that instead of forming an additional district certain modifi- He took the toast out of its usual order in signification of cations should be made in the coroners’ districts north of the the fact that those with whose names he coupled it Thames. The boroughs of Paddington and St. Marylebone were present at a commemoration banquet to John Caius should be transferred from the Central to the Western in circumstances of particular aptness, for Sir Thomas District, and the portion of Finsbury known as the parish of Barlow was President of the College where Caius had St. Luke should be transferred from the North-Eastern to once presided, and Dr. Norman Moore was senior physician the Central District. This rearrangement would divide the to the hospital where Caius had once lived and worked. work about equally between the four coroners’ districts north Sir THOMAS BARLOW, in a brief reply, alluded in terms of the Thames, and the work of each district, the committee that were very acceptable to all his hearers to the theory thought, would not be beyond the powers of a coroner who- of training which the University of Cambridge had set devoted his whole time to the duties of his office. The new before herself in her desire to abate none of her industry in Western District would comprise Hammersmith, Fulham, respect of the old learning, while resolving also to keep Kensington, Chelsea, Paddington. and St. Marylebone, with abreast with the new learning. Dr. NORMAN MOORE, in an an aggregate population of 839.024, a total of deaths in 1909 admirable speech, reminded the audience that Caius was the of 11 220, and an average number of inquests during five years first of three great founders of homes of learning, all of whom of 1035. The new Central District would contain Hampstead, were members of the medical profession, the other two being St. Pancras, Islington, Holborn, and Finsbury, with a p pula- John Radcliffe, whose devises to Oxford led to the foundation tion of 831.903. a total of deaths of 11,927, and an average of the Radcliffe Library, the Radcliffe Fellowships, and number of inquests of 1118. the Radcliffe Infirmary, and Sir Hans Sloane, whose With regard to remuneration, the committee stated that it bequest of his splendid collections to the nation in return had been the practice to calculate a coroner’s salary upon the for a moderate sum of money was the origin of the British basis of a definite sum per inquest and the average number Museum. Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE then proposed prosperity of inquests held, but the committee proposed that a departure to the University of Cambridge, whose services to science he should be made from this practice. Hitherto the basis had as President of the Royal Society was happy to acknow- been 30s. per inquest until the salary reached .f.1350, but no ledge, and this toast was fitly coupled, not only with salary went beyond that amount unless the average number the name of the Vice-Chancellor of the University, of inquests held on a ba,is of 21s. per inquest would produce but with that of Professor Henry Jackson, the Regius a higher salary. The Parlier basis of 1 6s. 8d. per inquest, Professor of Greek. Here, again, the reply was invited with an allowance of 9d a mile for travelling expenses, had from a particularly apprnpriate person, seeing that the been reverted to in the case of some of the districts The com- feast was in honour of Caius, for there is no doubt, not mittee recommended that thp salary of the new coroner for the only from known historical facts, but also from the evidence of Central District should hp 1250 a year, this amount to be m1DB8}ripts that Caius was a very good Greek scholar. The regarded as including £ 250 to meet the expenses of the toast of "Prosperity to the College" having been proposed office, comprising pavmrnt of deputy, provision of cffice by the Bishop of ELY, was replied to by the MASTER accommodation, clerical help, &c If the Council made the Good weather, good speaking, and great hospitality com- proposed rearrangement of districts, additional work would bined to make the commemoration a notable event in the fall upon Dr. C. Lnxmoore Drew, the coroner for the Western medical world. District, whose salary should be raised from E1126 to &1400.