DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Streak Virus Causing Soybean Necrosis in India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Streak Virus Causing Soybean Necrosis in India Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 7, April 2008, pp 214-217 Molecular characterization of Tobacco streak virus causing soybean necrosis in India N Arun Kumar1,2, M Lakshmi Narasu2, Usha B Zehr1 and K S Ravi1* 1Mahyco Research Center, Jalna-Aurangabad Road, Dawalwadi, Post Box No. 76, Jalna 413 203, India 2Center for Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 072, India Received 13 March 2007; revised 3 May 2007; accepted 13 September 2007 A virus isolate infecting soybean (Glycine max L.) with characteristic symptoms of necrosis was collected from various locations of Maharashtra, India. The virus was detected as Tobacco streak virus (TSV) by direct antigen-coating-enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) using TSV specific antiserum. ELISA positive TSV soybean isolates upon mechanical transmission onto indicator hosts, viz. Vigna unguiculata cv. C-152, Glycine max and Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, produced characteristic local necrotic lesions on primary inoculated leaves, followed by systemic infection. Coat protein (CP) gene from a representative soybean isolate (TSV-SB) was amplified using TSV CP specific primers. The amplicon of ~750 bp was cloned and sequenced. The CP gene consists of 717 nucleotides, potential of coding a polypeptide of 238 amino acid residues. The CP gene of TSV-SB isolate shared 98.3 to 99.3% nucleotide and 96.6 to 98.3% amino acid sequence homology with the TSV isolates characterized from India. With TSV-WC (White clover isolate from America, type strain) and TSV-BR (Soybean isolate from Brazil), TSV-SB isolate shared 88.7% and 79.2% amino acid sequence homology, respectively. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on amino acid sequence analysis showed a close clustering of TSV-SB isolate with other TSV isolates from India than with the American and Brazilian strains. Based on CP gene sequence analysis, it is concluded that the TSV-SB isolate is a strain of TSV that is prevalent in India. This is the first report of molecular characterization of TSV infecting soybean from India. Keywords: coat protein gene, Tobacco streak virus, soybean Introduction from USA7,8 and Brazil9,10, where it contributed to A disease characterized as bud blight with yield losses of 25 and 100%, respectively. symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis of leaves, stem, and In recent years, TSV has emerged as an important buds, and stunting was reported to cause serious virus infecting several economically important crops damage to soybean (Glycine max L.) in India1. Based in India4,5,11-19. In India, based on coat protein (CP) on the serological and molecular characterization, the gene sequence analysis, the virus isolate infecting causal agent of soybean bud blight was identified as a sunflower crop was identified as a strain of TSV strain of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV)2,3. In distinct from the type strain, TSV-WC (White clover recent years, Tobacco streak virus (TSV)—an isolate from America)19-20. Further, the CP gene economically important virus in India—was reported sequence analysis of the TSV isolates characterized to produce similar symptoms of necrosis4,5 as from various crops and locations of India was described in the bud blight disease of soybean3. Such reported to share 99 to 100% nucleotide sequence similarity in the necrotic symptoms due to TSV or homology among each other and shared 88 to 89% GBNV infections was earlier reported on groundnut6. sequence homology with the type strain19-21. Recently, Serological reaction5 and reverse transcription a TSV isolate causing soybean bud blight disease in polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)4 confirmed the Brazil (TSV-BR) was reported to be a distinct strain TSV infection in soybean. The necrosis of soybean of TSV, which shared 81.3 and 80.7% nucleotide was reported to be prevalent upto 40% in Maharashtra sequence homology with the CP gene of TSV-WC resulting in severe yield losses5. The association of and TSV-MB (mungbean isolate from India), TSV with bud blight of soybean was earlier reported respectively10. However, the complete molecular ___________ identity of the soybean isolate causing necrosis * Author for correspondence: Tel: 91-2482-262001; Fax: 91-2482-234621 disease in India was not addressed. Thus, the present E-mail: [email protected] study was aimed to determine the molecular KUMAR et al: CHARACTERIZATION OF TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS SOYBEAN ISOLATE 215 characterization and phylogenetic relationship of the Cloning, Sequencing and Sequence Analysis TSV soybean isolate from India. The amplicon was gel eluted using QIAEXII gel extraction kit (Qiagen Inc., Chatsworth, CA, USA) Materials and Methods and ligated into pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) following the manufacturer’s Virus Isolates instructions. The ligated product was transformed into Soybean plants showing symptoms of chlorosis, Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells by following mosaic mottling, necrosis of leaves, petiole, stem and 22 pods were collected from Jalna, Beed and Osmanabad standard molecular biology procedures . regions of Maharashtra. Symptomatic samples Recombinant clones were identified by restriction collected from various locations were diagnosed by digestion analysis using NcoI and XhoI enzymes. The recombinant TSV CP plasmid was sequenced with direct antigen-coating-enzyme-linked immunosorbent universal sequencing primers (T7 and M13 reverse) assay (DAC-ELISA) using TSV specific polyclonal antiserum (Mahyco Research Center)5. The ELISA using BigDye termination cycle sequencing kit positive samples were further inoculated onto Vigna (Applied Biosystems, USA) and analyzed in an unguiculata cv. C-152 (cowpea), G. max and automated DNA sequencer (ABI Prism377, Applied Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi (tobacco) by Biosystems). Nucleotide sequence data was compiled mechanical sap inoculations, using 0.05 M phosphate using ContigExpress and AlignX program in Vector buffer, pH 7.0 containing 0.075% (v/v) mono- NTI version 6.0 software. Translations of the primary thioglycerol, under greenhouse conditions. nucleotide sequences, multiple sequence alignment and the sequence homologies with the corresponding Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) CP gene sequence of other TSV isolates were To determine the identity of the virus isolate determined using Bio Edit Sequence Alignment infecting soybean, a representative isolate from Editor. Based on the sequence homologies, a Osmanabad region was analyzed molecularly. Total phylogenetic tree was generated using NTSYS-pc RNA isolated from the infected and healthy soybean version 2.11 software. The CP gene sequences of TSV leaf tissue, using RNeasy plant extraction kit (Qiagen isolates used in the present sequence analysis were Inc., Chatsworth, CA, USA), was used as a template downloaded from NCBI GenBank (Table 1). in RT-PCR with TSV CP specific primers. The Results and Discussion forward (5′-CATGCCATGGCAATGAATACTTT Infected soybean plants showing the symptoms of GATCCAA-3′) and reverse (5'-CCGCTCGAG chlorosis and necrotic lesions on leaves, veins, mid- ATCTTGATTCACCAGGAAAT-3') primers were rib, petioles, stem and pods reacted positive with the designed to amplify the complete coding region of TSV polyclonal antiserum in DAC-ELISA, TSV CP. The primers were linked to adapters suggesting association of TSV with the necrosis containing NcoI and XhoI restriction sites disease. Of 30 soybean samples collected from Jalna, (underlined) at 5′ end of the forward and reverse Osmanabad and Beed regions of Maharashtra, 25 primer, respectively. Amplification was performed in ® Table 1—NCBI accession numbers of coat protein gene sequence an automated PCR machine (GeneAmp PCR system of Tobacco streak virus isolates characterized from India, USA 9700, PE Applied Biosystems) programmed for one and Brazil cycle of cDNA synthesis at 45°C for 45 min, followed Host Location Isolate code Acc.No. by denaturation of reverse transcriptase at 94°C for 3 Sunflower Tamil Nadu TSV-SF Cbt AF400664 min and amplification of 35 cycles comprising the Sunflower Maharashtra TSV-SF A'bad AY061928 following parameters: 94°C of denaturation for 45 Sunflower Karnataka TSV-SF Blr AY061929 sec, 60°C of annealing for 45 sec, and at 72°C of Sunflower Andhra Pradesh TSV-SF Hyd AY061930 extension for 1 min, followed by a cycle of final Sunflower Tamil Nadu TSV-SF Cbt AU1 DQ233634 extension at 72°C for 10 min. RT-PCR was carried Mungbean Tamil Nadu TSV-MB AF515823 Cotton Maharashtra TSV-CO AF515824 out using one-step Qiagen RT-PCR kit (Qiagen Inc., Sunhemp Tamil Nadu TSV-SH AF515825 Chatsworth, CA, USA). The RT-PCR product was Chilli Uttar Pradesh TSV-CH AY590139 analyzed on a 0.8% agarose gel, stained with ethidium Cowpea Tamil Nadu TSV-CP DQ058079 bromide (0.5 µg/mL) and viewed under Urdbean Tamil Nadu TSV-UB DQ225172 White Clover America TSV-WC X00435 transilluminator. Soybean Brazil TSV-BR AY354406 216 INDIAN J BIOTECHNOL, APRIL 2008 reacted to TSV antiserum with absorbance values at conserved CP amino acid sequence of the Indian TSV A405 nm ranged from 0.48 to 1.80. The symptomatic isolate. With TSV-WC (American) and TSV-BR leaf (ELISA positive) samples upon mechanical sap (Brazilian), CP of TSV-SB isolate shared 88.7 and inoculation produced necrotic lesions on the 79.2% amino acid sequence homology, respectively. inoculated primary leaves of cowpea cv. C-152, The phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced soybean and tobacco followed by systemic necrosis amino acid sequences showed a close clustering of confirming the natural infection of TSV on soybean TSV-SB with other Indian TSV isolates, irrespective plants. of the hosts and the locations from which/where the In RT-PCR analysis, total RNA isolated from the isolates were characterized; while it diverged from the symptomatic soybean leaf tissue amplified ~750 bp type strain as well as the Brazilian soybean isolate fragment corresponding to the CP gene of TSV. No (Fig. 1). such amplification was observed when total RNA In the present study, the association of TSV with extracted from a healthy soybean leaf tissue (data not necrosis disease of soybean in India was established shown).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Report on the Occurrence of Tobacco Streak Virus in Sunflower in Iran
    010_JPP1080RP(Hosseini)_585 20-11-2012 11:46 Pagina 585 Journal of Plant Pathology (2012), 94 (3), 585-589 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2012 585 FIRST REPORT ON THE OCCURRENCE OF TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS IN SUNFLOWER IN IRAN S. Hosseini1, M. Koohi Habibi2, G. Mosahebi2, M. Motamedi2 and S. Winter3 1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 3 DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany SUMMARY in the Netherlands (Dijkstra, 1983). Generally, TSV does not become epidemic but in sunflowers there are Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), an important oilseed exceptions reported from India and Australia (Prasada crop grown in Iran and many other countries, is a fre- Rao et al., 2003). The major method of transmission is quent host of Tobacco streak virus (TSV, genus by infected pollen, which can be spread by wind or car- Ilarvirus), which infects a wide range of crops and ried by thrips (Greber et al., 1991). In the present study, weeds. To study the occurrence and distribution of TSV the status of TSV in sunflower plants was determined in in Iran, 1,272 samples were collected from sunflower Iran based on visual symptoms and ELISA testing, and fields in Kerman, Golestan, Isfahan, Mazandaran, Qom, further confirmed by RT-PCR. Two viral isolates from Azarbayejan-Gharbi, Markazi, Hamedan and Tehran two separate Iranian regions were characterized. provinces during 2006 to 2008. TSV was detected by DAS-ELISA in 20.9% of the samples.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2B Protein of Asparagus Virus 2 Functions As an RNA Silencing Suppressor Against Systemic Silencing to Prove Functional Synteny with Related Cucumoviruses
    Virology 442 (2013) 180–188 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Virology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro The 2b protein of Asparagus virus 2 functions as an RNA silencing suppressor against systemic silencing to prove functional synteny with related cucumoviruses Hanako Shimura n, Chikara Masuta, Naoto Yoshida, Kae Sueda, Masahiko Suzuki Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608589, Japan article info abstract Article history: Asparagus virus 2 (AV-2) is a member of the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae. We cloned the coat Received 31 October 2012 protein (CP) and the 2b protein (2b) genes of AV-2 isolates from asparagus plants from various regions Returned to author for revisions and found that the sequence for CP and for 2b was highly conserved among the isolates, suggesting that 5 April 2013 AV-2 from around the world is almost identical. We then made an AV-2 infectious clone by simultaneous Accepted 18 April 2013 inoculation with in vitro transcripts of RNAs 1–3 of AV-2 and in vitro-synthesized CP, which is necessary Available online 13 May 2013 for initial infection. Because 2b of cucumoviruses in Bromoviridae can suppress systemic silencing as well Keywords: as local silencing, we analyzed whether there is functional synteny of 2b between AV-2 and cucumovirus. Asparagus virus 2 Using the AV-2 infectious clone, we here provided first evidence that Ilarvirus 2b functions as an RNA Ilarvirus silencing suppressor; AV-2 2b has suppressor activity against systemic silencing but not local silencing. Genetic variability & 2013 Elsevier Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Tobacco Streak Virus and Related Subgroup 1 Ilarviruses
    Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Tobacco streak virus and related subgroup 1 ilarviruses Murray Sharman Bachelor of Applied Science (Biology) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation 1 2 Abstract A quarter of Australia’s sunflower production is from the central highlands region of Queensland and is currently worth six million dollars ($AUD) annually. From the early 2000s a severe necrosis disorder of unknown aetiology was affecting large areas of sunflower crops in central Queensland, leading to annual losses of up to 20%. Other crops such as mung bean and cotton were also affected. This PhD study was undertaken to determine if the causal agent of the necrosis disorder was of viral origin and, if so, to characterise its genetic diversity, biology and disease cycle, and to develop effective control strategies. The research described in this thesis identified Tobacco streak virus (TSV; genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae) as the causal agent of the previously unidentified necrosis disorder of sunflower in central Queensland. TSV was also the cause of commonly found diseases in a range of other crops in the same region including cotton, chickpea and mung bean. This was the first report from Australia of natural field infections of TSV from these four crops. TSV strains have previously been reported from other regions of Australia in several hosts based on serological and host range studies. In order to determine the relatedness of previously reported TSV strains with TSV from central Queensland, we characterised the genetic diversity of the known TSV strains from Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: a Review
    plants Review Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: A Review Richard Hanˇcinský 1, Daniel Mihálik 1,2,3, Michaela Mrkvová 1, Thierry Candresse 4 and Miroslav Glasa 1,5,* 1 Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia 3 National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia 4 INRAE, University Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; [email protected] 5 Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-2-5930-2447 Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 22 May 2020; Published: 25 May 2020 Abstract: Plant viruses infecting crop species are causing long-lasting economic losses and are endangering food security worldwide. Ongoing events, such as climate change, changes in agricultural practices, globalization of markets or changes in plant virus vector populations, are affecting plant virus life cycles. Because farmer’s fields are part of the larger environment, the role of wild plant species in plant virus life cycles can provide information about underlying processes during virus transmission and spread. This review focuses on the Solanaceae family, which contains thousands of species growing all around the world, including crop species, wild flora and model plants for genetic research.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Sequence Analysis of a Novel Ilarvirus Infecting Sweet
    plants Communication Identification and Sequence Analysis of a Novel Ilarvirus Infecting Sweet Cherry Chrysoula G. Orfanidou 1 , Fei Xing 2, Jun Zhou 2, Shifang Li 2, Nikolaos I. Katis 1 and Varvara I. Maliogka 1,* 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] (C.G.O.); [email protected] (N.I.K.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; xingfl[email protected] (F.X.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (S.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-231-099-8716 Abstract: In the present study, we utilized high throughput and Sanger sequencing to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a putative new ilarvirus species infecting sweet cherry, tentatively named prunus virus I (PrVI). The genome of PrVI is comprised of three RNA segments of 3474 nt (RNA1), 2911 nt (RNA2), and 2231 nt (RNA3) and features conserved motifs representative of the genus Ilarvirus. BlastN analysis revealed 68.1–71.9% nt identity of PrVI with strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV). In subsequent phylogenetic analysis, PrVI was grouped together with SNSV and blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus (BCRV), both members of subgroup 1 of ilarviruses. In addition, mini-scale surveys in stone fruit orchards revealed the presence of PrVI in a limited number of sweet cherries and in one peach tree. Overall, our data suggest that PrVI is a novel species of the genus Ilarvirus and it consists the fifth member of the genus that is currently known to infect Prunus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of Tobacco Streak Virus in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/apdn Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2008, 3,27-- 29 First report of Tobacco streak virus in sunflower (Helianthus annuus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) in Australia M. SharmanA,B, J. E. ThomasA and D. M. PersleyA ADepartment of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Tobacco streak virus (genus Ilarvirus) is recorded on sunflower (Helianthus annuus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) in Australia for the first time. (a) (c) (b) (d) Fig. 1. Symptoms of TSV on naturally infected field samples of: (a) sunflower (TSV-1974); (b) chickpea (TSV-1979); (c) mung bean (TSV-2027) and (d) cotton (TSV-2120). Ó Australasian Plant Pathology Society 2008 10.1071/DN08012 1833-928X/08/010027 28 Australasian Plant Disease Notes M. Sharman et al. A significant proportion of the Australian total production of results by two independent diagnostic methods indicate that TSV sunflower (Helianthus annuus), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), is present. TSV isolates 1974, 1979, 2027 and 2120 have been mung bean (Vigna radiata) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lodged in the DPI&F Indooroopilly Plant Virus Collection. occurs in the Queensland grain belt. Sunflower is used primarily TSV-1974 was isolated from the field sample by manual for domestic consumption, whilst over 90% of the chickpea, inoculation to Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc, which mung bean and cotton production is exported (Anon. 2004, 2008; developed systemic necrotic etching and notched leaf margins Douglas 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • A Bromoviridae Member Associated with Chlorotic Leaf Symptoms on Sunflowers
    A Bromoviridae member associated with chlorotic leaf symptoms on sunflowers Fabián Giolitti1, Claudia Nome1, Griselda Visintin2, Soledad de Breuil1, Nicolás Bejerman1 and Sergio Lenardon 1,3. [email protected]; [email protected] 1- Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 cuadras Km. 5,5, X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina. 2- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. 3- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria Universidad, Nacional de Río Cuarto. ABSTRACT A bromovirus isolated from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was characterised and shown to be highly related to Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV), a virus reported in Italy, Spain, France, USA and Israel. Sunflower plants showing chlorotic concentric ring and linear pattern symptoms were observed near Paraná city (Entre Ríos Province) in commercial sunflower crops. This was the first observation of this type of symptoms in sunflower in Argentina, but similar ones have been reported in Africa and Mexico. The aim of this study was to characterize this new sunflower disease. The characterization was based on virus transmission, host range, electron microscopy and comparison of its sequence with those of related viruses. Virus transmission efficiency by mechanical inoculation to sunflower plants at the V2 vegetative stage was nearly 100%. Seed transmission was negative as plants derived from seeds of systemically infected plants showed no symptoms. A host range including 27 species of the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Dipsacaceae, Fabaceae and Scrophulariaceae was tested, and 59.26% of the inoculated species showed positive plants to viral infection.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated List of Legume-Infecting Viruses in the Light of Metagenomics
    plants Review An Annotated List of Legume-Infecting Viruses in the Light of Metagenomics Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; [email protected] Abstract: Legumes, one of the most important sources of human food and animal feed, are known to be susceptible to a plethora of plant viruses. Many of these viruses cause diseases which severely impact legume production worldwide. The causal agents of some important virus-like diseases remain unknown. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify many new viruses in various crops, including legumes. This review aims to present an updated list of legume-infecting viruses. Until 2020, a total of 168 plant viruses belonging to 39 genera and 16 families, officially recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), were reported to naturally infect common bean, cowpea, chickpea, faba-bean, groundnut, lentil, peas, alfalfa, clovers, and/or annual medics. Several novel legume viruses are still pending approval by ICTV. The epidemiology of many of the legume viruses are of specific interest due to their seed- transmission and their dynamic spread by insect-vectors. In this review, major aspects of legume virus epidemiology and integrated control approaches are also summarized. Keywords: cool season legumes; forage legumes; grain legumes; insect-transmitted viruses; pulses; integrated control; seed-transmitted viruses; virus epidemiology; warm season legumes Citation: Chatzivassiliou, E.K. An Annotated List of Legume-Infecting 1. Introduction Viruses in the Light of Metagenomics. Legume is a term used for the plant or the fruit/seed of plants belonging to the Plants 2021, 10, 1413.
    [Show full text]
  • Virus Disease of Small Fruits R
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 1987 Virus Disease of Small Fruits R. H. Converse United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub Part of the Agriculture Commons, Fruit Science Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Converse, R. H., "Virus Disease of Small Fruits" (1987). Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences. 393. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub/393 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Dedication The Editorial Committee dedicates this handbook to Dr. Norman W, Frazier Emeritus Professor of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley Emeritus Professor of Nematology, University of California, Davis and Chairman, Editorial Committee, Virus Diseases of Small Fruits and Grapevines, 1970 University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, BerKeley R. Casper Corvallis, Oregon D. Ramsdell August 1987 R. Stace-Smith R. H. Converse, Chairman Dr. Norman W. Frazier (1907- ) UnitedStates Department of Agriculture Virus Diseases Agricultural Research of Small Fruits Service Agriculture R. H. Converse, Editor Handbook Number 631 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Abstract Preface Converse, R. H., editor, 1987. Virus Diseases of Small Fruits This handbook is concerned with virus and viruslike diseases United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Hand- of cultivated Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium and is book No.
    [Show full text]
  • Safe Movement of Small Fruit Germplasm
    FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL PLANT OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENETIC RESOURCES INSTITUTE FAO/IPGRI TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE SAFE MOVEMENT OF SMALL FRUIT GERMPLASM Edited by M. Diekmann, E.A. Frison and T. Putter In collaboration with the Small Fruit Virus Working Group of the International Society for Horticultural Science 2 CONTENTS Introduction 4 2.Strawberrygreenpetal 31 3. Witches-broom and multiplier Contributors 6 disease 33 Prokaryoticdiseases-bacteria 35 General Recommendations 8 1.Strawberryangular leaf spot 35 2.Strawberrybacterialwilt 36 Technical Recommendations 8 3. Marginal chlorosis of strawberry 37 A. Pollen 8 Fungal diseases 38 B. Seed 9 1. Alternaria leaf spot 38 C. In vitro material 9 2 Anthracnose 39 D. Vegetative propagules 9 3. Fusarium wilt 40 E. Disease indexing 10 4.Phytophthoracrownrot 41 F. Therapy 11 5.Strawberry black root rot 42 6. Strawberry red stele (red core) 43 Descriptions of Pests 13 7. Verticillium wilt 44 Fragaria spp. (strawberry) 13 Ribesspp.(currant,gooseberry) 45 Viruses 13 Viruses 45 1. Ilarviruses 13 1.Alfalfamosaicvirus(AMV) 45 2. Nepoviruses 14 2. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 46 3. Pallidosis 15 3. Gooseberry vein banding virus 4. Strawberry crinkle virus (SCrV) 17 (GVBV) 48 5. Strawberry latent C virus (SLCV) 18 4. Nepoviruses 50 6.Strawberry mildyellow-edge 19 5.Tobacco rattlevirus(TRV) 51 7. Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) 21 Diseasesofunknownetiology 53 8. Strawberry pseudo mild 1. Black currant yellows 53 yellow-edgevirus(SPMYEV) 22 2. Reversion of red and black currant 54 9. Strawberry vein banding 3.Wildfireof blackcurrant 56 virus (SVBV) 23 4.Yellow leaf spotofcurrant 57 Diseasesofunknownetiology 25 Prokaryotic disease 58 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Strawberry Necrotic Shock Virus: a New Virus Previously Thought to Be Tobacco Streak Virus
    Strawberry Necrotic Shock Virus: A New Virus Previously Thought to Be Tobacco Streak Virus I.E. Tzanetakis I.C. Mackey and R.R. Martin Dept. of Botany and Plant Pathology USDA-ARS Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97330 Corvallis, 97331 USA USA Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa, Strawberry necrotic shock virus, Tobacco streak virus, detection Abstract Tobacco streak virus (TSV) has a wide host range that exceeds 80 species (Fulton, 1948). Most of the efforts carried out previously comparing TSV isolates was based on immunological relations between them. The isolates of the virus from Fragaria and Rubus have been considered to be very closely related if not identical while they are distinct from isolates of other hosts. While trying to characterize the viruses associated with pallidosis disease, we cloned part of the genome of a virus with homology to TSV but distinct enough to be considered a unique virus and not an isolate of TSV. Here we report the complete sequence of RNA 3 of the virus from a strawberry isolate as well as the sequence of the coat protein gene from an additional nine strawberry as well as five Rubus isolates. The data suggest that Fragaria and Rubus are infected with a virus closely related to TSV, designated as Strawberry necrotic shock virus from the name given by Frasier et al. in the first report of the virus infecting strawberry. We were unable to acquire any amplicons utitizing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from the published sequence for TSV, an indication that strawberry and Rubus may not be hosts for TSV.
    [Show full text]
  • New and Emerging Viruses of Blueberry and Cranberry
    Viruses 2012, 4, 2831-2852; doi:10.3390/v4112831 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review New and Emerging Viruses of Blueberry and Cranberry Robert R. Martin 1,*, James J. Polashock 2 and Ioannis E. Tzanetakis 3 1 USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA 2 USDA-ARS, GIFVL, 125A Lake Oswego Rd. Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-541-738-4041, Fax: +1-541-738-4025. Received: 4 October 2012; in revised form: 22 October 2012 / Accepted: 31 October 2012 / Published: 6 November 2012 Abstract: Blueberry and cranberry are fruit crops native to North America and they are well known for containing bioactive compounds that can benefit human health. Cultivation is expanding within North America and other parts of the world raising concern regarding distribution of existing viruses as well as the appearance of new viruses. Many of the known viruses of these crops are latent or asymptomatic in at least some cultivars. Diagnosis and detection procedures are often non-existent or unreliable. Whereas new viruses can move into cultivated fields from the wild, there is also the threat that devastating viruses can move into native stands of Vaccinium spp. or other native plants from cultivated fields. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of blueberry and cranberry viruses, focusing not only on those that are new but also those that are emerging as serious threats for production in North America and around the world.
    [Show full text]