Changi Beach Park Sebagai Salah Satu Tujuan Wisata Di Singapura

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Changi Beach Park Sebagai Salah Satu Tujuan Wisata Di Singapura Foreign Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta CHANGI BEACH PARK SEBAGAI SALAH SATU TUJUAN WISATA DI SINGAPURA Olivia Natania 17.02762 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Abstract : Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Foreign Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan Judul Changi Beach Park Sebagai Salah Satu Tujuan Wisata di Singapura. 1. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Program Foreign Case Study merupakan salah satu program kampus yang direncanangkan oleh bagian akademik di semester V, sebagai salah satu syarat utama dan acuan kelulusan bagi para mahasiswa Strata Satu (S1). Tetapi karena penulis adalah mahasiswa S1 Transfer, maka FCS dilakukan di smester VII sebagai syarat kelulusan. Penulis adalah salah satu mahasiswa strata satu di Kampus Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo (STIPRAM) Yogyakarta yang saat ini sedang mengampu kuliah di kampus tersebut, sehingga mengikuti program FCS ke 2 negara yaitu Malaysia dan Singapore. Selain sebagai salah satu syarat utama dan acuan kelulusan bagi para mahasiswa, program foreign case study juga memberikan manfaat dan banyak pelajaran, khususnya pengetahuan akan karakteristik fisik, budaya, sosial,ekonomi dan bahkan sistem kepariwisataan yang berada di negara-negara tersebut. Adapun juga pelajaran yang diambil dalam program ini yaitu pengalaman baru yang berupa petualangan ke negara lain selain Negara Indonesia. Program foreign case study ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8 Desember 2017 s/d 12 Desember 2017 [1]. Dalam program ini, penulis ingin membahas tentang Changi Beach yang ada di Singapore dengan judul “Changi Beach Park sebagai Salah Satu Tujuan Wisata di Singapura” Dengan tujuan agar para pembaca dan penulis sendiri bisa mengetahui serta mempelajari apa saja yang menjadi daya Tarik Changi Beach sehingga dijadikan salah satu tujuan wisatawan mengnunjungi Singapura. B. Tujuan Penulisan Penulisan karya tulis ini adalah berdasarkan saat kegiatan Foreign Case Study Dalam pembuatan dan penyusunan karya tulis ini, penulis mempunyai beberapa tujuan, yaitu: 1. Bagi Penulis a. Melatih diri dalam mengembangkan menulis karya tulis / membuat laporan 1 b. Dengan adanya laporan ini, para pembaca dapat menambah wawasan serta pengetahuan yang luas sehingga dapat mengambil manfaat kelak di kemudian hari. c. Untuk dapat melatih diri dalam berkarya. d. Untuk memenuhi syarat perkuliahan. e. Untuk mendapatkan nilai yang baik di semester ini. 2. Bagi Pembaca a. Dapat mengetahui informasi dan berbagai hal mengenai objek wisata Changi Beach yang ada di Singapore. b. Setelah mengetahui berbagai hal mengenai Changi Beach, diharapkan para pembaca dapat lebih mengenal destinasi wisata lainnya selain yang ada di indonesia dan berkunjung ke Singapore untuk melihat secara langsung. 3. Bagi Pemerintah a. Bisa membandingkan dan mencontoh dalam segi pengelolaan sebuah destinasi wisata serupa yang ada di Indonesia. 2. PEMBAHASAN Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan disebutkan bahwa pariwisata adalah berbagai macam kegiatan wisata dan didukung berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah [2]. Pariwisata adalah keseluruhan kegiatan pemerintah, dunia usaha dan masyarakat untuk mengatur, mengurus dan melayani kebutuhan wisatawan [3]. Pariwisata merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok di dalam wilayah negara lain. Kegiatan tersebut menggunakan kemudahan, jasa dan faktor penunjang lainnya yang diadakan oleh pemerintah dan atau masyarakat, agar dapat mewujudkan keinginan wisatawan [4]. Pariwisata merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia terutama menyangkut kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi [5]. Diawali dari kegiatan yang semula hanya dinikmati oleh segelintir orang-orang yang relatif kaya pada awal abad ke-20, kini telah menjadi bagian dari hak azasi manusia. Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya di negara maju tetapi mulai dirasakan pula di negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dalam tahap pembangunannya, berusaha membangun industri pariwisata sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai neraca perdagangan luar negeri yang berimbang. Melalui industri ini diharapkan pemasukan devisa dapat bertambah [6]. Pada hakikatnya berwisata adalah suatu proses kepergian sementara dari seseorang atau lebih menuju tempat lain di luar tempat tinggalnya [7]. Dorongan kepergiannya adalah karena berbagai kepentingan, baik karena kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, politik, agama, kesehatan maupun lainnya seperti karena sekedar ingin tahu, menambah pengalaman baru [8]. Pada hakikatnya berwisata adalah suatu proses kepergian sementara dari seseorang atau lebih menuju tempat lain di luar tempat tinggalnya. Dorongan kepergiannya adalah karena berbagai kepentingan, baik karena kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, politik, agama, kesehatan maupun lainnya seperti karena sekedar ingin tahu, menambah pengalaman baru [9]. Besarnya kegiatan pariwisata, terutama tingkat internasional, ditambah dengan situasi di mana batas antar negara semakin hilang, telah menjadikan pariwisata sebagai suatu kegiatan penting yang turut mempengaruhi hubungan 2 internasional. Banyak negara di dunia sekarang ini yang menganggap pariwisata sebagai sebuah aspek penting dari strategi pengembangan negara. Berikut merupakan pengertian pariwisata menurut beberapa ahli [10] : 1. Yoeti (1969 : 112) Pariwiwsata berasal dari bahasa sansekerta “pari” yang berarti banyak atau berkeliling dan “wisata” yang berarti pergi atau bepergian. Jadi pariwisata adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan secara berulang – ulang dan berpindah – pindah. 2. Prof. Salah Wahab Aktifitas manusia yang dilakukan secara sadar yang mendapat pelayanan secara bergantian diantara orang – orang dalam satu negara itu sendiri. Pendiaman orang – orang, suatu negara, benua untuk sementara waktu dalam mencari kepuasan beraneka ragam dan berbeda dengan pengalaman pekerjaannya. 3. James J. Spillane Perjalanan dengan tujuan mendapatkan kenikmatan, mencari kepuasan, mengetahui sesuatu, memperbaiki kesehatan, menikmati olahraga atau istirahat, menunaikan tugas dan berziarah. Sektor pariwisata memberikan keuntungan ekonomi terhadap negara yang bersangkutan. Keuntungan-keuntungan ini biasanya didapatkan dari pendapatan nilai tukar uang asing. Oleh karena itu untuk mempermudah kegiatan pariwisata tingkat internasional maka terbentuklah organisasi – organisasi pariwisata seperti WTO atau World Tourism Organisation. Organisasi ini merupakan organisasi internasional antar pemerintah yang bertujuan mempromosikan dan memajukan kepariwisataan guna membantu membangun ekonomi, perdamaian, kemakmuran, keadilan, dan hak asasi manusia. Untuk melakukan misi tersebut WTO mengadakan kerjasama dan turut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan United Nations Development dimana WTO menjadi badan peserta dan pelaksana. Pemerintah Indonesia yang diwakili oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pariwisata menjadi anggota WTO sejak tahun 1972 B. Sekilas Tentang Singapura Nama Singapura berasal dari bahasa Melayu (Sanskrit सिंहपुर "Kota Singa"). Hari ini, Singapura kadang dijuluki sebagai Kota Singa. Studi sejarah membuktikan bahwa singa kemungkinan tidak pernah ada di pulau itu; makhluk yang dilihat oleh Sang Nila Utama, pendiri dan pemberi nama Singapura, bisa jadi seekor harimau. Catatan pertama permukiman di Singapura berasal dari abad ke-2 Masehi. Pulau ini merupakan pos luar Kerajaan Sriwijaya di Sumatera yang memberi nama Temasek dalam bahasa Jawa yang berarti 'kota laut'. Antara abad ke-16 dan awal abad ke-19, Singapura menjadi bagian dari Kesultanan Johor. Tahun 1613, perompak Portugis membakar permukiman di mulut Sungai Singapura dan pulau ini menjadi tidak terlalu diperhatikan sampai dua abad selanjutnya. 1. Kekuasaan kolonial Britania Pada 28 Januari 1819, Thomas Stamford Raffles mendarat di pulau utama di Singapura. Setelah melihat potensinya sebagai pos dagang strategis untuk kawasan Asia Tenggara, Raffles menandatangani perjanjian dengan Sultan Hussein Shah atas nama Perusahaan Dagang Hindia Timur Britania pada tanggal 6 Februari 1819 untuk mengembangkan bagian selatan Singapura sebagai pos dagang dan permukiman Britania. Hingga 1824, Singapura masih menjadi teritori yang dikuasai seorang sultan Melayu. Kemudian, teritori ini menjadi koloni Britania pada 2 Agustus 1824 ketika John Crawfurd, penduduk kedua Singapura, secara resmi menjadikan keseluruhan pulau 3 sebagai kekuasaan Britania dengan menandatangani perjanjian dengan Sultan Hussein Shah yang menyatakan Sultan dan Temenggong menyerahkannya kepada Perusahaan Dagang Hindia Timur Britania. Tahun 1826, Singapura menjadi bagian dari Negeri- Negeri Selat, sebuah koloni Britania. Tahun 1869, 100.000 orang tinggal di pulau ini. 2. Periode Perang Dunia II dan pascaperang Selama Perang Dunia II, Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang menjajah Malaya, berakhir pada Pertempuran Singapura. Pihak Britania dikalahkan dalam enam hari dan menyerahkan benteng yang seharusnya tidak terkalahkan kepada Jenderal Tomoyuki Yamashita pada 15 Februari 1942. Penyerahan ini disebut oleh Perdana Menteri Britania Raya, Winston Churchill sebagai "bencana terburuk dan penyerahan terbesar dalam sejarah Britania Raya". Pembantaian Sook Ching terhadap etnis Tionghoa setelah Singapura ditaklukkan memakan korban antara 5.000 dan 25.000 jiwa. Jepang mengganti nama Singapura menjadi Shōnantō (昭南島), dari kata-kata Jepang "Shōwa no jidai ni eta minami
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