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Intercultural Relations. Relacje Międzykulturowe. Number 2 (4 aktywneaktywne rm_okladka_ENG_n4_b5_druk_awers_ST.pdf rm_okladka_ENG_n4_b5_druk_awers_ST.pdf 1 13.11.2018 1 13.11.2018 15:54:59 15:54:59 The Thearticles articles included included in this in thispublication publication address address issues issues related related to the to thepro -pro- blemsblems like likefreedom freedom of speech, of speech, freedom freedom in politics, in politics, freedom freedom of religious of religious INTERCULTURALINTERCULTURAL RELATIONS RELATIONS beliefsbeliefs and andfreedom freedom in formatting in formatting our ourphysical physical environment. environment. The Thecollec collec- - tiontion of textsof texts offers offers a multicultural a multicultural view view of theof thephenomenon phenomenon included included RELACJERELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE in thein thepublication publication title, title, as the as theauthors authors of the of thearticles articles come come from from different different cultures,cultures, different different scientific scientific backgrounds backgrounds and anddifferent different academic academic traditions. traditions. JournalJournal of Culturalof Cultural Studies Studies The Thepublication publication may may contribute contribute to a tobetter a better and anddeeper deeper understanding understanding of of KulturoznawczeKulturoznawcze Czasopismo Czasopismo Naukowe Naukowe the processesthe processes happening happening around around us now us now and andhaving having consequences consequences in the in the futurefuture – the – thenear near and andthe themore more distant. distant. InstituteInstitute of Intercultural of Intercultural Studies Studies JagiellonianJagiellonian University University in Kraków in Kraków InstytutInstytut Studi Studiów Międzykulturów Międzykulturowyochwych UniwersytetUniwersytet Jagielloński Jagielloński w Krakowie w Krakowie N N INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS RELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE / MIĘDZYKULTUROWE RELACJE INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS / MIĘDZYKULTUROWE RELACJE INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS ISSNISSN 2544-2139 2544-2139 INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS RELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE Scientific Board: Prof. Vladimír Biloveský, Matej Bel University, Slovakia Prof. Irena Bukowska-Floreńska, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland Prof. Enzo Colombo, State University of Milan, Italy Prof. Genovaitė Kačiuškienė, Language and Culture Institute „Lingua Lituanica”, Lithuania Prof. Ryszard Kantor, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland Prof. Joanna Kurczewska, Polish Academy of Sciences Prof. Lidia Liburska, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland Prof. Olga Niesterczuk, Moscow State University, Russia Prof. Tadeusz Paleczny, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland Dr. Fabrice Thuriot, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France Prof. Daniel von Wachter, International Academy of Philosophy in the Principality of Liechtenstein Rada Naukowa: Prof. Vladimír Biloveský, Uniwersytet Mateja Bela, Słowacja Prof. Irena Bukowska-Floreńska, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska Prof. Enzo Colombo, Uniwersytet Państwowy w Mediolanie, Włochy Prof. Genovaitė Kačiuškienė, Instytut Języka i Kultury „Lingua Lituanica”, Litwa Prof. Ryszard Kantor, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska Prof. Joanna Kurczewska, Polska Akademia Nauk Prof. Lidia Liburska, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska Prof. Olga Niesterczuk, Moskiewski Uniwersytet Państwowy, Rosja Prof. Tadeusz Paleczny, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska Dr Fabrice Thuriot, Uniwersytet w Reims, Francja Prof. Daniel von Wachter, Międzynarodowa Akademia Filozofii w Księstwie Lichtenstein INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS RELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE Number 2 (4) / 2018 FREEDOM IN CULTURE edited by Monika Banaś and Dariusz Juruś Kraków 2018 Editor-in-chief: Redaktor naczelny: dr hab. Monika Banaś dr hab. Monika Banaś [email protected] [email protected] Address: Adres redakcji: Institute of Intercultural Studies Instytut Studiów Międzykulturowych Gronostajowa 3 Gronostajowa 3 30-386 Kraków, Poland 30-386 Kraków, Polska www.ism.uj.edu.pl www.ism.uj.edu.pl ISSN 2544-2139 The original (reference) version of the journal is the electronic version. Wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wersja elektroniczna. © Copyright by Institute of Intercultural Studies – Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University in Kraków and individual authors Publisher: Institute of Intercultural Studies Faculty of International and Political Studies Jagiellonian University in Kraków INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS ◦ RELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE ◦ 2018 ◦ 2 (4) CONTENTS Introduction . 7 Petra Chovancová Houses of Culture as Places of/in Memory . 11 Milena Gammaitoni The Social Behaviour of the Poet During the New Freedom of Globalisation: the Case of Wisława Szymborska in Italy and Poland . 27 Edmondo Grassi Ethics and Humanism in the Machine Era . 51 István Kollai If Castles and Statues Could Speak to Us. The Changing Freedom of Historical Interpretation in the Case of Slovakia . 69 Piotr Bartula Us and Nothing . 83 Peter Pivoda The Possible Role of Art Museums in Regard to Educational Reform . 95 Jarosław Płuciennik Liberty, Enlightenment, and the Polish Brethren . 109 Ruslan Saduov The Pursuit of Freedom in Private Life as Reflected in Contemporary Russian Comics . 121 6 CONTENTS Dominik Stosik #DeathToFreedomOfSpeech . 135 Katarzyna Krawerenda-Wajda The Spirituality of Contemporary Danes – between Paganism and Secularisation . 147 Łukasz Krzak Freedom in Culture – Symbols and Myths in Building Cultural Identity . 161 INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS ◦ RELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE ◦ 2018 ◦ 2 (4) INTRODUCTION The fourth issue of the journal “Intercultural Relations” has been dedicat- ed to a reflection on the limits of freedom in contemporary culture(s). The concept of freedom applies to many aspects of the public and individual life, among others: discourse, public space, politics and religion. The freedom of speech is undeniable important topic in contemporary culture. The modern mass media including social media allow transmitting information quicker and to a broader audience than before, which makes the communication process faster and to some extent poorer in quality (especially in respect of credibility and compliance with the real state of matter). Thus, the unlimited freedom of speech can be questioned here for instance in cases when human dignity is harmed by rude comments and narratives published online or in traditional media. Freedom in the public space can be identified by looking at the cor- respondence between architecture and urbanisation processes and the in- dividual and collective human behaviours. The space arrangement of cities influencing inhabitants’ patterns of acting play an important role in shaping postmodern societies. The public space can limit or open acting possibili- ties for humans, unite or part (even isolate them), offer safety and comfort or bring insecurity and uncertainty. Therefore, the concept of public space planning, its borders or unlimited freedom, constitutes a crucial issue not only for urbanists, but also for those who analyse this concept from the perspective of esthetics, politics and economy. Freedom in politics is based on the relationship of an individual and the state. On the one hand, we may discuss the civil freedom understood as civil right to participate freely in public life. On the other hand, we may wonder to what extent the individual freedom stays beyond the state in- fluence or the state power. Contemporary postmodern societies constitute a space where these two approaches clash. Present liberal democracies also care more about protecting the so-called civil liberties rather than 8 FREEDOM IN CULTURE individual ownership rights. Why? This is one of the numerous questions we would like to address. Religious freedom is influenced in reality not only by religion itself but also by politics and social order. Religion has not disappeared as it was pro- claimed by some post-Enlightenment philosophers and scholars; it is still present, playing in some cases a fundamental role. The power of religion lies in its creative and also anti-creative, destructive potential. Thus, re- ligion is able to integrate or disintegrate a community. Religious aspects occurring in society are mixed with human universalism, individual rights and relativism of community rights (e.g. ethnic and racial groups, nations, languages). The problem addressed in this context applies to religious free- dom executed in various social, political and legal orders, which is however located in a broader cultural dimension. Modern times differ from the past in terms of the discourse on free- dom of speech that focused mostly on the issues related to the possible expanding of this freedom. Nowadays, however, we notice a diverted pro- cess – notions demanding limitation of the freedom of speech are getting more visible. The notions in question do not come from the totalitarian regimes, but from democratic communities concerned about the negative effects of freedom of speech. Each human being, to develop freely, must be able to express her- or himself. The ability and opportunity of verbal and non-verbal expressions are conditioning self-improvement of individuals as homo faber who pro- duces culture. Let us stress, that only free individuals are able to make cul- ture. An inseparable element of freedom of speech is the truth to which we as human beings aspire and direct our efforts. The more freedom of speech we have, the more likely we are to discover the truth. Freedom of speech, however, does not give a guarantee
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