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O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas De Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa

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O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas De Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO INTERUNIDADES EM MUSEOLOGIA Rebeca Ribeiro Bombonato O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas De Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa São Paulo 2016 Rebeca Ribeiro Bombonato O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas De Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Museologia da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Museologia Área de concentração: Museologia Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Isabel Landim Linha de Pesquisa: Teoria e método da gestão patrimonial e dos processos museológicos Versão revisada (a versão original encontra-se na biblioteca do MAE) São Paulo 2016 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação integral deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (CIP) Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo B695 Bombonato, Rebeca Ribeiro. O tempo geológico nas narrativas de museus de história natural: uma análise comparativa / Rebeca Ribeiro Bombonato ; orientadora Maria Isabel Landim. -- São Paulo, 2016. 460 f. : il. color. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Programa de Pós- Graduação Interunidades em Museologia, 2016. 1. Narrativas expositivas. 2. Museus de História Natural. 3. Tempo geológico. 4. Evolução. 5. Comunicação museal. I. Landim, Maria Isabel. II. Universidade de São Paulo. Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia. Programa de Pós- Graduação Interunidades em Museologia. III. Título. Nome: BOMBONATO, Rebeca Ribeiro Título: O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas de Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pór-Graduação Interunidades em Museologia pela Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Museologia. Aprovado em: Banca examinadora Profa. Dra. __________________________ Instituição___________________ Julgamento__________________________ Assinatura__________________ Profa. Dra. __________________________ Instituição___________________ Julgamento__________________________ Assinatura__________________ Profa. Dra. __________________________ Instituição___________________ Julgamento__________________________ Assinatura__________________ Para Tila, Pedro e Jessica, razão maior do meu amor AGRADECIMENTOS À Profa. Dra. Maria Isabel Landim, pela oportunidade a mim dada, pela confiança em mim depositada, pela paciência e disposição em me auxiliar e por me guiar em uma nova trajetória. À Profa. Dra. Diana Gonçalves Vidal, Profa. Dra. Maria Cristina Bruno, Profa. Dra. Maria Margaret Lopes, Profa. Dra. Marília Xavier Cury, Profa. Dra. Marisa Coutinho Afonso: pelo tempo dedicado à leitura deste trabalho. À Deus, Senhor da minha vida, que prepara meu caminho, pelas portas abertas e fechadas, e pelas pessoas que colocou na minha vida. À Tila, por seu grande coração que me trouxe paz em momentos de dúvida, pelo seu apoio absoluto e amor incondicional. À Pedro, pela sua orientação e críticas ao longo desse processo, e pela paciência com essa filha tentando seguir seus passos. À Jessica, pela sua ajuda e companheirismo que, através de momentos divertidos acalentaram meu coração. À Felipe Alves Elias, pela sua disposição em me auxiliar, amizade e conhecimentos compartilhados. À Fabio Paiva Gerdulo, Noemi Fernandes Araújo, Rosangela Celina Cavalcante e Roseli Viana Retamero, pelo seu apoio, sugestões e amizade ao longo desses anos. Ao Instituto Brasileiro de Museus (IBRAM), ao Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoa de Nível Superior (CAPES) e à Ecole du Louvre, pela oportunidade e auxílio na realização do intercambio e estágio. À Galerie d’Anatomie comparée et Paléontologie, que na pessoa de Cécile Colin- Fromont, me recepcionou e orientou durante o estágio na galeria. “Deus fez tudo apropriado ao seu tempo. Também pôs no coração do homem o anseio pela eternidade; mesmo assim ele não consegue compreender inteiramente o que Deus fez. ” Eclesiastes 3:11 Resumo BOMBONATO, R.R., O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas De Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa. Dissertação (Mestrado). Universidade de São Paulo: São Paulo, 2016 Esta pesquisa visa analisar a utilização do tema "Tempo Geológico" nas narrativas de museus de História Natural através da análise de exposições em museus em quatro países: Alemanha, o Museum für Naturkunde de Berlim; Inglaterra, o Natural History Museum, em Londres; França, o Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris; Brasil, o Museu de Ciências Naturais e Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia, ambos em Porto Alegre. Foram analisadas três exposições no museu em Berlim: “Mundo dos Dinossauros” (Saurierwelt), “Cosmos e o Sistema Solar” (Kosmos und Sonnesystem) e “Evolução em Ação” (Evoluion in Aktion). No museu de Londres, foi estudada uma exposição na zona vermelha, “Desde o Início” (From the beginning). No museu francês, duas galerias foram estudadas, a Grande Galerie d'Evolution and a Galerie d'Anatomie comparée et Paléontologie. A primeira Galeria, a exposição “Evolução da vida” (L'evolução de la vie) foi estudada, enquanto na Galeria de Paleontologia, foram analisadas as exposições “Os Vertebrados” (Les Vertèbres) e “Os Invertebrados” (Les Invertébrès). No Museu de Ciências Naturais em Porto Alegre, a exposição permanente foi explorada, em que a evolução da vida na Terra é o foco. Quanto ao Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia, foram analisadas as exposições “Planeta Terra” e “Milhões de Anos”. É proposta uma análise qualitativa utilizando os dados da documentação literatura e disponíveis, bem como registos das exposições. Museus de História Natural tem um papel importante como instituições de extensão, apresentando os processos naturais da Terra. O Tempo Geológico é uma ferramenta chave para esse entendimento. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é comparar diferentes exposições (sua forma, organização e narrativas) para avaliar a abordagem de Tempo Geológico e também o seu potencial de integração normalmente tratados como áreas separadas em instituições de História Natural: Ciências da Terra e ciências da vida. Palavras-Chave: Narrativas expositivas; Museus de História Natural; Tempo geológico; Evolução; Comunicação museal. Abstract BOMBONATO, R.R., O Tempo Geológico Nas Narrativas De Museus De História Natural: Uma Análise Comparativa. Dissertação (Mestrado). Universidade de São Paulo: São Paulo, 2016 This research seeks to examine how the theme "Geological Time" is addressed in the narratives of Natural History Museums through the analysis of exhibits in museums in four countries: Germany, the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin; England, the Natural History Museum in London; France, the Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle in Paris; Brazil, the Museu de Ciências Naturais and the Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia, both in Porto Alegre. The authors analysed three exhibits in the museum in Berlin: Saurierwelt (World of Dinosaurs), Kosmos und Sonnesystem (Cosmos and the Solar System) and Evolution in Aktion (Evolution in Action). In the museum in London, the authors studied one exhibit in the red zone, From the beginning. In the French museum, two galleries were studied, the Grand Galerie d’Evolution and the Galerie d’Anatomie comparée et Paléontologie. From the first Gallery, the exhibit L’evolution de la vie (Evolution of life) was studied, while in the Paleontology Gallery the exhibits Les vertébrès (The vertebrates) and Les invertébrès (The invertebrates) were analysed. In the Museu de Ciencias Naturais in Porto Alegre, the permanent exhibit was explored, in which the evolution of life on Earth is the focus. As for the Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia, the Paleontology exhibit was analysed. We propose a qualitative analysis using data from the literature and available documentation as well as records of the exhibitions. Natural History Museums have an important role as outreach institutions presenting the natural processes on Earth. The Geological Time is a key tool for this understanding. The goal of the present research is to compare the exhibits (its form, organization and narratives) in three of the most traditional European Natural History Museums with two Brazilian ones. We aim to evaluate the approach of geological time and also its potential for integrating usually treated as separate areas in natural history institutions: Earth sciences and life sciences. Keywords: Exhibition’s narrative; Natural History Museums; Geological Time; Evolution; Museum Communication. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 01 Modelo da tabela de análise de dados 33 Figura 02 Planta do Museum für Naturkunde, Berlim 39 Figura 03 Planta do Natural History Museum, Londres 43 Figura 04 Planta da exposição La diversité du vivant – milieux marins, 49 Grand Galerie d’Évolution, MNHN, Paris Figura 05 Planta da exposição La diversité du vivant – milieux terrestres, 49 Grand Galerie d’Évolution, MNHN, Paris Figura 06 Planta da exposição L’Evolution de la vie, Grand Galerie 50 d’Évolution, MNHN, Paris Figura 07 Planta da exposição L’Homme, facteur d’évolution, Grand 51 Galerie d’Évolution, MNHN, Paris Figura 08 Planta da exposição “Anatomia comparada”, Galerie 52 d’Anatomie comparée et Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris Figura 09 Planta da exposição “Os Vertebrados”, Galerie d’Anatomie 53 comparée et Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris Figura 10 Planta da exposição “Os Invertebrados”, Galerie d’Anatomie 54 comparée et Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris Figura 11 Planta
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