Volcanic Rocks of the Nyurbinskaya Pipe
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0 Russian Academy of Sciences Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry Siberian Branch Far Eastern Geological Institute Far Eastern Brach Russian Foundation of Basic Research Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes (Глубинный магматизм, его источники и плюмы) PROCEEDING of VIII International Workshop « Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes » Edited by Dr. N.V. Vladykin VLADIVOSTOK IRKUTSK 2008 1 UDK 552.33+ 552.33 Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes Proceedings of the VIII Interntional Conference. Publishing House of the Institute of Geography SB RAS, 2008, 237 p., ISBN 978-5-94797-130-9. Vol.1. This book offers invited papers of the international workshop organized in Vladivostok. The invited reports discuss the features of alkaline, carbonatite and kimberlite magmatism. They also disclose the influence of the fluid on the thermal regime of mantle plumes. The model of mechanism of forming the core and silicate Earth’s cover is given. The evolution of structure of the continental lithosphere under the influence of plume processes is discussed using the data of numerous thermobarometers, obtained from different minerals of mantle xenoliths from kimberlites of the Siberian Platform and the composition of xenoliths. The fluid regime of the lithosphere mantle of the Siberian Platform is proved using the data on the mineral composition and volatile components of the mantle xenoliths in kimberlites. The mineralogical and petrographic composition of the kimberlites of the Upper Muya field, Yakutia was studied and the features of the composition of the lithosphere mantle under this field were calculated. The evolution of the upper mantle from the Riphean to the Carbonaceous was discussed using the data on xenoliths of volcanic rocks of the Nyurba pipe (Yakutia). Geochemical types of kimberlites and their mantle sources are compared for the Yakutian and Arkhangelsk provinces. Inclusions in diamonds from Yakutian kimberlites are investigated. 4 formation types of carbonatites are described; mantle types of their sources are defined using Nd-Sr and C-O isotopes. Coefficients of distribution of rare elements between rhoenite and silicate melt in volcanics are calculated. Mantle sources are considered for peridotites of the archipelago from Sal Island, Cape Verde Archipelago in the Atlantic using data on Re- Os isotopes. Geochemical features of alkaline rocks of the Paleozoic magmatism of Belarus are discussed. Variations in Pt and Au compositions (mineralization of unique alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Konder, Eastern Aldan) are studied. The book is of great importance for petrologists, geochemists, and specialists studying deep alkaline and kimberlite magmatism, students and teaching staff of Universities. Published following the decision of the Scientific Council of Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS Editor: Prof. N.V. Vladykin Reviewers: Prof. V.S. Antipin Original-model: S.S.Tsipukova Institute of Geography SB RAS 664033, Irkutsk, Ulanbatorskaja str. 1 Published in Glazkovskaya printing House Irkutsk, Gogol str., 53. Order № 1960. Edition 100 copies. ISBN 978-5-94797-130-9 © Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, 2008 © Irkutsk Geography SB RAS, 2008 Photo on the cover page volcanj Pectusan in Primorsky krai (after V.G.Sakhno) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Anfilogov V.N., Khachay Y.V. The mechanism of the Earth core and silicate 5 envelopes formation. 2. Vladykin N.V. Formation types of carbonatites: geochemistry and genesis 14 3. Ryabchikov I.D.,Kogarko L.N.,Brügmann G.Mantle sources of highly reduced 25 melts in peridotites from Sal Island,Cape Verde Archipelago 4. Kogarko L.N., Hellebrand E., Ryabchikov I.D. Trace element partitioning 32 between rhönite and silicate melt in Cape Verde volcanics 5. Pokhilenko N.P. Permo-Triassic Superplume and its influence to the Siberian 41 lithospheric mantle 6. Logvinova A.M., Wirth R., Fedorova E.N., Sobolev N.V. Multi-phase assemblages of nanometer-sized inclusions in cloudy Siberian diamonds: evidence 53 from TEM 7. Sablukov S.M. , Sablukova L.I. , Stegnitsky Yu.B. , Karpenko M.A., Spivakov S.V. Volcanic rocks of the Nyurbinskaya pipe: a portrayal of regional upper mantle 71 evolution from the Riphean to the Carboniferous time, and its geodynamic relationship 8. Ashchepkov I.V., Pokhilenko N.P. , Vladykin N.V. , Logvinova A.M., Rotman A.Y. , Afanasiev V.P., Pokhilenko L.N. , Kuligin S.S. , Malygina L.V. , Alymova 104 N.V., , Stegnitsky Y.B. , Khmelnikova O.S. Plume interaction and evolution of the continental mantle lithosphere 9. Pokhilenko L.N., Pokhilenko N.P., Fedorov I.I., Tomilenko A.A., Usova L.V., Fomina L.N., Sobolev V.S. Fluid regime peculiarities of the lithosphere mantle of 122 the Siberian platform 10. Spetsius Z.V., Zezekalo M.Yu., Tarskhix O.V. Pecularities of mineralogy and petrography of the Upper-Muna field kimberlites: application to the lithospheric 137 mantle composition 11. Lapin A.V., Tolstov A.V. Geochemical types of kimberlites and their mantle 147 sources 12. Mikhailov N.D., Vladykin N.V., Laptsevich A.G. Geochemical features of 169 alkali rocks of Palaeozoic magmatism of Belarus 13. Lennikov A.M., Zalishchak B.L., Oktyabrsky R.A., Ivanov V.V. Variations of Chemical composition in platinum-group minerals and gold of the Konder alkali- 181 ultrabasic massif, Aldan Schield, Russia 14. Stoppa F. Alkaline and ultramafic lamprophyres in Italy: distribution, mineral 209 phases and bulk rock data 3 FOREWORD The fact is well accepted that alkaline rocks represent unique formations on the Earth. They have been long attractive for research because large Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, TR, Cu and P deposits, gemstones of charoite, Cr-diopside, dianite are associated with them. For instance, in Australia diamonds are recovered in lamproites. The complicated processes of their formation provoked scientific disputes still going on. The newly developed analytical methods and techniques provided abundant information on the composition of alkaline rocks. The data on geochemistry of isotopes confirm the evidence on the mantle sources of the substance of alkaline rocks. The new concepts of plume tectonics are applied by scientists when studying alkaline rocks as the deep-seated geodynamics of the Earth is interpreted based on these data. These problems were discussed at the international workshops held in 2001 at the Institute of Geochemistry in Irkutsk; in 2002 at the Far-East Geological Institute, Vladivostok; in 2003 at the Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics in Khabarovsk, in 2004 at Geological Institute in Ulan- Ude, in 2005 at the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky), in 2006 in TSNIGRI JC “ALROSA” in Mirny, in 2007 in Irkutsk and Naples (Italy). We are very grateful to the Italian colleagues, the Department Director Università di Perugia Prof. Walter Dragoni for arranging the geological excursion to visit alkaline volcanoes in Italy and Prof. A.Peccerillo for conducting the above excursion. The workshop on 2008 was held at the Geological Institute, Far East Branch, Vladivostok, the invited reports of which are presented in this book. The model of mechanism of forming the core and silicate Earth’s cover is given. The evolution of structure of the continental lithosphere under the influence of plume processes is discussed using the data of numerous thermobarometers, obtained from different minerals of mantle xenoliths from kimberlites of the Siberian Platform and the composition of xenoliths. The fluid regime of the lithosphere mantle of the Siberian Platform is proved using the data on the mineral composition and volatile components of the mantle xenoliths in kimberlites. The mineralogical and petrographic composition of the kimberlites of the Upper Muya field, Yakutia was studied and the features of the composition of the lithosphere mantle under this field were calculated. The evolution of the upper mantle from the Riphean to the Carbonaceous was discussed using the data on xenoliths of volcanic rocks of the Nyurba pipe (Yakutia). Geochemical types of kimberlites and their mantle sources are compared for the Yakutian and Arkhangelsk provinces. Inclusions in diamonds from Yakutian kimberlites are investigated. 4 formation types of carbonatites are described; mantle types of their sources are defined using Nd-Sr and C-O isotopes. Coefficients of distribution of rare elements between rhoenite and silicate melt in volcanics are calculated. Mantle sources are considered for peridotites of the archipelago from Sal Island, Cape Verde Archipelago in the Atlantic using data on Re-Os isotopes. Geochemical features of alkaline rocks of the Paleozoic magmatism of Belarus are discussed. Variations in Pt and Au compositions (mineralization of unique alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Konder, Eastern Aldan) are studied. The book might present interest to specialists involved in petrological and geochemical investigations as well as those studying deep alkaline and kimberlite magmatism. Chairman of Organizing Committee, Chief Editor Dr. N.V. Vladykin 4 Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes UDK 523.3 The mechanism of the earth core and silicate envelopes formation Anfilogov V.N.1, Khachay Y.V.2 1Institute of mineralogy Ural division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, Russia 2Institute of geophysics Ural division of Russian Academy of Sciences. Ekaterinburg, Russia ABSTRACT The mechanism of core formation and possible mantle composition are considered with using the two stage model of the Earth formation. The model is presumed that the solid particles