AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb

Genus Euphaedra Hübner, [1819]

In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 39 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio cyparissa Cramer, by subsequent designation (Scudder, 1875. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 172 (91-293).).

= Najas Hübner, 1807 in Hübner, [1806-19]. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: pl. 60 ([vi] pp., 213 pls.). Augsberg. Type-species: Najas themis Hübner, by monotypy. [Placed on the Official List of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology; Opinion 789, 1966. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 23: 213-220.].

= Romaleosoma Blanchard, 1840. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères, Néuroptères, Hémiptères, Hyménoptères, Lépidotères et Diptères 3: 448 (672 pp.). Paris. Type-species: Papilio eleus Drury, by original designation.

= Romalaeosoma Röber, 1888 in Staudinger and Schatz, 1884-8. Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 162 (333 pp.). Bayern. [An unjustified emendation of Romaleosoma Blanchard.]

The genus Euphaedra belongs to the Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815; Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr, 1864; Tribe Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845; Subtribe Bebearina Hemming, 1960. The other genera in the Subtribe Bebearina in the Afrotropical Region are Evena, Aterica, Pseudargynnis, Cynandra, Eutyphura, Euryphaedra, Euryphurana, Harmilla, Euriphene, Bebearia, Euptera and Pseudathyma.

Euphaedra (Foresters) is the most speciose genus in the Afrotropical Region and comprises 245 described species. Generic review by Hecq, 1997. Key to subgenera in Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117). Order of subgenera and species, below, as arranged in this publication.

Relevant literature: Hecq, 2006b [New species]. Oremans, 2006 [New species]. Molleman & Hecq, 2005 [Host plants and early stages]. Amiet, 2004 [Diagnostic characters].

Subgenus Proteuphaedra Hecq, 1976

Lambillionea 76: 53 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Romalaeosoma [sic] luperca Hewitson, by original designation.

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*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) rubrocostata (Aurivillius, 1897)

Euryphene rubrocostata Aurivillius, 1897. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 279 (279- 286).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) rubrocostata rubrocostata (Aurivillius, 1897)

Euryphene rubrocostata Aurivillius, 1897. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 279 (279- 286).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi”. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Bendi (TL).

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) rubrocostata generosa Hecq, 1987

Euphaedra rubrocostata generosa Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 105 (103-105).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Mbandaka”. First description of male by Oremans, 1996 (Entomologia Africana 1: 14). Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mbandaka (TL).

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) aubergeri Hecq, 1977 Auberger’s Forester

Euphaedra aubergeri Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 76: 82 (82-84).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Danane, Côte d’Ivoire”. Distribution: Ivory Coast (north-west). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Danane (TL). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

2 *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) symphona Bethune-Baker, 1908

Euphaedra symphona Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 472 (469-482).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Beni-Mawambe, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central, Uele, north Kivu). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) symphona symphona Bethune-Baker, 1908

Euphaedra symphona Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 472 (469-482).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Beni-Mawambe, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central, Uele, north Kivu). Specific localities: Gabon – Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Mawambe (TL).

medonoides Wichgraf, 1913 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 7: 9 (9-10, 13- 14, 21-22). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kongo”.

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) symphona affabilis Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra symphona affabilis Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126 (126-128).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, Eala, VIII.1935. (J. Ghesquière).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL).

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) adolfifriderici Schultze, 1920

Euphaedra adolfifriderici Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 746 (639-829).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Endendum”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (south-west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Endendum (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

3 *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) luperca (Hewitson, [1864]) Nigerian Blue Forester

Romalaeosoma [sic] luperca Hewitson, [1864] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 33 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Calibar”. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Calabar (TL); Ore (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Sapoba (Larsen, 2005a); Port Harcourt (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Oban Hills) (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon butterfly that is also very wary (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) fucora Hecq, 1979 Oban Blue Forester

Euphaedra luteofasciata fucora Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 48 (47-48). Euphaedra fucora Hecq, 1979. Ackery et al., 1995: 409.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Nigeria”. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species that is wary but comes to feed on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Raised from Euphaedra luteofasciata fucora (according to Ackery et al., 1995: 409) or from Euphaedra luperca fucora (according to the Zoological Records).

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) luteofasciata Hecq, 1979

Euphaedra luteofasciata Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 48 (47-48).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun”; Democratic Republic of Congo: “Mayumbe”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe). Specific localities: Cameroon – Bipindi (Bartel, 1905). Gabon – Lake Azingo (Rothschild, 1918); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mayumbe (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

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luteofasciata Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra luperca). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 143 (129-152). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun (Bipindi, Urwaldweg)”.

variegata Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as ab. of Euphaedra luperca). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 320 (614 pp.). “Congo”.

suffusa Rothschild, 1918 (as ab. of Euphaedra luperca). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 (338-345). Gabon: “Lake Azingo, Gaboon”.

variegata d’Abrera, 1980 (as ssp. of Euphaedra luperca). Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 320 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Gabon/Democratic Republic of Congo: “Gabon and south-western Zaire”.

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) marginalis Hecq, 1979

Euphaedra luperca marginalis Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 47 (47-48). Euphaedra luperca marginalis Hecq, 1979. Ackery et al., 1995: 408. Euphaedra marginalis Hecq, 1979. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 22 (1-117).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) lupercoides Rothschild, 1918

Euphaedra lupercoides Rothschild, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 (338-345).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Luebo, Kassai River”. Distribution: Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specfic localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Luebo, Kassai River (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis Lindemans, 1910 Imperial Forester

Euphaedra imperialis Lindemans, 1910. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 53: 278 (278-279).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Zuid-Kameroen (West-Afrika)”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Subspecies hecqui is found in submontane forest at 1 500 to 1 600 m (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: The species is usually scarce but at times is locally common (Larsen, 2005a). The species seems to be long-lived, Libert (1994) having re-captured a marked individual ten weeks later. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

5 Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis imperialis Lindemans, 1910

Euphaedra imperialis Lindemans, 1910. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 53: 278 (278-279).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Zuid-Kameroen (West-Afrika)”. Distribution: Cameroon (south).

strasseni Schultze, 1912 (as var. of Euphaedra luperca). Entomologische Rundschau 29: 92 (91-93). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun”.

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis gabonica Rothschild, 1918

Euphaedra imperialis gabonica Rothschild, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 (338-345).

Type locality: Gabon: “Lambarene, French Congo”. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (west), Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Lambarene (TL); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbale (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis hecqui Darge, 1974

Euphaedra imperialis hecqui Darge, 1974. Annales de la Faculté des Sciences. Université Fédérale du Cameroun 18: 77 (71-77).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mont Manengouba, 1600 mètres”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (St Leger, 1989). Cameroon – Mount Manengouba (TL).

Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis arta Hecq, 1979

Euphaedra imperialis arta Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 48 (47-48).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known only from the male holotype at the time it was described. First description of female by Oremans, 1996. (Entomologia Africana 1: 13). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru).

*Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) aurivillii Niepelt, 1914

Euphaedra aurivillii Niepelt, 1914 in Strand, 1914. Lepidoptera Niepeltiana [1]: 34 (1-64).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassaifluss, Kongostaat”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east). Specific localities:

6 Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai River (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: This species is not listed in Hecq, 1999c.

Subgenus Medoniana Hecq, 1976

Lambillionea 76: 54 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Papilio medon Linnaeus, by original designation.

*Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon (Linnaeus, 1763) Widespread Forester

Perching male of the Widespread Forester (Euphaedra medon fraudata). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Papilio medon Linnaeus, 1763. Amoenitates Academicae 6: 402 (384-415).

Euphaedra medon medon. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

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Euphaedra medon medon. Female (Wingspan 65 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Alternative common name: Common Forester. Type locality: [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.] Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest and riverine vegetation, including heavily degraded forest habitat (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania it occurs at altitudes from 800 to 1 700 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This is probably the most common and widespread species in the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Males fly up and down forest paths (Larsen, 1991c). Males often perch on the ground in a sunny spot and are very aggressive to other passing males (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

Van Someren, 1935.

Congdon & Bampton, 1996: 18 [larva and pupa illustrated in colour].

Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Hecq, 1997; as Phialodiscus zambesiacus]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Phialodiscus unijugatus Radikofer]. Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) (exotic) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast. Congdon & Bampton, 1996: 18; Kasye and Minziro Forests, Tanzania; subspecies neustetteri]. Phialodiscus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310].

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon medon (Linnaeus, 1763)

Papilio medon Linnaeus, 1763. Amoenitates Academicae 6: 402 (384-415).

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Euphaedra medon medon. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euphaedra medon medon. Female (Wingspan 65 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.] Distribution: Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Ghana – Ashantee (Butler, 1866); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001); Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008); Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria – Ikeja Airport, Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

janassa Linnaeus, 1764 (as sp. of Papilio). Museum Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae 294 (720 pp.). Holmiae. [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.]

agnes Butler, 1866 (as sp. of Romalaeosoma [sic]). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 672 (667-673). Ghana: “Ashantee”.

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Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon pholus (van der Hoeven, 1840)

Aterica pholus van der Hoeven, 1840. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 7: 276 (276-283).

Type locality: Sierra Leone; “Guinea”. Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone.

Note: Not included in the monograph of the genus by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1- 117).

albula Thurau, 1904 (as var. of Euphaedra medon). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 307 (301-314). “Guinea”. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra medon pholus (van der Hoeven, 1840) in Ackery et al., 1995: 410. Treated as a subspecies of Euphaedra medon by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 25 (1-117).). Regarded to be a synonym of Euphaedra medon pholus (van der Hoeven, 1840) in Larsen, 2005a: 414.

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon innotata Holland, 1920

Euphaedra medon var. innotata Holland, 1920. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 179 (109-369). Synonym of Euphaedra medon neustetteri Niepelt, 1915. Ackery et al., 1995: 409. Euphaedra medon innotata Holland, 1920. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 50. stat. rev. Supplement to Kielland’s butterflies of Tanzania 50 (143 pp.). Abri and Lambillionea).

10 Euphaedra medon innotata. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 13 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (Kigoma and Mpanda). Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (TL). Tanzania – Wanzizi in Mpanda District, north to Gombe in Kigoma District (Kielland, 1990d).

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon fernanda Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra medon fernanda Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 81: 35 (34-36).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko).

fernanda Fruhstorfer, 1903 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 64: 359 (359- 361). Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”.

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon sanctanna Hecq, 1985

Euphaedra medon sanctanna Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 12 (7-15).

Type locality: Gabon: “St. Anne”. Distribution: Gabon. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Gabon – St. Anne (TL); Mpivie River (Vande weghe, 2010); Moukalaba Valley (Vande weghe, 2010).

Note: This subspecies may be a synonym of viridinota (Butler, 1871) (Larsen, 2005a: 414).

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon celestis Hecq, 1986

Euphaedra medon celestis Hecq, 1986. Lambillionea 86: 39 (39-42).

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Euphaedra medon celestis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 13 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Mayumbe, Ft de Kangu”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Specific localities: Gabon – Pongara (Vande weghe, 2010); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Malibe (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Gamba (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – FT de Kangu (TL).

Note: This subspecies may be a synonym of viridinota (Butler, 1871) (Larsen, 2005a: 414).

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon viridinota (Butler, 1871)

Romaleosoma viridinota Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 82 (79-83).

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. Distribution: Gabon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Gabon - Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Note: Subspecies viridinota (Butler, 1871) may be a senior synonym of sanctanna Hecq, 1985 and celestis Hecq, 1986 (Larsen, 2005a: 414).

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon fraudata van Someren, 1935

Euphaedra medon ab. fraudata Thurau, 1904. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 307 (301-314). Uganda. Euphaedra medon fraudata van Someren, 1935. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 64 (59-89). Euphaedra medon fraudata Thurau, 1904. Larsen, 1991c: 310. Synonym of Euphaedra medon inaequabilis Thurau, 1904. Ackery et al., 1995: 409. Euphaedra medon fraudata van Someren, 1935. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 50 stat. rev.

Euphaedra medon fraudata. Male (Wingspan 58 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 29 December 2007. P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

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Type locality: Kenya: “Kavirondo country”. Distribution: Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (west). Specific localities: Uganda – Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpublished, 2014). Kenya – Kavirondo country (TL).

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon abouna Ungemach, 1932

Euphaedra inaequabilis abouna Ungemach, 1932. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 55 (1-122).

Type locality: Ethiopia: “Youbdo”. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). Specific localities: Ethiopia – Youbdo (TL).

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon neustetteri Niepelt, 1915

Euphaedra medon neustetteri Niepelt, 1915. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 58 (58).

Euphaedra medon neustetteri. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 60mm. Kolwezi/Kabule, Shaba Sud, S. Zaire [D.R.C.]. 6/80. Th. B. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassaifluss, Kongostaat”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. pecific localities: Cameroon – Ikelemba (Gaede, 1916). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai River (TL); Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Mount Kele (Dufrane, 1945); Kolwezi/Kabule (male illustrated above). Tanzania – Kasye Forest (Congdon & Bampton, 1996); Minziro Forest (Congdon & Bampton, 1996). Zambia – Mufulira (a single male captured by Heath. The forest at this locality was chopped down in 1979); Kalungwishi River (Neave, 1910) (Heath et al., 2002).

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interpreta Niepelt, 1915 (as f. of Euphaedra medon neustetteri). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 58 (58). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassaifluss, Kongostaat”.

aequata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra medon). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105- 106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Ikelemba am Sanga, Neu-Kamerun”.

hollandi Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon innotata). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kamituga”.

bipunctata Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon innotata). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kamituga, Mont Kélé, alt. 1050 m.”.

alberici Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon innotata). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kamituga”.

Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon inaequabilis Thurau, 1904

Euphaedra losinga var. inaequabilis Thurau, 1904. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 310 (301-314).

Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996).

Note: Not included in the monograph of the genus by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1- 117); given as a senior synonym of E. medon fraudata van Someren in Ackery, et al., 1995: 409.

peculiaris Lathy, 1906 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 5 (1-10). Uganda: Entebbe”. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra medon fraudata van Someren by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 26 (1-117).).

Subgenus Gausapia Hecq, 1976

Lambillionea 76: 55 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Romalaesoma [sic] gausape Butler, by original designation.

Gausape species-group

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) gausape (Butler, 1866) Western Striped Forester

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Male Western Striped Forester (Euphaedra gausape). Ankasa, Ghana. Image courtesy Pamela Sai.

Romaleosoma gausape Butler, 1866. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 671 (667-673).

Euphaedra gausape. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Coldwater (top), Liberia. 13 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: “West Africa”. Original description:

Drawing of gausape in the original publication.

15

Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Recorded, in error, from Nigeria and from Senegal by Condamin (1964) (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest. In Ghana only in primary forest but in Sierra Leone also in secondary forest (Owen & Owen, 1973). Habits: Commoner in Sierra Leone and Liberia than in Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). This is a wary species, most often encountered while feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

similis Hecq, 2004 (as form of Euphaedra gausape). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 184 (184-188). Ivory Coast: “”.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) judith Weymer, 1892 Judith’s Striped Forester

Euphaedra judith Weymer, 1892. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 53: 88 (79-125).

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (west).

16 Recorded, probably in error, from Nigeria by St Leger (1989) (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) plantroui Hecq, 1981 Plantrou’s Forester

Euphaedra plantroui Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Côte d’Ivoire, Danané”. Distribution: Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Danane (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Known only from the (female) holotype, which is in a private collection (Larsen, 2005a).

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) hastiri Hecq, 1981 Insipid Striped Forester

Euphaedra hastiri Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60).

Type locality: Guinea: “Labé”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelae, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone. Habitat: Forest. Habits: May be quite common in Guinea-Bissau and along the coast of Guinea, but is scarce elsewhere (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Gausapia) hastiri hastiri Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra hastiri Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60).

Type locality: Guinea: “Labé”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea. Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea – Labe (TL); Mamou (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Gausapia) hastiri polymnie Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra hastiri polymnie Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 58 (54-60).

Type locality: Sierra Leone. 17 Distribution: Sierra Leone (west).

Note: Larsen (2005a: 415) doubts that this is a valid species, regarding it to be a form.

Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) ombrophila Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra calliope ombrophila Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60). Male first described by Vande weghe, 2009b. Euphaedra ombrophila Hecq, 1981. Hecq, 1997: 31.

Type locality: Congo: “Ouesso”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo (north). Specific localities: Gabon – Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Congo – Ouesso (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) extensa Hecq, 1981 Pale Striped Forester

Euphaedra extensa Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 59 (54-60). Synonym of Euphaedra vulnerata Schultze, 1916. Ackery et al., 1995: 416. Euphaedra extensa Hecq, 1981. Hecq, 1997: 31.

Type locality: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: In Nigeria this species is known from just two females that were collected by F. Davey (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

extensa Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra gausape). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 141 (129-152). Cameroon: “Kamerun (Barombi-Station)”.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) clio Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra clio Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 55 (54-60).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala”. Distribution: Congo (south), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL).

18 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra calliope Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mbio”. Distribution: Cameroon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope calliope Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra calliope Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mbio”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mbio (TL).

Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope aurichalca Hecq, 2004

Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope aurichalca Hecq, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 184 (184-188).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) ducarmei Hecq, 1977

Euphaedra ducarmei Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 77: 55 (51-56).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Béni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Hecq, 2003b [Notes].

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) landbecki Rothschild, 1918

Euphaedra gausape landbecki Rothschild, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 (338-345).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Luebo, Kassai River”. 19 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Luebo, Kassai River (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Hecq & Cuypers, 2004 [Notes on distribution]. Hecq, 2003b [Notes].

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) thalie Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra thalie Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Rungu (Uele)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Rungu (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) melpomene Hecq, 1981 Scarce Striped Forester

Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Euphaedra judith melpomene Hecq, 1981. Hecq, 1997: 30. Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, 1981. Larsen, 2005a: 415).

Type locality: Liberia. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Gausapia) melpomene melpomene Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Euphaedra judith melpomene Hecq, 1981. Hecq, 1997: 30. Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, 1981. Larsen, 2005a: 415).

Type locality: Liberia. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia. Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Guma Valley near Freetown (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Gausapia) melpomene aubergeriana Hecq, 1981

Euphaedra judith aubergeriana Hecq, 1981. Lambillionea 80: 59 (54-60). Euphaedra melpomene aubergeriana Hecq, 1981. Larsen, 2005a: 415.

20 Type locality: Ivory Coast: “R.C.Iv”. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast (west). Specific localitiies: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Tai N.P. (Larsen, 2005a).

Zaddachi species-group

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachii Dewitz, 1879 Zaddach’s Mimic Forester

Euphaedra zaddachii Dewitz, 1879. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiosorum 4 (2): 199 (173-212).

Euphaedra zaddachi crawshayi. Male (Wingspan 66 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

21

Euphaedra zaddachi crawshayi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Chingola, Zambia. 27 April 1998. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: [Angola]: “Guinea”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Habitat: Forest, including riparian forest, and heavy woodland (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania subspecies crawshayi occurs from 250 to 1 800 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This species is scarce in the western part of its range (Larsen, 2005a). It is a mimic of certain day- flying moths. Three different lineages in the genus Euphaedra (subgenera Gausapia, Radia and Euphaedrana) have evolved this mimetic pattern (Larsen, 2005a). This mimicry complex is discussed in some detail by Guillaumin (1976, 1977). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. (Chrysobalanaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 69; subspecies crawshayi].

Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachii zaddachii Dewitz, 1879

Euphaedra zaddachii Dewitz, 1879. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiosorum 4 (2): 199 (173-212).

Type locality: [Angola]: “Guinea”. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachi crawshayi Butler, 1895

Euphaedra crawshayi Butler, 1895. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 628 (627-634). Euphaedra zaddachii crawshayi Butler, 1895. Hecq, 1997: 33.

22

Euphaedra zaddachi crawshayi. Male (Wingspan 66 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euphaedra zaddachi crawshayi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Chingola, Zambia. 27 April 1998. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: [Malawi]: “Lumpi River, Nyika, west of Lake Nyasa”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Uganda (western shore of Lake Victoria), Rwanda (south-east), Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (north), Mozambique (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Specific localities: Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Tanzania – Gombe to Tukuyu (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest south of Ifakara to the Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi – Lumpi River, Nyika (TL). Zambia – Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); Kamapanda (Heath et al., 2002); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Kitwe (Heath et al., 2002); Chilungoma (Heath et al., 2002); Kasama (Heath et al., 2002); lower Chambeshi Valley (Heath et al., 2002); Mafinga Mountains (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (male illustrated above); South Mutundu River, Mufulira (female illustrated above). Mozambique – Mt Yao [-12.4432 36.5114] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013).

Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachii elephantina Staudinger, 1891

Euphaedra elephantina Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 130 (61-157).

23 Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi-Station, im Hinterlande von Kamerun am Elephantensee”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west), Congo (north), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Moyen Congo). Specific localities: Nigeria – Mambilla Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL); Korup (Lees, 1989).

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) erici Hecq & Joly, 1987

Euphaedra morini erici Hecq & Joly, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 22 (21-23). Euphaedra morini erici Hecq & Joly, 1987. Ackery et al., 1995: 410. Euphaedra erici Hecq & Joly, 1987. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 33 (1-117).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “lac Mai n’Dombe, Kiri, île Bongeli”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known from the type locality and neighbouring regions. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lake Mai, Bongeli (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) mbamou Hecq, 1987

Euphaedra morini mbamou Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 3 (3-4). Euphaedra morini mbamou Hecq, 1987. Ackery et al., 1995: 410. Euphaedra mbamou Hecq, 1987. Hecq, 1997.

Type locality: Congo” “RPC. Ile M’Bamou”. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire). Specific localities: Congo – M’Bamou Island (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) morini Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra morini Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 14 (13-14).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “(Shaba) Kafakumba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Angola? Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba (TL); Mbata-Siala (Hecq & Cuypers, 2004). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Hecq & Cuypers, 2004 [Notes on distribution].

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) barnsi Joicey & Talbot, 1922

24

Euphaedra christyi barnsi Joicey & Talbot, 1922. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 341 (339-342).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Upper Lowa Valley, W. of Masisi, W. Kivu region, 4,500-5,000 feet”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Rwanda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Upper Lowa Valley, west of Masisi (TL). Early stages:

Thiry, 1991.

Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) christyi Sharpe, 1904 Christy’s Forester

Euphaedra christyi. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra christyi Sharpe, 1904. Entomologist 37: 183 (181-183).

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Toro”. Distribution: Uganda (west). Specific localities: Uganda – Toro (TL); Kalinzu Forest; Kibale Forest; Kayonza Forest; Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

No species-group assigned

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) athena Hecq & Joly, 2003 Nigerian Striped Forester

Euphaedra (Gausapia) athena Hecq & Joly, 2003. Lambillionea 103 (4): 658 (655-658).

25 Type locality: Nigeria: “Okumo Nature Sanctuary”. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu Nature Sanctuary (TL); Ikom (St Leger, 1989); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Dense forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Not uncommon but very shy, even when feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) mariaechristinae Hecq & Joly, 2003 Marie-Christine’s Striped Forester

Euphaedra (Gausapia) mariaechristinae Hecq & Joly, 2003. Lambillionea 103 (4): 655 (655-658).

Type locality: Ghana: “Kibi”. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Kibi, Atewa Range (TL). Habitat: Dense tropical rain forest (Hecq & Joly, 2003). Habits: An uncommon, wary species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

kainama Hecq, 2004 (as form of Euphaedra thalie). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 186 (184-188). Democratic Republic of Congo: “”.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) pallas Hecq, 2004

Euphaedra (Gausapia) pallas Hecq, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 186 (184-188).

Type locality: Guinea: “Mamou”. Described from a single female. Distribution: Guinea. Specific localities: Guinea – Mamou (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Larsen (2005a: 414) does not believe that this taxon is distinct from Euphaedra gausape.

*Euphaedra (Gausapia) vingerhoedti Faravel, 2012

Euphaedra (Gausapia) vingerhoedti Faravel, 2012. Entomologia Africana 17 (1): 34 (34-36).

Type locality: Congo Republic: “?”. Distribution: Congo Republic. Specific localities: Congo Republic – ? (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

26

Subgenus Xypetana Hecq, 1976

Lambillionea 76: 56 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Romalaesoma [sic] xypete Hewitson, by original designation.

Relevant literature: Hecq, 2005c [Notes on the subgenus].

Xypete species-group

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) xypete (Hewitson, [1865]) Common Pink Forester

Romalaeosoma [sic] xypete Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 36 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is one of the commonest species of the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Courtship behaviour in this species is described by Larsen (2005a). A male has been noted imbibing homopteran honeydew on the forest floor (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) xypete xypete (Hewitson, [1865])

Romalaeosoma [sic] xypete Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 36 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo. Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) xypete maritima Oremans, 2014

Euphaedra xypete maritima Oremans, 2014. Saturnafrica 17: 31 (31-33).

Type locality: Cameroon: Kribi, January 1999, leg. T. Bouyer. Holotype (female) in the collection of P. Oremans.

27 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Specific localities: Cameroon – Kribi (TL); Nlohe (Strand, 1912); Diebo (Strand, 1912). Gabon – Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010); Alen Nkoma (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

bombeana Strand, 1912 (as ab. of Euphaedra xypete). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 116 (107-123). Cameroon: “Nlohe; Diebo”. D’Abrera (1980) raised bombeana to species rank (“Nigeria to Ituri Forest in north-eastern Zaire”.). However, both the male and female he depicted pertain to Euphaedra maxima Holland, 1920 (Larsen, 2005a).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni Hecq, 1974 Hewitson’s Pink Forester

Euphaedra hewitsoni Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 76 (73-78).

Euphaedra hewitsoni hewitsoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mt Kala, 20 km de Yaounde”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: May be very common in the Oban Hills (Nigeria) and Korup (Cameroon) (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) gives detailed observations of a male courting females of Bebearia laetitia and Euphaedra medon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni hewitsoni Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra hewitsoni Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 76 (73-78).

28

Euphaedra hewitsoni hewitsoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mt Kala, 20 km de Yaounde”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Kala, 20 km from Yaounde (TL). Gabon – Throughout forested areas (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni sumptuosa Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra hewitsoni sumptuosa Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 78 (73-78).

Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Sapoba (Larsen, 2005a); Ilesha (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni disclara Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra hewitsoni disclara Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 197 (195-202).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni bipuncta Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra hewitsoni bipuncta Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 78 (73-78).

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (west and central).

29 Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni angusta Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra hewitsoni angusta Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 78 (73-78).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north and east), Uganda. Recorded, in error, from the Kabras Forest, Kenya by Hecq, 1974. This was probably a mislabeled specimen (Larsen, 1991c).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) hebes Hecq, 1980 Hebes Pink Forester

Euphaedra hebes Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 21 (21-24).

Type locality: Ghana. Distribution: Guinea (north-east), Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Lope N.P. (Oremans, 1995); Kangwe (Lambarene) (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) acuta Hecq, 1977 Acute Pink Forester

Acute Pink Forester (Euphaedra acuta). Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra acuta Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 77: 52 (51-56).

30

Euphaedra acuta. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Coldwater (top), Liberia. 13 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Calabar, Aningete”. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon (west), Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi). Hecq (1977) figures a male from ‘Ghana’, but this locality must be an error (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Calabar, Aningete in the Oban Hills (TL). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) oremansi Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra oremansi Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126 (126-128).

Euphaedra oremansi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, région de Lukolela, 30.XI.1991 (Ph. Oremans). Place of deposition of holotype not noted. First description of female by Oremans, 2000 (Lambillionea 100 31 (1) (Tome 2): 134 (134-136)). Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Crystal Mountains (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Lukolela region (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) maxima Holland, 1920

Euphaedra xypete var. maxima Holland, 1920. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 178 (109-369).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998; probably in error as bombeana). Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

flava Dufrane, 1933 (as ab. of Euphaedra xypete). Lambillionea 33: 165 (164-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congo Belge”.

Dargei species-group

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) dargei Hecq, 1975

Euphaedra dargei Hecq, 1975. Lambillionea 75: 51 (51-53).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, ja River, 2,000 ft”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje, Ja River (TL). Gabon – Crystal Mountains (Vande weghe, 2010); Ivindo (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) brevis Hecq, 1977

Euphaedra brevis Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 77: 51 (51-56).

Type locality: Cameroon: “S-O Cameroun, riv. Ntem”. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ntem River (TL).

32 Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) herberti (Sharpe, 1891)

Romaleosoma herberti Sharpe, 1891. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 131 (130-135).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bangala”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) herberti herberti (Sharpe, 1891)

Romaleosoma herberti Sharpe, 1891. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 131 (130-135).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bangala”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba). Specific localities: Gabon – Camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bangala (TL); Quango (Karsch, 1895).

acrozaleuca Karsch, 1895 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 279 (275-286). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Quango”.

bacchabunda Hecq, 1996 (as f. of Euphaedra herberti herberti). Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126 (126- 128). Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) herberti katanga Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra heberti [sic] katanga Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 23 (21-24).

Euphaedra herberti katanga. Male A. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 78mm. Isombo, Ikelenge, Zambia. 27 March, 1981. (Gardiner Collection).

33

Euphaedra herberti katanga. Male B. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 71mm. Isombo, Ikelenge, Zambia. 6-9 May, 1975. A. Heath. (Gardiner Collection).

Euphaedra herberti katanga. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 84mm. Zambezi rapids, Ikelenge, Zambia. 28.XII.1983. A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia. Specific localities: Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Isombo, Ikelenge (males A and B illustrated above); Zambezi rapids (female illustrated above).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) graueri Rothschild, 1918

Euphaedra graueri Rothschild, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 339 (338-345).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – 90 km west of Lake Albert Edward (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

34

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) ubangui Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra ubangui Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 44 (40-44). Euphaedra ubangui Hecq, 1974. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 42 (1-117).).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Ubangi, Katakoli”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala). Known only from the holotype. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Katakoli (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) acutoides Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra acutoides Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 (126-128).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, Cuvette centrale, Mbandaka II.1993 (P. Oremans).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. First description of female by Oremans, 2000 (Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome 2): 135 (134-136)). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Cuvette centrale, Mbandaka (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) karschi Bartel, 1905

Euphaedra karschi Bartel, 1905. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 141 (129-152).

Type locality: Cameroon: “N.W.-Kamerun (Ikassa a. Ndian)”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ikassa a. Ndian (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) sankuruensis Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra karschi sankuruensis Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 23 (21-24). Euphaedra sankuruensis Hecq, 1980. Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (2): 123 (119-124). Stat. rev.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and south). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Sankuru (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

35

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) lata Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra lata Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 23 (21-24).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (except south-east). Specific localities: Gabon – Camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) grandis Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra grandis Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 24 (21-24).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Shaba (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Sinuosa species-group

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra sinuosa Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 72/3: 87 (83-89).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu-Nord, Béni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa sinuosa Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra sinuosa Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 72/3: 87 (83-89).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu-Nord, Béni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east – Uele, north Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa plagiaria Hecq, 1980 36

Euphaedra plagiaria Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 22 (21-24). Euphaedra plagiaria Hecq, 1980. Ackery et al., 1995: 412. Euphaedra sinuosa plagiaria Hecq, 1980. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 44 (1-117).).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Stanleyville”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Tshopo). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Stanleyville (TL).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa smitsi Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra plagiaria smitsi Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 196 (195-202). Euphaedra plagiaria smitsi Hecq, 1991. Ackery et al., 1995: 412. Euphaedra sinuosa smitsi Hecq, 1991. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 44 (1-117).).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kasaï, Bukonde”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Bukonde, Kasai (TL).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) diffusa Gaede, 1916 Unmarked Pink Forester

Euphaedra xypete var. diffusa Gaede, 1916. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Synonym of Euphaedra hollandi Hecq, 1974. Ackery et al., 1995. Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, 1916. Larsen, 2005a: 418.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania. Habitat: Dense forest. In Tanzania at altitudes from 800 to 1 000 m (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi). Drier forest, mostly (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This species may be locally plentiful (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens are most often found in the vicinity of shady streams and are attracted to fallen fruit (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Validated as a good species by Oremans, 2008f.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) diffusa diffusa Gaede, 1916

Euphaedra xypete var. diffusa Gaede, 1916. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Synonym of Euphaedra hollandi Hecq, 1974. Ackery et al., 1995. Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, 1916. Larsen, 2005a: 418.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Dengdeng (TL).

37 Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (Holland, 1920); Uele (Hecq, 1974). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996; as E. hollandi). Tanzania – Kemfu Forest near Helembe (destroyed) (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi); Kasye Forest (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi); Mihumu (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi).

cyanea Holland, 1920 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 178 (109-369). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. [male only.]. Larsen (2005a: 418) considers that this taxon is possibly a junior synonym of Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, 1916.

hollandi Hecq, 1974 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 72/3: 88 (83-89). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Uele”. Synonymized with Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, 1916 by Oremans, 2008f.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) diffusa albocoerulea Hecq, 1976

Euphaedra hollandi albocoerulea Hecq, 1976. Lambillionea 76: 6 (3-9). Euphaedra albocoerulea Hecq, 1976. Hecq, 1997: 45. Euphaedra cyanea albocoerulea Hecq, 1976. D’Abrera, 2004: 402 comb. nov. Euphaedra diffusa albocoerulea Hecq, 1976. Larsen, 2005a: 418.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).

albocoerulea Rothschild, 1918 (as f. of Euphaedra xypete). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 339 (338-345). No locality given.

Mirabilis species-group

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra mirabilis Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 28 (24-28).

Type locality: Cameroon/Democratic Republic of Congo: “Du Cameroun au Zaire”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis mirabilis Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra mirabilis Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 28 (24-28).

Type locality: Cameroon/Democratic Republic of Congo: “Du Cameroun au Zaire”.

38 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (Bartel, 1905). Gabon – Gamba (Vande weghe, 2010); Mayumba (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Mpassa (Vande weghe, 2010).

mirabilis Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra xypete). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 142 (129-152). Cameroon: “Kamerun (Barombi-Station)”.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis lurida Hecq, 1997

Euphaedra mirabilis lurida Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 46 (1-117).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis nubila Hecq, 1986

Euphaedra mirabilis nubila Hecq, 1986. Lambillionea 86: 40 (39-42).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Uele, Paulis”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kivu), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis, Uele (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) ansorgei Rothschild, 1918

Euphaedra xypete ansorgei Rothschild, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 339 (338-345).

Type locality: Gabon: “Lake Asebbe, Fernan-Vas, Gaboon”; [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassai River, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Recorded, in error, from Kenya by Berger, 1981 (Larsen, 1991c) and Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Cameroon – Ikelemba (Gaede, 1916). Gabon – Lake Asebbe, Fernan-Vas (TL); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai River (Rothschild, 1918). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

themidoides Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra xypete). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Ikelemba am Sanga, Neu-Kamerun”.

violanitens Hecq, 2008 (as sp. Euphaedra). Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 106 (106-108). Democratic Republic of Congo: “?”. Synonymized with Euphaedra ansorgei Rothschild, 1918 by Oremans, 2008f.

39 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) crockeri (Butler, 1869) Crocker’s Forester

Romalaeosoma [sic] crockeri Butler, 1869. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 3: 20 (17-21).

Type locality: Ghana: “Ashanti”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Recorded, in error, from Togo, Nigeria (Cornes et al., 1973) and Congo (Bampton et al., 1991) (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A reasonably common, but localized, butterfly. Males often perch on forest paths in shafts of sunshine and, early in the morning, may bask while perched on leaves in the sunshine (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) crockeri crockeri (Butler, 1869)

Romalaeosoma [sic] crockeri Butler, 1869. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 3: 20 (17-21).

Type locality: Ghana: “Ashanti”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Ashanti (TL).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) crockeri umbratilis Hecq, 1987

Euphaedra crockeri umbratilis Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 8 (8).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “RCI, Danane”. Distribution: Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Danane (TL).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) crossei Sharpe, 1902 Crosse’s Forester

Euphaedra crossei Sharpe, 1902. Entomologist 35: 68 (65-68, 101-107).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Mozum, Benue River”. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria. Habitat: Forest, often quite open, at the forest-Guinea savanna boundary (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) crossei crossei Sharpe, 1902

Euphaedra crossei Sharpe, 1902. Entomologist 35: 68 (65-68, 101-107).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Mozum, Benue River”. 40 Distribution: Nigeria (east). Specific localities: Nigeria – Benue River – Mozum (TL), Anambra Creek (Lathy, 1903); Nsukka (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Town (Larsen, 2005a).

aureofasciata Lathy, 1903 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 191 (183-206). Nigeria: “Anambara Creek”.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) crossei akani Hecq & Joly, 2004

Euphaedra crossei akani Hecq & Joly, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (1): 60 (59-61).

Type locality: Ghana: “”. Distribution: Ghana (north). Specific localities: Ghana – Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Kintampo (E. Joly, vide Larsen, 2005a) General remarks: Typically a very localised rivernine forest butterfly (Hecq and Joly, 2004).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens Grose-Smith, 1890

Euphaedra caerulescens Grose-Smith, 1890. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 469 (463-473).

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Ethiopia?. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caerulescens Grose-Smith, 1890

Euphaedra caerulescens Grose-Smith, 1890. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 469 (463-473).

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens submarginalis Hecq, 1997

Euphaedra caerulescens submarginalis Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 47 (1-117).

Type locality: Ethiopia? Distribution: Ethiopia?

Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caliginosa Hecq, 2004

Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caliginosa Hecq, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 245 (243-246). 41

Type locality: Central African Republic: “”. Distribution: Central African Republic.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) cuprea Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra cuprea Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 80: 22 (21-24).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

No species-group assigned

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) jacqueshecqui Bollino, 1998

Euphaedra jacqueshecqui Bollino, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome III): 651 (651-654).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaire, Equateur, Bondo, 1° 26' S, 17° 23' E, octobre- novembre 1996, legit Luafa-Bomo, coll. M. Bollino (Lecce).” Holotype in author’s collection? Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Xypetana) jacqueshecqui jacqueshecqui Bollino, 1998

Euphaedra jacqueshecqui Bollino, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome III): 651 (651-654).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaire, Equateur, Bondo, 1° 26' S, 17° 23' E, octobre- novembre 1996, legit Luafa-Bomo, coll. M. Bollino (Lecce).” Holotype in author’s collection? Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Bondo (TL).

Euphaedra (Xypetana) jacqueshecqui koumbai Oremans, 2010

Euphaedra jacqueshecqui koumbai Oremans, 2010. Saturnafrica 6: 34 (33-37).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe,

42 2010).

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) mondahensis Vande weghe, Oremans & Hecq, 2005

Euphaedra (Xypetana) mondahensis Vande weghe, Oremans & Hecq, 2005. Lambillionea 105 (2) (Tome I): 263 (263-264).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Mondah forest, Malibe (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) pervaga Hecq, 1996 Cameroon Pink Forester

Euphaedra pervaga Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 (126-128).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, env. de Mbalmayo, 1994 (D. Bernaud).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mbalmayo (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Crystal Mountains (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This species was described from a single female. Larsen (2005a) captured half a dozen males in a localized area of Korup National Park in January, 1997. These appear to be the only captured specimens, so presumably this is a very rare species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) irangi Oremans, 2000

Euphaedra cuprea irangi Oremans, 2000. Entomologia Africana 5 (2): 31 (30-32). Euphaedra (Xypetana) irangi Hecq, 2004. Hecq, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 245 (243-246).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “South Kivu, Irangi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (South Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Irangi (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

smaragdula Hecq, 2004 (as ssp. of Euphaedra cuprea). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 244 (243-246). Democratic Republic of Congo: “?”. Synonymized with Euphaedra cuprea irangi Oremans, 2000 by Oremans, 2008f.

43 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) romboutsi Hecq, 2004

Euphaedra (Xypetana) romboutsi Hecq, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 244 (243-246).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) camiadei Hecq, 2004

Euphaedra (Xypetana) camiadei Hecq, 2004. Entomologia Africana 9 (2): 14 (13-15).

Type locality: Central African Republic. Distribution: Central African Republic. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) decora Hecq, 2008

Euphaedra (Xypetana) decora Hecq, 2008. Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 106 (106-108).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) discreta Hecq, 2008

Euphaedra (Xypetana) discreta Hecq, 2008. Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 107 (106-108).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) moloundou Hecq, 2008

Euphaedra (Xypetana) moloundou Hecq, 2008. Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 107 (106-108).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

44 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) semlikiana Hecq, 2008

Euphaedra (Xypetana) semlikiana Hecq, 2008. Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 107 (106-108). Cited, by the author, as either a new species or a “form”.

Type locality: ? Distribution: ? Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) larseni Hecq, 2005

Euphaedra larseni Hecq, 2005. Lambillionea 105 (2): 232 (232).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Ebonganaku, XI.1995 Larsen n°26. >MRAC Tervuren (Bruxelles)”. Described from a single female. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Ebonganaku (TL). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) cyanissima Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra cyanissima Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 205 (204-212).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “”. Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) hoyensis Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra hoyensis Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 207 (204-212).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “”. Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) luteola Hecq, 2012

45 Euphaedra luteola Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 207 (204-212).

Type locality: Nigeria: “”. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) marginepunctata Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra marginepunctata Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 208 (204-212).

Type locality: Uganda: “”. Distribution: Uganda. Specific localities: Uganda – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) montanica Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra montanica Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 208 (204-212).

Type locality: Burundi: “”. Distribution: Burundi. Specific localities: Burundi – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) sectilis Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra sectilis Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 208 (204-212).

Type locality: Tanzania: “”. Distribution: Tanzania. Specific localities: Tanzania – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Xypetana) umbratilis Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra umbratilis Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112: 208 (204-212).

Type locality: Nigeria: “”. Distribution: Nigeria. 46 Specific localities: Nigeria – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Radia Hecq, 1976

Lambillionea 76: 56 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Euryphene eusemoides Grose-Smith & Kirby, by original designation.

*Euphaedra (Radia) eusemoides (Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1889]) Western Mimic Forester

Euryphene eusemoides Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1889] in Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1887-92]. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: 1 (183 pp.). London.

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – near Freetown (S. Collins, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a) Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A localized and rare species, which is also very wary. Individuals come to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). It is an excellent mimic of certain day-flying agaristid and lasiocampid moths, even matching the slow flight of the models (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

coeruleopunctata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra eusemioides [sic?]). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Ghana: “Goldküste”.

*Euphaedra (Radia) imitans Holland, 1893 Equatorial Mimic Forester

Euphaedra imitans Holland, 1893. Canadian Entomologist 25: 3 (1-3).

47

Euphaedra imitans. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Talaguga, Upper Valley of Ogové”. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – northern part of the Oban Hills, halfway between Mkpot 1 and Itaka (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Lomie (Gaede, 1916). Gabon – Talaguga (TL); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

interjecta Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra imitans). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Lomie, Kamerun”.

Subgenus Euphaedra Hübner, [1819]

In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 39 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio cyparissa Cramer, by subsequent designation (Scudder, 1875. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 172 (91-293).).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa (Cramer, [1775]) True Forester

Papilio cyparissa Cramer, [1775] in Cramer, [1775-6]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 1: 63 (155 pp.). Amsteldam and Utrecht.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Drier forests and open wet forest or the edges of wet forest (Larsen, 2005a). It is also found in small forest fragments and in riverine forest in Guinea savanna (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species that readily comes to feed on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes often fly high up, which is unusual for the genus, and they often perch from three to 15 metres above the ground (Schultze, 1920; Larsen, 2005a). Males hilltop, selecting perches on leaves 6 to 15 m above the ground; from these perches they drive conspecifics away from their territory (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Territorial behaviour has been observed to occur between 14h00 and 15h00 (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

48

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa cyparissa (Cramer, [1775])

Papilio cyparissa Cramer, [1775] in Cramer, [1775-6]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 1: 63 (155 pp.). Amsteldam and Utrecht. Euphaedra cyparissa cyparissa (Cramer, 1775). Pyrcz et al. 2013: 4. Redescription.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon”. Distribution: Guinea (south-east), Sierra Leone, Liberia. Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a); Diecke (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Sierra Leone – Guma (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Liberia – Mount Swa (Pyrcz et al., 2013).

cato Fabricius, 1787 (as sp. of Papilio). Mantissa Insectorum 2: 12 (382 pp.). Hafniae. No locality given.

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa aurantina Pyrcz & Oremans, 2013

Euphaedra cyparissa aurantina Pyrcz & Oremans, 2013. ZooKeys 298: 9 (1-37).

Type locality: Ghana: “N. Awasso, Bibiani, Western Region, 25-400m, 02.VI.2007”. Holotype male in the MZUJ, Poland. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Abengourou (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Banco (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Ft de Dassioko (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Foret d’Azagny (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ghana – Bibiani (TL); Ankasa (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bia (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bonkro (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Cape 3 Points (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kibi (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Mate (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Mpasaso (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Nkwakwa (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Sagamae (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Tano Ofin (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Amanfrom Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Atewa Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa aurata Carpenter, 1895

Euphaedra cyparissa var. aurata Carpenter, 1895. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 8: 305 (304-310). Euphaedra cyparissa aurata Carpenter, 1895. Pyrcz et al. 2013: 14. Redescription.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Lokoja”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Distribution according to Pyrcz et al., 2013. Specific localities: Nigeria – Lokoja (Rothschild, 1918); near Obudu Town (Larsen, 2005a); Butatong, Calabar (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Lagos (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Mamu Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Okrasa, Calabar (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Old Ekuri, Calabar (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Olokomeji (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Isheri (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Oban (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Anambra Forest Reserve (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Nsukka (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Cameroon – Ebogo (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Gabon – Camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Mondah (Pyrcz et al., 2013).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa nimbina Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2013

49 Euphaedra cyparissa nimbina Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2013. ZooKeys 298: 7 (1-37).

Type locality: Guinea: “Mount Nimba”. Holotype male in ABRI, Nairobi. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Guinea – Mount Nimba (TL); Labe, Fouta Djalon (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Seredou (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ivory Coast – Mount Nimba (Pyrcz et al., 2013).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa nominalina Pyrcz & Knoop, 2013

Euphaedra cyparissa nominalina Pyrcz & Knoop, 2013. ZooKeys 298: 15 (1-37).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Mongoumba, VII.1969”. Holotype male in ABRI, Nairobi. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Moloundou (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Central African Republic – Mongoumba (TL); Bangui (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bomoloto (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo – Leubo, Kassai River (Rothschild, 1918).

aureola Rothschild, 1918 (as ssp. of Euphaedra cyparissa). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 (338-345). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Leubo, Kassai River; Congo Free State”. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Euphaedra aureola Kirby, 1889 (Nymphalidae).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa tai Hecq, 1986

Euphaedra cyparissa tai Hecq, 1986. Lambillionea 86: 42 (39-42). Euphaedra cyparissa tai Hecq, 1986. Pyrcz et al. 2013: 6. Redescription.

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “R.C. Iv. Forêt de Tai”. Distribution: Ivory Coast. Known from the type locality only. Populations from other parts of Ivory Coast and from Ghana belong to other subspecies (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera (Butler, 1871) Large True Forester

Romaleosoma sarcoptera Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 81 (79-83).

Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania. Habitat: Lowland forest. In Tanzania subspecies nipponicorum occurs from 900 to 1 100 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: The species is quite scarce in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is fast and, unlike most species in the genus, it often settles on foliage in the sunlight, often high up. When disturbed it will usually fly upwards, perching high up with closed wings (Kielland, 1990d). It seems to be a co-mimic of Charaxes fournierae jolybouyeri (Larsen, 2005a). Males hilltop, selecting perches on leaves 6 to 15 m above the ground; from these perches they drive conspecifics away from their territory (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Territorial behaviour has been observed to occur between 14h00 and 15h00 (Pyrcz et al., 2013). 50 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Dennettia tripetala Baker f. (Annonaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast].

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera sarcoptera (Butler, 1871)

Romaleosoma sarcoptera Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 81 (79-83). Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera (Butler, 1871). Pyrcz et al. 2013: 17. Redescription.

Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon (north – Pyrcz et al., 2013). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a; single record); Diecke Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Liberia – Mount Swa (Pyrcz et al., 2013) Ivory Coast – Alepe (Larsen, 2005a); Lamto (Larsen, 2005a); Banco National Park (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Teapleu (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ghana – Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Bibiani, N. Awaso (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Oda Big Tree (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Amanfrom Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kibi, Atewa Mountains (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Nigeria – Niger Delta area (Larsen, 2005a); Nsukka (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Ewohimi (Pyrcz et al., 2013) (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Sapoba (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Cameroon – Douala (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Ebogo (Pyrcz et al., 2013).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera cyparissoides Hecq, 1979

Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 31 (31-32). Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides Hecq, 1979. Pyrcz et al. 2013: 23. Redescription.

Type locality: Congo: “Ketta Forest, Ouesso”. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mintom (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Congo – Ketta Forest, Ouesso (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera ferrea Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2013

Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2013. ZooKeys 298: 20 (1-37).

Type locality: Guinea: “Mount Nimba, VI.1998 ex HWG”. Holotype male in MZUJ, Poland. Distribution: Guinea. Specific localities: Guinea – Mount Nimba (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera nipponicorum (Carcasson, 1965)

Najas sarcoptera nipponicorum Carcasson, 1965. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum 25: 51 132 (131-160). Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum (Carcasson, 1965). Pyrcz et al. 2013: 27. Redescription.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Ititye Camp, Mihuno, 25 miles east of Kigoma, Western Province, Tanzania”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (north-west). Erroneously recorded from Gabon by Vande weghe (2010), according to Pyrcz et al., 2013. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bangui (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bomoloto (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Lukulela (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mbandaka (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Sandoa (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kafakumba (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kinda (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kondue (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Tshilolo (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Tanzania – Ititye Camp, Mihuno, 25 miles east of Kigoma (TL); Mihumu (Kielland, 1990d); Kemfu (Kielland, 1990d); Kapalamsembe River (Kielland, 1990d); Mugondozi River (Kielland, 1990d); upper reaches of Lugungwizi River (Kielland, 1990d); Kasye Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013).

Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera styx Larsen & Warren-Gash, 2003

Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Larsen & Warren-Gash, 2003. Metamorphosis 14 (3): 97 (63-110). Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Larsen & Warren-Gash, 2003. Pyrcz et al. 2013: 19. Redescription.

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Tai National Park, vi.2000”. Holotype (male) in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. General remarks: Named after the river Styx, which in Greek mythology separated the land of the living from the dark world of Hades (Collins et al., 2003). Distribution: Ivory Coast. Known only from Tai National Park (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (TL).

Subgenus Euphaedrana Hecq, 1976

Lambillionea 76: 57 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Nymphalis eleus Drury, by original designation.

Relevant literature: Hecq, 2007 [Taxonomy of themis group].

Themis species-group

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) themis (Hübner, [1807]) Common Themis Forester

Najas themis Hübner, [1807] in Hübner, [1806-19]. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: pl. 60 ([vi] pp., 213 pls.). Augsberg.

52

Euphaedra themis. Male (Wingspan 67 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Guinea.] Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon (west), Congo, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Specific localities: Guinea – Macenta (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Moyamba (Wichgraf, 1921). Ivory Coast – Bereby (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria – Kagoro (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Molundu (Schultze, 1920); N’ginda (Schultze, 1920); Maléen (Schultze, 1920); Sangmelima (Schultze, 1920). Congo – Ikelemba on the Sanga River (Schultze, 1920). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Drier forest and disturbed forest mainly (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a relatively common species in most of its range (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast; this record probably refers to Euphaedra laboureana (Larsen, 2005a)].

viridifasciata Schultze, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 757 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun; Molundu”.

paupera Schultze, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 757 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun; N’ginda; Maléen; Sangmelima”.

albida Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 757 (639-829). [Congo]: “Franz. Kongo: Ikelemba (am Sanga-Fluss)”.

composita Wichgraf, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 14: 171 (171- 172, 179-180, 195-197). Sierra Leone: “Moyamba”. Elevated to subspecies level by Hecq (1997) but synonymized with Euphaedra themis by Larsen, 2005a: 421 (regarded by him to be a morph but he also suggests that it might be a valid species).

illuminata Hecq, 1991 (as female f. of Euphaedra themis). Lambillionea 91 (3): 197 (195-202). Togo.

53

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana de Toulgëot, 1957 Brownish Themis Forester

Euphaedra themis laboureana de Toulgëot, 1957. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 19: 871 (870-874).

Type locality: Guinea: “Guineé français, Tondon (Alt. 450 m.) Près Ouassou, cercle de Dubreka”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schmach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana laboureana de Toulgëot, 1957

Euphaedra themis laboureana de Toulgëot, 1957. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 19: 871 (870-874).

Type locality: Guinea: “Guineé français, Tondon (Alt. 450 m.) Près Ouassou, cercle de Dubreka”. Distribution: Guinea (east), Sierra Leone (north). Specific localities: Guinea – Tondon, Dubreka (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana eburnensis Hecq, 1979

Euphaedra eburnensis Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 24 (21-26). Euphaedra laboureana eburnensis Hecq, 1979. Larsen, 2005a: 421, stat. rev.

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Tiassalé”. Distribution: Guinea (north-east), Sierra Leone (south), Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Tiassale (TL). Ghana – Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Konongo (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a).

Note: Because the nominate subspecies and ssp. eburnensis appear to intergrade geographically, Larsen (2005a) has doubts as to whether the subspecies are valid.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana bernaudi Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra eburnensis bernaudi Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 (126-128). Euphaedra eburnensis bernaudi Hecq, 1996. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 55 (1-117). Euphaedra laboureana bernaudi Hecq, 1996. Larsen, 2005a: 421.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Mindouroux, II.1985.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mindouroux (TL).

Note: Larsen (2005a: 421), on biogeographic grounds, is not convinced that this taxon is conspecific with Euphaedra laboureana.

54

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) canui Hecq, 1987

Euphaedra canui Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 104 (103-105).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Bioko”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Caldera de Luba, Bioko (Martin, 2015). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) permixtum (Butler, 1873) Robust Themis Forester

Romaleosoma permixtum Butler, 1873. Cistula Entomologica 1: 158 (150-177).

Euphaedra permixtum permixtum. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 12 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A relatively common species (Larsen, 2005a). Individuals are often found perched on a leaf with the wings held two-thirds open, sunning themselves. They are also frequently noted feeding from fallen fruit. They are wary and if disturbed usually fly higher up, rather than disappearing into the undergrowth as most species of the genus are wont to do (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) permixtum permixtum (Butler, 1873)

Romaleosoma permixtum Butler, 1873. Cistula Entomologica 1: 158 (150-177).

55

Euphaedra permixtum permixtum. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 12 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire), Angola. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Bangala (Sharpe, 1891).

innocentia Staudinger, 1886 in Staudinger & Schatz, 1884-8 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 149 (333 pp.). Bayern. Angola.

rubronotata Sharpe, 1891 (as sp. of Romaleosoma). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 130 (130-135). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bangala”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) permixtum diva Hecq, 1982

Euphaedra permixtum diva Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 32 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Euphaedra permixtum diva. Male (Wingspan 65 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (west), Gabon. Specific localities:

56 Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti Aurivillius, 1896

Euphaedra eberti Aurivillius, 1896. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhlhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 433 (431-436).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Ubangi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti eberti Aurivillius, 1896

Euphaedra eberti Aurivillius, 1896. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhlhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 433 (431-436).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ubangi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Central African Republic. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ubangi (TL); Angabe (Schultze, 1920).

rubromaculata Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra eberti). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 759 (639-829). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg. Kongo: Ubangi (ohne nähere Angabe”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti hamus Berger, 1940

Euphaedra hamus Berger, 1940. Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G.F. de Witte (1933-1935) (30): 18 (51 pp.). Brussels.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Rutshuru (alt. 1.285 m.)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Uganda (Ruwenzori). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Rutshuru (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti hannoti Hecq, 2008

Euphaedra eberti hannoti Hecq, 2008. Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 109 (109-110).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aureola Kirby, 1889 Long-banded Themis Forester 57

Euphaedra aureola Kirby, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 246 (246-249).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic. Habitat: Wetter forests in reasonable condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly that often feeds from fallen fruit. It is wary and when disturbed flies up to alight on leaves two to four metres above the ground, but soon returns to fruit that it is feeding on (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Octolobus species (Sterculiaceae) [Larsen, vide Hecq (1997). Larsen (2005a) states that he did not supply this data.]

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aureola aureola Kirby, 1889

Euphaedra aureola Kirby, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 246 (246-249).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (Staudinger, 1891); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

auriger Staudinger, 1891 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 126 (61-157). Cameroon: “Barombi-Station”.

janettoides Strand, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 80 (A.2.): 149 (139- 161). Cameroon: “Duala”. [Doubtfully placed here.]

griseoviridis Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra auriger). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 758 (639-829). Ivory Coast: “Elfenbeinküste (Dimbroko)” [false locality]; Cameroon: “Nordwest-Kamerun (Gebiet des oberen Crossflusses)”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aureola nitens Hecq, 1997

Euphaedra aureola nitens Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 58 (1-117).

Type locality: Nigeria: Calabar. Distribution: Nigeria (south). Specific localities: Nigeria – Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a).

Note: Larsen (2005a) does not believe that this is a valid subspecies.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) exerrata Hecq, 1982 Lesser-banded Themis Forester

Euphaedra exerrata Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 47 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

58 Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A relatively common species. When disturbed while feeding on fallen fruit it flies up to settle on low foliage; if disturbed again it flies higher up (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) modesta Hecq, 1982 Modest Themis Forester

Euphaedra modesta Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 30 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “R.C.I. Bouake”. Distribution: Guinea (north-west), Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Djeke (Larsen, 2005a); Nimba (Larsen, 2005a); Seredou (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Bouake (TL). Ghana – Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Kibi area (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon species that comes to fallen fruit but is wary (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig (Sapindaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast; for Euphaedra campaspe Felder, in error for Euphaedra modesta according to Larsen, 2005a].

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) minuta Hecq, 1982 Cote d’Ivoire Forester

Euphaedra minuta Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 47 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “R.C.I.”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – near Abidjan (TL); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Wetter forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a wary butterfly. When disturbed while feeding on fruit on the ground it flies upwards to settle on a leaf some metres above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laguerrei Hecq, 1979 Insipid Themis Forester

59

Euphaedra laguerrei Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 79: 25 (21-26).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Tiassalé”. Distribution: Senegal, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast (west). Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (Hecq, 1986). Ivory Coast – Tiassale (TL); Lamto (Larsen, 2005a); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This species is quite common in central Ivory Coast but appears to be scarce elsewhere (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Cola laurifolia Mast. (Sterculiaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast].

perdita Hecq, 1986 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 86: 40 (39-42). Senegal: “Casamance, Forêt de Santiaba-Mandiak”. Synonymized with Euphaedra laguerrei Hecq, 1979 by Hecq, 1997.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta (Butler, 1871) Janetta Themis Forester

Romaleosoma janetta Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 80 (79-83).

Type locality: Ghana: “Fantee, Cape Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest, including degraded forest habitat (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is one of the commonest species of Euphaedra in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). It keeps close to the ground and is very fond of fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta janetta (Butler, 1871)

Romaleosoma janetta Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 80 (79-83).

Type locality: Ghana: “Fantee, Cape Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Danane (Hecq, 1987). Ghana – Fantee (TL); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Gambaga Escarpment (Larsen, 2005a); Mole National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (Bartel, 1905); Yaounde (Gaede, 1916); Molundu (Schultze, 1920); N’ginda (Schultze, 1920); Djimbuli (Schultze, 1920); Kumilla (Schultze, 1920); M’peum (Schultze, 1920); Yakaduma (Schultze, 1920); Assobam Forest (Schultze, 1920); Lomie (Schultze, 1920); Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

reducta Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 141 (129-152). Cameroon: “Victoria; Barombi Station”.

60

janettina Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105- 106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “N.O. Jaunde, Kamerun”.

viridis Schultze, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra janetta). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 753 (639-829). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg. Kongo: Duma (Ubangi-Distr.)” [false locality?]; Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Molundu; N’ginda; Djimbuli; Kumilla; M’peum; Yakaduma; Assobam-Urwald; Lomie”.

or Hecq, 1987 (as form of Euphaedra janetta). Lambillionea 87: 8 (8). Ivory Coast: “RCI, Danane”. Synonym of Eeuphaedra janetta (Butler, 1871) (Ackery et al., 1995: 407). Given as Euphaedra janetta or Hecq, 1987 (Hecq, 1997). Treated as a form of Euphaedra janetta by Larsen, 2005a: 424.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta insularis Schultze, 1920

Euphaedra janetta var. insularis Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 753 (639- 829).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando-Po: San Carlos”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – San Carlos, Bioko (TL).

Euphaedra janetta campaspoides Hecq, 1985

Euphaedra campaspe f. campaspoides Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 46 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Euphaedra janetta campaspoides Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 14 (7-15).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Sankuru (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta remota Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra janetta remota Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 199 (195-202).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Gemena”. Distribution: Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Specific localities: Gabon – Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Gemena (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) splendens Hecq, 1982 Splendid Themis Forester

Euphaedra splendens Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 48 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Type locality: Nigeria. 61 Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo. Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) splendens splendens Hecq, 1992

Euphaedra splendens Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 48 (25-32, 44-48, 50-52).

Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo (north). Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) splendens ghanaensis Hecq & Joly, 2004

Euphaedra splendens ghanaensis Hecq & Joly, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (1): 59 (59-61).

Type locality: Ghana: “”. Distribution: Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Mpasaso (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); near Bibiani (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vetusta (Butler, 1871) Green Themis Forester

Romaleosoma vetusta Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 82 (79-83).

Type locality: “West Africa”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. The record from Togo for this species (Karsch, 1893) is probably an error (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (Plowes, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bereby (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Kibi area (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); near Kruwa Camp in Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Dense forest. Habits: A fairly common species in the west of its range, becoming scarcer in the west (Larsen, 2005a). They are attracted to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aberrans Staudinger, 1891 Aberrant Themis Forester

Euphaedra aberrans Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 128 (61-157). 62

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana. Records from Nigeria and Cameroon are in error (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Guinea – Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ashanti (Larsen, 2005a); Akropong (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) stellata Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra stellata Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 197 (195-202).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Moloundou”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Moloundou (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) campaspe (Felder & Felder, [1867])

Romalaeosoma [sic] campaspe Felder & Felder, [1867] in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 431 (549 pp.). Wien.

Type locality: Gabon: “Africa occidentalis aequtorialis: Gabon”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) campaspe campaspe (Felder & Felder, [1867])

Romalaeosoma [sic] campaspe Felder & Felder, [1867] in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 431 (549 pp.). Wien.

Type locality: Gabon: “Africa occidentalis aequtorialis: Gabon”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) campaspe permixtoides Hecq, 1986

Euphaedra campaspe permixtoides Hecq, 1986. Lambillionea 86: 56 (53-61).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Gemena”. 63 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Gemena (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) centralis Hecq, 1985

Euphaedra campaspe centralis Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 14 (7-15).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central basin). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) congo Hecq, 1985

Euphaedra congo Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 14 (7-15).

Type locality: Congo: “Congo-Brazza, Forêt de Tsiémé”. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Congo – Tsieme Forest (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kimuenza (Schultze, 1920); Kinshasa (Ackery et al., 1995). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

saritina Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. janetta and E. sarita). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 755 (639-829). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg. Kongo: Kimuenza”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) justicia Staudinger, [1886] Justicia Themis Forester

Justicia Themis Forester. Male. Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra themis var. justicia Staudinger, [1886] in Staudinger & Schatz, [1884-8]. Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 149 (333 pp.). 64 Bayern. Euphaedra justitia Staudinger, 1886 = justicia Auctt. (misspelling). D’Abrera, 2004: 408 stat. nov. Euphaedra justicia Staudinger, 1886. Larsen, 2005a.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Lagos”; “Isubu”; Cameroon: “Camerun”; Gabon: “Gabun”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Recorded, in error, from Ghana by Kuhne, 1999 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Lagos (TL); Isubu (Staudinger, 1886); Calabar (Hecq, 1997). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Ndougou (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

auretta Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105- 106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”. [Doubtfully placed here.]

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) appositiva Hecq, 1982

Euphaedra appositiva Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 53 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Euphaedra janetta appositiva Hecq, 1982. Ackery et al., 1995: 407. Euphaedra appositiva Hecq, 1982. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 65 (1-117).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun”. Distribution: Cameroon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) apparata Hecq, 1982

Euphaedra apparata Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 44 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru, Kasai). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Sankuru (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina (Hewitson, [1865]) Golden Themis Forester

65

Golden Themis Forester (Euphaedra adonina). Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Romalaeosoma [sic] adonina Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 37 (124 pp.). London.

Euphaedra adonina prasina. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euphaedra adonina prasina. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

66 Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon and wary species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina adonina (Hewitson, [1865])

Romalaeosoma [sic] adonina Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 37 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Lees, 1989).

reflecta Hecq, 1982 (as ssp. of Euphaedra adonina). Lambillionea 82: 52 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Nigeria. Given as a subspecies of Euphaedra adonina (Hewitson) in Ackery et al., 1995: 402 but treated as a synonym of Euphaedra adonina by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 65 (1-117).).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina spectacularis Hecq, 1997

Euphaedra adonina spectacularis Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 66 (1-117).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Akpabuyo in the Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Congo – Etoumbi (Talbot, 1932). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Note: Larsen (2005a) states that he found a male of subspecies spectacularis in the Cator collection in the NHM, London from Akpabuyo in the Oban Hills, Nigeria.

rotundata Talbot, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra themis). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 288 (288-289). Congo: “French Congo: Etoumbi”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina prasina Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra adonina prasina Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 198 (195-202).

67

Euphaedra adonina prasina. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euphaedra adonina prasina. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Moloundou”. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Moloundou (TL); Minyass (Schultze, 1920); Yukaduma (Schultze, 1920). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Ndougou (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Leke, east of Franceville (Vande weghe, 2010).

Note: Larsen (2005a) states that prasina is sympatric with spectacularis and looks rather different. He states that it is almost certainly a valid species.

seminigra Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra adonina). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 751 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Minyass”.

prasina Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra adonina). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 751 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Molundu; Yukaduma”.

68 *Euphaedra sardetta Gaede, 1916 Pearl-banded Themis Forester

Euphaedra themis var. sardetta Gaede, 1916. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Euphaedra sardetta Gaede, 1916. Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 155 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Euphaedra sardetta Gaede, 1916. Oremans, 2008f.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kinshasha). Specific localities: Cameroon – Dengdeng (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a; as Euphaedra piriformis). Gabon – Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a; as Euphaedra piriformis). Habits: This is an uncommon species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Validated as a good species by Oremans, 2008f.

implete Gaede, 1916 (as f. of Euphaedra themis var. sardetta). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”.

piriformis Hecq, 1982 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 82: 52 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Cameroon: “Cameroun”. Synonymized with Euphaedra sardetta Gaede, 1916 by Oremans, 2008f. Treated as a valid species by Vande weghe (2010: 306), without reference to Oreman’s (2008f) treatment of the taxon.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uniformis Berger, 1981

Uniform Forester (Euphaedra uniformis). Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra uniformis Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 155 (543 pp.). Bruxelles.

69

Euphaedra uniformis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: “du Cameroun au Zaire”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (north). Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

uniformis Neustetter, 1916 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis campaspe). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 101 (95-108). Gabon: “Gabun”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ueleana Hecq, 1982

Euphaedra ueleana Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 45 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Uele”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Uele (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) controversa Hecq, 1997 Controversial Themis Forester

Euphaedra controversa Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 68 (1-117).

Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Ekuri, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Ekonganaku, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Scarce in Nigeria but commoner in Cameroon (Larsen, 2005a).

70 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Ceres species-group

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres (Fabricius, 1775) Ceres Forester

Papilio ceres Fabricius, 1775. Systema Entomologiae 504 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae.

Euphaedra ceres ceres. Male (Wingspan 63 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euphaedra ceres ceres. Female (Wingspan 77 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon Africae”. Distribution: Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Mainly in dry forest but also in wet forest, degraded habitats and even suburban gardens (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a common species that regularly comes to feed on fallen fruit; when so engaged it is not

71 wary, unlike many of the scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres ceres (Fabricius, 1775)

Papilio ceres Fabricius, 1775. Systema Entomologiae 504 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae.

Euphaedra ceres ceres. Male (Wingspan 63 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euphaedra ceres ceres. Female (Wingspan 77 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon Africae”. Distribution: Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001). Specific localities: Gambia – Abuko Forest (Barnett & Emms, 1999). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001); Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016).

lucille Cramer, 1777 (as sp. of Papilio). Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen 72 Asia, Africa en America 2: 93 (151 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. “Guinea”.

lucullus Herbst, 1792 (as sp. of Papilio). Natursystem aller bekannten in- und ausländischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 5: 94 (231 pp.). Berlin. “Africa”.

schultzei Neustetter, 1927 (as hybrid of E. ceres and E. themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 15 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leona”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres lutescens Hecq, 1979

Euphaedra ceres lutescens Hecq, 1979. Lambillionea 78: 73 (70-74). Synonym of Euphaedra ceres artaynta Möschler, 1887. Ackery et al., 1995: 403. Euphaedra ceres lutescens Hecq, 1979. Hecq, 1997: 72.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Prov. de Calabar, Aningete”. Distribution: Benin, Nigeria. Specific localities: Benin – Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008); Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria – Aningete, Calabar (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres electra Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra ceres electra Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 41 (40-48, 51-61).

Euphaedra ceres electra. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 13 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun”. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ikelemba (Schultze, 1920); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mondah, Malibe (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kimuenza (Schultze, 1920).

73

zeuxis Westwood, 1850 in Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52] (as sp. of Romalaeosoma [sic]). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 284 (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. “Congo”.

abluta Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra ceres). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 759 (639-829). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg. Kongo: Kimuenza”; Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Ikilemba”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita (Sharpe, 1891)

Romaleosoma sarita Sharpe, 1891. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 133 (130-135).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bangala”. Distribution: Cameroon?, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015), Ethiopia. Recorded, in error, from Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita sarita (Sharpe, 1891)

Romaleosoma sarita Sharpe, 1891. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 133 (130-135).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bangala”. Distribution: Cameroon?, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and north), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Ft de Bimbo (Hecq, 1977). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bangala (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

stigmatica Hecq, 1977 (as f. of Euphaedra sarita sarita). Lambillionea 76: 92 (86-93; 77: 5-12). Central African Republic: “R.C.A., Ft de Bimbo”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita lulua Hecq, 1977

Euphaedra sarita lulua Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 76: 92 (86-93; 77: 5-12).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba, Kapanga”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga, Shaba (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita abyssinica Rothschild, 1902

Euphaedra sarita abyssinica Rothschild, 1902. Novitates Zoologicae 9: 596 (595-598).

Type locality: [Ethiopia]: “Kankati forest, Djimma; Banka, Malo”. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). 74 Specific localities: Ethiopia – Kankati Forest, Djimma (TL); Banka, Malo (Rothschild, 1902).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) grilloti Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra grilloti Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 42 (40-48, 51-61).

Type locality: Congo: “Congo Brazzaville, Ile M’Bamou”. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east). Specific localities: Congo – M’Bamou Island (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fontainei Hecq, 1977

Euphaedra fontainei Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 77: 10 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Boma”. Distribution: Gabon?, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Boma (TL); Luki (Hecq, 1977). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

agraphica Hecq, 1977 (as f. of Euphaedra fontainei). Lambillionea 77: 10 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bas-Zaire, Luki”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) intermedia Rebel, 1914

Euphaedra sarita f. intermedia Rebel, 1914. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 244 (219-294).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Beni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu, Uele), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL); Itoa River, Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

obsoleta Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 66 (40- 166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Itoa River, Ituri Forest”.

*Euphaedra rex Stoneham, 1935 King Forester

Euphaedra rex Stoneham, 1935. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (23): [1] ([1 p.]).

75

Euphaedra rex. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 7 Octobr 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: Kenya: “Malawa Forest, Kenya Colony”. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west). Specific localities: Kenya – Malawa Forest (TL) [= Malaba Forest]; Kakamega Forest (van Someren, 1935); Bunyala (Stoneham, 1965); Nandi (Larsen, 1991c); Kisii (Larsen, 1991c). Habitat: Dense forest (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: This is a scarce forester which is said to sometimes be numerous in December and January (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Deinbollia sp. (Sapindaceae) [Collins, in CRG database, 2016; Kakamega, Kenya].

kakamegae van Someren, 1935 (as subsp. of Euphaedra ugandae). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 71 (59-89). Kenya: “Kakamega”. Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 74 (1-117) regards rex to be a synonym of kakamegae van Someren but is not correct since the description of rex was published in April, 1935 and that of kakamegae in June, 1935.

bunyalae Stoneham, 1965 (as f. of Euphaedra rex). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (81): [1] ([3 pp.]). Kenya: “Bunyala”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phosphor Joicey & Talbot, 1921

Euphaedra ceres f. phosphor Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 66 (40-166).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Albertville”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east), Burundi, Tanzania (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Albertville (TL). Tanzania – Localities close to Lake Tanganyika in Mpanda and Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest, including riparian forest. In Tanzania it is found at altitudes between 800 to 1 200 m, occasionally up to 1 700 m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages:

Congdon & Collins, 1996: 18 [larva illustrated in colour]. 76

Larval food: Deinbollia fulvotomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Congdon & Bampton, in CRG database, 2016; as fulvotomentosum; Kasye, Tanzania]. Poliscias sp. near fulva (Hiern) Harms (Araliaceae) [Congdon & Collins, 1996: 18; Kasye forest, Tanzania].

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) afzelii (Felder & Felder, [1867]) Green Ceres Forester

Romalaeosoma [sic] afzelii Felder & Felder, [1867] in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 430 (549 pp.). Wien.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone. Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast by Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979 (Larsen, 2005a), and from Nigeria (St Leger 1989). Also recorded, probably erroneously, from Central African Republic by Noss (1998) [MCW]. Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Guma Valley, Freetown (Belcastro, 1990). Habitat: Forest of good quality (Belcastro, 1990). Habits: Apparently flies only in dense forest (Belcastro, 1990). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published, but see remarks under Euphaedra phaethusa.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) inanum (Butler, 1873) Unmarked Ceres Forester

Romaleosoma inanum Butler, 1873. Cistula Entomologica 1: 158 (150-177).

Type locality: Ghana: “Ashanti”. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Records from east of the Dahomey Gap refer to other species (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Ghana – Ashanti (TL); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: All types of forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is an uncommon species that is very wary, even when feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast].

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa (Butler, 1866) Common Ceres Forester

Romaleosoma phaethusa Butler, 1866. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 670 (667-673).

Type locality: [Ghana]: “Ashantee”. Original description:

77

78

Euphaedra phaethusa phaethusa. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana. 26 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Bivar-de-Sousa et al., 2016), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon. Habitat: Forest, included degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common species (Larsen, 2005a) Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Lamto, Ivory Coast; recorded for Euphaedra afzelii but Larsen (2005a) says that the record probably refers to Euphaedra phaethusa since the specimens that eclosed had yellow forewing bands].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa phaethusa (Butler, 1866)

Romaleosoma phaethusa Butler, 1866. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 670 (667-673).

Euphaedra phaethusa phaethusa. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana. 26 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Ashantee”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria? Specific localities: Ghana – Ashanti (TL); Aburi (Möschler, 1887); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-

79 Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Togo – Bismarckburg (Bartel, 1905). Benin – Niaouli (Hecq, 1997); Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria – Kagoro (Larsen, 2005a; may not represent phaethusa).

artynta Möschler, 1887 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Abhandlungen hrsg. Von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 15: 60 (49-100). Ghana: “Aburi”. Given as a subspecies of Euphaedra ceres (Fabricius, 1775) by Ackery et al., 1995 but regarded to be a junior synonym of Euphaedra phaethusa (Butler, 1866) by Larsen, 2005a: 426.

vespasia Möschler, 1887 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Abhandlungen hrsg. Von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 15: 59, 97 (49-100). Ghana: “Aburi”.

adelica Bartel, 1905 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 140 (129-152). Togo: “Bismarckburg”.

ceroides Hecq, 1979 (as f. of Euphaedra inanum). Lambillionea 78: 74 (70-74). Ghana.

ceroides Hecq, 1983 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 83: 46 (40-48, 51-61). [Ghana.]

scrupulosa Hecq, 1997 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 90 (1-117). Benin: “Niaouli”. Considered to be a synonym of Euphaedra phaethusa phaesutha (Butler, 1866) by Larsen (2005a: 427).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa aurea Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra ceroides aurea Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 47 (40-48, 51-61). Synonym of Euphaedra phaethusa (Butler, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 412. Euphaedra phaethusa aurea Hecq, 1983. Hecq, 1997: 76.

Type locality: Sierra Leone/Liberia: “au Liberia et à la Sierra Leone”. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Bivar-de-Sousa et al., 2016), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia (west).

aurea Neustetter, 1927 (as ab. of Euphaedra ceres). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 16 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Liberia; Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leona”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa proserpina Hecq, 1983 Splendid Ceres Forester

Euphaedra proserpina Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 58 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra phaethusa proserpina Hecq, 1983. Pyrcz et al., 2011: 632. Stat. rev.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Okarara”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okarara (TL); Okomu Nature Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Wetter forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

80

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa tisiphona Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra proserpina tisiphona Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 60 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra tisiphona Hecq, 1983. Hecq, 1997: 85. Euphaedra proserpina tisiphona Hecq, 1983. Larsen, 2005a: 429. Euphaedra phaethusa tisiphona Hecq, 1983. Pyrcz et al., 2011: 632. Stat. nov.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun”. Distribution: Cameroon (except coast).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) delera Hecq, 1989 Brown Ceres Forester

Euphaedra delera Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 67 (67-68).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Lamto”. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Ivory Coast (central). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Bandama Valley, Lamto (TL); Dimbrok, near Lamto (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast].

delera Hecq, 1983 (as f. of Euphaedra ceroides). Lambillionea 83: 47 (40-48, 51-61). Ivory Coast: “Côte d’Ivoire (Lamto)”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) villiersi Condamin, 1964 Villiers’ Ceres Forester

Euphaedra ceres villiersi Condamin, 1964. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 202 (180-220).

Type locality: Senegal: “Forêt classée de Santiaba-Mandjak”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone. Specific localities: Senegal – Santiaba-Mandjak (TL); Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea – Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea Bartel, 1905 Brown-patch Ceres Forester

81

Brown-patch Ceres Forester (Euphaedra viridicaerulea). Male. Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra viridicaerulea Bartel, 1905. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 139 (129-152).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun, (Bipindi)”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea viridicaerulea Bartel, 1905

Euphaedra viridicaerulea Bartel, 1905. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 139 (129-152).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun, (Bipindi)”. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bipindi (TL); Korup (Lees, 1989). Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Ndougou (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea inanoides Holland, 1920

Euphaedra inanoides Holland, 1920. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 175 (109-369).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and north). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea griseargentina Hecq, 1977

Euphaedra viridicaerulea griseargentina Hecq, 1977. Lambillionea 76: 90 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba”.

82 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Shaba (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea nitidula van Someren, 1935

Euphaedra viridicaerulea nitidula van Someren, 1935. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 70 (59- 89).

Type locality: Uganda: “Entebbe”. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya. Specific localities: Uganda – Entebbe (TL); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

Note: Subspecies nitidula van Someren is not included in the monograph of the genus Euphaedra by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117). Instead he recognizes subargentina Hecq, as a good subspecies (p. 78); Ackery et al., 1995: 416, however, correctly treat subargentina as a junior synonym of nitidula (see below).

viridis Rothschild, 1918 (as f. of Euphaedra ugandae). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 (338-345). Uganda: “Entebbe”. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Euphaedra edwardsii viridis Suffert, 1904, and Euphaedra janetta var. viridis Schultze, 1917 [Nymphalidae].

subargentina Hecq, 1977 (as replacement name for Euphaedra uganda f. viridis Rothschild). Lambillionea 76: 90 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uganda Aurivillius, 1895 Uganda Forester

Perching male of Euphaedra uganda uganda. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra uganda Aurivillius, 1895. Entomologisches Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 380 (379-382).

Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Often settles on paths in wet places. Very wary and if alarmed it will immediately fly rapidly into dense undergrowth (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published.

83 Larval food: Allophylus africanus P.Beauv. var. africanus (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Allophylus subcoriaceus Baker]. Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uganda uganda Aurivillius, 1895

Euphaedra uganda Aurivillius, 1895. Entomologisches Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 380 (379-382).

Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda. Specific localities: Uganda – Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpublished, 2014).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uganda minzuru Hecq, 1992

Euphaedra uganda minzuru Hecq, 1992. Lambillionea 92: 46 (46-47).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Minzuru Mukoba”. Diagnosis: Compared to the nominate subspecies the ground-colour is greenish blue rather than deep blue (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Tanzania – Minziro Forest (TL); Kikuru (rare) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ravola (Hewitson, [1866]) Ravola Ceres Forester

Romalaeosoma [sic] ravola Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 40 (124 pp.). London.

Euphaedra ravola. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection. 84

Euphaedra ravola. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euphaedra ravola. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Ivory Coast?, Ghana?, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (except east). Larsen (2005a) suspects that records for ravola from Ivory Coast and Ghana (Hecq, 1997) may, in fact, refer to Euphaedra phaethusa. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Ndougou (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Sankuru (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A generally uncommon species that is wary even when feeding on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

85 Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1912: p. cxix

Farquharson, 1921: 402 (Nigeria) The larvae are gregarious. They are chocolate-brown with vivid sulphur-yellow lateral processes.

Larval food: Nothing published.

insignis Hecq, 1983 (as f. of Euphaedra ravola). Lambillionea 83: 57 (40-48, 51-61). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) margaritifera Schultze, 1920 Pearl-edged Ceres Forester

Pearl-edged Ceres Forester (Euphaedra margaritifera). Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra margaritifera Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 761 (639-829).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Molundu; N’ginda; N’guffi-Urwald; Bange-Urwald”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Molundu (TL); N’ginda (Schultze, 1920); N’guffi Forest (Schultze, 1920); Bange Forest (Schultze, 1920); Bipindi (Neustetter, 1927). Gabon – Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce and wary species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

zenkeri Neustetter, 1927 (as var. of Euphaedra ceres). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 16 (7- 8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Cameroon: “Bipindi, Süd-Kamerun”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana Gaede, 1916 Preuss’ Ceres Forester

Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916. Reference?? Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117). 86

Type locality: ? Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Alternative common name: Pearl-edged Ceres Forester. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916 is not included in Ackery et al., 1995. Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117)) treats it as a good species as does Larsen, 2005a.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana preussiana Gaede, 1916

Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916. Reference?? Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117).

Type locality: ? Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – M’peum (TL). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010).

mendax Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. ravola and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 760 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: M’peum”.

mendax Hecq, 1983 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 83: 60 (40-48, 51-61). Cameroon: “Sud Camerun”. Given as a good species in Ackery et al., 1995: 410 but regarded as a synonym of Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916 by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana protea Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra protea Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 54 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra preussiana protea Hecq, 1983. Hecq, 1997: 81.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Mkpot”. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east); Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Mkpot (TL); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana robusta Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra mendax robusta Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 61 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra preussiana robusta Hecq, 1983. Hecq, 1997: 81.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (west).

87 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) solida Hecq, 1997

Euphaedra solida Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) cottoni Sharpe, 1907

Euphaedra cottoni Sharpe, 1907. Entomologist 40: 155 (155-156).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ituri Forest, Congo Free State, between Irumu- Mawambi-Beni, elevation between 2950-2100 ft”. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (east). Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast and Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998; as Euphaedra rezioides). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (TL); Medje (Holland, 1920). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

rezioides Holland, 1920 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 177 (109-369). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Given as a good species in Ackery et al., 1995: 414 but treated as a synonym of Euphaedra cottoni Sharpe, 1907 by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 82 (1-117).).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rezia (Hewitson, [1866]) Rezia Ceres Forester

Rezia Ceres Forester (Euphaedra rezia). Male underside. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Romalaeosoma [sic] rezia Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 39 (124 pp.). London.

88

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. Distribution: Nigeria?, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. The presence of this species in Nigeria needs confirmation (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Gabon – Nyonie (Vande weghe, 2010); Pongara (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Evengue Island (Vande weghe, 2010); Iguela (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Guilbot & Guillaumin, 1978.

Larval food: Pancovia species (Sapindaceae) [Ackery et al., 1995].

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) jolyana Hecq, 1986

Euphaedra jolyana Hecq, 1986. Lambillionea 86: 41 (39-42).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Gemena”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Gemena (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) regisleopoldi Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra regis-leopoldi Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 (126-128).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, Gemena, X.1984.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Gemena (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) regularis Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra regularis Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 56 (40-48, 51-61).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru Katabo-Kombo”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru, Kasai). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Katabo-Kombo, Sankur (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

89

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) persephona Hecq, 1983

Euphaedra proserpina persephona Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 59 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra persephona Hecq, 1983. Hecq, 1997: 85.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Victoria”. Distribution: Cameroon (Douala region). Recorded, in error, from Togo and Benin by Ackery et al., 1995 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Cameroon – Victoria (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) nigrocilia Lathy, 1903 Brighter Ceres Forester

Euphaedra nigrocilia Lathy, 1903. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 190 (183-206).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Anambara Creek”. Distribution: Nigeria (east). Specific localities: Nigeria – Anambara Creek (TL); Lokoja (Larsen, 2005a); Mamu (Larsen, 2005a); Nsukka (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Drier forest in the savanna transition zone (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A localized and uncommon species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ignota Hecq, 1996 Ghana Ceres Forester

Euphaedra ignota Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 (126-128).

Type locality: Ghana: “Kibi 20.V.1976 (R.T.P. Maessen).” Place of deposition of types not stated but apparently Tervuren, Balgium (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Kibi (TL); Kruwa in Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Mpasaso Forest (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); Cape Three Points (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Aduse-Poku & Doku- Marfo, 2007). Habitat: Dense forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is apparently a very rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) tenebrosa Hecq, 1983 Cote d’Ivoire Ceres Forester

90 Euphaedra nigrocilia tenebrosa Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 53 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra tenebrosa Hecq, 1983. Hecq, 1997: 86.

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Côte d’Ivoire Man”. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Guinea – Kerouane (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Man (TL); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) wojtusiaki Hecq, 1993 Wojtusiak’s Ceres Forester

Euphaedra wojtusiaki Hecq, 1993. Lambillionea 93 (2) (Tome II): 246 (246-247).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Anambra State, Neukka 14.XI.1982, J. Wojtusiak leg.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (east). Specific localities: Nigeria – Nsukka (TL); Edo (Pyrcz et al., 2011); Ondo (Pyrcz et al., 2011). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) luteolucens Hecq, 1995 Gashaka-Gumpti Ceres Forester

Euphaedra luteolucens Hecq, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 106 (106-110).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Gashaka N.P., Mayo Dim XI.94, D. Knoop.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Nigeria – Gashaka-Gumpti Nationa Park (TL). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) knoopiana Hecq, 1995 Knoop’s Ceres Forester

Euphaedra knoopiana Hecq, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 107 (106-110).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Gashaka National Park, Mayo Dim, 500 m, X.1994, D. Knoop.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Nigeria – Gashaka-Gumpti National Park (TL). Habitat: Forest. 91 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) jacksoni Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra jacksoni Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 79: 64 (62-64).

Type locality: Gabon. Distribution: Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) dargeana Hecq, 1980 Darge’s Ceres Forester

Euphaedra dargeana Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 79: 62 (62-64).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mt Kala, 1150 m”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo? (north). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Mount Kala (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) demeter Hecq, 1983 Demeter Ceres Forester

Euphaedra demeter Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 54 (40-48, 51-61).

92 Euphaedra demeter. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Ebogo (TL). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Apparently very rare in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) velutina Hecq, 1997 Velvet Ceres Forester

Euphaedra subrezia Hecq, 1983. Lambillionea 83: 56 (40-48; 51-61). Invalid. Euphaedra subrezia Hecq, 1983. Ackery et al., 1995: 415. Euphaedra velutina Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 89 (1-117). Replacement name for subrezia.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Mkpot”. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Ghana – Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Mkpot (TL). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is generally a rare species of butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subprotea Hecq, 1986

Euphaedra subprotea Hecq, 1986. Lambillionea 86: 41 (39-42).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Mayumbe, Luali”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Gabon – Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Luali, Mayumbe (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) densamacula Hecq, 1997 Black-spot Ceres Forester

93 Euphaedra densamacula Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 90 (1-117).

Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) compacta Hecq, 1997 Compacted Ceres Forester

Euphaedra compacta Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 91 (1-117).

Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Larsen (2005a) expresses some doubt as to the validity of this species.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) francina (Godart, [1824]) Magnificent Forester

Nymphalis francina Godart, [1824] in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 390 (1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]). Paris.

Euphaedra francina. Male composite. Left – subspecies exuberans; right – subspecies francina. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

94 Type locality: “Côte de Guinée”. Sierra Leone designated as type locality by Collins & Larsen (in Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Habitat: Primary wet forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A somewhat localized but by no means scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Males make early morning sexual displays in sunlit forest tracks 25-30 m long. Females emerging from the forest are soon mated, sometimes before their wings have fully hardened (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) observed oviposition behaviour in a female, noting that more than 25 indiscriminate landings did not result in any eggs being laid. He also observed and photographed a female that was attacked and eaten by a praying mantis (Polyspilota aeriginosa (Goeze)) (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) francina francina (Godart, [1824])

Nymphalis francina Godart, [1824] in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 390 (1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]). Paris.

Euphaedra francina. Male composite. Left – subspecies exuberans; right – subspecies francina. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: “Côte de Guinée”. Sierra Leone designated as type locality by Collins & Larsen (in Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia.

sophron Doubleday, 1848 in Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52] (as sp. of Romaleosoma). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 38 [1848], 284 [1850] (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. Sierra Leone.

latefasciata Neustetter, 1916 (as ab. of Euphaedra franzina [sic]). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 101 (95-108). Liberia.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) francina exuberans Collins & Larsen, 2005

95 Euphaedra francina exuberans Collins & Larsen, 2005. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 555.

Euphaedra francina. Male composite. Left – subspecies exuberans; right – subspecies francina. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Ghana: “Atewa Range, Sagamase”. Holotype (male) March, 2000 (leg. et coll. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Diagnosis: Differs from the nominate subspecies in that the forewing upperside submarginal band is distinctly broader (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana (west). Specific localities: Ghana – Sagamase, Atewa Range (TL); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Draw River (Larsen, 2005a).

Preussi species-group

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussi Staudinger, 1891

Euphaedra preussi. Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

96

Euphaedra preussi Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157).

Euphaedra preussi preussi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya. Habitat: Dense lowland forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussi preussi Staudinger, 1891

Euphaedra preussi Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157).

Euphaedra preussi preussi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

97

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba), Angola, Uganda, Ethiopia (south), Kenya (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL); Akonolinga (Gaede, 1916); Dendeng (Gaede, 1916); Ebogo (Gaede, 1916); Assamba (Schultze, 1920); Yukaduma (Schultze, 1920); Sangmelima (Schultze, 1920); Babunga (Schultze, 1920); N’ginda (Schultze, 1920); Makak Station (Birket-Smith, 1960). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Njam-Njam (Staudinger, 1891); Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Luebo (Rebel, 1914); Duma (Schultze, 1920); Medje (Holland, 1920); Itoa River, Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Uganda – Sesse Islands (Aurivillius, 1912); Buamba Forest (Talbot, 1929); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

njamnjami Staudinger, 1891 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157). Central African Republic: “Njam-Njam-Gebiet”.

albovittata Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as ab. of Euphaedra peculiaris). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 184 (614 pp.). Uganda: “Sesse Islands”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/p).

ochrofasciata Rebel, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra preussi). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 243 (219-294). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Luebo (Kassai, Kongo)”.

albipunctata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Akonolinga, Kamerun”.

marginemaculata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”.

flavofasciata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Ebogo, Kamerun”.

scintillans Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi (or E. ravola?) and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 766 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Assamba; Yukaduma; Sangmelima”.

perturbans Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 768 (639-829). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg Kongo: Duma (Ubangi-Distr.)”.

monticola Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 768 (639-829). Cameroon: “Babungo (1500 m)”.

versicolor Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 769 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: N’ginda”.

notata Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 173 (109-369). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”.

latefasciata Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 175 (109-369). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”.

obsoleta Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 66 (40- 166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Itoa River, Ituri Forest”. 98

nigrodiscalis Birket-Smith, 1960 (as ab. of Euphaedra preussi preussi). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 22: 942 (521-554, 924-983, 1259-1284). Cameroon: “Greater clearing at the river Nyong just south of the station of Makak, French Cameroons”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussi pallida Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra preussi pallida Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 11 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kafakumba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina Hecq, 1984 Glossy White-striped Forester

Euphaedra vicina Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28).

Euphaedra vicina vicina. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Béni”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina vicina Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra vicina Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28).

99

Euphaedra vicina vicina. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Béni”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (Staudinger, 1891). Gabon – Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni, Kivu (TL).

preussi Staudinger, 1891 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157). Cameroon: “Barombi Station”. [In part.]

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina longiqua Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra vicina longiqua Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina pallidoides Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra vicina pallidoides Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Shaba (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) procera Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra procera Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28). 100

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Beni (Kivu)”. Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni, Kivu (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subprocera Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra subprocera Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 13 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Beni (Kivu)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni, Kivu (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) albofasciata Berger, 1981

Euphaedra albofasciata Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 157 (543 pp.). Bruxelles.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu-Nord”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – North Kivu (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

albofasciata Rebel, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra preussi). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 243 (219-294). No locality given.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) disjuncta Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra disjuncta Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 13 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Beni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) disjuncta disjuncta Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra disjuncta Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 13 (9-16, 23-28).

101

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Beni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba), Central African Republic. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni, Kivu (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) disjuncta virens Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra disjuncta virens Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Shaba (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) mayumbensis Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra mayumbensis Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Mayumbe”. Distribution: Gabon (Hecq, 1977), Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe), Central African Republic (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mayumbe (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subviridis Holland, 1920

Euphaedra preussi var. subviridis Holland, 1920. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 174 (109-369).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known from the type locality and Irangi. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (TL); Irangi (Ackery et al., 1995). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fulvofasciata Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra fulvofasciata Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28).

102

Euphaedra fulvofasciata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euphaedra fulvofasciata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 14 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Uele”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kivu). Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Uele (TL); Medje (Holland, 1920). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

fulvofasciata Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 174 (109-369). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”.

angustior Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 175 (109-369). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”.

103 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) leloupi Overlaet, 1955

Euphaedra leloupi Overlaet, 1955. Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 40 (1-106).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “gorges de la Pelenge”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Lomami, Lualaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Pelenge gorge (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) margueriteae Hecq, 1978

Euphaedra margueriteae Hecq, 1978. Lambillionea 77: 69 (69-71).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Kashusha”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kashusha (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) overlaeti Hulstaert, 1926

Euphaedra overlaeti Hulstaert, 1926. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 14: 62 (60-63).

Euphaedra overlaeti. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 82mm. Lisombo River, Mwinilunga, N. Rhodesia [Zambia]. V.1963. Nat. Mus. S.R. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kafakumba (Lulua)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba, Lualaba), Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba, Lulua (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Lisombo River, Mwinilunga (male illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published.

104 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fascinata Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra fascinata Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28).

Euphaedra fascinata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Central African Republic: “R.C.A. Bangui”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Makak (Birket-Smith, 1960). Gabon – Camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Bangui (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

coerulea Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as female f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 67 (40-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ituri Forest, thirty miles south of Irumu”.

kataphraktar Birket-Smith, 1960 (as ab. of Euphaedra eleus eleus). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 22: 944 (521-554, 924-983, 1259-1284). Cameroon: “Dense undergrowth in primary forest at the river Nyong just south of Makak, French Cameroons”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) xerophila Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra xerophila Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 29 (25-31).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Uvira, Rivière Mugadja”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mugadja River, Uvira (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 105

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ochrovirens Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra ochrovirens Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 16 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ebogo (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) miranda Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra miranda Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 16 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “R.C.A., Bangui”. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic (in the vicinity of Bangui), Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – M’peum (Schultze, 1920); Yukaduma (Schultze, 1920); Momos (Schultze, 1920); Assobam Forest (Schultze, 1920). Central African Republic – Bangui (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

opalina Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 767 (639-829). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: M’peum; Yukaduma; Momos; Assobam-Urwald”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) niveovittata Overlaet, 1955

Euphaedra niveovittata Overlaet, 1955. Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 37 (1-106).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ganza; Mabwe; Lukorami; Kanonga; gorges de la Pelenge; Munoi; Difirinji”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south – especially Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ganza (TL); Mabwe (Overlaet, 1955); Lukorami (Overlaet, 1955); Kanonga (Overlaet, 1955); Pelenge gorge (Overlaet, 1955); Munoi (Overlaet, 1955); Difirinji (Overlaet, 1955). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

niveovittata Aurivillius, 1903 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Arkiv för Zoologi 1: 249 (245-254). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Katanga”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/t).

106 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) illustris Talbot, 1927

Euphaedra preussi illustris Talbot, 1927. Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 269 (267-270).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Katanga, Lengi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lengi, Katanga (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) bergeri Hecq, 1974

Euphaedra bergeri Hecq, 1974. Lambillionea 74: 10 (7-13).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “district de la Lulua, Kafakumba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba, Lulua (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) cinnamomea Rothschild, 1918

Euphaedra preussi form cinnamomea Rothschild, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 (338-345). Euphaedra cinnamomea Rothschild, 1918. Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 9-16, 23-28. Synonym of Euphaedra castanea Berger, 1981. Ackery et al., 1995: 403. Euphaedra cinnamomea Rothschild, 1918. Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 101 (1-117).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kongour Forest, Manyema, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kongour Forest, Manyema (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) olivacea Grünberg, 1908 Olive Forester

Euphaedra preussi var. olivacea Grünberg, 1908. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908: 54 (50-62).

Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda (central and west). Specific localities: Uganda – Mawakota (Talbot, 1929). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

sordida Talbot, 1929 in Eltringham et al., 1929 (as ssp. of Euphaedra preussi). Transactions of the 107 Entomological Society of London 77: 484 (475-504). Uganda: “Mawakota”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) paradoxa Neave, 1904

Euphaedra paradoxa Neave, 1904. Novitates Zoologicae 11: 333 (323-363).

Type locality: Kenya: “Ugaia, South Kavirondo”. Distribution: Uganda (including Ukerewe Island), Kenya (south-west – shores of Lake Victoria), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Uganda – Ukerewe Island (Ackery et al., 1995). Kenya – Ugaia, South Kavirondo (TL); Suna, South Kavirondo (van Someren, 1935); Mara (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Moro River, Kasowa (Rothschild, 1918); Geita, near Mwanza (Stoneham, 1956). Habitat: Dense lowland forest. Most of the forest in its range has been cut down (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Blighia sp. (Sapindaceae) [I. Mullin, vide Larsen, 1991c: 311; oviposition only]. Lecaniodiscus sp. (Sapindaceae) [Collins, in CRG database, 2016].

difficilis Rothschild, 1918 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 (338-345). [Tanzania]: “Mori River, Kosowa”.

preussoides van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 78 (59-89). Kenya: “Suna, South Kavirondo”.

rufescens van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 79 (59-89). Kenya: “Suna, South Kavirondo”.

vansomereni van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 79 (59-89). Kenya: “Suna, South Kavirondo”.

comixta van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 80 (59-89). Kenya: “Suna, South Kavirondo”.

featheri van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 80 (59-89). Kenya: “Suna, South Kavirondo”.

zukumaensis Stoneham, 1956 (as ssp. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [2] ([3 pp.]). [Tanzania]: “Geita, near Mwanza, Northern Tanganyika Territory”.

Eleus species-group

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eleus (Drury, 1782) Eleus Orange Forester

Papilio eleus Drury, 1782. Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 14 (76 pp.). London.

108

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female (Wingspan 86 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Bugoma Forest, Uganda. 6 June 2010. P. Ward. Images M. C. Williams ex P. Ward collection.

109

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 7 March 2010. P. Ward. Images M. C. Williams ex P. Ward collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Mainly in primary forest, but also in secondary forest with a closed canopy (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: In West Africa it is scarce in the west of its range but common in the east (Larsen, 2005a). It mimics the day-flying geometrid moth Aletis helcita (Hübner) but its flight pattern does not match that of the model as well as those of Euphaedra eusemoides or Euphaedra perseis (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Deinbollia species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Paullinia species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Phialodiscus unijugatus Radikofer].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eleus eleus (Drury, 1782)

Papilio eleus Drury, 1782. Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 14 (76 pp.). London.

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

110

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female (Wingspan 86 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Bugoma Forest, Uganda. 6 June 2010. P. Ward. Images M. C. Williams ex P. Ward collection.

Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 7 March 2010. P. Ward. Images M. C. Williams ex P. Ward collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo,

111 Angola (north), Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Kagoro Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Probably throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eleus gigas Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra eleus gigas Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 (126-128).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, Shaba (Katanga), Lulua, Kapanga, V.1934, (G. Overlaet).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) simplex Hecq, 1978 Simple Orange Forester

Euphaedra simplex Hecq, 1978. Lambillionea 78: 62 (60-64). See also Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 79: 78 (76-80).

Euphaedra simplex. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 74mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11°15S'; 24°18E'. 1500 m. 4.IV.1998. E. Townsend. (Newport Collection).

112

Euphaedra simplex. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 74mm. N.W. Zambia, Mwinilunga, Nzombu River. 4-VIII-1991. R. White (Leg.). (Newport Collection).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Paulis”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Equatorial Guinea – Rebola, Bioko (Martin, 2015). Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School, Ikelenge (male illustrated above); Nzombu River, Mwinilunga (female illustrated above). Habitat: Primary forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly rare species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) hybrida Hecq, 1978

Euphaedra hybrida Hecq, 1978. Lambillionea 78: 62 (60-64).

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda (Vande weghe, 2010). Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

hybridus Aurivillius, 1899 in Aurivillius, 1898-9 (as ab. of Euphaedra eleus). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 186 (1-561). No locality given. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/e).

113 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alacris Hecq, 1978 Rapid Forester

Euphaedra alacris. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra alacris Hecq, 1978 and Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 78: 63 (60-64) and Lambillionea 79: 79 (76-80).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Paulis”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (west). Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis (TL). Uganda – Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpub., 2014); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Tanzania – Kioma District (Kielland, 1990d); Ntakatta Forest, Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Luntampa Forest, Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Dense forest. In Tanzania it occurs at altitudes from 800 to 1 500 m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: ? Sapindaceae [Kielland, 1990d: 119].

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rattrayi Sharpe, 1904 Rattray’s Forester

Euphaedra rattrayi Sharpe, 1904. Entomologist 37: 182 (181-183).

114 Euphaedra rattrayi coeruleomaculata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 6 Octobr 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Euphaedra rattrayi coeruleomaculata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 6 Octobr 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: Uganda: “Toro”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania? Habitat: Dense forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rattrayi rattrayi Sharpe, 1904

Euphaedra rattrayi Sharpe, 1904. Entomologist 37: 182 (181-183).

Type locality: Uganda: “Toro”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Uganda (west – Ruwenzori massif), Tanzania? Specific localities: Uganda – Toro (TL); Bwamba (Stoneham, 1956); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).. Democratic Republic of Congo – Ndibili (Stoneham, 1956).

bwambaensis Stoneham, 1956 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [2] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: “Bwamba, W. Uganda”; [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ndibili, E. Congo”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rattrayi coeruleomaculata Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra rattrayi coeruleomaculata Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 202 (195-202).

115

Euphaedra rattrayi coeruleomaculata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 6 Octobr 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Euphaedra rattrayi coeruleomaculata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 6 Octobr 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: Kenya: “Malawa Forest, Kabras”. Distribution: Kenya (west – Kakamega district). Specific localities: Kenya – Malawa Forest, Kabras (TL); Kakamega Forest (Stoneham, 1956).

nigroextensa Stoneham, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [2] ([3 pp.]). [Kenya]: “Malawa Forest, Kabras”.

coeruleomaculata Stoneham, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [2] ([3 pp.]). [Kenya]: “Malawa Forest, Kabras”.

orientis Stoneham, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [3] ([3 pp.]). [Kenya]: “Malawa Forest, Kabras”.

subreducta Stoneham, 1956 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [3] ([3 pp.]). Kenya: “Kakamega, Kenya Colony”.

coerulefacies Stoneham, 1956 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [3] ([3 pp.]). Kenya: “Kakamega, Kenya Colony”.

116 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alternus van Someren, 1935

Euphaedra eleus alternus van Someren, 1935. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 81 (59-89). Synonym of Euphaedra rattrayi Sharpe, 1904. Ackery et al., 1995: 413. Euphaedra alternus van Someren, 1935. Hecq, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (3): 390).

Euphaedra alternus. Male (Wingspan 64 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Mabira Forest, Kyagive, Mulange”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mabira Forest (TL); Kyagive (Talbot, 1929); Mulange (Talbot, 1929). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

latifasciata Talbot, 1929 in Eltringham et al., 1929 (as ssp. of Euphaedra eleus). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 485 (475-504). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Mabira Forest, Kyagive, Mulange”. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Euphaedra preussi var. latifasciata Holland, 1920 [Nymphalidae]. Hecq, 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (3): 390) regards latifasciata Talbot to be a good species but was apparently unaware that the name is invalid. The name alternus van Someren is available and is used here ? Check original publication.

alternus van Someren, 1935 (as replacement name for Euphaedra eleus latifascia Talbot). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 81 (59-89).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) neumanni Rothschild, 1902

Euphaedra neumanni Rothschild, 1902. Novitates Zoologicae 9: 596 (595-598).

Type locality: [Ethiopia]: “Scheko”. Distribution: Sudan (south), Ethiopia (south-west). Specific localities: Ethiopia – Scheko (TL); Youbdou (Ungemach, 1932); Didessa River (Gabriel, 1949). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

perochrata Ungemach, 1932 (as ssp. of Euphaedra preussi). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles

117 (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 56 (1-122). [Ethiopia]: “Youbdo”.

attenuata Gabriel, 1949 (as ssp. of Euphaedra cooksoni). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 18: 209 (207-216). [Ethiopia]: “Didessa River, 4000 ft”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) katangensis Talbot, 1927

Euphaedra cooksoni katangensis Talbot, 1927. Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 268 (267-270). Euphaedra katangensis Talbot, 1927. Heath et al., 2002: 69 (on the opinion of Hecq). Euphaedra katangensis Talbot, 1927. Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona

Euphaedra katangensis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 72mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11°15S'; 24°18E'. 1500 m. 4.IV.1998. E. Townsend. (Newport Collection).

Euphaedra katangensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 90mm. Zambia, N.W. Province, Hillwood Farm, 11°15S'; 24°18E'. 1500 m. 31.III.1998. E. Townsend. (Newport Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Katanga, Lengi; Kafakumba; Kinda; Elizabethville; Sandoa”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lengi, Katanga (TL); Kafakumba (Talbot, 1927); Kinda (Talbot, 1927); Elizabethville (Talbot, 1927); Sandoa (Talbot, 1927). 118 Zambia – Sakeji School, Ikelenge (male illustrated above); Hillwood Farm, Ikelenge (female illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Treated as a good species by Heath et al. (2002: 69) on the opinion of Hecq but not formally removed from synonymy with Euphaedra cooksoni. Raised to species level by Hecq (2012: 14).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subferruginea Guillaumin, 1976

Euphaedra zampa subferruginea Guillaumin, 1976. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 81: 118 (112-125).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bangui”; Democratic Republic of Congo: “Oubangui-Chari”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bangui (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ubangi-Chari (Guillaumin, 1976). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: D’Abrera, 2004 (in Errata, 2005) considers E. subferruginea Guillaumin, 1976 to be a junior synonym of E. ferruginea Staudinger, [1886] but makes no valid taxonomic change.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) asteria Hecq, 1993

Euphaedra asteria Hecq, 1993. Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 454 (450-454).

Type locality: Congo: “Moyen Congo, Fort Rousset, V.1962, T.H.E. Jackson.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Congo. Specific localities: Congo – Fort Rousset (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) coprates (Druce, 1875)

Romaleosoma coprates Druce, 1875. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875: 411 (406-417).

Type locality: Angola. Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai (Neustetter, 1916). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Allophyllus species (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Phialodiscus species (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318].

moderata Neustetter, 1916 (as ab. of Euphaedra eleus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 101

119 (95-108). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassai”.

congoensis Schmidt, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus eleus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 35: 46 (32-51). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassai, Belg. Kongo”.

angustimarginata Schmidt, 1921 (as ssp. or f. of Euphaedra eleus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 35: 44 (32-51). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kongo-Gebiet”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) amieti Hecq, 1993

Euphaedra amieti. Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euphaedra amieti Hecq, 1993. Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 452 (450-454).

Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, Béla 9-12.II.1989, J.-L. Amiet.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bela (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sangbae Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra sangbae Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 (126-128).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Rép. Centrafricaine, Réserve de la Sangba, X.1993. (J. Peeters).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Central African Republic (north). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Sangba Nature Reserve (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

120 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) zampa (Westwood, [1850]) Green Orange Forester

Romalaeosoma [sic] zampa Westwood, [1850] in Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 284 (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Kambui Hills (Belcastro, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Primary wet forest in good condition, especially where there is little undergrowth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species with rather retiring habits, but which does come to fruit baits. The flight is powerful and it is a very wary insect (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ferruginea Staudinger, [1886] Ferruginous Orange Forester

Euphaedra zampa var. ferruginea Staudinger, [1886] in Staudinger & Schatz, [1884-8]. Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 149 (333 pp.). Bayern.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Alt-Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Specific localities: Nigeria – Calabar (TL); Mbe Mountains, Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a; sight record). Cameroon – Dengdeng (Gaede, 1916); Makak Station (Birket-Smith, 1960). Gabon – Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

occidentalis Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra eleus). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun”. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra zampa (Westwood, 1850) in Ackery et al., 1995 but considered to (possibly) be a synonym of Euphaedra ferruginea Staudinger, 1886 by Larsen, 2005a: 433.

erasmus Birket-Smith, 1960 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 22: 946 (521-554, 924-983, 1259-1284). Cameroon: “Above the undergrowth in the primary forest at the river Nyong just south of Makak station, French Cameroons”. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra ferruginea Staudinger, 1886 by Larsen, 2005a: 433.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ochracea Hecq, 1980

Euphaedra ochracea Hecq, 1978. Lambillionea 78: 62 (60-64). See also Hecq, 1980. Lambillionea 79: 76 (76-80).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Sankuru, north-east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Sankuru (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. 121 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) variabilis Guillaumin, 1976

Euphaedra zampa variabilis Guillaumin, 1976. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 81: 119 (112-125).

Type locality: Gabon: “Ipassa, Makokou”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) variabilis variabilis Guillaumin, 1976

Euphaedra zampa variabilis Guillaumin, 1976. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 81: 119 (112-125).

Type locality: Gabon: “Ipassa, Makokou”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Specific localities: Gabon – Ipassa, Makokou (TL); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Sankuru (Oremans, 2014); Cuvette (Oremans, 2014).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) variabilis aequatorialis Oremans, 2014

Euphaedra variabilis aequatorialis Oremans, 2014. Saturnafrica 17: 31 (31-33).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Bobeta, Lukolela, Equateur Province, 5 Jan 2008. Holotype (male) in the collection of P. Oremans. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Bobeta, Lukolela (TL); Mbandaka (Oremans, 2014); Kuluboku (Oremans, 2014); Katako Kombe (Oremans, 2014).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) semipreussiana Hecq, 1993 Korup Orange Forester

Euphaedra eleus f. semipreussiana Wichgraf, 1914. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung 1914: 350 (345-353). Synonym of Euphaedra zampa (Westwood, 1850). Ackery et al., 1995: 416. Euphaedra semipreussiana Hecq, 1993. Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 451 (450-454).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 122

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) bouyeri Hecq, 1993

Euphaedra bouyeri Hecq, 1993. Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 454 (450-454).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Londji, 7.III.1992, Th Bouyer.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Londji (TL). Gabon – Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) cooksoni Druce, 1905

Euphaedra cooksoni Druce, 1905. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 16: 550 (549-551).

Euphaedra cooksoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 78mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11°15'S; 24°18'E. 1500 m. 2-V-1998. E. Townsend. (Newport Collection).

Euphaedra cooksoni. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 95mm. Zambia, N.W. Province, Isombu R. 1500 m. 8-IX-1998. F.M. Kayombo. (Newport Collection).

123

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo] not Zambia (see Cookson, 1954): “N.E. Rhodesia”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Tanzania, Zambia. Specific localities: Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School, Ikelenge (male illustrated above); Isombu River (female illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) nigrobasalis Joicey & Talbot, 1921

Euphaedra eleus nigrobasalis Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 67 (40-166).

Euphaedra nigrobasalis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 69mm. Zilo, Katanga. 15 June 69. Dr V. Allard. (Henning collection – H245).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Panda River, Lufira Valley, S.E. Congo”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (north). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Panda River, Lufira Valley (TL); Zilo, Katanga (male illustrated above). Zambia – Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Mpongwe (Heath et al., 2002); Lunzua Falls, Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Primary forest (Heath et al., 2002). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) upemba Overlaet, 1955

Euphaedra coprates upemba Overlaet, 1955. Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 40 (1-106). Synonym of Euphaedra nigrobasalis Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Ackery et al., 1995: 411. Euphaedra nigrobasalis upemba Overlaet, 1955. Hecq, 1997: 110. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) upemba Overlaet, 1955. Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Mubale”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mubale (TL). 124 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing publiahed

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceramica Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra nigrobasalis ceramica Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 202 (195-202). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceramica Hecq, 1991. Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona

Type locality: Malawi: “Chinteche, Chisasira Ft. 2.000 ft.”. Distribution: Malawi. Specific localities: Malawi – Chisasira Ft., Chinteche (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) confina Hecq, 1992

Euphaedra confina Hecq, 1992. Lambillionea 92 (3): 227, 228 (227-228).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Nyakanazi, Biharamulo Distr., 1200 m”. Diagnosis: Differs from Euphaedra castanoides in being darker, from Euphaedra nigrobasalis in having the forewing cell entirely red, and from Euphaedra simplex in the forewing subapical band being wider. The hindwing upperside differs from the other species in having the blue spots in the marginal black band placed nearer to the red disc (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Tanzania – near Nyakanazi, Biharamulo District (TL). Known only from the vicinity of the type locality (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Riparian forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) castanoides Hecq, 1985 Chestnut Orange Forester

Euphaedra castanoides Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 10 (7-15).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Tanzanie, W. lac. Tanganyika”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Ethiopia. Habitat: Forests. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies flies at altitudes from 300 to 1 500 m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: ? Sapindaceae [Kielland, 1990d: 119].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) castanoides castanoides Hecq, 1985

125 Euphaedra castanoides Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 10 (7-15).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Tanzanie, W. lac. Tanganyika”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Tanzania. Specific localities: Tanzania – Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe (Kielland, 1990d); Sanje (Kielland, 1990d); Kilombero Valley (Kielland, 1990d); Sali in Ulanga District (Kielland, 1990d); ?Tanga Region (Kielland, 1990d).

Note: Larsen (2005a) suggests that the populations in Cameroon might more properly belong to gashaka.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) castanoides deficiens Hecq, 1997

Euphaedra castanoides deficiens Hecq, 1997. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 111 (1-117).

Type locality: Ethiopia: West, Didessa River. Distribution: Ethiopia. Specific localities: Ethiopia – Didessa River (TL).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) gashaka Hecq, 1996

Euphaedra castanoides gashaka Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 (126-128). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) gashaka Hecq, 1996. Hecq, 2012: 13. Status bona

Type locality: Nigeria: “G.N. Park, Kpaa, X.1994 (D. Knoop).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (Mambilla Plateau). Specific localities: Nigeria – Gashaka-Gumpti National Park (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: It is possible that gashaka is a distinct species (Larsen, 2005a). Raised to species level by Hecq (2012: 13).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) orientalis Rothschild, 1898 Orange Forester

Euphaedra eleus orientalis Rothschild, 1898. Novitates Zoologicae 5: 97 (96-102). Euphaedra orientalis Rothschild, 1898. Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Euphaedra orientalis Rothschild, 1898. Pringle et al., 1994: 105.

Alternative common name: Fig Eater. Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Mikindani, German East Africa”. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (east), Malawi, Mozambique (north coast, to Beira), Zimbabwe (east). Specific localities: Kenya – Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mrima Hill (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Mikindani (TL); Geita, near Mwanza (Stoneham, 1956); Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Rift (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); North Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). 126 Mozambique – Amatongas (Pringle et al., 1994); Xiluvo (Cookson). Zimbabwe – Witchwood Valley (Barnes and Pennington; single record); Meikle’s Jungle in Mutare (Lannin; single record); Mount Selinda (Quirk; single record). Habitat: Dense forest. In Tanzania from near sea-level to altitudes of 1 000 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Both sexes are attracted by fermenting bananas and ripe wild figs on the forest floor. They sometimes emerge from dense forest to settle on the ground on forest paths or roads; if disturbed they immediately return to dark of the forest (Pringle et al., 1994). The wing pattern and colouring resembles some [probably toxic] day-flying moths (Larsen, 1991c). Flight period: Probably flies all year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Blighia unijugata Baker (syn. Phialodiscus unijugatus Radlk., syn. zambesiacus Bak.) (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Phoenix reclinata Jacq. (Arecaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 120].

nguruensis Stoneham, 1956 (as ssp. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [1] ([3 pp.]). [Tanzania]: “Geita, near Mwanza, northern Tanganyika Territory”.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) murphyi Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra murphyi Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (1): 28 (28-29).

Type locality: Malawi: “Chisasira ft, Chintechi L.”. Described from a single specimen. Distribution: Malawi. Specific localities: Malawi – Chisasira Ft., Chintechi L. (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) edwardsii (van der Hoeven, 1845) Edwards’ Forester

Perching males of Edwards’ Forester (Euphaedra edwardsii edwardsii). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Nymphalis (Aterica) edwardsii van der Hoeven, 1845. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 12: 251 (251- 256).

127 Type locality: [Guinea]: “kust van Guinea”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: A wide ecological tolerance, from wet forest to almost open country (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly, though not usually numerous (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Lecaniodiscus cupanoides Planch. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast].

Note: The eastern populations may represent an undescribed subspecies (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) edwardsii edwardsii (van der Hoeven, 1845)

Nymphalis (Aterica) edwardsii van der Hoeven, 1845. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 12: 251 (251- 256).

Type locality: [Guinea]: “kust van Guinea”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Ghana – Ashanti (Doubleday, 1948); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001). Cameroon – Korup (Lees, 1989). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996); Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpub., 2014).

pratinas Doubleday, 1848 in Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52] (as sp. of Romaleosoma). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 38 [1848], 284 [1850] (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. Ghana: “Ashanti”.

viridis Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Euphaedra edwardsi). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 111 (108-123). Togo.

clarus Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as ab. of Euphaedra edwardsi). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 189 (614 pp.). “Congo region”.

clarus d’Abrera, 1980 (as ssp. of Euphaedra edwardsi). Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 342 (593 pp.). Melbourne.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) edwardsii langoueensis Oremans, 2010

Euphaedra edwardsii langoueensis Oremans, 2010. Saturnafrica 6: 35 (33-37).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ruspina (Hewitson, [1865]) 128 Common Orange Forester

Common Orange Forester (Euphaedra ruspina). Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Romalaeosoma [sic] ruspina Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 35 (124 pp.). London.

Euphaedra ruspina. Male. Left – upperside; right –underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Ghana (Volta Region), Togo, Nigeria (south), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Probably throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded habitats (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species that mimics day-flying moths such as Aletis helcita (Geometridae), Phaegorista similis (Hypsidae), Heraclia poggei (Agaristidae), Weymeria athenae (Agaristidae) and Oethrodea papilionaris (Lasiocampidae) (Larsen, 2005a). Like its moth models ruspina has a slow, floating flight (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

129

magmamacula Oremans, 2010 (as ssp. of Euphaedra ruspina). Saturnafrica 6: 35 (33-37). Gabon. Downgraded to a form of E. ruspina by Oremans in 2014 (Saturnafrica 17: 33) nov. form.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) perseis (Drury, 1773) Perseis Mimic Forester

Papilio perseis Drury, 1773. Illustrations of Natural History 2: index et 37 (90 pp.). London.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon”. Distribution: Guinea (Conakry), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana (west). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species that is an excellent mimic of a day-flying moth (Xanthospilopteryx species according to Schultze) (Larsen, 2005a). Both the facies and the flight pattern are extraordinarily similar to that of its moth model. Both sexes are readily attracted to fallen fruit but even then they are very wary (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

pseudeleus Hall, 1935 (as ab. of Euphaedra perseis). Entomologist 68: 223 (221-227). Sierra Leone.

Harpalyce species-group

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce (Cramer, 1777) Common Blue-banded Forester

Perching males of the common Blue-banded Forester (Euphaedra harpalyce spatiosa). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Papilio harpalyce Cramer, 1777. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America 2: 78 (151 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht.

130

Euphaedra harpalyce harpalyce. Female (Wingspan 90 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “la côte d’or”; Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Hecq, 1997), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia. Records from Senegal are erroneous (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Lowland forest and riparian forest; also in secondary forest (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania the nominate subspecies is found at altitudes from 800 to 1 400 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A common species (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is strong, low down and often sustained (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes are strongly attracted to fermenting fruit (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 121]. Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Phialodiscus unijugatus Radikofer (= zambesiacus Baker)]. Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 121]. Lecaniodiscus cupanoides Planch. (Sapindaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318].

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce harpalyce (Cramer, 1777)

Papilio harpalyce Cramer, 1777. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America 2: 78 (151 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht.

131

Euphaedra harpalyce harpalyce. Female (Wingspan 90 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “la côte d’or”; Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Hecq, 1997), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001).

lakuma Butler, 1870 (as sp. of Romaleosoma). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1870: 123 (123-124). Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Treated as a valid subspecies by d’Abrera, 1980. Larsen (2005a) states that lakuma is just a form with a well developed yellow subapical band.

fasciata Staudinger, 1886 in Staudinger & Schatz, 1884-8 (as var. of Euphaedra harpalyce). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 150 (333 pp.). Bayern. ?

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce spatiosa (Mabille, 1876)

Romaleosoma spatiosa Mabille, 1876. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1: 278 (194-203, 274-281).

Euphaedra harpalyce spatiosa. Male (Wingspan 80 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June 2009. J. Dobson. 132 Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Angola: “Landana”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Bipindi (Bartel, 1905). Gabon – Practically throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Angola – Landana (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Tanzania – From Mpanda to Ugandan border (Kielland, 1990d).

impunctata Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra losinga). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 143 (129-152). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun (Bipindi, Urwaldweg)”.

saphirina Neustetter, 1927 (as ab. of Euphaedra spatiosa). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 15 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce vana Hecq, 1991

Euphaedra harpalyce (spatiosa) vana Hecq, 1991. Lambillionea 91 (3): 200 (195-202).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce serena Talbot, 1928

Euphaedra harpalyce serena Talbot, 1928. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 230 (229-231).

Euphaedra harpalyce serena. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 91mm. Hillwood Farm, Ikelenge, Zambia. 29 December, 1983. A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Katanga: Chibobe”.

133 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Chibobe, Katanga (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Nzombu River, Mwinilunga District (Heath et al., 2002); Hillwood Farm, Ikelenge (female illustrated above).

bipunctata Dufrane, 1933 (as ab. of Euphaedra spatiosa). Lambillionea 33: 165 (164-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congo Belge”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce sudanensis Talbot, 1929

Euphaedra harpalyce sudanensis Talbot, 1929. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 73 (72-77).

Type locality: Sudan: “S.E. Sudan, Imatong Mountains and Opare Forest, 8,000-10,000 feet”. Distribution: Sudan (south), Uganda (north). Specific localities: Sudan – Imatong Mountains (TL); Opare Forest (Talbot, 1929).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce evanescens Hecq, 1995

Euphaedra harpalyce evanescens Hecq, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 110 (106-110).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Gashaka National Park, Mayo Dim, 500 m, D. Knoop.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (Mambilla Plateau). Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Nigeria – Gashaka-Gumpti National Park (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce dowsetti Hecq, 1990

Euphaedra harpalyce dowsetti Hecq, 1990. Lambillionea 90 (3): 35 (35-36).

Type locality: Rwanda: “Forêt de Nyungwe”. Distribution: Rwanda. Specific localities: Rwanda – Nyungwe Forest (TL).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce comminuera Hecq, 1999

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eupalus (Fabricius, 1781) Western Blue-banded Forester

Papilio eupalus Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum 2: 54 (499 pp.). Hamburgi & Kilonii.

134

Euphaedra eupalus. Male (Wingspan 78 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: “Africa aequinoctiali”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo. Specific localities: Guinea – near Conakry (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Atewa Range (Aduse-Poku & Doko-Marfo, 2007); Biakpa Mountain Paradise (male illustrated above). Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Much scarcer than the closely-related Euphaedra harpalyce (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes come to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

erithonius Fabricius, 1787 (as sp. of Papilio). Mantissa Insectorum 2: 11 (382 pp.). Hafniae. “Africa”.

swanzyana Butler, 1868 (as sp. of Euryphene). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868: 222 (221-224). Ghana: “Gold Coast”.

135

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga (Hewitson, [1864]) Dark Brown Forester

Dark Brown Forester (Euphaedra losinga). Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Romalaeosoma [sic] losinga Hewitson, [1864] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 34 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: “Congo”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo. Records from west of Nigeria are erroneous (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Mainly forest in good condition but also in secondary growth with a closed canopy (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga losinga (Hewitson, [1864])

Romalaeosoma [sic] losinga Hewitson, [1864] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 34 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: “Congo”. Distribution: Nigeria, Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (central; north). Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (St Leger, 1989); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a).

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga wardi (Druce, 1874)

Romaleosoma wardi Druce, 1874. Cistula Entomologica 1: 286 (285-290).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (west).

136 Specific localities: Nigeria – Olokemeji (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Lagos area (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Equatorial Guinea – San Carlos, Bioko (Schultze, 1920).

johnstoni Butler, 1888 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 569 (567-574). Cameroon: “Cameroons and the Rio del Rey”.

janthina Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra wardi). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 744 (639-829). Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando-Po: San Carlos”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga limita Hecq, 1978

Euphaedra losinga limita Hecq, 1978. Lambillionea 78: 4 (2-5).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Lulua, Kapanga”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba, Kasai). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga, Lulua (TL); Bopoto (Hecq, 1978).

arcana Hecq, 1978 (as ssp. of Euphaedra losinga). Lambillionea 78: 5 (2-5). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Upper Congo, Bopoto”.

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga knoopi Hecq, 1988

Euphaedra losinga knoopi Hecq, 1988. Lambillionea 88: 144 (144-145).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Ilaro forest”. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Ilaro Forest (TL).

Note: Larsen (2005a: 435) considers subspecies knoopi Hecq, 1988 to be a synonym of subspecies wardi (Druce, 1874) but does not officially sink it.

No species-group assigned

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alava Hecq, 2000

Euphadra [sic] alava Hecq, 2000. Lambillionea 100 (3) (Tome I): 414 (413-414).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Guinée équatoriale, Anisoc, Nkin, 0 m, 19.V.83. D. Sanchez M. leg.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea. Known only from the holotype (male). Specific localities:

137 Equatorial Guinea – Anisoc, Nkin (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) thierrybaulini Oremans, 1999

Euphaedra thierrybaulini Oremans, 1999. Lambillionea 99: 606 (606-608).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Congo (ex-Zaïre), province du Bandundu, Environ de Kolokoso, VI-1998.” In coll. Ph. Oremans. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Bandundu, Kikwit, east Kasai). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kolokoso (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) dubreka Collins & Larsen, 2005 Guinea Themis Forester

Euphaedra dubreka Collins & Larsen, 2005. In: Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 554.

Euphaedra dubreka (x1.05). Left – male (holotype; Guinea) composite. Right – female (Guinea) composite. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Guinea: “Dubreka”. Holotype (male) July, 1999 (M. Mané leg., coll. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Distribution: Guinea (south-east), Sierra Leone (extreme west). Specific localities: Guinea – Dubreka (TL); Boncori (Larsen, 2005a); Ratoma (Larsen, 2005a); Mamou (Larsen, 2005a); Dalaba (Larsen, 2005a); Lelouma (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Karina, about 100 km NW of the Freetown Peninsula (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is the commonest species of the themis species group in the coastal forests of Guinea (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

138

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vandeweghei Hecq, 2004

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vandeweghei Hecq, 2004. Lambillionea 104 (1): 58 (58).

Type locality: Gabon: “. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) occulta Hecq, 1982

Euphaedra occulta Hecq, 1982. Lambillionea 82: 53 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53).

Type locality: “Cote de Guineé”. Distribution: Guinea. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Described from a single male; the only known specimen. Hecq (1997) regarded occulta to be “statut indéterminé”. Larsen (2005a) doubts that this is a valid taxon, the unique male possibly being an aberration of Euphaedra janetta.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lacteata Talbot, 1929

Euphaedra preussi f. lacteata Talbot, 1929. In Eltringham et al., 1929. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 484 (475-504). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lacteata Talbot, 1929. Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona

Type locality: Uganda: “Toro, E. (Brit.) side of Semliki Valley, Buamba Forest, the eastern edge of the Congo Forest. c. 3000 ft”. Distribution: Uganda. Specific localities: Uganda – Buamba Forest, Toro (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alboides Hecq, 1984

Euphaedra alboides Hecq, 1984. Lambillionea 84: 26 (9-16, 23-28).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba, Kafakumba”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba, Shaba (TL). Early stages: Nothing published.

139 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) citatus Oremans, 2015

Euphaedra citatus Oremans, 2015. Saturnafrica 22: 3 (3-5).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Province du Sud – Ubangi, Territoire de Budjala, Kworoko, 3 – XI – 2009, in coll. Ph. Oremans”. Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kworoko (TL); Kuma (Oremans, 2015). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) tchimbeleensis Oremans, 2008

Euphaedra tchimbeleensis Oremans, 2008. Saturnafrica 2: 5 (5-6).

Type locality: Gabon: “?”. Distribution: Gabon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rufobrunneus Stoneham, 1932

Euphaedra eleus f. rufobrunneus Stoneham, 1932. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [3] ([3 pp.]). Euphaedra rufobrunnea Stoneham, 1932. Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Malawa Forest, Kabras”. Distribution: Kenya. Specific localities: Kenya – Malawa Forest, Kabras (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) luafa Oremans, 1998

Euphaedra luafa Oremans, 1998. Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 39 (39-40).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kuluboku, Lukolela Yahuma, Mbandaka. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kuluboku (TL); Lukolela Yahuma (Oremans, 1998); Mbandaka (Oremans, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

140

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) temeraria Hecq, 2007

Euphaedra temeraria Hecq, 2007. Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 28 (22-28). Euphaedra temerraria Hecq, 2007. Vande weghe, 2010: 305 [misspelling of species name]

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea, Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kiomba (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridirupta Hecq, 2007

Euphaedra viridirupta Hecq, 2007. Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 22 (22-28).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) normalis Staudinger, 1891

Euphaedra aberrans var.? ab.? normalis Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 128 (61-157). Euphaedra normalis Staudinger, 1891. Hecq, 2007. Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 22 (22-28).

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leone”. Distribution: Sierra Leone. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eshu Pyrcz & Lorenc, 2011

Euphaedra (Euphydrana) eshu Pyrcz & Lorenc, 2011. In: Pyrcz et al., 2011. Genus (Wroclaw) 22 (4): 623 (621-638).

Type locality: Nigeria: near Omo Forest. Distribution: Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Omo Forest (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) yemalla Pyrcz & Lorenc, 2011

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) yemalla Pyrcz & Lorenc, 2011. In: Pyrcz et al., 2011. Genus (Wroclaw) 22 (4): 627 (621-638).

141 Type locality: Nigeria: “”. Known only from the female holotype (Safian et al., 2016). Distribution: Nigeria (west). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elegans Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elegans Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 14 (11-22).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) festiva Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) festiva Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Congo Republic: “”. Distribution: Congo Republic. Specific localities: Congo Republic – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fusca Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fusca Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 15 (11-22).

Type locality: Nigeria: “”. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) incognita Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) incognita Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 15 (11-22).

Type locality: ?: “”. Distribution: ?. Specific localities: ? – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published.

142 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) languens Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) languens Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lequeuxiana Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lequeuxiana Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Uganda: “”. Distribution: Uganda. Specific localities: Uganda – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) minima Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) minima Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obsolescens Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obsolescens Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Zambia: “”. Distribution: Zambia. Specific localities: Zambia – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

143 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obtura Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obtura Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) plena Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) plena Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Zambia: “”. Distribution: Zambia. Specific localities: Zambia – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) shaba Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) shaba Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sufflavus Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sufflavus Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22).

Type locality: Uganda: “”. Distribution: Uganda. Specific localities: Uganda – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elongata Hecq, 2002

Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elongata Hecq, 2002. ? 144

Type locality: ?: “”. Distribution: ? Specific localities: ? – (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Neophronia Hecq, 1985

Lambillionea 85: 7 (7-15). Type-species: Romaleosoma neophron Hopffer, by monotypy.

*Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron (Hopffer, 1855)# Gold-banded Forester

Gold-banded Forester (Euphaedra neophron). Left – Male (Lake Sibaya). Centre – Female (Manguzi Forest). Right – Female underside. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall.

Romaleosoma neophron Hopffer, 1855. Berichte über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 640 (639-643). Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Euphaedra neophron Hopffer. Swanepoel, 1953a. Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Pringle et al., 1994: 105.

145 Euphaedra neophron neophron. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May 2009. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Euphaedra neophron neophron. Female (Wingspan 70 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May 2009. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Type locality: Mozambique: “Mossambique”. Distribution: Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa. Habitat: Lowland to submontane forest and coastal bush. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies occurs from sea-level to 1 100m; subspecies kiellandi from 400 to 600 m; subspecies littoralis from 400 to 1 600 m (Kielland, 1990d); subspecies violaceae from 660 to 2 000 m (Cordeiro, 1995). Habits: A common species that flies in the shade, just above ground level, frequently perching on the ground with open wings. Occasionally it may perch on leaves up to a metre above ground level (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is fast and gliding, often down paths and roads through thick bush. Both sexes are attracted to fermenting bananas and fallen figs and have also been seen feeding from fermenting sugar cane stalks (Pringle et al., 1994). They do not normally enter baited traps suspended much above ground level (Turlin, vide Larsen, 1991c). Flight period: Most months of the year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages:

Van Someren, 1935: 60. “This species lays its eggs … in groups or singly, on either the upper or underside of the leaves; sometimes on the flowering stem. The eggs are creamy to yellow with a decided pearly lustre when fresh laid, but they turn greyish, then almost black just before the larva emerges. The egg stage lasts about seven days. In shape the egg is domed, ornamented with hexagonal facets which are depressed and between the facets are spines. When the larva emerges it is somewhat transparent, of a greyish colour with a black head and adorned with lateral branched spines which are clear and transparent and hardly noticeable. No dorsal ornamentation is present until the third moult when a pink band appears on segment 6 and a pink spot outlined in blue is apparent on segment 2. With each successive moult, the colour becomes more green. The mature larva is sage-green with darker green bands along the anterior and posterior edges of each segment and each has a dark central spot. There are two blackish spots on the dorsum of segment 2 on either side of the pink, and a long oval pinkish spot on segment 6. The lateral feathery spines are long, circa 10 mm, translucent greenish, and brownish at the tips with just a touch of blackish on the three pairs at the anal end. Each spine is adorned with numerous fine lateral spines, but the feathering is not so wide in this species as in E. spatiosa Mabille. The feathery spines of the first two segments are held in a forward position to cover the head; the lateral ones are contiguous and form a flat feathery border around the body, and lie in contact with the surface of the leaf on which the insect is resting. The usual position taken up is along the midrib of the leaf. The mature larva is 55 mm in length, including the spines. When ready to pupate, the larva turns translucent and indication of the dorsal marks vanishes. The larva curls ventrally after spinning a pad of silk to which it attaches its hind suctorial “legs”. It hangs suspended for roughly twelve hours before it actually pupates and the larval skin is shed. The skin is pushed off and closely compressed so that it eventually has the appearance of a feathery star. The pupa is characteristic of the group. The colour is pale translucent apple-green. The head is strongly bifid, the two projections are golden with 146 black tips. From the dorsal aspect the thorax and wing cases form a long wedge with slight projection at the “shoulders” of the wings, and from the edge of the wing cases the abdominal segments are sharply truncated toward the cremaster. The dorsal aspect of the abdominal segments up to the edge of the third segment rises abruptly to a peak, to be followed by a slight depression over the fourth and fifth segments, followed again by another rise which slopes to the cremaster. The dorsal ornamentation is as follows: a golden spot at the wing “shoulders”; two large golden spots outlined in black at midpoint between the head and the lateral angles; a heart-shaped golden spot at a point corresponding to the tip of the thorax; two large oval golden spots outlined with black at the angles of the wing and the abdomen, with a bluntly crescentic spot at the apex of the abdominal segments carrying a rounded projection on its concave edge; this is also golden and outlined with black. There is a further triangular golden mark at the centre of the dorsum of segment 7. The cremaster is stalked, with two rounded projections laterally on the last and penultimate segments. On the ventral aspect the only marks are blackish streaks on the midpoint of the wing cases. At the coast, the pupal stage lasts three weeks.”

Henning, S., 1984.

Migdoll, 1987.

Euphaedra neophron neophron egg (left) and larva (right). Images courtesy Steve Woodhall (left) and Bart Wursten (right).

Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Bampton, in Pringle et al., 1994: 105]. Deinbollia borbonica Scheff. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1935: 61]. Deinbollia kilimandsharica Taub. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1935: 61]. Deinbollia oblongifolia (E.Mey. ex Arn.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) [Pringle et al., 1994: 105]. Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Baker (Sapindaceae) [Paré, in Pringle et al., 1994: 105]. Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (Sapindaceae) [Kroon, 1999]. Paullinia species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Phialodiscus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Trichoscypha ulugurensis Mildbr. (Anacardiaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 68].

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron neophron (Hopffer, 1855)#

Romaleosoma neophron Hopffer, 1855. Berichte über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 640 (639-643). Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Euphaedra neophron Hopffer. Swanepoel, 1953a. Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Euphaedra neophron neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Pringle et al., 1994: 105.

147

Euphaedra neophron neophron. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May 2009. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Euphaedra neophron neophron. Female (Wingspan 70 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May 2009. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Type locality: Mozambique: “Mossambique”. Distribution: Tanzania (south-east), Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east), South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal). Specific localities: Tanzania – Rondo Plateau near Lindi (Kielland, 1990d); Songea (Madaba) (Kielland, 1990d); Tukuyu (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Rift (Kielland, 1990d); Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Kitonga Gorge (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi – Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia – Lower Luangwa Valley (Heath et al., 2002); mid Zambezi Valley (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique – Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mecula [-12.0772 37.6297] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Zimbabwe – Mutare (Pringle et al., 1994); Sabi Valley (Pringle et al., 1994); Mana Pools (Hancock); Mucharara River, below Kariba town (Paré); Mount Selinda (male illustrated above). KwaZulu-Natal – St Lucia Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); False Bay (Swanepeol, 1953); Dhlinza Forest, Eshowe (Pringle et al., 1994); Dukuduku Forest (Engelbrecht); Emanguzi (Pringle et al., 1994); Sodwana Bay (Pringle et al., 1994); Lake Sibaya (Pringle et al., 1994); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle et al., 1994); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Ndumo Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002).

zambesia Felder & Felder, 1867 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7] (as sp. of Romalaeosoma [sic]). Reise der

148 Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 430 (549 pp.). Wien. “Africa Meridionalis: Zambesi”.

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron littoralis Talbot, 1929

Euphaedra neophron littoralis Talbot, 1929 in Eltringham et al., 1929. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 486 (475-504).

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Rabai”. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings violet-blue; forewing subapical orange band broad; apical patch ochre (male) or whitish (female); hind wing with pale, more or less pronounced, postdiscal markings (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (north-east). Specific localities: Kenya – Rabai (TL); coastal forests (Larsen, 1991c); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Sagala (Larsen, 1991c); Gedi Ruins (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); South Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Semdoe Forest Reserve (Doggart et al., 2001).

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron violaceae (Butler, 1888)

Euryphene violaceae Butler, 1888. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888: 91 (91-98).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Slopes of Kilima-njaro, 3000-5000 feet”. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings brownish-violet; distal margin of forewing and large apical patch are brownish ochre (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Kenya (south), Tanzania (north). Specific localities: Kenya – Taveta area (Larsen, 1991c); Kasigau (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Mount Kilimanjaro (TL); Mount Meru (Kielland, 1990d); North Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Rau Groundwater Forest Reserve, Moshi (Cordeiro, 1995); Kahe Forest Reserve (Cordeiro, 1995).

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron kiellandi Hecq, 1985

Euphaedra neophron kiellandi Hecq, 1985. Lambillionea 85: 8 (7-15).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Tanzanie, Ifakara, Musagabi”. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings with a brownish-violet colour, as in subspecies violaceae but forewing band much broader (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (south). Specific localities: Tanzania – Musagabi, Ifakara (TL); Masagati Forest, south of Ifakara (Kielland, 1990d).

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron rydoni Howarth, 1969

Euphaedra neophron rydoni Howarth, 1969. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 151 (141-156).

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Euphaedra neophron rydoni. Male (Wingspan 58 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Jozani Forest, Zanzibar, Tanzania. 3 January 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Pemba Island”. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings in both sexes violet, with a blotchy appearance (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (Pemba Island). Specific localities: Tanzania – Pemba Island (TL); Ngezi Forest on Pemba Island (Kielland, 1990d).

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron ellenbecki Pagenstrecher, 1902

Euphaedra ellenbecki Pagenstecher, 1902. Jahrbuch des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 55: 147 (113-204).

Type locality: Somalia: “Umfudu; Evar”. Diagnosis: The ground colour differs from all the other subspecies of this taxon in that it is golden brown, with no hint of blue or violet (Larsen, 1991c). Distribution: Somalia (south), Kenya (northern coast, and lower reaches of Tana, Juba and Webi Shebeli rivers). Specific localities: Somalia – Umfudu (TL); Evar (Pagenstecher, 1902). Kenya – Garissa (Larsen, 1991c); Garsen (Larsen, 1991c); Witu (Larsen, 1991c).

Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron meruensis van Someren, 1935

Euphaedra neophron meruensis van Someren, 1935. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 63 (59- 89).

Type locality: Kenya: “Meru Forest”. Distribution: Kenya (up to 1800 m on eastern and southern slopes of Mount Kenya). Specific localities: Kenya – Meru Forest, Mount Kenya (TL).

NB – The following taxa are included in Ackery et al., 1995, or are newly described, but are not included/mentioned by Hecq in his 1997 monograph of the genus Euphaedra (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117.) 150

*Euphaedra annae Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra annae Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (2): 123 (119-124).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – ?. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra inanis Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra inanis Hecq, 2012. Lambillionea 112 (2): 123 (119-124).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – ?. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra aliciae Hecq, 2012

Euphaedra aliciae Hecq, 2012. Entomologia Africana 17 (2): 15 (15-16).

Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – ?. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra opulenta Hecq & Vande weghe, 2005

Euphaedra opulenta Hecq & Vande weghe, 2005. Lambillionea 105 (2) (Tome I): 239 (239-240).

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Euphaedra opulenta. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Gabon. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra cuypersiana Hecq, 2006

Euphaedra cuypersiana Hecq, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 306 (306-307).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “?”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra limbourgi Oremans, 2006

Euphaedra limbourgi. Male underside. Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

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Euphaedra limbourgi Oremans, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 256 (256-258).

Type locality: Gabon: “?”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra abri Faravel, 2005

Euphaedra abri Faravel, 2005. Entomologia Africana 10 (1): 8 (8-10).

Type locality: Gabon: Crystal Mountains. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Crystal Mountains (TL); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra castanea Berger, 1981

Euphaedra castanea Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 157 (543 pp.). Bruxelles.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Lualaba (Kafakumba)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Lualaba, Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba, Lualaba (TL); Kongour Forest, Manyema (Rothschild, 1918). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

castanea Rothschild, 1918 (as f. of Euphaedra preussi). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 (338-345). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kongour Forest, Manyema, Congo Free State”.

*Euphaedra desmeti Hecq, 2008

Euphaedra desmeti Hecq, 2008. Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 109 (109-110).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

153 *Euphaedra ipassa Vande weghe, 2009

Euphaedra ipassa Vande weghe, 2009. Entomologia Africana 14 (2) (Supplement): 19 (1-24).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Habits: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra ivindoensis Oremans, 2010

Euphaedra ivindoensis Oremans, 2010. Saturnafrica 6: 34 (33-37).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra kangweensis Oremans, 2010

Euphaedra kangweensis Oremans, 2010. Saturnafrica 6: 33 (33-37).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Male illustrated by Oremans in Saturnafrica 17: 31 (2014). Distribution: Gabon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra mambili Hecq, 2001 Mambili Forester

Euphaedra mambili Hecq, 2001. Lambillionea 101 (2) (Tome I): 225 (225-226).

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Euphaedra mambili. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo, Gabon. 18 June 2016. P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex P. Ward collection.

Type locality: Congo: “Etoumbi”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Mamu Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Massouna 2000 (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Congo – Mambili Forest, Etoumbi (TL). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra sabinae Faravel, 2002

Euphaedra sabinae Faravel, 2002. Entomologia Africana 7 (2): 15 (15-17).

Type locality: Gabon. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kitomba, Crystal Mountains (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra vulnerata Schultze, 1916

Euphaedra vulnerata Schultze, 1916. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 81 (A.7.): 162 (159-167).

Type locality: Cameroon: “bei Bakuni und bei Tawo”. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Specific localities: Cameroon – Bakuni (TL); Tawo (Schultze, 1916). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euphaedra wissmanni Niepelt, 1906

Euphaedra wissmanni Niepelt, 1906. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M.. 20: 25 (25).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassaifluss, Kongostaat”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai River (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

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