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Truck Transport of Hazardous Chemicals: Phosphorus Pentasulfide

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Truck Transport of Hazardous Chemicals: Phosphorus Pentasulfide II/ 111111111111 I/I II11I1III1 DOT-VNTSC-RSPA-96-3 PB97-11l074 Truck Transport of Hazardous U.S. Department Chemicals: Phosphorus Pentasulfide of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration Final Report August 1996 U.S. Department of Transportation Prepared for the Research and Special Programs Administration Office of Hazardous Materials Safety John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Research and Special Programs Administration Cambridge, MA 02142-1093 U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC 20590 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewIng instructions( searchin existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the co lection 0 1 information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of infor~ation, in~luding suggestions for redUCIng thl~ burden, to w~shin~ton Heagquarters ~~~X~~~~fl/D i ~~~t~~a;~p fg~f\~!o~~at Ion Operat ~~~s R~~~p~ep~rts, 1215 ~~~f,~~~~~np~~YI ~t H:~~~Z~fl1~~~ tewl::;~1;'a~~~ InRF.°9{)'iX~ PB97-111074 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED August 1996 Final Report 1111111111111111111111111111111 September 1993 - April 1995 -- -- 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Truck Transport of Hazardous Chemicals: Phosphorus Pentasu1fide P6030/RS630 6. AUTHOR(S) Environmental Engineering Division TDS Economics U.S. Department of Transportation/RSPA Menlo Park, CA John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA 02142 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Department of Transportation REPORT NUMBER Research and Special Programs Administration DOT-VNTSC-RSPA-96-3 John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA 02142 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING U.S. Department of Transportation AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Research and Special Programs Administration Office of Hazardous Materials and Safety Washington, DC 20590 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the United States in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly .all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. The principal purpose of this report is to present estimates of truck shipments of phosphorus pentasulfide, one of 147 large-volume chemicals that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 36 phosphorus pentasu1fide, truck transport, hazardous materials, modeling 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 PREFACE The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the United States in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. 1 Highways, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. Because of the intermixture of freight and passenger vehicles on the Nation I s roads and highways, and because hazardous materials are frequently transported through residential and commercial areas, incidents involving truck movements of hazardous materials may pose a risk to the general population. The U.S. DOT has extensive data on highway incidents involving particular hazardous materials, but does not have comparable volume data with which to establish failure rates (i.e., the percentage of shipments involved in incidents). Moreover, little is known about the routes over which particular hazardous materials are transported. Consequently, Federal and state authorities lack critical information they need to formulate hazardous materials policies and programs regarding enforcement of regulations, training for dealing with hazardous materials incidents, etc. This document is one of a series of reports being prepared on the transport of large-volume manufactured or processed non-fuel substances that together account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. It was sponsored by the Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA), U.S. DOT. The report was prepared by the Environmental Engineering Division, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. DOT, and IDS Economics, Menlo Park, California. It should be emphasized that all of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in a dynamic economic and technological environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flows from producers to consumers is thus subject to change. PROTECTED UNDER INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 1 Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, Transportation of Hazardous Materials, 1986 and Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Truck Transportation ofHazardous Materials, A National Overview, 1987. iii METRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS ENGLISH TO METRIC METRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) 1 inch (in) =2.5 centimeters (cm) 1 millimeter (mm) =0.04 inch (in) 1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (cm) 1 centimeter (cm) =0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter (m) =3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilometers (km) 1 meter (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.6 mile (mi) AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIMATE) 1 square inch (sq in, in2) = 6.5 square centimeters (cm2) 1 square centimeter (cm2) = 0.16 square inch (sq in, in2) 1 square foot (sq ft, ft2) = 0.09 square meter (m2) 1 square meter (m2) = 1.2 square yards (sq yd, yd2) 1 square yard (sq yd, yd2) = 0.8 square meter (m2) 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.4 square mile (sq mi, mi2) 1 square mile (sq mi, mi2) = 2.6 square kilometers (km2) 10,000 square meters (m2) =1 hectare (ha) =2.5 acres 1 acre =0.4 hectare (ha) = 4,000 square meters (m2) MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) 1 ounce (oz) = 28 grams (gm) 1 gram (gm) = 0.036 ounce (oz) 1 pound (Ib) = .45 kilogram (kg) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (Ib) 1 short ton =2,000 pounds (Ib) =0.9 tonne (t) 1 tonne (t) =1,000 kilograms (kg) =1.1 short tons , VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (ml) 1 milliliter (ml) = 0.03 fluid ounce (f1 oz) 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (I) = 2.1 pints (pt) 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (I) = 1.06 quarts (qt) 1 cup (c) = 0.24 liter (I) 1 liter (I) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 pint (pt) = 0.47 liter (I) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 36 cUbic feet (cu ft, ft3) 1 quart (qt) = 0.96 liter (I) 1 cUbic meter (m3) = 1.3 cubic yards (cu yd, yd3) 1 gallon (gal) = 3.8 liters (I) 1 cubic foot (cu ft, ft3) = 0.03 cubic meter (m3) 1 cubic yard (cu yd, yd3) = 0.76 cubic meter (m3) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) °C=5/9(OF - 32) °F=9/WC) + 32 QUICK INCH-CENTIMETER LENGTH CONVERSION INCHES 0 1 2 3 4 5 i i ! i I i i i i i i I I I i I I I I CENTIMETERS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 QUICK FAHRENHEIT-CELSIUS TEMPERATURE CONVERSION OF _40° -22° _4° 14° 32° 50° 68° 86° 104° 122° 140° 158° 176° 194° 212° I II IIII I II III II °C _40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100° For more exact and or other conversion factors, see NIST Miscellaneous Publication 286, Units of Weights and Measures. Price $2.50. SO Catalog No. C13 10286. UpdalBd 811/96 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1. Introduction. ..............................................1 2. Characteristics of Phosphorus Pentasulfide 1 3. Uses of Phosphorus Pentasulfide 1 4.
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