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Boston, Massachussetts Case Study

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Boston, Massachussetts Case Study BOSTON, MASSACHUSSETTS SILVER LINE BRT Table of Contents BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS (USA) ................................................1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 1 CITY CONTEXT......................................................................................................................... 1 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND.................................................................. 1 WASHINGTON STREET TRANSITWAY ................................................................................... 2 WATERFRONT (SOUTH BOSTON SEAPORT) BUS TUNNEL..................................................... 2 PHYSICAL ELEMENTS........................................................................................................... 3 Section A: South Station to World Trade Center Tunnel/Seaport District Surface Routes............................................................................................................................ 3 Section B: Dudley Square to Downtown Crossing (Surface Route)............................. 3 Section C: New England Medical Center to South Station Tunnel .............................. 3 DESIGN FEATURES ............................................................................................................... 4 VEHICLES............................................................................................................................. 4 Section A: South Station to World Trade Center/AITC ................................................ 4 Section B: Dudley Square to Downtown Crossing ....................................................... 5 NEW TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................... 5 SERVICE DESIGN AND OPERATION .......................................................................................... 6 SERVICE PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 7 FARE COLLECTION............................................................................................................... 7 CAPACITY COMPARISONS .................................................................................................... 7 RIDERSHIP............................................................................................................................ 7 ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 7 LESSONS LEARNED .............................................................................................................. 8 APPLICABILITY .................................................................................................................... 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................9 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS (USA) Silver Line BRT SUMMARY The 4.1-mile [6.6-km] Silver Line BRT connecting Dudley Square, South Station, and the South Boston Seaport will add a fifth rapid transit line to downtown Boston. The transitway will include three sections: Section A, a 1.1-mile [2-km] bus tunnel between South Station and the Waterfront, is scheduled to open by 2004; Section B, a 2.2-mile [3.5-km] section of curbed bus lanes with improved stations along Washington Street between Dudley Square and downtown opened in 2002; and Section C, a tunnel link between South Station and Washington Street is scheduled to open by 2010. Daily ridership on Sections A and C is estimated at 40,000 by 2005, and, for the entire system, at 65,000 by 2025. Costs are estimated at $600 million, $50 million, and $700 million for Sections A, B, and C, respectively. Dual-mode electric trolley and low-pollution fuel buses will operate in the tunnels. These 60-foot long, low-floor, easily accessible buses will have three sets of double-doors to expedite passenger boarding and alighting. Buses initially operating along Washington Street will use low-pollution fuel and will have the same design features and passenger amenities. Fare collection will be off vehicle at tunnel stations and at major stations along Washington Street. When buses leave the tunnel along the waterfront, they will use existing streets and tunnels to reach the Boston Convention and Exposition Center, Boston Marine Industrial Park, and Logan Airport. Thus, the Silver Line will permit direct service from the Financial District/South Station and ultimately Dudley Square to Logan Airport. Ultimately, the Silver Line will provide a one- seat ride from Dudley Square to Logan Airport. CITY CONTEXT The Boston urbanized area is one of the nation’s largest, oldest, and most densely developed urban regions. The urbanized area contains almost 3,000,000 residents, of which more than 700,000 live within the City of Boston. Employment in the 2.2-square-mile [6-square-km] Boston central business district (CBD) exceeds 265,000 and continues to increase. The central business district relies heavily on public transport, rail transit in particular (Figure 1). Three rapid transit lines (Blue, Red, Orange) and the multi-route Green Line LRT converge on and traverse the central area. In addition, commuter rail service operates to and from North and South Stations. Collectively, public transportation accounts for about 60% of the peak daytime accumulation of people. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND Boston’s “transit-first” policy was given impetus by Governor Sargent’s November 1973 Policy Statement on Transportation (1). This policy involved dropping the Inner Belt and I-95 Interstate Highways, establishing a downtown Boston parking space freeze, and expanding public transport investment. It led to transferring Interstate Funds to public transport. Boston, Massachusetts 1 WASHINGTON STREET TRANSITWAY The cleared path for I-91 through Jamaica Plain and Roxbury was converted to other uses. The Southwest Corridor Improvement Project (completed in 1987) resulted in relocating the Orange Rapid Transit and AMTRAK lines in a common area, building arterial streets, and providing parks and green space along with new housing in the corridor. The Washington Street Elevated Line between downtown and Dudley Square was removed, leaving residents in this area without rapid transit. This led to a 10-year dialogue between 1987 and 1997 as to the type and location of this replacement transit service – the Washington Street curb bus lanes and streetscape improvements under construction are the outgrowth of these discussions. WATERFRONT (SOUTH BOSTON SEAPORT) BUS TUNNEL The continued growth of downtown Boston over the past several decades has left little room to expand either within the center or in adjacent areas to the west and south. Although some land will become available along the Central Artery after its relocation below ground is completed (the Big Dig), the remaining growth area is located along the Boston Waterfront to the east of Fort Point Channel. This area was given an important impetus when the Federal Courthouse was relocated there in the 1990s to stimulate development. Major developments in process include the Boston Convention and Exposition Center (BCEC) and the Boston Marine Industrial Park (BMIC). Development in this area is expected to increase by 13.6 million square feet [1.3 square km] between 1992 and 2010, and another 4.6 million square feet [0.5 square km] from 2010 to 2025 (Table 1). Overall, about 27 million square feet [2.5 square km] of development is anticipated by 2010, and 31 million square feet is anticipated at “buildout” by 2025. The South Boston Seaport Area has limited street and public transport access. The South Boston Piers Transitway evolved in response to the need to better connect the area with major employment concentrations and rail lines in the South Station Area. In early 1998, the Silver Line concept emerged when the MBTA combined the Washington Street improved bus service and the South Piers Transitway into a single system and integrated the planning and development for each project. This also includes the integration of other approved projects like the Airport Intermodal Transit Connector (AITC) project, as well as coordination with new developments in the South Boston Seaport District, including the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center (BCEC) project and proposed development on Massport property. The Silver Line is a new Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) bus rapid transit line that will improve transit service for the Roxbury, South End, and Chinatown neighborhoods to the downtown financial district, new developments in the South Boston Seaport District including the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center (BCEC), and to Logan Airport. Intermodal connections will be provided with the Orange Line at the New England Medical Center and Chinatown Stations, the Green Line at the Boylston Station, and the Red Line, commuter rail, bus and intercity services at South Station. Connections to Logan Airport will be made by the Airport Intermodal Transit Connector (AITC). Boston, Massachusetts 2 PHYSICAL ELEMENTS The Silver Line BRT will extend 4.1 miles [6.6 km] from Dudley Square to the South Boston Waterfront. Figure 2 shows how the line relates to the existing rapid transit and commuter rail systems. Figure 3 shows the Silver Line’s three sections as they relate to their service areas. Section A: South Station
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