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The Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena Vi THE INSPIRATION OF ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA VI COVER ILLUSTRATION: L. D. Detouche, Galil´ee et le doge L´eonardo Donato , detail, 19 th century, litograph, 57.5 cm × 67.5 cm, Private Collection, Venice. ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES a series of books on recent developments in astronomy and astrophysics Volume 441 EDITORIAL STAFF Managing Editor: Joseph Jensen Associate Managing Editor: Jonathan Barnes Publication Manager: Pepita Ridgeway Editorial Assistant: Cindy Moody LATEX Consultant: T. J. Mahoney MS 179, Utah Valley University, 800 W. University Parkway, Orem, Utah 84058-5999 Phone: 801-863-8804 E-mail: [email protected] E-book site: http://www.aspbooks.org PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Lynne Hillenbrand, Chair Jill Bechtold California Institute of Technology University of Arizona Marsha J. Bishop Gary J. Ferland National Radio Astronomy Observatory University of Kentucky Scott J. Kenyon Doug Leonard Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory San Diego State University Don McCarthy Ren e´ Racine The University of Arizona Universit e´ de Montr eal´ Travis Rector Ata Sarajedini University of Alaska Anchorage University of Florida ASPCS volumes may be found online with color images at http://www.aspbooks.org . ASP monographs may be found online at http://www.aspmonographs.org . For a complete list of ASPCS volumes, ASP monographs, and other ASP publications see http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs.html . All book order and subscription inquiries should be directed to the ASP at 800-335-2626 (toll-free within the USA) or 415-337-2126, or email [email protected] ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES Volume 441 THE INSPIRATION OF ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA VI Proceedings of a conference celebrating the 400 th anniversary of Galileo’s first use of the telescope organized by Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universit a` di Padova INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Specola Vaticana held at Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, Venice, Italy 18–23 October 2009 Edited by Enrico Maria Corsini Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universit`adi Padova, Padova, Italy SAN FRANCISCO ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC 390 Ashton Avenue San Francisco, California, 94112-1722, USA Phone: 415-337-1100 Fax: 415-337-5205 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.astrosociety.org E-books: www.aspbooks.org First Edition !c 2011 by Astronomical Society of the Pacific ASP Conference Series All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system—without written permission from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. ISBN: 978-1-58381-762-9 e-book ISBN: 978-1-58381-763-6 Library of Congress (LOC) Cataloging in Publication (CIP) Data: Main entry under title Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN): 2011903196 Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Michigan. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Foreword ...................................... xi F. Bertola and E. M Corsini Welcome Address . xv G. A. Danieli Welcome Address . xvii H. Em. Card. A. Scola Welcome Address . xix R. M. Sinclair Participants . xxiii Session I. Galileo and His Age Galileo and Bellarmine . 3 G. V. Coyne, S.J. A Telescope Inventor’s Spyglass Possibly Reproduced in a Brueghel’s Painting . 13 P. Molaro and P. Selvelli Elsheimer, Galileo, and The Flight into Egypt ................... 23 D. Howard and M. S. Longair The Enigmatic Face of the Moon . 31 C. D. Galles and C. J. Gallagher The Telescope: Outline of a Poetic History . 37 M. Pastore Stocchi Galileo Reader and Annotator . 43 O. Besomi Music in Galileo’s Time . 55 P. Petrobelli Galileo and Music: A Family A ffair ........................ 57 D. Fabris Galileo as a Patient . 73 G. Thiene and C. Basso Galileo Through a Lens: Views of His Life and Work on Stage and Screen . 85 S. Perkowitz v vi Contents The Long View: Light, Vision, and Visual Culture After Galileo . 89 G. N. Wells A Never Ending Story: The Pontifical Commission on the Galileo Case: A Critical Review . 99 M. S anchez´ de Toca Session II. Astronomy and Art Padua and the Stars: Medieval Painting and Illuminated Manuscripts . 111 G. Mariani Canova The Palazzo della Ragione in Padua: Representation and Communication of Art, Architecture, and Astrology of a Civic Monument . 131 M. Borgherini and E. Garbin Transient Astronomical Events as Inspiration Sources of Medieval and Renaissence Art . 139 M. Incerti, F. B onoli,` and V. F. Polcaro The Church of San Miniato al Monte, Florence: Astronomical and Astrological Connections . 151 V. Shrimplin Piero della Francesca’s Sky in The Dream of Constantine . 161 V. Valerio Giorgio Vasari and the Image of the Hour . 169 M. Wellington Gahtan Scripture in the Sky: Jeremias Drexel, Julius Schiller, and the Christianizing of the Constellations . 181 M. Mendillo and A. Shapiro Celestial Phenomena and Royal Glory: The Painted Ceiling in Ehrenstrahlsalongen by David Kl ocker¨ Ehrenstrahl at Drottningholm Palace in Sweden . 197 I. Elmqvist S oderlund¨ Blinded by the Light: Solar Eclipses in Art–Science, Symbolism, and Spectacle . 205 R. J. M. Olson and J. M. Pasacho ff Man, Controller of the Universe ..........................217 R. P. Olowin Cosmic Thing: Astrology, Space Science, and Personal Cartography in Robert Rauschenberg’s Autobiography .......................221 C. L. Carey Modern Earthworks and Their Cosmic Embrace . 225 J. G. Hatch Contents vii Silence ........................................235 J. Cogswell From Earth to Sky: (Observations of) a Transformation . 245 E. A. Feinberg The Cosmic Labyrinth ................................253 M. Atkinson The Astronomical Paintings of Fred Bendheim . 259 F. Bendheim Two Dimensions . 261 G. Nadler Art and Astronomy . 263 L. Crighton-Lyon Session III. Astronomy and Music Big Bang Circus ...................................269 C. Ambrosini uniVERSE: A Thought Symphony ..........................279 G. Schwartz Session IV. Astronomy and Literature Poetry of the Stars . 289 P. Boitani The Hands of the Pleiades: The Celestial Clock in the Classical Arabic Poetry of Dh ual-Rumma................................311¯ W. B. Adams The Alphabet and the Sky . 317 A. Lebeuf Astronomy as an Episodic but Critical Element in Literature . 327 R. M. Sinclair From the Satellites of Jupiter to Lost Time : Galileo, Proust, and the Demise of the Paris Meridian . 333 D. Garwood Sacred Sky and Cyberspace . 343 F. Clynes viii Contents Session V. Astronomy and Religion The Discovery of the Regular Movements of Celestial Bodies and the Development of Monotheism in the Ancient Near East . 353 G. B. Lanfranchi Mas. s. artu : The Observation of Astronomical Phenomena in Assyria (7 th CenturyBC)...............................361 F. M. Fales Tot Graeci Tot Sententiae : Astronomical Perspective Multiplicity in Ancient Greece . 371 O. Longo Cicero’s Cosmos: Somnium Scipionis (“The Dream of Scipio”) . 375 N. Miller The Milky Way: Path to the Empyrean? . 387 L. Harris Israel’s Quadrant : Weeping, Laughing, and the Measures of the Stars . 393 A. A. Locci Astronomical Phenomena that Influenced the Compilation of Anno Domini . 399 S. Rothwangl Session VI. Astronomy and Inspiration Substances of the Ancient Cosmology . 409 I. Simonia and T. Simonia Enchantment and the Awe of the Heavens . 415 N. Campion Seeing is Believing–Astronomy and Contemporary Art Forms . 423 J. D. Mooney Galileo: A Reverie . 435 C. Impey From Failure to Symbol of Astronomical Discovery: The Inspiring Story of the Hubble Space Telescope ...........................443 A. Nota Finding Inspiration in the Face of Endangered Starry Skies . 451 C. A. Moore, A. M. Richman, and V. D. Chamberlain Going Public . 461 E. C. Krupp The Haus der Astronomie in Heidelberg–A New Center for Education and Outreach . 471 J. Staude Contents ix Communicating Astronomy to School Children Through Art . 479 A. Ortiz-Gil and M. Gomez Collado Annotations of a Public Astronomer . 483 A. Adamo Session VII. Astronomy and History Astronomical Significance of Ancient Monuments . 487 I. Simonia Three Worlds of the Megalithic Observatory Kokino . ........495 G. Cenev Lunar Observations and Their Usefulness for Chronology . 503 R. Gautschy Sirius Rising 139 AD: Hadrian, Tivoli, and the Tazza Farnese ...........509 P. Aakhus Saving the Phenomena in Medieval Astronomy . 519 K. Seeskin Suns of Gold and Other Precious Items: Heavenly Phenomena Presented in 15 th Century Manuscripts of the Heidelberg University Library . 525 R. Bien and K. Zimmermann Stars, Manuscripts, and Astrolabes–The Stellar Constellations in a Group of Medieval Manuscripts between Latin Literature and a New Science of the Stars . 533 W. Metzger Doctor and Hobby Astronomer in Stormy Times: The Book Legacy of Dr. Johannes H aringshauser¨ (1603-1642) . 543 G. Davison Athanasius Kircher: The 17 th Century Science at the Crossroads . 547 R. Buonanno Author Index .....................................557 Foreword At the beginning of the summer of 1609, Galileo Galilei learned of the invention in Flanders of a combination of lenses, which enabled to see remote things as if they were close up. At that time he was Professor at the University of Padua and immediately started making a similar instrument himself. His technical ability was such that he made a telescope with exceptional optical qualities. In a letter dated 24 August
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