SPIEKERMANN TRAVEL - HISTORICAL MOMENTS

TRIPS CATALOGUE 2021- 2022

Starting the Next Chapter

The last few weeks I spent a good amount of time flow of business, the way we restructured our tour thinking about the current year, the upcoming one, components and managed them during times of and the opportunities we have ahead of us. Though uncertainty, and what restrictions might be imposed this year was a difficult one because of the pandemic, by the host countries to ensure safety in hotels, we have managed to survive financially largely due restaurants, museums, safety seating within vehicles, to our record over the last few years which was and any other preventive measures that must be highly successful due to your trust in us and your observed within closed sites. patronage of our company. These lockdown months Our greatest satisfaction during the summer months of 2020 allowed us the time to clean house, review was the wide laudable response of our esteemed our plans of scheduled destinations, and prepare to clients to the series of lectures that we offered. The begin our activities with fresh energy; and over the lecturers who graciously offered to give talks in their upcoming months we will continue to cement our fields of expertise have positively nourished our tours for 2021 and 2022 as we move forward. We clients with knowledge, with positive dreams and also invested time and effort to redo our web site in with the joy of savoring, albeit only in a virtual sense, a new fresh-looking branding style. In short, we have a small part of what they experience in fact when put the forced lockdown to good use: We have they are actually on the road. The success of these conducted an extensive examination of our vision, lectures has encouraged us to plan a few additional mission, and strategic plans in order to be better able ones in October and November. Hence, starting on to serve you. But, as in all human endeavors, despite Sunday October 25th, we shall have every Sunday a our best efforts, our work in creating the new web lecture at 4.00 PM EST and you will get an email site is subject to errors, therefore we would be most soon defining the topics and speakers. grateful if whenever and wherever you detect any to please draw our attention to it. Despite how harsh and cruel 2020 turned up to be, Over the past months our team made an we have great hope and optimism for 2021 and extraordinary effort to pivot much of our work to a 2022. Here under is a brief sketch of some of what is planned for these two years: digital platform. As we consider our digital future, we added an option for you to settle your trip The trips that are already showing clear initial signs invoices online through our web site by paying by of success are: Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq tours; check as ACH; also we are aiming to reduce the almost every future departure to them is full. number of physically mailed documents so we save Pakistan has been very popular in the past years, and time and postage expenses. We, therefore, urge you we offer various trips there, some covering just the all to share with us your email address so that Northern part with its splendid mountains along the newsletters and updates can reach you in a timely Hunza Valley and the Karakorum Highway. Others manner. We hope and expect that our new electronic focus on the southern part covering the system will be fully functional in 2021. archaeological marvels of the Indus Valley. Having

September ushered a promise that things are about been to both North and South Pakistan on two to change for the better. We finally have a tour (to different occasions, I am now an avid lover of this Eastern Turkey), the first since last March, confirmed destination, and have therefore decided next May to start the first half of October. This will provide us (2021) to joining my dear friend Michel Behar on the with “first-hand” experience how the travel world new program we offer which shall cover Western now looks like after this long hiatus. I am personally Pakistan, Swat Valley, Chitral Mountains and the unique Kalash Pagan festival. joining the tour for a week to get a real feel of the

Our other tour that has proven to be popular is Horn Another story of many successes is our Saudi of Africa (HOA), which has nicely filled up in the past, Arabia tours. We have for years pioneered this despite being an arduous adventure due to the destination which was hitherto unknown to the US multiple country crossings and flights between market. For many years we have sent clients there capitals and some long drives along isolated roads in despite the difficulties we had to overcome to obtain unchartered territories. We often repeat this tour in the visa; but now we are glad to announce that the January and in November so for seekers of a real off- Kingdom started offering e-visas. Our tours there are the-beaten-track trip that’s for you (though it usually in March and November and they invariably requires a robust spirit of tolerance and a readiness were filled nicely. So if you want to explore this to deal with unexpected changes). hidden destination, do it now before it gets too

A great piece of news to share is that Egypt is touristy and opens up to mass tourism, that’s your bouncing back beautifully into the top of desirable chance in the next couple of years especially that destinations in 2021 and 2022. To coincide with the now their most renown Nabatean site of Madaiin opening of the Grand Cairo Museum, we have Saleh has opened up again for tourism after being planned a very remarkable tour in February 2021 closed for two years to survey it and put a plan for its that is led by Historian Norman Jones to cover all the protection. There is still an allure in exploring a destination that is not crowded with group tours. classical sites of Egypt (including Nile cruise aboard a small private luxury yacht). Following this, in Last February was my only trip I took in 2020 and it October 2021 we are offering a new program led by was with 16 intrepid travelers who joined me to visit an amazing young lecturer, Iman Abdulfattah; this Mali (and some of them continued to Burkina Faso). I tour caters mainly to people who have been already must say that despite its elevated level of danger, it to Egypt before and covered all its classical sites was one of the most memorable adventures I ever along the Nile Valley because it will take them to took. Flying on a private plane into legendary “seldom-seen” places and will have an in-depth focus Timbuktu for a quick two hour visit accompanied by on Cairo’s Islamic and Coptic legacies and a rather extensive entourage of security personnel architectural masterpieces. Additionally it offers an and armored vehicles was a day to be remembered extensive exploration of Coastal Egypt from Ismailiya forever. We decided to try again Mali in February overlooking the Suez Canal to Rosetta where the 2022 and we shall keep the number of participants famous Rosetta Stone was discovered, to Alexandria, to a maximum of 12 so if you are up to a real wild labelled the “Pearl of the Mediterranean” with is expedition, do not miss reserving this tour which will history rife with Greco-Roman ruins then along the be led again by our capable anthropologist/historian coast to Alamein (site of well-known battles that Mohamed Halouani. turned the tide in favor of the Allies in WWII) to, Needless to say that we have a very appealing finally, the splendid and remote Oasis of Siwa. extensive repertoire of tours lined up for you and it’s Another highly coveted trip is Lebanon and our tours impossible to comment on each one. Therefore, I there have been always successful and filled up. urge you to explore them visually on our web site;

Our trips to the “land of cedars” are usually in March many of them already have slide shows, or attached and October to coincide with optimum weather videos and several have tour-reviews on what the conditions and they all have an extension to trips are all about, so delve into them and send us neighboring Syria. We began offering Syria in 2019 any inquiries you may have about particular ones of interest to you.. just for a couple of days into Damascus and around it, but we now expanded to cover much more of its Finally, we want to remind you of two important glorious sites such as Palmyra, Homs, Aleppo and things: Please post for us a wonderful review on others. GOOGLE and when you do so and the review is

As we always try to introduce new itineraries and posted, we will send you a small token of exciting programs, we are offering now after the appreciation consisting of a $50 gift card. Secondly, good rate of success of our previous tours in Cyprus, please follow us on our Facebook page as we like to Malta and Crete a new program that adds as well two spread the joy of travel to more friends and fabulous Greek Islands that are not only magical in followers. their nature but also filled with historical sites: Santorini and Rhodes; so join us in May 2021 on this Thank you once again for your interest in our remarkable 5-island tour to Malta, Cyprus, Crete, journeys and we look forward to serve you again in the future, and have a fantastic fall season. Santorini and Rhodes. Ihab Zaki & Spiekermann Team

WHERE IN THE WORLD Come and join one of our exceptional adventures

Gabon, CAR, Congo & DRC Nigeria Jan 08 to Jan 22, 2021 Led by David William Jan 13 to 25, 2021 Led by Ihab Zaki, Owner of STS Jan 24 to Feb 07, 2021 Led by Michel Behar Can be combined with our Gabon tour Jan 19 to Feb 02, 2022 Led by David William (Jan 25 to Feb 07, 2021)

Jan 25 to Feb 07, 2022 Led by Michel Behar Jan 09 to 17, 2022 Led by Michel Behar

Feb 04 to 17, 2022 Led by Mohamed Halouani Can be combined with Niger tour (Jan 18 to 24, Travel to some of the least explored parts of Africa 2022) and Gabon tour (Jan 25 to Feb 08, 2022) on this journey visiting these beautiful countries: Discover one of Africa’s most vibrant ancient Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic kingdoms on a trip that will challenge any Republic of Congo & Congo. Gabon features preconceived ideas about Nigeria. The nation has a internationally celebrated masks, such as the recent reputation that discourages many travelers, n'goltang (Fang) and the reliquary figures of the but this tour shows the historic and appealing Kota. Small populations, as well as, oil and mineral cultural legacy of the Odudwa Kingdom that dates reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's to the 1200s and encircles the globe. We begin from wealthier countries. The country has generally Lagos, one of the liveliest cities on Earth, to the been able to maintain and conserve its pristine rain central town of Ilorin, and then on to the coastal forest and rich biodiversity. The CAR consists of town of Badagry, which has secrets to uncover Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also connected to the 17th century slave trade. See how includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in the north and Yoruba culture traveled worldwide from the old an equatorial forest zone in the south. What is the city of Abeokuta, with its grand Afro-Brazilian Central African Republic today has been inhabited buildings, and climb the sacred Olumo Rock, a local for millennia. However, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled holy site. From there, we head to the virtually the country as a colony starting in the late 19th unknown Idanre Hills, to discover a hidden century. The DRC has a wonderful and vibrant city civilization and, in Osogbo, we learn the intricacies called Kinshasa, which you will get to experience. of Yoruba religion from revered priestesses. Our Once was a site of fishing and trading villages, last stop is Ilorin, the last site of the Odudwa Kinshasa is now a mega-city with an estimated dynasty, conquered by Fulani Jihadists in the early population of more than 11 million. Kinshasa has a 18th century, where Islamic life fused with Yoruba flourishing music scene which, since the 1960’s, has culture. (II -**-***) operated under the patronage of the city's elite. The Congolese culture has been influenced by a wide Niger Jan 21 to 30, 2021 Led by Mohamed Halouani variety of natural landscapes, stretching from the savannah plains in the North Niari flooded forests, Feb 06 to 14, 2021 Led by Mohamed Halouani to the great Congo River, to rugged mountains and Jan 18 to 25, 2022 Led by Michel Behar forest of Mayombe, and including 106 miles of Can be combined with Nigeria tour (Jan 09 to 17, beaches along the Atlantic coast. The presence of 2022) and Gabon tour (Jan 25 to Feb 08, 2022) numerous ethnic groups and various political A landlocked country named after the Niger River, structures (the Kongo Empire, the Kingdom of is home to a wide variety of ethnic groups.. The Loango, the Kingdom Teke, and the Northern largest of these groups are the Hausa, followed by chiefdoms) once provided an enormous amount of the Zarma. There are many other nomadic tribes diversity in the traditional cultures as well as in throughout Niger including the Taureg and Fulani. many ancient artistic expressions. Join us to Niger has stunning natural beauty, especially in the discover the magic of Central West Africa. (III-**- Mountain ranges in the north, but also houses a few ***) old trading centers in the Sahara such as Agadez

and Zinder that have a distinct mixture of Arab,

Tuareg, and black African culture. The locals are Whether it’s your first visit or your tenth, this is the also very friendly - don't be surprised if you are perfect time for you to see Egypt, with its incredible invited into someone's home! A wild giraffe herd monuments, temples, artifacts and history. Cruise lives near Koure, which is only around 37 miles along the eternal NILE River in the style of the from Niamey on a paved road. However, you will “belle époque of the early 20th century” on a yacht need a 4x4 vehicle and a guide to get you there. The that was built for the King of Egypt. Witness time giraffes live near many people and are rather standing still evidenced by the rhythm of life along curious and friendly. You can approach within 30 its banks. Visit all of the sites that one expects to feet or so before they become more cautious. You'll see in an itinerary offering an overview of the also see other mammals such as elephants, lions, history of the region. A highlight of this tour is the and hippos at the W Wildlife Reserve. (II-**-**) visit of the newly opened Museum of Antiquities, which is the largest in the world. Visit temples, Chad and Cameroon tombs, pyramids and markets and explore the Nov 29 to Dec 12, 2021 Optional extension to Equatorial Guinea (Dec 12 to Coptic Christian heritage of Egypt as well as its Islamic monuments. Explore Khan el Khalili bazaar 15,2021) in Cairo for a slice of life both past and present. Of Feb 04 to 18, 2022 course, no itinerary would be complete without a Led by Local Tour Guides stop at some of the oldest attractions in the world, Optional extension to Equatorial Guinea (February the colossal pyramids of Giza and the mysterious 18 to 21, 2021) Sphinx. NO trip is complete in Egypt without flying The enormous country of Chad has been one of the to see the most majestic and monumental of its least visited on the continent. Being virtually temples: Abu Simbel. Let this superbly-crafted unexplored adds to its allure. You are unlikely to exploration of Egypt captivate you with the see any other westerners outside of the capital and bountiful treasures of ancient times and the genuine encounters with local people are hospitality of modern natives. (I-****) guaranteed. It is a land that is as wild as it is beautiful, as untamed as it is graceful. A land of rock Saudi Arabia Mar 02 to 16, 2021 Led by Christopher Tuttle arches, of surprising wildlife, and camel caravans Can be combined with our Lebanon tour (Mar 15 to traversing the sands. 24, 2021), or our Gulf & Oman tour (March 15 to 30, Cameroon is home to an astonishing 250 different 2021), Or our Sultanate of Oman tour (March 15 to ethnic groups and some of the most traditional 27, 2021) cultures in Africa. Head to the Alantika Mountains to meet the Koma people and learn about their Nov 06 to 20, 2021 Led by Michel Behar unique customs. Visit the semi nomadic Mbororo Can be combined with Arabian Gulf tour (Oct 23 to communities, all of which maintain strong cultural Nov 07, 2021) practices in the face of ever encroaching modernity. Mar 05 to 18, 2022 Led by Iman R. Abdulfattah The country features a diversity of landscapes, from Can be combined with our Lebanon tour (Mar 18 to the jungles of the south to the Sahel of the north. 26, 2022) and our Gulf States tour (Feb 19 to Mar 05, Our Equatorial Guinea extension will take you to 2022) OR our Oman tour (Feb 23 to Mar 06, 2022) one of the most unusual and unlikely corners of As the birthplace of Islam, Saudi Arabia has been Africa. It is the only place on the continent where shielding itself from the eyes of the west for a long Spain established a significant presence. It is fast time but time has come now that the Kingdom is modernizing but if you scrape the surface of moving in huge steps towards modernization and contemporary culture you can find ancient openness. But this is also a land with a vibrant traditional beliefs. Explore forests and waterfalls; cultural pedigree, aside from its glitzy oil-rich look for turtles laying eggs on the beach and visit modern cities. Amongst the rock-hewn splendors of small villages where old ways are alive. (II-**/***) Madain Saleh and Madain Shoeb, you will explore Nabatean heritage equal to what Petra offers. Most Egypt of the great empires of the ancient world traded Feb 20 to Mar 07, 2021 Led by Norman Jones with the Arabian Kingdoms that commanded the Oct 27 to Nov 11, 2021 Led by Iman Abdulfattah important spice trade routes in the peninsula. Mar 25 to Apr 10, 2022 Led by Geoff Emberling Colorful markets, desert landscapes, coral reefs, rock engravings, ancient monuments, traditional

mud-brick cities, and imposing fortresses are South Pakistan abundant in a country that has so much to offer to Apr 30 to May 08, 2022 Led by Local Guide those who choose to venture in it & explore its Can be combined with Pakistan’s Chitral tour (May enigmatic and intriguing side. (II-***/****) 08 to 20, 2022)

Syria ... In depth tour Pakistan Revisited with Chitral Festival Mar 06 to 16, 2021 Led by Local Guide May 08 to 20, 2022 Led by Norman Jones Can be combined with Arabian Gulf tour (March 15 Can be combined with South Pakistan tour (Apr 30 to to 30, 2021) May 08, 2022) Pakistan shares an eastern border with India and a Oct 18 to 25, 2021 northeastern border with China. Join us as we visit Can be combined with Lebanon tour (Oct 09 to 18, the various villages, local traditional houses, and 2021) historical monuments. Marvel at the breathtakingly Mar 11 to 18, 2022 beautiful scenery as you travel along the Can be combined with Lebanon tour (Mar 18 to 26, Karakorum Highway to the Hunza Valley and 2022) through Besham, Khoistan, Chilas and Gilgit. The Above the layers of antiquity lies a land of high mountain valley of Hunza is located in the mesmerizing beauty and contrasts from the desert extreme north of Pakistan, fortified by the giant surroundings of the ancient city of Palmyra to the mountain ranges of Karakorum, the Himalayas, the green meadows near the castle of Krak des- Hindu-Kush and Pamir through the Wakhan Chevaliers. Begin your tour in Lebanon, a country Corridor. The Indus Valley of south Pakistan is a well-deserving the title of “Switzerland of the East” repository of some of the most ancient sites of then cross into Syria to Damascus, regarded as one civilization and human history. From the Moghul of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the city of Lahore to the cacophony of Karachi’s world. Head west as you leave Damascus for the markets on the Arabian Sea, you will pass through oasis city of Palmyra, home of Queen Zenobia and so many ruins and sites filled with Sufi shrines, north to Syria’s second largest city: Aleppo, and mausoleums, mosques, palaces, and ruins of fabled complete your circular route with stops in Hama ancient cities. (III - ***/****) and Ma’aloula as you make your way back to Socotra Damascus. Experience the warmth of the people, Mar 15 to 2, 202 Led by Ihab Zaki, owner of STS the tastes of the cuisine, the aromas of the souks, Can be combined with Saudi Arabia tour and the majesty of the past and explore some of the (March 02 to 16, 2021) OR Syria tour (March 06 to best-preserved Roman cities in the Near East as 16. 2021) well as Byzantine gems and Islamic jewels! (I-****) Nov 29 to Dec 10, 2021 Led by Michel Behar North & South Pakistan Can be combined with Sultanate Of Oman tour (Nov Mar 09 to 27, 2021 Led by Mehreen Razvi 18 to 30, 2021) Can be combined with Afghanistan tour (Mar 26 to Apr 08, 2021) Feb 14 to 25, 2022 Led by “STS” Tour Manager Can be combined with Oman tour South Pakistan (Feb 25 to Mar 08, 2022) May 01 to 09, 2021 Led by Local Guide Arab governments are in conflict over an island Can be combined with Pakistan’s Chitral tour paradise in the Indian Ocean that few people have (May 09 to 20, 2021) ever seen. Socotra, the largest island in the Middle Pakistan Revisited with Chitral Festival East, is one of the most isolated places on Earth, May 09 to 20, 2021 Led by Michel Behar home to an ancient culture and some of the world's Can be combined with South Pakistan tour (May 01 strangest-looking plants. The island is part of to 09, 2021) Yemen, but the United Arab Emirates has been

North & South Pakistan investing there, building infrastructure. Oct 10 to 28, 2021 Led by Mehreen Razvi UNESCO has designated Socotra as World Heritage site in 2008 in recognition of its biodiversity. Mar 05 to 23, 2022 Led by Michel Behar Hundreds of Socotra's species of plants, reptiles Can be combined with Afghanistan (Mar 23 to Apr and land snails exist nowhere else on earth. Notable 03, 2022) are the dragon’s blood trees that look like flying

saucers perched on trunks. Adenium socotranum Can be combined with Socotra tour (Feb 14 to 25, are trees that look like elephants’ legs with pink 2022) flowers on top. Birds such as the Socotra Starling, Oman is one of Arabia’s true gems - a land of Socotra Sunbird, and Socotra Grosbeak are found rugged coastlines and vast deserts where tradition nowhere else on the planet. Bats are the island’s and progress go hand in hand. This wonderful only native mammal. In 2010 a Russian adventure takes us from the heart of its picturesque archaeological team discovered the ruins of a city capital, deep into mountains and deserts of the on Socotra dating to the second century AD. The Bedu. We will take in the breathless landscapes of island is also held by some to be the location of the the Hajar Mountains, the shifting sands of Wahiba, original Garden of Eden, due to its isolation, and explore the old forts of Nizwa. It is a journey of biological diversity, and the fact that it is located on incredible contrasts, following in the footsteps of the edge of Yemen’s Gulf of Aden, which many the pioneering explorers of old and discovering connect with the ancient Sumerian tales of a some of the richest natural and cultural highlights paradise called Dilmun. (III-**) that Arabia has to offer. Shopping for native crafts in vibrant markets provides the perfect opportunity Lebanon to interact with the locals. Oman is also steeped in March 15 to 24, 202 Led by Iman Abdulfattah Can be combined with Saudi Arabia tour (Mar 02 to myths and legends as it is believed to be the home of Sinbad the Sailor and the site of the ruins of the 16, 2021) or South Iraq tour (Mar 23 to Apr 05, palace are reputed to be that of the Queen of Sheba. 2021) and Kurdistan (April 05 to 12, 2021) (II - ****) Oct 09 to 18, 2021 Led by Ghiath Abdallah The Arabian Gulf Can be combined with Kurdistan tour (Oct 03 to 10, March 15 to 30, 2021 2021) and Syria tour (Oct 18 to 25, 2021) Led by “STS” Tour Manager Mar 18 to 26, 2022 Led by Ghiath Abdallah Can be combined with Saudi Arabia tour (March 02 Can be combined with Saudi Arabia tour (Mar 05 to to 16, 2021) OR with Syria tour (March 06 to 16, 18, 2022), OR Syria tour (Mar11 to 18, 2022) AND 2021) Kurdistan tour (Mar 26 to Apr 03, 2022) Oct 23 to Nov 07, 2021 Led by Local Guides Lebanon has always been a well-traveled bridge Can be combined with Saudi Arabia tour (Nov 06 to between East and West, sea and desert that is 20, 2021) dense with history. Above the layers of antiquity lies a land of mesmerizing beauty and contrast from Feb 19 to Mar 05, 2022 Led by Local Guides the modernity of Beirut, once known as the Paris of Can be combined with Saudi Arabia trip (Mar 05 to the Middle East to the lush Cedars. Experience the 19, 2022) warmth of its people, the tastes of its world-renown Nov 05 to 19, 2022 Led by Courtney Stewart cuisine, the aromas of its souks, the majesty of its Best known for their wealth and abundance of oil, past and explore some of the best-preserved the Gulf States also house some remarkable Roman and Byzantine cities in the Near East as well museums that display magnificent ancient Islamic as some of the most stunning Byzantine gems as art, calligraphy, pottery, embroideries and jewelry. well as many of the Islamic architecture jewels! This unique tour will visit Bahrain, an archipelago Explore the Phoenician cities of Sidon & Tyre and located in the heart of the Gulf that boasts a unique the well-preserved Roman city of Baalbek, and the blend of ancient and modern; a destination where town of Byblos with its multiple layers of glistening skyscrapers share the skyline with civilizations. majestic, centuries-old mosques. In Qatar, you will saunter around the Old Souq (market) and down to Sultanate of Oman the nearby Dhow Harbor to see some of the Mar 16 to 27, 2021 Led by Local Omani Guide Gulf's traditional and distinctive trading vessels and Can be combined with Saudi Arabia tour (March 02 the world-class Islamic Arts Museum. Kuwait, home to 16, 2021) to the oldest modern art movement in the Arabian Nov 19 to 30, 2021 Led by Local Omani Guide Peninsula, contains an impressive number of art Can be combined with Socotra tour (Nov 29 to Dec galleries. A quick stop in Kuwait City is just enough 10, 2021) time to experience its diverse and liberal culture. In Feb 25 to Mar 08, 2022 Led by Local Omani the UAE, you will marvel at Abu Dhabi's unique Guide architecture as one of the most futuristic cities in

the world. When in Dubai, an emirate that has Afghanistan Portion led by Professor Jennifer L. transformed itself in the last few decades from an Fluri, University Of Colorado obscure pearl-fishing village into one of the world’s This journey will take you to explore exotic most important trading hubs and a land of luxuries, landscapes of snow-covered peaks, high-mountain you will visit its Old town. Oman is one of Arabia’s lakes and rivers, inhabited by mountain true gems - a land of rugged coastlines and vast communities living in settlements preserving deserts where tradition and progress go hand in century-old traditions and customs. History of hand. This wonderful adventure takes us from the Pamir Highway is over one hundred years, but the heart of its picturesque capital, deep into its desert. history of Pamir itself is over millennia. It was left (II - ***) largely untouched by the ravages of the Soviet

Central Asia/ Five Stans occupation and the Taliban’s invasion. Archaeological findings testify presence of Mar 19 to Apr 08, 2021 Zoroastrians, Buddhists and Muslims in Pamir. The Led by “STS” Tour Manager birth date of Pamir Highway can be considered the Oct 01 to 21, 2021 14th of March 1981 when lieutenant colonel Led by “STS” Tour Manager Bronislav Grombchevskiy read a lecture on “Our

Mar 20 to Apr 07, 2022 Led by Mehreen Razvi interests in Pamir. Military-political outline” at the Can be combined with Belarus, Ukraine & Moldova secret meeting of the General headquarter of the tour (April 07 to Apr 23, 2022) Russian army in Saint Petersburg. The aim of this Central Asia presents a colorful melting pot of secret bridgehead was to prepare for any possible people and cultures. Since the end of the 2nd invasion of the British Empire to Central Asia. millennium nomads from the north have We will cross to Afghanistan via Termez which is periodically occupied these regions, settling and one of the ancient cities of Central Asia. For several mingling with the local population to create new centuries it served as the main center of Buddhism cultures and civilizations. From the middle of the in Central Asia. Missionaries travelled from Termez 1st millennium BC until the 10th century AD the through the iron gates to Sogdiana on the territories of modern Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, northwest along the valley of Oxus to Margiana and and Tajikistan were part of the Persian Empire. You to the northeast through the Pamir and Alay will explore shimmering desert towns, UNESCO- mountains. Afghanistan is home to some incredible listed palaces, stark soviet towers, bizarre oil-boom treasures bound to leave you in awe. This journey buildings and the history of the ancient trading will take you from bustling Kabul to the foothills of routes between east and west. Stretching all the the Hindu-Kush. Follow in the footsteps of Marco way from China to the Mediterranean, the Silk Road Polo and Alexander the Great as you explore the is a historic and cultural marvel. Caravans laden country’s safest areas in the northern regions. Visit with, amongst many other things, gold, ivory, the fabulous city of Herat, which was once a great spices, furs, jade, exotic animals and of course, silk, medieval center for Islamic learning and culture. trundled along the vast network of trade routes Marvel at the legendary mountain caves of Bamyan that made up the road for nearly two millennia. Not and the spectacular lakes of Band-e-Amir. Join to only were goods transported on the route but it tour the historical town of Mazar-i-Sharif, famous also acted as a bridge that brought cultures and for its blue-tiled mosque and Balkh, the nearby ancient caravan town. (II/III- ***/****) ideas together; Islam and Buddhism reached China thanks to the Silk Road while it facilitated the Tajikistan… Pamir Highway spread of Persian, Greek, Roman, Indian, Arabian Mar 21 to Apr 01, 2022 Led By David William and Chinese influences around the world. Central Can be combined with Turkmenistan tour (April 02 Asia was a major center for three great religions: to 09, 2022) Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Islam. Mosques, This journey will take you to explore exotic mausoleums, madrasas and traditional souks offer landscapes of snow-covered peaks, high-mountain a glimpse of times past. (II/III - ***/****) lakes and rivers, inhabited by mountain

Tajikistan & Afghanistan “From Pamir communities living in settlements preserving Mountains to the Foothills of Hindukush” century-old traditions and customs. History of Sep 25 to Oct 17, 2021 Pamir Highway is over one hundred years, but the Tajikistan Portion led by “STS” Tour Manager history of Pamir itself is over millennia. It was left largely untouched by the ravages of the Soviet

occupation and the Taliban’s invasion. Dating back to the years of the Han Dynasty, China’s Archaeological findings testify presence of famous Silk Road gained its name and reputation Zoroastrians, Buddhists and Muslims in Pamir. The from the lucrative trade in silk that once plied its birth date of Pamir Highway can be considered the way into the West, travelling from the ancient 14th of March 1981 when lieutenant colonel capital of X’ian and through the Hexi Corridor Bronislav Grombchevskiy read a lecture on “Our towards India, Pakistan and Rome. Beginning in interests in Pamir. Military-political outline” at the Beijing and ending in Urumchi, this remarkable secret meeting of the General headquarter of the journey follows in the footsteps of those original Russian army in Saint Petersburg. The aim of this caravans, taking you from the imperial treasures of secret bridgehead was to prepare for any possible the Chinese capital and on through the remote and invasion of the British Empire to Central Asia. Our scorching deserts around Turpan to fabled Kashgar, adventure will continue to Termez in Uzbekistan, arriving in time for its famous Sunday market. which is one of the ancient cities of Central Asia. It Along the way you will have an opportunity to visit evolved throughout the history on different places the glorious Temple of Heaven and the Great Wall around the modern city, reflecting multiple cultural at Mutianyu, gaze upon the Summer Palace and the layers depicted in remains of historical sites. For Terracotta Warriors and explore the fabulous several centuries it served as the main center of Buddhist caves at Dunhuang, considered the Buddhism in Central Asia. Missionaries travelled greatest and most consummate collection of from Termez through the iron gates to Sogdiana on Buddhist art anywhere in the world. You’ll enjoy the northwest along the valley of Oxus to Margiana the snow-capped mountains of the Heavenly Lake and to the northeast through the Pamir and Alay before ending the journey in the fertile oasis of mountains. (III - **/***) Kashgar which is located at the foothills of Pamir Mountains. (II - ***) Gems of Turkmenistan April 02 to 09, 2022 Led By David William Iraq… Ancient Mesopotamia Can be combined with Tajikistan tour (March 21 to Mar 23 to Apr 05, 2021 Led by Miklós Sárközy April 01, 2022) Can be combined with Kurdistan tour (April 05 to 12, Turkmenistan is independent and neutral state 2021) and Lebanon tour (Mar 15 to 24, 2021) located in Central Asia. The geographical position of Oct 10 to 21, 2021 Led by Miklós Sárközy the Republic is more advantageous than that of its Can be combined with Kurdistan tour neighbors due to the outlet to the Caspian Sea. The (Oct 03 to 10, 2021) capital city Ashgabat has the record for the highest density of white marble-clad buildings. Mar 12 to 27, 2022 Led by Miklós Sárközy Turkmenistan is the country of deserts and oases as Can be combined with Kurdistan tour (Mar 27 to Apr well as unique historical and cultural traditions. 03, 2022) and Eastern Turkey tour The most ancient civilizations of the world (Mar 26 to Apr 09, 2022) prospered on its territory. Turkmenistan is Mesopotamia-the land between the great rivers definitely the country of contrasts, especially today, Tigris and Euphrates-was the home to the world’s when the cities of the republic have completely earliest civilization. To walk on such sites as Eridu, changed and become more similar to European Uruk, Ur of the Chaldees and Babylon is to trace the mega cities. But despite all the changes their history of the first cultures to build cities, invent Oriental character has been preserved in special writing, develop the wheel, and to rule the known architecture, decoration of buildings, numerous world. Some have claimed that the Garden of Eden mosques and ancient monuments. It is the least was located in Iraq, and biblical history touches this explored country on the Silk Road. A rich ethnic land too. When it became an independent country tradition, world-famous carpets, moon-like in 1932, Iraq had been home to ancient Sumer, landscapes, newly-discovered ancient civilizations, Babylonia, and Assyria, and had been conquered by spectacular Islamic monuments, deserted caravan Persians, the Macedonian army of Alexander the cities - a lost world of Central Asia. (II - ***) Great, the armies of the Islamic conquest, the Mongol hordes, and the Ottoman empire of Turkey. Silk Road in China… From Xian to Kashgar At many points in its history, Iraq could be said to Sep 27 to Oct 11, 2021 Led by Robert E. Bedeski, have been at the center of the civilized world, and Honorary Professor, University of British you will see elements of this ancient history along Columbia with remnants of more recent times, including the

regime of Saddam Hussein and the Coalition Kurdistan, the autonomous northern region of Iraq occupation. (III - **/***) predominantly inhabited by the Kurds, is amazingly different from the areas populated by the Arabs. Afghanistan The terrain is the stark opposite of the desert that Mar 26 to Apr 08, 2021 Led by Asma Eschen characterizes middle and southern Iraq. It is an Can be combined with North & South Pakistan tour eclectic region that offers a multitude of (March 09 To 27, 2021) experiences and chance encounters. Tour Erbil, the May 19 to Jun 01, 2021 Led by Asma Eschen world’s oldest inhabited city with its famous Can be combined with Pakistan’s Chitral tour antique museums and visit the monasteries and (May 09 to 21, 2021) churches dating from the 2nd to 4th century and

Sep 27 to Oct 10, 2021 Led by Asma Eschen the holiest sites of the Yezidis sect, including the Can be combined with North & South Pakistan tour cave of the fire worshippers. Drive through (October 10 to 28, 2021) breathtaking views of Kurdistan’s mountains, rivers and waterfalls. Explore former Jewish cities and Mar 23 to Apr 03, 2022 Led by Michel Behar other ancient locations such as Amadiya. Shop in Can be combined with Pakistan tour the local bazaars for gold, silver, carpets, spices – (Mar 05 to 23, 2022) you name it. From the great walled city of Erbil to May 20 to 31, 2022 Led by Elena Dak nearly deserted but still-functioning monasteries to Can be combined with Pakistan’s Chitral tour gushing rivers like the Greater Zab and Lesser Zab (May 08 to 20, 2022) feeding into the Tigris, the region has much to offer Afghanistan is a country that is rich in culture and the seasoned traveler. (II/III - ****) history, due to its geographic position, which made South Caucasus…Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia it a crossroad between China and the Apr 24 to May 12, 2021 Led by Local Guides Mediterranean world and Europe. It is a melting Can be combined with Eastern Turkey tour (May 11 pot of cultural, ethnic and linguistic diversity. With to 26, 2021) its rich past and its recent events, it still preserved a spectrum of architecture, paintings, music, poetry, Sep 14 to Oct 02, 2021 Led by Local Guides art and relics of bygone civilizations. From ancient Can be combined with Central Asia tour (Oct 01 to 21, 2021) cities to spectacular nature and some of the highest mountains in the world, it remains unpredictable Apr 14 to May 01, 2022 Led by Local Guides and continues to stun visitors. Can be combined with N. Caucasus tour (May 01 to Afghanistan contains some incredible treasures. 19, 2022) and Iran tour (May 05 to 22, 2022) This journey will take you from bustling Kabul to Journey through more than five millennia of history the foothills of the Hindu-Kush. Follow the of the Armenian Plateau, the legendary landing footsteps of Marco Polo and Alexander the Great as place of Noah’s Ark. Learn about one of the earliest we span the country’s safest areas in the northern civilizations in the world, referred to by many as regions. Visit the fabulous city of Herat, once a great one of the cradles of civilization. Visit monasteries medieval center for Islamic learning and culture. precariously perched on mountains; ruins of once Marvel at the legendary mountain caves of Bamyan imposing castles and fortresses; the largest and the spectacular lakes of Band-e-Amir. Tour the collection of khachkars (stone crosses), and vishaps historical town of Mazar-i-Sharif, famous for its (ancient megaliths) dating from 1500 BC unique to blue-tiled mosque, and Balkh the nearby ancient the Armenian Plateau. Traverse part of the ancient caravan town. (II/III - ****) Silk Road and see the only surviving intact

Kurdistan…The Other Iraq caravansary in Armenia. Explore archaeological April 05 to 12, 2021 Led by Local Guide excavation sites and watch as the past, undisturbed Can be combined with Lebanon tour (Mar 15 to 24, for thousands of years, emerges before your eyes. 2021) and South Iraq tour (Mar 23 to Apr 05, 2021) Georgia will mesmerize you with its magnificent history and unparalleled natural beauty, from the Oct 03 to 10, 2021 Led by Local Guide shores of the Black Sea to the soaring peaks of the Can be combined with Iraq tour (Oct 10 To 21, 2021) Caucasus Mountains, from the rich vineyards to the and Eastern Turkey (Sep 18 to Oct 03, 2021) arid deserts. The Georgians have built a modern Mar 26 to Apr 03, 2022 Led by Local Guide country on the foundation of their rich and ancient Can be combined with Iraq tour (Mar 12 to 27, 2022) culture, a perfect blend. Georgia’s world-famous

wine, unique and tantalizing cuisine and legendary easily rivals better known parts of Europe, and best hospitality make this a favorite destination for the of all, it’s well off the tourist map. (II - ***) curious and sophisticated traveler. Ukraine & Golden Ring of Russia Azerbaijan is a magnificent country with rich May 07 to 23, 2021 Led by Norman Jones natural resources, ancient culture and history. The Optional extension to Kaliningrad Enclave for lifestyle of the people represents a harmonious 4 Days/3 Nights Led by Local Guide blending of the traditions of many different Ukraine, with its blue lakes and green hills can cultures and civilizations, with a very strong boast no fewer than seven UNESCO World Heritage Persian influence. A visit to this fascinating country Sites including the historic Centre of Lviv, the with its unique culture, history and traditions will wooden Tserkvas and the cathedrals and monastic round out your journey to the land of the Trans- architecture of Kiev. The second largest country on Caucasus. (II - ***) the European continent, it was the birthplace of Belarus, Ukraine & Moldova Russian Orthodoxy and has lain at the heart of the Apr 29 to May 15, 2021 social changes that have beset this region for Led by Native Tour Leader and Local Guides centuries. With a cultural pedigree that can trace its Can be combined with North Caucasus tour (May 15 origins back to Byzantium and the Renaissance, its to June 03, 2021) traditions and food span eons of influences that are just waiting to be discovered. Your Russian Sep 16 to Oct 02, 2021 adventure begins in Moscow, the wellspring of Led by Native Tour Leader and Local Guides much of the world’s culture, history, and politics- Apr 07 to 23, 2022 and then goes beyond this one magnificent city. To Led by Native Tour Leader and Local Guides the northeast lies the Golden Ring, a collection of Can be combined with C. Asia tour (Mar 20 to Apr 07, ancient towns like Suzdal and Vladimir, whose 2022) lifeblood forms the marrow of Old Russia. And to Sep 16 to Oct 02, 2022 the northwest is St. Petersburg and its “silent, Led by Native Tour Leader and Local Guides lonely beauty,” as Lillian Hellman describes. Travel to some of the least explored parts of Europe Experience the treasures of Russian culture, history on this two week journey visiting three beautiful and architecture on these journey-wander countries: Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova, which are picturesque towns older than Moscow and marvel considered some of the hidden gems of Europe. at Orthodox frescoes and golden domes. An expert Starting with Belarus we discover the glorious and lecturer will lead the way and locals will uncover elegant capital: Minsk, representing a stunning what was hidden behind the Iron Curtain for years. amalgam of Soviet-style/Communist architecture Visit the Kremlins in the cities along the Golden and amazing medieval churches. Experience the Ring and contemplate European masterpieces in St genuine Belarusian hospitality, and then travel to Petersburg's Hermitage Museum. The onion-domed the fairytale castle at Mir and the 16th century churches dotting the skylines of rural villages town of Njasvizh. Departing Belarus, head to Kiev coupled with the grandeur of Moscow and St. and begin exploring Ukraine. In the capital you will Petersburg are waiting to be discovered. (II - ***) visit some magical golden-domed monasteries and Eastern Turkey cathedrals dating back many centuries, before May 11 to 26, 2021 Led by local guides heading on to Lviv – considered by many as one of Can be combined with South Caucasus tour the most elegant cities in Europe. In the nearby (April 24 to May 12, 2021) villages you will discover some imposing old castles Sep 18 to Oct 03, 2021 Led by STS Tour Manager before heading on to the beautiful Carpathian Can be combined with Kurdistan tour Mountains, a treasure chest of traditional Hustul (Oct 03 to 10, 2021) culture, incredible scenery and fascinating wildlife. Finally you will visit the tiny nation of Moldova, Mar 26 to Apr 09, 2022 Led by Mehreen Razvi Can be combined with Iraq tour (Mar 12 to 27, 2022) with its vast underground wine cellars, ancient Eastern Turkey is the true cradle of civilization, monasteries and the unique republic of Transnistria. a country that doesn’t officially exist. encompassing the earliest farmers, the great Hittite and Urartian empires of antiquity, the conquering Our tour visits a truly intriguing region, full of Romans, early Christian churches, and medieval surprises and imbued with a rich heritage that fortresses. Bordering Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq,

and Syria, this seldom-visited region offers remnants of its occupation by the Knights of St. travelers simply incredible sights. See the earliest John during the Crusades. The city of Rhodes has an “temple” at Göbekli Tepe with its 12,000-year-old Old Town featuring the medieval Street of the carvings. Visit Hittite sites with carved reliefs, and Knights and the castle like Palace of the Grand cuneiform inscriptions on the Urartian capital at Masters. Captured by the Ottomans and then held Tushpa. Explore the Biblical connections of Urfa by the Italians, the palace is now a history museum. and Harran (where Abraham once lived), and Displaying one of the most extensive collection of Mount Ararat, claimed to be the final resting place relics and treasures. (I - ****) of Noah’s Ark. Eastern Turkey is a fantastic Malta repository of ancient Roman, biblical, Seljuk, May 05 to 11, 2021 Armenian and Crusader relics. See the magnificent Can be combined with Cyprus, Crete, and Rhodes and carvings in the Armenian Church on Akdamar Santorini tour (May 11 to 27, 2021) Island in Lake Van, and an entire ghostly ruined Megaliths, medieval dungeons and Calypso's Cave - Armenian city at Ani. And you will not forget the stunningly situated sculptured heads of Nemrut The Maltese Islands are positively mythic. The Dag, or Ishak Pasha Palace, the Taj Mahal of Turkey. narrow meandering streets of their towns and (II - ***) villages lead to the main square, which is invariably dominated by the huge baroque church. As the Cyprus, Santorini, Crete & Rhodes countryside is dotted with medieval towers, wayside May 11 to 27, 2021 Led by local guides chapels and the oldest known human structures in Can be combined with Malta (May 05 to 11, 2021) the world, the Islands have rightly been described as Cyprus is an island with a unique archaeological an open-air museum. The Maltese archipelago lies legacy - from its beautiful sanctuaries and virtually at the center of the Mediterranean, and monuments to the architectural marvels scattered consists of three islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino. along its craggy mountains, verdant plains, (I - ****) sweeping beaches, rolling hills and abundant vineyards. This Mediterranean island lies at the Antique Algeria crossroads of three continents - where East meets May 15 to 30, 2021 West and a new experience awaits you under the Led by Mohamed Halouani, sun of Cyprus. Can be combined with Northern Morocco & Spanish Crete is an island with an exquisite 700-mile-long Enclaves tour (May 29 to June 08, 2021) coastline dotted with numerous coves, bays, and Oct 17 to Nov 01, 2021 peninsulas, and a multitude of soft, sandy beaches Led by Historian Mohamed Halouani that line the dazzling blue Mediterranean Sea. As Algeria is a vast country of breathtaking scenery, the home of the Minoan civilization, the island is of well-preserved Roman ruins, pre-historic cave historic importance in today's world with paintings and a strong Berber culture. Your journey important archeological finds at Knossos, Phaistos, will take you from the sweeping shoreline to the and Gortys. There are many jewels just waiting to majestic mountains, through the huge wilderness of be discovered by the more adventurous explorers. the Sahara desert into the palm-fringed oases. If you have not visited Crete yet, maybe now is the Some of the highlights include the Roman ruins of time to come and explore this fascinating Greek Timgad, the former Roman port of Caesarea, the island. oases towns of Ghardaia and Bou Saada, the gorge Santorini is one of the Cyclades islands in the of Sisi Meid and the Kasbah of Algiers. This Aegean Sea. It was devastated by a volcanic fascinating tour offers the adventurous traveler an eruption in the 16th century BC, forever shaping its alluring blend of art, history, culture and scenery, rugged landscape. The whitewashed, cubiform including the marvelous Moorish city of Tlemcen, houses of its two principal towns, Fira and Oia, voted recently as one of the best 41 places one cling to cliffs above an underwater caldera (crater). should see in a lifetime. (II - ***) They overlook the sea, small islands to the west, and beaches made up of black, red, and white lava North Caucasus pebbles. Santorini boasts that it is one of the May 15 to June 03, 2021 romantic spots in the world. Led by Tour Manager Nancy Weber Rhodes, the largest of Greece’s Dodecanese islands, Can be combined with Belarus, Ukraine & Moldova tour (Apr 28 to May 15, 2021) is known for its beach resorts, ancient ruins, and

May 22 to June 10, 2021 ancient Mediterranean. Later Ceuta and Melilla Led by “STS” Tour Manager became the site of a Carthaginian settlement, which was taken over eventually by the Romans. In the Sept 04 to 23, 2021 5th century the cities were captured by the Led by Tour Manager Nancy Weber Vandals, who in time lost it to Byzantium. After that May 01 to 19, 2022 the Visigoths, Arabs, Portuguese, and finally the Led by Tour Manager Nancy Weber Spanish in 1580 seized control. Since that time, Can be combined with South Caucasus tour (Apr 14 except for a period from 1694 to 1720 when the to May 01, 2022) Moors gained control, the enclaves have remained The Northern Caucasus is northern part of the under the jurisdiction of Spain. Separated from Caucasus region between the Black Sea and Caspian Spain by the Straits of Gibraltar and sandwiched Sea and within European Russia. Historically North between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Caucasus is one of the hottest spots of the world, Ocean lies Morocco on the northern shores of the land of famous warriors and strange archaic Africa. Discover the rich history and culture of the traditions which is turning to peace now. We’ll start Imperial Cities and the north. This tour will capture from Abkhazia, a partially recognized country, the dramatic contrasts of the kingdom. Against a which was the pearl of Georgia in the Soviet period backdrop of breathtaking scenery, the footprints of and marvel other North Caucasian Autonomous history wind from antiquity through the pinnacle of republics, including Kabardino-Balkaria, North & Islamic achievement in a country determined to South Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya and many modernize on its own terms. Its culture is on others. We’ll move from developed West to wild display every day in its buzzing souks East: from subtropical and friendly Abkhazia and (marketplaces). Discover this glorious land in the all the way to Dagestan where we will explore enchanting city of Fes- a walled enclave suspended ethnicity and history from Stone Age to Soviet era. in a medieval dream. Be mesmerized by the truly We will witness daily life of highlanders up in the stunning desert oasis where golden dunes stretch high mountains with centuries-old forests that are to the horizon. Morocco offers the opportunity to filled with oaks, firs and wild blueberries. The experience a rich Islamic culture in a safe and culmination of our adventure will be exploration of tourist-friendly environment. (II - ***) the most visually striking and culturally different Angola & Mozambique villages. So join us on this fascinating journey June 27 to July 10, 2021 marveling historical monuments, isolated Led by Tour Manager David William settlements, towers, orthodox monasteries, Optional Extension to Lesotho (May 11 To 13, 2021) majestic landscapes and cultures that have Located in southern Africa, Angola is the seventh survived centuries without outside influence. (II - largest country on the continent and one of the ***/****) most expensive countries in the world. Diverse Morocco and the Spanish Enclaves ethnic communities such as the Mumuila and May 29 to Jun 08, 2021 Mucubal, maintain their own cultural traits, Led by Expert Local Guide traditions, and languages to varying degrees. In the Can be combined with Algeria tour (May 15 to 30, cities, where slightly more than half of the 2021) population now lives, you will find a mixed culture Ceuta and Melilla are two small forbidden enclaves that has been emerging since colonial times. In this on the coast of Morocco. Despite seemingly being a urban society, since its foundation in the 16th part of Morocco, they actually belong to Spain. century, the Portuguese heritage has become more Coveted by Morocco, they have long been a and more dominant. However, African roots are flashpoint in diplomatic relations with Spain. evident in music and dance, and is molding the way Madrid asserts that both territories are integral in which Portuguese is spoken. This process is well parts of Spain and have the same status as the reflected in contemporary Angolan literature, semi-autonomous regions on its mainland. especially in the works of Angolan authors. On this Increasingly Ceuta and Melilla's heavily fortified tour, you will explore a land that the modern world borders have come under pressure from African has yet to discover. As you make your way inland, migrants seeking a better life in Europe. Both cities the landscape becomes almost endless plains. date their original establishment to the From there, you will fly nonstop to another former Phoenicians, the sailors and merchants of the colony of the Portuguese. With cities of colonial

splendor, a golden coast scattered with balmy have the chance to see all kinds of wildlife, beaches, and cuisine packed with sizzle and spice, including the majestic and endangered mountain Mozambique is a magical part of Mother Africa. It gorilla. Then cross into Rwanda to discover the is endowed with rich and extensive natural beautiful Lake Kivu, one of the African Great Lakes. resources. The country's economy is based largely One of the highlights of your visit will be the chance on agriculture, but its industry is growing mainly to see the splendid Golden Monkey, one of the from the food and beverage industry, chemical rarest primates in the world. Also experience the manufacturing, and aluminum and petroleum Rwandan culture at a traditional village. Continue production. The tourism sector is also expanding. your journey to Burundi, which has two national The only official language of Mozambique is parks - Kibira to the northwest, and Ruvubu to the Portuguese, which is spoken mostly as a second northeast. Both were established in 1982 to language by about half of the population. conserve wildlife populations. Burundi's culture is Lesotho, officially the "Kingdom of Lesotho", is an based on local tradition and the influence of enclaved country within the border of South Africa. neighboring countries. (III - ***) Known as the Kingdom in the Sky because of its Horn of Africa lofty altitude — it has the highest lowest point of (Eritrea, Somaliland, Djibouti & E. Ethiopia) any country in the world (4,590 ft.) and is the only Nov 10 to 22, 2021 Led by Elena Dak country to be entirely above 3,200 feet! (II - **/***) Jan 26 to Feb 07, 2022 Led by Elena Dak Siberia and Russia’s Far East Eritrea is a state on the southern shores of the Red Jul 22 to Aug 05, 2021 Led by Norman Jones Sea whose history dates back to the Stone Age. Explore South Siberia, a remote and atmospheric Following a succession of wars with Ethiopia that land where mounted Scythians thundered across spanned a thirty-year period, Eritreans under a the steppe long time ago, leaving behind burial United Nations’ supervised referendum voted for mounds and golden ornaments. On this cross- independence in 1991 and gained international cultural adventure, interact with local ethnic recognition in 1993. Asmara, the capital, proudly people: Russians, Tuvans, Buryats, and Khakass, displays a shining collection of Art Deco and other learning about their history, cultures and architectural wonders. Massawa, a port city on the traditions. We will begin in Irkutsk, founded by Red Sea, was heavily influenced by the Turks and Cossacks in 1661. Continue by visiting the shores of the Europeans. This coastal city is the starting point deep, UNESCO-listed Lake Baikal, and explore its for visits to the Dahlak Islands, one of the most largest island, Olkhon, the place where the area’s unspoiled and least known reefs in the Red Sea. indigenous Buryat people believed that the Gods of Eritrea's nine colorful ethnic groups are diverse Baikal once lived there. From Irkutsk, fly to Kyzyl, and individual, and are a major highlight. The latest Tuva’s remote capital. The heart of the journey is a peace agreement with Ethiopia has finally put an stay in Tuva, a rarely visited rural region just north end to the utter isolation that Eritrea suffered for of the Mongolian border. Dine here with local the last decades and carries a great future for people, and learn about the art of throat-singing. development. The journey through the Valley of the Czars to Somaliland should not be confused with Abakan, capital of Khakassia, will captivate you Somalia. Westerners are welcome there... with its abundance and history. (II - ***) Somaliland is home to what is often considered to Uganda, Rwanda & Burundi be one of the most interesting attractions in the August 14 to 27, 2021 Horn of Africa, the Laas Geel cave paintings. Led by Tour Manager David William Untouched for nearly 10,000 years until discovered by a French archaeological team in November Aug 14 to 27, 2022 2002, Laas Geel cave paintings have become a Led by Ihab Zaki, Owner of Spiekermann Travel Travel to some of the least explored parts of East major tourist attraction and a national treasure. Somaliland boasts many natural attractions Africa on this two week journey visiting three including mountains, mangrove marshes and beautiful countries: Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Starting with Uganda, a country located on the East pristine beaches as well as opportunities for cultural interaction in its colorful markets. African Plateau, you will experience beautiful Djibouti draws few tourists thanks to its waterfalls, Lake Victoria, the world's largest lake, and the world's longest river, the Nile. You'll also reputation for being the hottest place in Africa

(probably true) and being ridiculously overpriced a landscape of impressive natural wonders as we (also probably true). However, with vistas that will travel through the desert and along the Nile of take your breath away, and a culture caught half Sudan’s mysterious north, an ancient land once way between 20th century France and modern known as Nubia. Kushite monuments display a rich Africa, the smallest country in the region is most combination of Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, and definitely worth a visit. Despite the tensions that at indigenous African traditions, two of which are least two of these neighbors often display, it UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Meroe and Jebel remains somewhat removed from the hostility. Barkal. Tall pyramids, gigantic mud-brick buildings, Thanks largely to it being located at the entrance of rock-cut painted tombs, and ornately carved the Red Sea. Djibouti has found itself in the enviable temples - all present for you to discover. (III-*/***) position of being a strategically important point Ethiopia (Historic route & Timket Festival) with both global industry and the military. The Jan 13 to 25, 2022 country itself, outside of Djibouti City the capital of Led by Local Ethiopian Guide the Republic of Djibouti is largely composed of Optional extension to the Omo Valley extension volcanic wasteland an apocalyptic looking terrain Can be combined with Horn of Africa (Jan 25 to Feb of naturally-formed chimneys and beautiful lakes. 09, 2022) Eastern Ethiopia Many of you may have joined us Ethiopia is culturally one of the richest countries in on the Ethiopia tours in the past years, but most Africa and home to some remarkable architectural likely you have not visited this gem of a city. Harar, gems. A journey on the Historic Route provides a a well preserved walled city that stands to the east glimpse of life from the past that is still relevant. It of the Great Rift Valley and was founded between is a country where religion plays a prominent role the 7th and the 11th centuries and emerged as the and the celebration of holy days is a way of life The center of Islamic culture and religion in the Horn of Feast of Timket is associated with the presence of Africa; it also served for a long time as an important the Ark of the Covenant in Axum and the belief that trading center. Harar was a fiercely religious city the Ark itself is a symbol of Mary’s womb. This and was closed to visitors until 1887 when King festival is attended by tens of thousands of people Menelik restored central rule. With its 99 mosques, from all over Ethiopia, making it one of the most including the 16th century Grand Mosque with is joyous annual pilgrimages in Axum, the “sacred city beautiful twin towers and slender minaret, it is of the Ethiopians.” You will be an observer at this considered to be the fourth most holy city in Islam remarkable event marked by processions of after Mecca, Medina, and the Dome of the Rock in chanting priests dressed in colorful robes with the Jerusalem. Besides its many mosques, Harar is also ubiquitous umbrellas. (III - */***) home to 102 shrines and a very vibrant market place, regarded as one of the most colorful in all of Ivory Coast & Mali Ethiopia. The surrounding Ahmar Mountains are Jan 19 to Feb 03, 2022 where Ethiopia's best coffee grows. (III-*/***) Led by Anthropologist, Mohamed Halouani Can be combined with our Nigeria tour (Jan 09 to 17, Sudan…Ancient Nubia 2022) or Gabon, CAR, DRC & Congo (February 3 to Nov 11 to 21, 2021 Led by Richard Lobban 18, 2022) or Chad & Cameroon (February 04 to 18, Optional pre-tour to South Sudan for 1 Night 2022)

Feb 09 to 19, 2022 Led by Geoff Emberling Mali, a landlocked country is divided by the Niger Optional pre-tour to South Sudan for 1 Night River, one of the great rivers of the world. It marks Sudan has more than 500 ethnic groups, each with an approximate boundary between the Sahara its own dialect, traditions, and dance making it the Desert and the Sahel. Mali means “hippo” in one of most diverse nation on the continent. The Nile, the local languages; hippos can be seen during the flowing north from Khartoum towards Egypt, is the dry season. Head to Timbuktu the city of legend link that runs through Sudan, influencing the lives that truly exists on the fringes of the Sahara Desert. of its people. Along the banks of the river and in the Visit its ancient mosque, as well as, the Grand valley of the Sahara Desert are many interesting Mosque in Djenne, the largest mudbrick building in archaeological sites from the Egyptian and Meroitic the world. Both are UNESCO World Heritage sites. civilizations seldom seen by the public and include Stroll through the weekly markets in Djenne and more pyramids than Egypt! Come and explore Mopti, known to attract thousands of people from magnificent monuments, tombs and temples set in Mali’s many tribes. Spend time in Dogon country

home to one of the most fascinating tribes in Africa. country. Your journey will take you to Yazd the End your tour at the River Niger Festival, a center of Zoroastrian culture, to Shiraz city of poets celebration of music, dancing and culture. Travel which has had major Jewish and Christian with us to a country with a recent troubled past, communities and the UNESCO World Heritage sites but is now once again accessible to intrepid of Isfahan, and Persepolis. Come and discover Iran, travelers who are looking to delve into the a repository of grand relics and ruins. (II-***/****) amazing diversity of West African culture. This is a North Africa … Tunisia, Algeria & Mauritania journey full of surprises to a land that can rightly be Sep 19 to Oct 14, 2021 considered truly "off the beaten track". Led by Mohamed Halouani As one of Africa’s most recent additions to tourism, the Ivory Coast was out of bounds for years due to May 05 to 30, 2022 Led by Mohamed Halouani political conflict. Situated on the Atlantic coast of Sep 18 to Oct 13, 2022 West Africa, Côte d'Ivoire - or Ivory Coast as some Led by Mohamed Halouani may call it, provides a range of landscapes that are Few countries on earth match the historical, sure to please - from the beaches and inland cultural, and natural splendor of Tunisia. Begin and lagoons in the south and dense tropical forests in end in the capital city of Tunis with its wondrous the southwest, along savannas and grassy plains in medina (ancient city) and fascinating souqs the interior, to impressive montane forested (markets). Travel onward to ancient Carthage, one mountains in the north. The country also has a of the most important cities in the ancient Roman fascinating cultural heritage. Spend time with Empire. Other important historical sites include different ethnic groups such as the Baulé, who are Dougga, Sousse, Oudna, and Kerkouane, as well as known for their fine craftsmanship, the Dan, Lobi, the sacred Islamic site of Kairouan. and Fulani, as well as the Senoufo, who are known Algeria is a vast country of breathtaking scenery, for their handicrafts that feature their own cultural well-preserved Roman ruins, pre-historic cave themes and religious beliefs. During village visits paintings and a strong Berber culture. Your journey you will witness colorful tribal festivals, rituals, will take you from the sweeping shoreline to the initiations, and amazing mask dances. Each ethnic majestic mountains, through the huge wilderness of group has its own style of music, most showing a the Sahara Desert into the palm-fringed oases. strong vocal polyphony. (II-***) Some of the highlights include the Roman ruins of Iran Timgad, the former Roman port of Caesarea, the May 05 to 22, 2022 Led by Miklós Sárközy oasis town of Bou Saada and the Kasbah of Algiers. Can be combined with South Caucasus tour (Apr 14 This fascinating tour offers the adventurous to May 01, 2022) traveler an alluring blend of art, history, culture and scenery, including the marvelous city of Oct 02 to 22, 2022 Led by Mehreen Razvi Constantine, the city of gorges and bridges. Iran is home to a breathless mix of spectacular Mauritania boasts many natural wonders, as well madrassas, exquisite mosques and some of the as ancient cities. In the Middle Ages, Mauritania most wonderful examples of Islamic architecture in was the seat of the Almoravid movement that the world. Everywhere you look, the magnificence spread Islam throughout North Africa. Highlights of 2,500 years of history lies all around you. Ancient include two of its four "ksour" (villages) - Persia has been the seat of many civilizations and Chinguetti and Ouadane - located in northern unique contributions in poetry, art, architecture, Mauritania. Chinguetti is a medieval Berber trading science and history. Many of Iran’s achievers have center, with stark, unadorned buildings that reflect contributed to our modern world. Most of the the strict religious beliefs of the Almoravids. country’s archaeological gems are well preserved Ouadane is an oasis settlement concealed by waves and portray a rich historical heritage. Your tour will of golden sand dunes and home to an ancient not only explore ancient ruins and colorful cities mosque (and UNESCO World Heritage Site). So, but also exotic bazaars and old baths. Marvel at come and join us on this amazing journey spanning ancient monuments and beautifully tiled mosques. three countries, or select the segments that are Stroll through medieval bazaars that remain much most intriguing to you. (II - ***/****) as they were centuries ago. Stop to visit local nomadic tribes when driving across the vast

OUR TRIP GRADING CHART

We have been using the following system to help you identify the tour that best matches your travel interests and your physical abilities by ranking activity grade levels and lodging standards. Not every trip fits the needs and the expectations of travelers or their tolerance levels. We hope that this new system will make it easier to find the program that is right for you.

Trip Grade: Lodging Level: I Easy – Reasonably paced sightseeing, easy walking,  Simple – One or more properties on the trip are and leisurely days. No particular physical challenges. very basic, rustic, primitive, with shared bathroom facilities (1 or 2 stars)

II Active – Some hikes, slightly more demanding walks  Delightful: Comfortable yet on the Spartan at or to sites, few elevations, comfortable but busy side, usually small but generally with private schedule and some long rides. facilities. Some such lodges and motel-style are in need of repairs, added cleaning, and improvements III Challenging – Parts of the trip are physically but they are suitable for one night stays even if they challenging, involve hiking on rough terrain or in sand lack western style amenities. (2 or 3 stars) or at high altitudes. There may be very long drives on rough roads; weather conditions with high heat or  Superior: Lodges and hotels with additional humidity, presence of insects. You may have simple amenities, refined service and comfort level acceptable to western standards. (3 or 4 stars) picnic lunches, primitive bathroom facilities along the road and remoteness from modern towns or cities.  Luxury: Regular style- usually large- hotels, typical western standard with ample venues, and full amenities. (4 or 5 stars)

Gabon, CAR, Congo & DRC ▢ Oct 27 to Nov 11, 2021 ▢ Mar 05 to 23, 2022 ▢ Jan 08 to Jan 22, 2021 ▢ Mar 25 to Apr 10, 2022 ▢ Jan 24 to Feb 07, 2021 South Pakistan ▢ Jan 19 to Feb 02, 2021 Saudi Arabia ▢ Apr 30 to May 08, 2022 ▢ Jan 25 to Feb 07, 2022 ▢ Mar 02 to 16, 2021 ▢ Feb 04 to 17, 2022 ▢ Nov 06 to 20, 2021 Pakistan W/Chitral Festival ▢ Mar 05 to 18, 2022 ▢ May 08 to 20, 2022 Nigeria ▢ Jan 13 to 25, 2021 Syria … in depth Socotra ▢ Jan 09 to 17, 2022 ▢ Mar 06 to 16, 2021 ▢ Mar 15 to 24, 2021 ▢ Oct 18 to 25, 2021 ▢ Nov 29 to Dec 08, 2021 Niger ▢ Mar 11 to 18, 2022 ▢ Feb 14 to 25, 2022 ▢ Jan 21 to 30, 2021 ▢ Feb 06 to 14, 2021 North & South Pakistan Lebanon ▢ Jan 18 to 25, 2022 ▢ Mar 09 to 27, 2021 ▢ March 15 to 24, 2021 ▢ Oct 09 to 18, 2021 Horn of Africa South Pakistan ▢ Mar 18 to 26, 2022 ▢ Jan 25 to Feb 09, 2021 ▢ May 01 to 09, 2021 ▢ Nov 10 to 22, 2021 Sultanate of Oman ▢ Jan 26 to Feb 07, 2022 Pakistan Revisited with ▢ Mar 15 to 27, 2021 Chitral Festival ▢ Nov 18 to 30, 2021 Chad and Cameroon ▢ May 09 to 20, 2021 ▢ Feb 23 to Mar 06, 2022 ▢ Feb 04 to 18, 2022 North & South Pakistan The Arabian Gulf Egypt ▢ Oct 10 to 28, 2021 ▢ March 15 to 30, 2021 ▢ Feb 20 to Mar 07, 2021

▢ Oct 23 to Nov 07, 2021 Uganda, Rwanda & Burundi ▢ Feb 19 to Mar 05, 2022 Ukraine & Russia ▢ August 14 to 27, 2021 ▢ Nov 05 to 19, 2022 ▢ May 07 to 23, 2021 ▢ Aug 14 to 26, 2022

Central Asia Eastern Turkey Tajikistan & Afghanistan ▢ Mar 19 to Apr 08, 2021 ▢ May 11 to 26, 2021 ▢ Sep 25 to Oct 17, 2021 ▢ Oct 01 to 21, 2021 ▢ Mar 26 to Apr 09, 2022 ▢ Mar 20 to Apr 07, 2022 Gems of the Silk Road in Cyprus, Santorini, Crete & China Iraq… Ancient Mesopotamia Rhodes ▢ Sep 26 to Oct 11, 2021 ▢ Mar 23 to Apr 05, 2021 ▢ May 11 to 27, 2021 ▢ Oct 10 to 21, 2021 Sudan…Ancient Nubia ▢ Mar 12 to 27, 2022 Malta ▢ Nov 11 to 21, 2021 May 05 to 11, 2021 ▢ Feb 09 to 19, 2022 Afghanistan ▢ Mar 26 to Apr 08, 2021 Antique Algeria Ethiopia (Historic route & ▢ May 19 to Jun 01, 2021 ▢ May 15 to 30, 2021 Timket Festival) ▢ Sep 27 to Oct 10, 2021 ▢ Oct 17 to Nov 01, 2021 ▢ Jan 13 to 25, 2022 ▢ Mar 23 to Apr 03, 2022 ▢ May 20 to 31, 2022 North Caucasus Ivory Coast & Mali ▢ May 15 to June 03, 2021 ▢ Jan 19 to Feb 03, 2022 Kurdistan…The Other Iraq ▢ May 22 to June 10, 2021 ▢ April 05 to 12, 2021 ▢ Sept 04 to 23, 2021 Tajikistan… ▢ Oct 03 to 10, 2021 ▢ May 01 to 19, 2022 ▢ Mar 21 to Apr 01, 2022 ▢ Mar 26 to Apr 03, 2022 Morocco & the Spanish Iran South Caucasus…Azerbaijan, Enclaves of Ceuta & Mellila ▢ May 05 to 22, 2022 Georgia & Armenia ▢ May 29 to Jun 08, 2021 ▢ Oct 02 to 22, 2022 ▢ Apr 24 to May 12, 2021 ▢ Sep 14 to Oct 02, 2021 Angola & Mozambique North Africa … Tunisia, ▢ Apr 14 to May 01, 2022 ▢ June 27 to July 10, 2021 Algeria & Mauritania ▢ Sep 19 to Oct 14, 2021 Belarus, Ukraine & Moldova Siberia and Russia ▢ May 05 to 30, 2022 ▢ Apr 28 to May 15, 2021 ▢ Jul 22 to Aug 05, 2021 ▢ Sep 18 to Oct 13, 2022 ▢ Sep 15 to Oct 02, 2021 ▢ Apr 07 to 23, 2022

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We need your help to save the environment!! This issue of our “Historical Moments” will be the last one that is extensive and gives a description of all our tours as we would like to do our part in lessening our impact on earth and reduce the paper footprint. From now onwards we shall send a rather abbreviated version twice a year starting 2021. Thus we want to encourage you to share your email address so we can electronically send you the future copies. Also if you are NOT INTERESTED for any reason to receive our mailings, we appreciate it very much if you can call us or email us to remove you from the list so we do not impose on you again and to save some additional trees.

OUR UPCOMING LECTURES

Matt Curtis (Sunday, October 25, 2020) Dr. Matthew (Matt) Curtis is an anthropological archaeologist with a specialization in Eastern Africa author of numerous scholarly publications concerning the archaeology of the Horn of Africa, and founder and director of Eastern African Archaeology Online. Currently Dr. Curtis co-directs an archaeological project in the Gamo region of southern Ethiopia and leads a regional archaeological survey for the UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology’s Shire Archaeology Project in Tigrai, northern Ethiopia. He has taught anthropology at various colleges and universities

Ihab Zaki (Sunday, November 01, 2020) Mr. Zaki will take you through the story of Spiekermann Travel and how it all started and how we reached where we are now within a span of 30 years. The talk will give you a glimpse of the various types of tours we offer and what is our philosophy and mission. The slide presentation will take you to various destinations that we service and then you will hear about how Spiekermann has been dealing with the Pandemic and how we see the future of travel in the new post-Covid era. It will also be a great opportunity to have you ask questions and obtain travel- related information that will assist you in making your decisions about future trips.

Jennifer Fluri (Sunday, November 08, 2020) This lecture will provide an overview of Afghanistan's history focusing its rich social, cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity. Afghanistan is a complex place that has been beset upon by a number of empires and countries seeking influence or control over Afghanistan's land and people. At different times in its history, the people of Afghanistan have experienced significant loss of territory, property, life and livelihood, while remaining resilient. Conflict has been an endemic part of Afghanistan geopolitical history, however, it remains a place that prides itself in never accepting defeat, being colonized, or controlled by another country. This lecture will discuss Afghanistan, by unraveling the complexities of its history and geography. This lecture will address what Afghanistan has lost and gained over time and reflect upon contemporary experiences of invasion and occupation over the past 40 years. Jennifer L. Fluri, Professor of Geography at the University of Colorado-Boulder will provide this lecture based on her research of the geographic history of Afghanistan and her current project on the geopolitics of international occupation, aid, and development in Afghanistan.

Barbara Porter (Sunday, November 15, 2020) "Insights into the Nabataean kingdom in its heyday (ca. 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD) will be shared by Barbara along with a personal perspective of visiting Petra, the Nabataean capital, first in 1967 as a teenager and then becoming intimately involved in its preservation in the period from 2006 to 2020 when she was Director of ACOR (American Center of Oriental Research, now American Center of Research) in Amman. She plans to show images from the site as well as the new Petra Museum and other relevant places in Jordan. Having had the chance to visit the very important Nabataean site of Mada’in Saleh in northern Saudi Arabia, she will include that site in her Nabataean archaeology overview which will acknowledge the contribution of many scholars who have contributed to this field."

Courtney Stewart-White (Sunday, November 22, 2020) This lecture will explore the vast field of Islamic Art, a subject that includes works of art from the 7th to the 20th centuries, from Western Europe to South East Asia. In this lecture we will look closely at calligraphy, textiles, paintings, architecture, and art objects from lands dominated by Islamic culture. Artworks from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Museum of Islamic Art Doha, and other important museum collections visited on Spiekermann trips will be featured.

Courtney Stewart-White (Sunday, November 29, 2020) In this talk we will discuss jewelry and jeweled objects from the Islamic world, and examine how such stunning pieces can be understood as protective talismans, and symbols of power. The talk will mostly focus on works of art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, but will also feature some world-famous and jaw-dropping jewels in museums visited on Spiekermann trips.

Disclaimer: All lectures are copyrighted by Spiekermann Travel Service and recordings cannot be posted on any social media outlets or anywhere in the internet.

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Why travel with Spiekermann Travel Service?

. Celebrating 30 years in the travel business under the current management. . In-depth pre-departure information for the planning stages of your trip. . Personalized, helpful customer service. . Small groups on set dates as well as flexible departures on private tours. . Competitive rates. . Thousands of satisfied customers. . Exotic and adventurous journeys for the intrepid travelers. . Professional, experienced staff from our USA office to our local guides and tour leaders.

Spiekermann Travel Service, Inc. 18421 East Nine Mile Road, Eastpointe, MI 48021 Phone: 1-800-645-3233 Fax: 586-775-9556 www.mideasttrvl.com [email protected]