The GESEM Transformation Into Design and Innovation Center Feasibility It is carried out with the financial support provided by Karacadağ Development Agency within the scope of 2018 Feasibility Support.. Contract No: TRC2/18/FD/0038

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A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Şanlıurfa and , UNESCO World Heritage Listed Göbeklitepe and the Şanlıurfa historical city center -which is right now in the temporary Cultural Heritage list-have had a long history of significant positions as the world’s production and trade hubs. Following the industrial revolution, factories replaced crafts bazaars as the demand for hand-made goods decreased day by day. However, it is important to note that crafts are not just a production method, but a foundation, as well as a transition of cultural evolution and development. The traditional crafts are skills that began with the adventure of human’s creativity, where the standardization of their execution is largely based on passed knowledge, are functional and anonymous in character, while containing their own set of rules, as well as a magnificent oral culture with the specific relationship between master and apprentice. The aim of these labor based, high proficiency and experience skills that are transferred via tacit knowledge is to serve the society in various ways. Urbanization, industrialization, social change and globalization threaten the space that allows traditional crafts to thrive in. They are less and less in demand in response to a need. In Şanlıurfa, with the development of the tourism sector and the introduction of Far East mass-produced goods into the market, the crafts had a devastating effect. In this regard, the Project will aim to increase the socio-economic contribution of the locally produced, hand-crafted goods with an added value of design and innovation. The geographical sign system will help protect these goods and ensure quality standardization. Specifically, it is aimed to turn a 19th century heritage structure inside Şanlıurfa historical center, of 1.368,52 square meters, surrounded by 18., 19th and 20th streets, under ŞURKAV’s remit, into Design and Innovation Center. By doing this, the target is to create unity and infrastructure of crafts and design and increase compatibility of Şanlıurfa in tourism, design and innovation The Design and Innovation Center will both create the continuity of traditional crafts and will give a unique experience to the visitors, via the combination of design and crafts. Based on the financial analysis, the budget needed for this structure is an additional 2 Million TL. The reimbursement of this investment is largely based on the sale volume of the products. According to the financial analysis, the return of this investment will take 9 years. The aim of this report is to enlighten the relevant administrative bodies and to transform GESEM into a Design and Innovation center based on the feasibility study.

3 CONTENT TABLES A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 B. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 C. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TOURISM INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT OF ŞANLIURFA 7 D. ŞANLIURFA TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS ...... 33 E. DEMAND ANALYSIS ...... 37 F. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 39 1. Capacity Analysis and Selection ...... 42 2. Analysis of Alternative Technologies and Selection of Technology ...... 43 3. Environmental Impacts, Protection Measures, and Costs of Selected Technology ...... 44 4. Technical Design ...... 44 5. Investment Costs ...... 44 G. PROJECT INPUTS ...... 45 H. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 55 İ. REGIONAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ...... 57 1. Regional Benefits ...... 57 2. Social and Cultural Benefits...... 57 3. Ensuring the continuity of crafts that are about to disappear in Şanlıurfa to meet the needs and demands of the modern world by bringing design and innovation together, ...... 57 4. Ensuring the development of culture, design, creativity, and innovation in the region, ...... 57 5. Ensuring quality and production standardization in craft products and ensuring that regional products are protected against unfair competition, ...... 57 6. Developing the economic added value of crafts and developing the entrepreneurial infrastructure for women and young people in the region, ...... 57 7. Environmental Benefits ...... 57 J. RISK ANALYSIS ...... 58

4 A. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Report is wto turn a historical building (1,368,52 M2) possessing the characteristics of the 19th century architecture in Şanlıurfa historical city center, with plot number 62 and parcel number 5, surrounded by the 18th, 19th, and 20th streets, owned by ŞURKAV, into a Design and Innovation Center and to provide the craft-design unity and infrastructure in order to increase tourism, design and innovation competitiveness of Şanlıurfa. This feasibility study is a projection to guide public investors and to determine a future vision for the transformation of GESEM (Traditional Handicraft Center) into a design and innovation center within the structure of ŞURKAV. Investment Subject: Design and Innovation Center for 16 different crafts Physical / spatial / financial dimensions: A historical area of 1,368,52 M2 on the plot no. 62 and parcel no. 5 surrounded by the 18th, 19th, and 20th streets in Şanlıurfa historical city center with the characteristics of 19th century architecture has been determined as the project area. It is planned that a total of 16 different crafts will benefit from the area. It is envisaged that approximately 2 million TL will be spent for restoration, furnishing, equipment, training, and promotion activities to transform the area into a design and innovation center. Components of the Investment: The feasibility consists of the following components: 1. Establishment of Design and Innovation Workshops (restoration, furnishing, and equipment) 2. Technology and Digital Design Workshop 3. Jewelry Design Workshop 4. Textile and Weaving Design Workshop 5. Weaving 6. Rug 7. Felt 8. Printing 9. Ceramics and Stone Design Workshop 10. Urban Design Workshop 11. Glass Design Workshop 12. Design and Innovation Training and Workshops 13. Certification and Quality Standards System 14. Digital Sales and Marketing Location and Duration of Application: The investment is planned to be completed within 24 months, including restoration, furnishing, and training in a historical area of 1,368,52 M2 on plot 62 and parcel 5 surrounded by the 18th, 19th, and 20th streets in Atatürk Neighborhood, District, Şanlıurfa. The feasibility application period is 22 years including 2 years of preparation phase. The project life is assumed to be 20 years. Investment Incentive Issues: In case the Design and Innovation Center is established and received 500.000 TL or more funding, an Investment Incentive Certificate will be obtained. The certificate has the following advantages: 1. VAT Exemption (for Machinery and Equipment) 2. Customs Duty Exemption (For Machinery and Equipment) 3. Tax Reduction (Investment Contribution Rate 50%, Tax Discount Rate 90%) 4. Insurance Premium Employer Share Support (10 years) 5. Insurance Premium Employee Share Support (10 Years) 6. Income Tax Withholding Support (10 Years) 7. Interest Rate Reduction (7% for TL Loans and 2% for Foreign Currency Loans) Investment Amount An additional investment of TL 2 million was calculated for furnishing, design, equipment, and other requirements.

5 Main outputs of the project: 1. Ensuring the continuity of crafts 2. Bringing a culture of creativity and innovation to the region 3. Developing the entrepreneurship infrastructure in the region 4. Developing tourism products 5. Providing new market opportunities for local products produced in the region 6. Contributing to the reduction of unemployment in Şanlıurfa 7. Ensuring the certification and standardization of local craft products, 8. Updating local products to meet global and modern market needs. Project Target Group / Final Beneficiaries The target region of the project is Şanlıurfa.

Target Groups of the Project: There are many actors in the tourism sector in Şanlıurfa: Tourism Agencies and Tour Operators, Accommodation Facilities, Restaurants and Cafeterias, Transportation Providers, Souvenir shops, craftspeople, other manufacturers and service providers. Since 2002, the sector has achieved a significant increase until 2013, enabling new tourism investments to be realized. Regional Tourism has declined considerably due to the end of the Solution Process since 2013, the internal conflict environment in Syria and Iraq, and the increasing terrorist incidents. The first target group of the project is the craftspeople and their families who are directly interested in the tourism sector: Some of the crafts in the region were developed due to the increasing demand for tourism sector in the first place but they were left to disappear gradually with the entry of souvenir products of Far Eastern origin into the market. According to the Tourism Value Chain Analysis and Souvenir Focus Group Study prepared within the scope of the History Revives Project in Şanlıurfa, many crafts face extinction. Continuity of crafts is possible with innovative solutions such as promoting creativity and innovation, increasing entrepreneurship capacity, and using idle capacity in the region. The project is expected to contribute to lowering the unemployment rate thanks to the services provided by this center for the development of entrepreneurship with the establishment of a design and innovation center focused on entrepreneurship considering old bazaars, presentation of design to their crafts, increasing the competitiveness of the crafts, better integration with online platforms and marketing channels. By enabling the crafts to develop in line with the needs of the modern world, new young entrepreneurs will emerge, thus ensuring immediate action against risks and threats to economic and social life, such as youth unemployment and the disappearance of crafts in the Şanlıurfa region. The total target group of the project is 200 craftspeople and entrepreneurs. The second target group of the project is the visitors who buy Şanlıurfa craft products. This target group is targeted to be approximately 100,000 annually. The other target groups of the project are women (Target 100) who will participate in the production processes and the youth and children (Target 1000) to be made aware of cultural values. Final Beneficiaries of the Project: 1. People living in Şanlıurfa: Employment opportunities and income levels will increase with the introduction of value- added and design-based production. In this scope, the number of final beneficiaries is approximately 2 million. 2. Visitors to Şanlıurfa: There is no clear figure regarding the number of visitors to Şanlıurfa. Considering 1 million overnight visits by 670.000 visitors and that 65% of the visitors stayed overnight, it is calculated that there is a total of approximately 360.000 daily visitors. The total number of visitors is around 1 million people. 3. Design Products Consumers: The number of design products consumers and the virtual market consumption tend to increase day by day in . It is aimed to sell 20.000 products annually within two years after the center enters into service. Assuming that the buyer of each product is a different person, the total amount of consumers is planned to be 20,000, with about 85 employees and their families and about 23,765 people annually staying in this boutique hotel. The final beneficiaries of the project are the operators, their families and the people who visit Şanlıurfa (approximately 700.000). The objectives to be achieved within the scope of the Project are listed below.

6 4. It is aimed to increase the annual sales of craft products by 50% within 2 years after the project is commenced and to achieve an increase rate of 5% in the following years. The added value to be created within the scope of this target is expected to be 4.5 million TL annually (The average price of 85,600 product sales per year is targeted to be 56.25 TL) 5. The sales of modern Design products produced in Şanlıurfa will be realized within the scope of the project. Design products may be produced in other provinces, but will include elements that reflect the culture of Şanlıurfa. Sales of these products will not be widespread like that of craft products, but will have high added value. The annual sales of these products is targeted to be 28100 units and the average sales price is planned to be 60 TL. The added value of design products is targeted to be 1.69 million TL. 6. Opportunities will be provided for 7 new enterprises annually in the field of Craft and Design, and new producers will be introduced to the economy. A craftsperson is expected to create an added value of approximately 200,000 TL annually. The annual added value of 7 entrepreneurs is approximately 1.4 million TL. 7. Use of new sales channels for Craft and Design products: Products produced or designed in Şanlıurfa will be sold in e-commerce and design stores. In addition to the sales areas in , such as KEDV, MoMA, İKSV, and Istanbul Modern, sales will be made on domestic and international web sites. In addition to these channels, the commonly used social media (especially instagram) will be used as a marketing tool. 8. Visitors' experience and satisfaction will be improved by ensuring standard production and quality in craft products.

B. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TOURISM INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT OF ŞANLIURFA Şanlıurfa, which is located in the Central Section of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, is a frontier city bordered by in the east, Diyarbakır in the northeast, Adıyaman in the northwest, in the west, and Syrian territories in the south. Şanlıurfa has been a settlement, which many independent states and beyliks (principalities) were established on and various cultural formations united, due to its geographical features throughout history. The city is located in the center of GAP in the Southeastern Anatolia region. , one of the oldest settlements in , has been of strategic importance throughout its history due to its proximity to the rivers and its location at the intersection of trade routes. Urfa has been the most active and most important of the meeting points of east and west since ancient times. Being a node of the system of ancient and important roads connecting the Eastern and western worlds in terms of culture and trade has prepared the establishment of cities in whole region that have reached a bright level of civilization since a long time ago. According to archaeological findings, Şanlıurfa is home to the oldest cult center in the world and some of the oldest settlements. Every archaeological finding that has emerged throughout the province has also led to the rewriting of history, and Urfa is a city that is a source of history. Şanlıurfa history has been found to date back to the Paleolithic age. Many valuable artifacts from the age, Chalcolithic age and the first Bronze Age were recovered in the excavations. Through the known historical period of 11 thousand years, Urfa was under the rule of civilizations such as , Akkad, Sumerian, Babylonian, Hittite, Hurri-, Arami, Assyrian, Persian, Macedonian Roman and Byzantine, joined Seljuk lands in 1094. In 1098, it came under the administration of the Crusader County. It was included in the Ottoman borders in 1516 after Ayyubids, Mamelukes, Timurid State, Akkoyunlus, Dulkadir principality, and Safavids. Urfa, which was first located in Diyarbakır Province, was annexed to Province in 1876 and became an independent district (sanjak) in 1916. It was invaded by the British in 1919 and then by the French, and liberated from the occupation on April 11, 1920. With the proclamation of the Republic, it was brought to the provincial state in 1924. Şanlıurfa, a city whose history dates back 9,000 years ago, where İbrahim was born, Eyyüb lived and was blessed by , looks like a museum city. In the archaeological excavations, which started in Göbeklitepe, near Örencik Village located at 20 km east of Urfa in 1996 and will continue in the coming years, the world's first temple/cult site has been found. The findings were dated to found in the Neolithic Age (BC 10000). Accordingly, Urfa has a history of 12000 years at the present. “The Oldest Statue in the World”, carved over 11,500 years ago, unearthed at an archaeological excavation site near the Balıklıgöl (Pool of ), and now on display at the Archaeology Museum of Şanlıurfa; Göbeklitepe, which is the motherland of the first wheat and lentil crop, the beginning of the history of painting and architecture, which became an art branch by engraving the figures on stone and then transferring them to the canvas, and where the earliest domestication of animals occurred; and other similar sites, which are dated to the era of Göbeklitepe and still awaiting exploration, are the unique archaeological assets belonging only to Urfa. In cultural and faith tourism, Urfa is one of the most important cities in the world, where many prophets were born and bred as a historical city, where the faiths of religions from primitive ones through polytheist and the monotheist

7 ones were blended and united, and it is a frequented place by and a host to many prophets. Urfa is the location for the sultans of heart, with anbiya (prophets), awliya, saints, and holy people. Urfa is an important center with the dhikr being performed in Dergâh Mosque for centuries. According to information quoted from written and oral sources, Adam came here with Eve at some point in his life and settled in this region, and started farming history from there by sowing the first wheat on the Harran plain. Therefore, Urfa is the gene centre of cereals and legumes. According to the famous historian Abu-l Farac (Bar Hebraeus), Urfa was one of the first cities established after the Noah’s flood. İbrahim was born in Urfa, Isaac, the son of Abraham, came to Harran and married in accordance with his father's will. For , Urfa is one of the most important centers included in the Promised Land by İbrahim as well as the location where İbrahim , and Moses lived. For Christians, Urfa is a city blessed by Jesus. The “Holy Handkerchief and Shroud”, the most precious relic, belongs to Urfa. This precious work is exhibited in the Turin museum of Italy under the name "Holy Shroud of Urfa". Eyyup, a descendant of Abraham, arrived from Damascus and settled in the Eyyübnebi (Prophet ) District (Viranşehir). Job became a master of perseverance in suffering, and was buried in this District. Elisha (al-Yasa in ), who was travelling to see Job, died before meeting him, and was buried in the Eyyübnebi District. The ancient cities of Jethro (Shoaib in Arabic / Suayp in Turkish) and Urfa inherited the perseverance of Job. Moses, who had fled Egypt after killing an Egyptian, took sanctuary with Jethro. Moses lived as a shepherd and received his famous staff from Jethro before climbing Mount Sinai. Jesus Christ also sanctified this city, and sent one of his apostles, St. Jude Thaddeus to spread the Christianity in the region. So many religious leaders were born and bred in Urfa, and the region is so closely associated with the prophets, that the city has been called the “City of Prophets” or “Realm of Prophets” throughout its history. The ancient city of Harran, which is 44 km from the center of Urfa and dates to 7000 BC according to recent archaeological finds, has been recognized by the three major monotheistic religions as the motherland of Abraham. In its long past Harran was the home of principal Sin (the Semitic name ascribed to Nanna, the Moon Deity of the Sumerians) Sanctuary El khul khul (House of Joys), and served as the capital of the Babylonians, Assyrians, and of the Umayyad Dynasty. The city’s standing remains comprise an earthen mound, university, mosque, mud brick corbelled beehive-houses, 3-storey fortress, and city walls that run for 4km, strengthened with bastions and watchtowers. Besides its architectural heritage, the historical city of Harran was also a significant center of religion, culture, arts, philosophy and astrology. The works and translations of the scholars who grew up in Harran contributed significantly to the formation of European civilization. In this context, Harran is the Andalusia of the Mesopotamia and Anatolia. It was Jabir ibn Hayyan, the famous physicist from Harran, who first proposed idea of the divisibility of an atom. Algebra spread to the world from Harran. For its architectural, historical and cultural importance, Harran is included in the UNESCO Tentative List of World Heritage. The most important destinations in the Harran region are as follows: the Shepherd’s Caves (Coban Magaralari), Bazda Caves, Han al Barur Caravanserai, and the Jethro (Shoaib/Şuayp) Ancient City along the tourist route between Harran and Eyyübnebi; the Souk al-Matar (Sogmatar) Ancient City as an important cultural centre for people who used to worship stars, planets, moon and sun; the Well of Moses in the Souk al-Matar ancient city; and further on the route, the Fortress of Cimdin, the Palace of Maidens (Kızlar Sarayı), and the Eyyübnebi District which includes the tombs of Prophet Job, Rahme,(the nameless wife of Job in Christianity), and Prophet Elisha (Al-Yasa). Urfa was renowned for its Academy where Jewish, Christian and Sabian scholars studied between the 2nd and 5th centuries AD, and the Harran School which was famous as a centre of learning and sciences between the 6th and 13th centuries. Harran made its major contributions to the development of Western civilization by providing translations from and Syriac into Arabic and it is where the Syriac language, writing, and literature were born. On the merits of such rich heritage, it is also known as the “Culture Capital Urfa”. At the centre of modern Urfa, near the Lake of Khalil al-Rahman (Halil’ür-Rahman Gölü) is ancient City. Here, Roman era cave tombs and other structures are decorated by Syriak and Greek inscriptions, reliefs and floor mosaics. In the archaeological excavations performed at the Haleplibahçe (Alleppian Gardens) meeting the Khalil al-Rahman Lake and the Fortress of Urfa, a thirteen-room palace, the floor mosaics in all rooms within the palace, a row of villas along the banks of Daysan Stream, the floor mosaics at the floor of these villas, and a bathhouse with under-floor heating were unearthed. The Haleplibahçe Mosaics are believed to be from the 5th century AD. One of the mosaics depicts the hunting scene of the four Amazon queens. This is the “first example of mosaics depicting the warrior queens of the Amazon.” Urfa is the heart of Northern Mesopotamia, and is the gateway to Mesopotamia and the Middle East. It has the potential to maintain its past strategic importance into the future. Urfa, also known as Diyar-Mudar, Urha, Al Ruha and Reha in ancient times, took the title “Glorious” pursuant to the law no. 3020 published in the official gazette dated 12.06.1984 due to the heroism of the people against the French occupation during the war of independence and the end of the French occupation on April 11, 1920. And the name of province became "Şanlıurfa" (Glorious Urfa).

8 According to 2017 Turkstat Address-Based Population Registration System data, Şanlıurfa ranks Turkey's 9th most populous province with 1,985,753 people.

Şanlıurfa, despite its large population, is one of the provinces with a low population density and a relatively more rural population due to its area size. The most important reason for this is its economy based on large agricultural land and the agriculture-agriculture-based industry. The distribution of the population in Şanlıurfa by districts is given below. The population is concentrated in Eyyübiye, Haliliye, , Karaköprü and Viranşehir. The concentration of population density especially in the centre facilitates the provision of human resources necessary for tourism services.

Şanlıurfa is the second youngest province in Turkey (median age is 31.6 years in Turkey) with an average age of 19.6 years. The presence of a young population gives the capacity to create human resources for the tourism sector in the future. Below is a chart of population projection prepared for Şanlıurfa. According to this projection, Şanlıurfa is expected to be the 6th largest province in Turkey in 2023 and to have a population of 2,355,157 by 2025. 9 Şanlıurfa’s Population Projection for 2007-2025 2.500.000

2.000.000

1.500.000 2356704 2310534 2264364 2218194 2172023 2125853 2079683 2035809 1985753 1940627 1892320 1845667 1801980 1762075 1716254 1663371 1613737

1.000.000 1574224 1523099

500.000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Şanlıurfa hosts 456,246 Syrians in addition to the local population (in this regard, it is the second province in Turkey). This population, which accounts for approximately 19% of its current population, constitutes cultural diversity for Şanlıurfa and provides human resources if needed. Below is the distribution of the Syrian population in Turkey.

600000

500000

400000 560385 300000 456246 438335 406383

200000 227066 206974 158380 139684 125013 100000 101335

0 İSTANBUL ŞANLIURFA HATAY GAZİANTEP İZMİR KİLİS

Şanlıurfa's economy depends on agriculture, industry, and service sector. The products manufactured in the province are usually made up of low-tech consumption products. Due to the limited economic data on the provinces,

10 regional (Level2) data were also used in addition to provincial data. According to the socio-economic development index of the provinces conducted by the abolished Ministry of Development (2011), Şanlıurfa has been listed as a province in Grade 6 (provinces 50% below Turkey's Gross Added Value). This situation of the province makes it critical to develop a sector that produces added value and employment such as tourism. According to TURKSTAT 2017 data, the Services sector, including the tourism sector, received a share of 46% when the sectoral distribution of TRC2 Region employment was examined.

Distribution of Employment by Sectors

Agriculture 37% Tarım Services Sanayi 46% Hizmet

Industry 17%

According to TURKSTAT data, 2017 GDP per capita was USD 3,888 for Şanlıurfa, far behind Turkey (USD 10,602). In 2017, the Services sector accounts for 52% of Şanlıurfa’s GDP.

11 Sectoral Distribution of GDP in Şanlıurfa

Agriculture 26%

Services 52%

Industry 22%

The Tourism Context of Şanlıurfa has been discussed at international, national, regional and local levels in accordance with international developments in tourism and changes in the country, region and local region. The Master Plan is set up in this context in accordance with the following levels of planning:

Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023 / BGUS / 11. National Kalkınma Planı

GAP Turizm Master Planı/2014-2023 TRC2 Bölge Planı/ International Çevre Düzeni Planı

Sürdürülebilir Turizm Politikası ve Stratejik Eylem Provincial Çerçevesi

Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planları / Alan Site Yönetim Planları /İmar Planları

Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023/ BGUS/11. Kalkınma Planı: Turkey’s Tourism Strategy 2023 /BGUS/ 11th Development Plan GAP Turizm Master Planı/ 2014-2023 TRC 2 Bölge Planı/Çevre Düzeni Planı: GAP Tourism Master Plan/ 2014- 2023 TRC2 Regional Plan/ Environmental Plan Sürdürülebilir Turizm Politikası ve Stratejik Eylem Çerçevesi: Establishing Sustainable Tourism Policy and Strategic Action Framework Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planları/Alan Yönetim Planları/İmar Planları: Reconstruction Plans for Protect/ Site Management Plans/ Zoning Plans

12 According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) international travel continues to grow strongly, consolidating the tourism sector as a key driver in economic development. It is estimated that international tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) worldwide increased by 7 percent in 2017 to reach a total of 1,322 million. This is well above the sustained and consistent trend of 4 percent growth since 2010 and represents the strongest results in seven years. This strong momentum is expected to continue in 2018 at a rate of 4 to 5 percent. Led by Mediterranean destinations, Europe recorded very strong results for such a large and rather mature tourism region, with 8 percent more international arrivals than in 2016. Southern and Mediterranean Europe grew by 13 percent, with other parts of Europe also doing well: Western Europe was up 7 percent and Northern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe both grew by 5 percent.1 Travel for holidays, recreation and other forms of leisure accounted for just over half of all international tourist arrivals in 2016 (53 percent or 657 million). Some 13 percent of all international tourists reported travelling for business and professional purposes, and another 27 percent travelled for other reasons such as visiting friends and relatives (VFR), religious reasons and pilgrimages, health treatment, etc. The purpose of visit for the remaining 7 percent of arrivals was not specified. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), the direct contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) in 2015 was USD2,229.8 billion (3 percent of GDP). This is forecast to rise by 3.3 percent to USD2,304.0 billion in 2016.This primarily reflects the economic activity generated by industries such as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter services). But it also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries. The direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 4.2 percent p.a. to USD 3,469.1 billion (3.4 percent of GDP) by 2026.2 Turkey established itself as one of the leading tourism destinations in the Europe-Western Asia region through the 1990s and the early 21st century: 2014 was a record year with 36.8 million international visitors (including Turks living abroad). Turkey became the fourth most visited destination in Europe, after France, Spain and Italy. Over 32 million international tourists visited Turkey in 2017 representing an increase of 28 percent compared to 2016.3 Trends in international arrivals illustrated in Figure 2 indicate visitation to Turkey has seen an 83 percent increase since the 1990s. Figure 2. International tourist arrivals to Turkey 1990-2017

40 000 000

35 000 000

30 000 000

25 000 000

20 000 000

15 000 000

International Arrivals International 10 000 000

5 000 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 j Source: Ministry of Tourism and Culture Turkey’s tourism revenue in 2016 was USD 22.1 billion, down from USD 31.4 bn in 2015. Over 77 percent of the tourism revenue (excluding GSM roaming and marina service expenditures) was obtained from foreign visitors, 22.6 percent was obtained from citizens living abroad, according to data from the Turkish Statistics Institute (TÜİK).4 In 2016, tourism and travel accounted for almost half a million jobs in Turkey and 4.1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). By 2027 it is predicted that travel and tourism will account for almost 800,000 jobs.5 A recovery took place in 2017 with Russian visitor numbers surging. Other important sources of arrivals are Germany, Iran, Georgia and the United Kingdom. While some 83 percent of arrivals were foreigners (more than 32 13 million people), the remaining 17 percent were Turkish citizens living abroad, who are generally longer staying than other overseas visitors. In 2017, the number of departing visitors increased 23.1 percent compared to the previous year.6 The top five generating markets for overnights were Germany (22 million overnights in 20167 ), the United Kingdom (5.7 million), Ukraine (3.5 million), the Russian Federation (3.4 million) and the Netherlands (3.3 million)8. In 2017 Georgia also emerged as a leading source market. The Government’s Tenth Development Plan 2014-2018 targeted 48 million overseas tourists by 2018. In 2016 domestic tourism accounted for 605 million overnights in Turkey, generated from 68 million trips (an average of 8.9 overnights per trip). Total expenditure is estimated as TL 28 billion (USD 7 bn). 62.6 percent of visitors travel to visit relatives and 31.3 percent for leisure purposes. Domestic tourism is highly peaked, with 57.6 percent of trips taken in the third quarter of the year. Domestic tourists spend of average TL 410 (USD 103) per trip. The vast majority travel individually, not as part of packages.9 The Turkey’s Tourism Strategy 2023 prepared by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism aims to use our country's natural, cultural, historical and geographical assets in the balance of conservation and use and to increase the share of our country from tourism by developing tourism alternatives. The Turkey Tourism Strategy study proposes long-term strategies for Planning; Investment, Organization, Domestic Tourism, Research and Development (R&D), Strengthening of Service, Transportation and Infrastructure, Promotion and Marketing, Education and Training, Urban Branding, Diversification of Tourism, Rehabilitation of Existing Tourism Areas and Development of Destinations. At the urban level, Branding section includes cities that have become branded in tourism in our country and the works that need to be done under cultural tourism. In the sections related to developing Tourism Development Zones, Tourism Corridors, Tourism Cities and Ecotourism Zones, a thematic and guiding approach is exhibited. The Tourism Strategy of Turkey - 2023 outlines the following vision: With the adoption of a sustainable tourism approach the tourism and travel industry will be brought to a leading position for leveraging rates of employment and regional development, and it will be ensured that Turkey becomes a World brand in tourism, and a major destination in the list of top five countries receiving the highest number of tourists and the highest tourism revenues by 2023.10 Principles for vision are determined as follows: 1. Contributing to the sustainable development goal by eliminating development differences among regions; 2. Ensuring competition in tourism by creating branded tourism zones instead of cheap products; 3. Planning the existing tourism regions by reconsidering them in the perspective of sustainability and creating quality liveable environments; 4. Increasing the number of qualified tourists and tourism revenues; 5. Using tourism as a tool for strengthening the socio-economic positions of backward regions and especially disadvantaged groups; 6. Making the governance mechanisms functional by ensuring the central-local-civilian actors work together and are in cooperation in the decision-making processes in the tourism sector; 7. Improving the quality of the workforce with training on tourism and Implementing the certification system effectively in the sector; 8. Supporting extraordinary accommodation units where local architectural values are preserved and offered to tourism services. It is expected that in 2023, 63 million tourists, foreign tourism revenue of 86 billion USD and approximately 1,350 USD expenditure per tourist will be achieved if the studies to be carried out within the framework of the determined strategic approaches are completed, improved and the infrastructure and accommodation needs are met in the foreseen regions. Şanlıurfa has been considered within the scope of GAP Culture and Tourism Development Zone in the Turkey’s Tourism Strategy and it has been stated that many different types of tourism will be developed as well as cultural tourism in the region. In this context, Şanlıurfa is assessed among the Culture- and Tourism- Oriented Campuses. In the context of tourism with other regions, it has taken place in the Corridor of Faith and Gourmet Tourism, starting from Tarsus and continuing to Hatay, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa and Mardin. Mardin, Adıyaman, Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa are the cities selected for the purpose of creating Brand Cultural Cities in the same strategy document. It has taken place in the Ecotourism Development Oriented area provided that the north of Şanlıurfa interacts with Adıyaman-Kahta.

14 Conceptual Action Plan of Turkey’s Tourism Strategy

The fact that Diyarbakır Castle, Hevsel Gardens and are included in the World Cultural Heritage List with Göbeklitepe, that it takes place in the faith and gourmet tourism axis, and that its links are strengthened with two destinations with the developed cultural tourism such as and Konya, and that some of Şanlıurfa is located in the ecotourism development area shows that the vision for Şanlıurfa determined by Turkey’s Tourism Strategy 2023 is on Culture, Faith, Nature and Gastronomy.

15 The 11th Development Plan covers the (2019-2023) planning period, but the relationship between the Development Plan and the STP and SFA will be carried out at the stage of revising the plan in 2019 as the preparatory work of the Development Plan is ongoing. At present, the 10th Development Plan excluding the years 2014-2018 focused on strategy of opening to new markets and diversifying products, from health tourism to faith tourism, from winter tourism to congress tourism. The National Strategy for Regional Development (NSRD) 2014-2023 has been prepared with the vision of a more balanced and totally developed Turkey with socio-economically and spatially integrated regions having high competitiveness and prosperity and cover the following general objectives: • Extending prosperity in a more balanced way all over the country by reducing regional development differences; • Assessing the potential of all regions and enhancing their contribution to national growth and development by increasing their competitiveness; • Strengthening economic and social integration; • Establishing a more balanced settlement across the country. NSRD consists of 6 spatial objectives and 6 horizontal objectives in accordance with general objectives. Concerning Şanlıurfa in NSRD, in line with the Objective of Effective Use of Tourism Potential for Local and Regional Development:

Scale-Classification Zone-Axis-Location Objectives Faith Tourism Corridor: From Tarsus to Hatay, Transportation infrastructure will be developed and Tourism Corridors Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa and diversified in the axis of faith. Mardin For cultural tourism, the potential will be revealed by performing studies such as potential excavations, restorations and field arrangements. GAP cultural and tourism Efforts will be made to strengthen and diversify development region, Cultural Tourism transportation links. Adıyaman, Batman, Destinations and The historical old roads will be revitalized and the existing Diyarbakir, Gaziantep, Development Zones ruins will be renovated. Kilis, Mardin, , The potential, such as original urban textures, handicrafts Şanlıurfa, Şırnak and gourmet tourism developed within the historical and natural structure, will be marketed within the framework of sustainable tourism development. The mentioned regions have potential in terms of GAP Eco Tourism Eco Tourism Zones biodiversity and eco tourism and will be developed Corridor primarily.

In addition to the regional policies mentioned above, Şanlıurfa took part in the plan as a Regional Attraction depending on its potential and was able to attract infrastructure investments for tourism due to being in the Support Program for Attractions. The investments supporting STP and SFA among these investments are Şanlıurfa Castle Landscaping and the arrangement of “Maqam of Nabi Eyyup”. The regional tourism context of Şanlıurfa covers the GAP Region, TRC2 Region and the Environmental Planning Zone, which includes Şanlıurfa, Adıyaman and Diyarbakır. GAP Region The tourism strategy of the region has been developed by the South-Eastern Anatolia Project (GAP), one of the largest scale projects in the history of the Republic of Turkey.1 The project area covers nine provinces (Adıyaman, Batman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Kilis, Mardin, Siirt, Şanlıurfa and Şırnak) located in the Euphrates- Basin and upper Mesopotamia plains. These GAP provinces constitute, on average, 10.7 percent of Turkey in both geographical and population terms, however they receive less than 1 percent of the country’s inbound tourists. The GAP Competitiveness Analysis (2007) contains a strong analysis of tourism issues in the region and suggests following strategies:

1 GAP (2018) Southeastern Anatolia Project (electronic) available at www.gap.gov.tr, accessed 20-3-2018. 16 • Tourism Strategy 1: Implement “Cradle of Sustainable Civilizations” tourism destination promotion campaign. • Tourism Strategy 2: Shift to the development of higher value-added tourism products that are demand-driven by market requirements and customer preferences • Tourism Strategy 3: Build capacity in four key areas (education, business climate, physical infrastructure and access to finance) to institutionalize competitiveness principles throughout the GAP region’s tourism sector • Tourism Strategy 4: Improve coordination among sector stakeholders to overcome fragmentation, maximize scarce resources and develop a culture of collaboration within the sector The GAP Regional Tourism Master Plan was approved in 2011. It seeks to ensure that historic city areas become a centre of preservation, Culture and art life as a whole. These areas will be protected with a holistic approach, restoration, street sanitation, etc. At the same time walking routes, city museums, pensions, and shopping points will be designed as a part of these projects. Zoning plans will be prepared for protection in The planning decisions of GAP Tourism Master Plan have identified the attractions, where different tourism demands are likely to head the most, during the planning period and the position of Şanlıurfa is given in the following categories: • The sources likely to be visited most by international tourists are: Göbeklitepe • The sources likely to be visited most by domestic tourists are: Şanlıurfa’s Centre, Harran, - • The sources likely to be visited by domestic tourists coming for faith tourism and the local population in the region: Şanlıurfa Balıklıgöl, Tomb of Nabi Eyyup and Patience Maqam • The sources to be used by tourists coming for thermal tourism and also the local population in the region: Karaali Thermal Springs • Important sources likely to be used for recreation purposes in the region: Coastal Recreation Area in Downtown , Recreation Area (Water Sports Centre) For Şanlıurfa in the part of decisions regarding the addition of existing types of tourism to the Region as well as new types of tourism and extending the duration of accommodation in the Plan: • Birecik Reservoir: The second type of activity proposed as a new type of tourism in the region is the opening of Halfeti and Birecik Reservoir to water sports and recreation activities extensively. The plan also takes Point Planning decisions for places to stay and visit for short periods of time. For Şanlıurfa province: • Halfeti Accommodation Centre: Gaziantep City Centre, Birecik Reservoir, Çekem Gürpınar, and Bald Ibis Sanctuary have been determined as day visit places and Değirmendere as camping and caravan tourism; • Şanlıurfa Accommodation Centre: Şanlıurfa City Centre, Göbeklitepe, Harran, Bazda Caves, Han-el Barür Caravanserai, Suayb City, Soğmatar and Senem Caves, Atatürk Dam’s Observation Point, Bald Ibis Sanctuary, Halfeti and Birecik Reservoir have been determined as day visit points, camping, caravan and rural living spaces. The GAP Tourism Master Plan has supported restoration works in over 60 mosques in Şanlıurfa and other centres through the GAP Action Plan. In addition, Urfa Castle, Haleplibahçe Mosaic Museum and Şanlıurfa Edessa Archaeological Museum, the Suriçi Urban Transformation Project, Şanlıurfa Harran Castle, Çarmelik Caravanserai (Bozova District) (functions as Agricultural Museum), Kule (Urfa Kapısı - City (“Kent”) Museum) Mescidi (Birecik), Harran Castle, Harran Ulu Mosque, Birecik Castle, Han-El Barur Caravanserai, Germüş Church, Soğmatar Ancient City, Şuayip Ancient City all listed for works of differing scale. GAP Tourism Master Plan has also adopted provincial-focused brand city tours beyond integrated GAP tours. The most important reason for this is that the provinces having the perceptions of relatively safe province and relatively insecure province affect each other. For example, as Şanlıurfa, a province where terrorist incidents occur very rarely, is on the same tour route with other provinces where these incidents take place, this case causes the number of visitors to decrease in terms of perception. In contrast, the GAP Tourism Master Plan proposes tours in which each province is a separate destination for 2-3 days. In the 2014-2018 GAP Action Plan, the following actions have been taken: • Preparation of the protection plan of urban protected areas • Preparation of the management plan of urban protected areas • Preparation of protection and development projects for monuments • Establishment of auditing offices for restoration and protection • Establishment of Tourism information and promotion centres in Halfeti-Birecik--Rumkale and Harran • Determination of marketing strategy for handicrafts 17 • Developing archaeological values near Lake and undertaking projects • Innovation of transportation system • Establishment of Museum Committees • Preparation of a management plan for Harran • Realization of restorations for Harran Castle, Harran Ulu Mosque, Birecik Castle, Han-El Barur Caravanserai, Germüş Church, Soğmatar Ancient City, Şuayip Ancient City will be done. • Inventory conduct of cultural assets will be done in the GAP region • Implementation of the Attraction Points Support Program At present GAP is involved in promotion and branding activities which aim to increase employment and income from tourism, and to give a healthier and sustainable character to tourism activities in the region. A new regional tourism brand “Mesopotamia-The Legendary Land” and a website (www.mezopotamya.travel) and other promotional materials have been developed. These include suggested routes through the nine provinces covering history-culture, nature and food. They also undertake social media promotion activities, and online marketing of the whole region. Historical and cultural assets will be promoted at national and international levels and cultural and artistic events will be organized. A GAP Tourism Marketing Strategy is not currently available.

TRC2 Region covers the provinces of Şanlıurfa and Diyarbakır according to the Classification of Statistical Regional Units.

TRC2 Regional Plan has been prepared with the vision of "Diyarbakır-Şanlıurfa Region, the new attraction of the Middle East with its growing economy and rising quality of life". Regional Plan are built on 4 Development Axes and 17 main objectives under these development axes. The main objective, target, strategy and sub-strategy related to Şanlıurfa tourism sector are given below in the Regional Plan.

18 Diyarbakır-Şanlıurfa Region, the new attraction of the Middle East with its growing economy and rising quality of life

Development Axis: Urban Economies and Economic Growth

Development Axis: Urban Economies and Economic Growth

Strategy 1- Enhancing the training level and professional skills of the workforce in these fields and taking measures to increase access to the labour market in the strategic service sectors

Strategy 2- Increasing the facilities for vocational high school, college, undergraduate-level education to train intermediate staff and managers required by strategic sectors

Strategy 3- Making investments to strengthen the infrastructure of information and communication technologies in regional centers

Logistics, Tourism, Education and Strategy 4- Increasing vocational training opportunities in computer-aided design fields such as digital -

Specialization and Quality of Service in media design, graphic design, and the fields of advertising and marketing in regional centres

Strategy 5- Improving the quality of service offered by the public and private sectors

Improving

- Target 1 Health, Transportation Information and Communication Regional Provinces Technologies Services in Strategy 1- Bringing Natural, Historical and Cultural Values to Tourism by Preserving Them, Rehabilitating Tourism Areas and Developing Destinations

Sub-Strategy 1- Developing natural, historical and cultural areas and structures by conserving them, increasing visibility and accessibility, providing appropriate functions for tourism by obeying to the principle of protect and use,

Sub-Strategy 2- Increasing street and space cleaning in urban areas and especially in Şanlıurfa and Diyarbakir Suriçi regions where urban tourism is seen, making street lighting uninterrupted and widespread and supporting activities to provide area security

Sub-Strategy 3- Completing transportation infrastructure for the archaeological sites and tourist service areas within the region; supporting and programming activities to solve the problems regarding WC, lounge, lighting and safety; monitoring and evaluating the process Improving Tourism and Increasing Its Share Its Increasing and Tourism Improving

Sub-Strategy 4- Improving the quality of urban aesthetics and space in the tourist service areas, primarily - in the city centres of Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa and increasing the attractiveness of these areas, and in this context, realizing the Tigris Valley Project in Diyarbakir by completing the “Mirror of Civilizations, İçkale” Project Target 3 Target in the Regional Economy

19 Sub-Strategy 5- Developing the districts where the tourism movements within the region take place as new attractions and establishing policies to enhance the service and offer quality of existing activity, and in this context, taking measures to improve tourism in the districts of Eğil, Ergani, Çermik, Çüngüş and Lice of Diyarbakır and in the districts of Harran, Halfeti, Bozova and Birecik of Şanlıurfa

Strategy 2- Improving the Service Quality of Sector

Sub-Strategy 1- Determining new policies by preparing, implementing and evaluating questionnaires, which measure satisfaction and expectations, to be applied to domestic and international tourists in accommodation facilities and tourism offices and using them as a means of increasing the quality of service

Sub-Strategy 2- Improving the quality of service delivery of the persons, institutions and organizations providing services to tourists such as accommodation facilities, restaurants, tourism agencies, public transport and taxi drivers and enhancing hygiene conditions

Sub-Strategy 3- Providing brochures, direction tools and guidance services for tourists from Iraq, Syria, and Iran

Sub-Strategy 4- Preparing promotional brochures in multi-language

Sub-Strategy 5- Supporting activities such as seminars, conferences, etc. to raise the tourism awareness of the local press operating in provinces and districts

Sub-Strategy 6- Ensuring that the importance of sustainable tourism is conveyed to tourism investors, tourists, tourist area users, monitoring-evaluating sectors

Sub-Strategy 7- Developing educational activities in schools to raise tourism awareness of young people and children and ensuring young people's voluntary participation in tourism projects

Sub-Strategy 8- Ensuring the opening of tourism vocational high schools and vocational colleges in the region

Sub-Strategy 9- Increasing vocational training within the sector and enhancing awareness-raising activities describing the importance of tourism for the people and caring about tolerance for tourists

Sub-Strategy 10- Improving the quality of workforce with training on tourism and implementing the certification system effectively by prioritising personnel working in accommodation facilities and restaurants in the sector

Strategy 3- Promoting and Marketing the Region and Tourist Product Supply

Sub-Strategy 1- Effectively participating in national and international tourism fairs and promoting and marketing regional tourism opportunities

Sub-Strategy 2- Organizing and promoting regional tourism fairs and festivals

Sub-Strategy 3- Supporting local festival organizations

Sub-Strategy 4- Conducting value chain analyses of organizations that directly and indirectly produce and market goods and services to the tourism sector (accommodation organizations, souvenir sector, etc.)

Sub-Strategy 5- Analyzing domestic tourism and international tourism demand for the region

20 Sub-Strategy 6- Increasing and supporting activities toward improving the cooperation of university with the tourism sector

Sub-Strategy 7- Maintaining regular promotion activities with written and electronic facilities in national media in order to positively improve the image of the region

Sub-Strategy 8- Supporting promotional and advertising activities aimed at creating tourism potential within the region in local media operating in provinces and districts

Sub-Strategy 9- Updating the tourism inventory and ensuring this inventory offered with an accessible, attractive and exciting content in accommodation facilities

Sub-Strategy 10- Increasing promotional activities for the domestic market

Sub-Strategy 11- Developing and marketing tourism products based on tourist profile analyses

Strategy 4- Performing Branding Works at Urban Scale

Sub-Strategy 1- Performing urban and regional branding works, in this context creating and implementing the branding and image management strategy for Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa cities

Sub-Strategy 2- Performing branding works in the districts targeted to be new tourism attractions, in this context conducting branding, promotion and marketing activities in Halfeti, Eğil, Harran, Ergani and other potential attractions

Sub-Strategy 3- Implementing direction elements and visuals materials suitable for the tourism brand identities of cities in roads, airports, hotels, accommodation facilities, tourist places and buildings, conducting activities such as using the designs showing brand values on packages of local products

Strategy 5- Diversifying Tourism in the Region, Developing Alternative Types of Tourism

Sub-Strategy 1- Creating intra-regional tourism routes including district centres for local tourists and supporting them with maturing activities

Sub-Strategy 2- Developing tourism scenarios to increase the participation of districts in domestic tourism

Sub-Strategy 3- Increasing the activities of promotion, sales development and advertising for the domestic market in small districts

Sub-Strategy 4- Preparing and offering special products and services for different domestic tourism regions within the region

The financial support of Karacadağ Development Agency responsible for the implementation of the TRC2 Regional Plan is performed for the realization of objectives and strategies. The Main Strategies of the TRC2 Region, established in the Regional Plan, are summarized in the map below. Under the plan, Tourism Development Corridors, Tourism Attraction Points, Tourism Focuses, Tourism Axes have been defined for Şanlıurfa.

Tourism Development Corridors Defined for Şanlıurfa:

21 Cultural Tourism Corridor Starts In Gaziantep And Reaches Şanlıurfa Centre After Passing Halfeti And Birecik. The Corridor Is Divided Into Three Sections After Şanlıurfa Centre, And Continues In The Direction Of Siverek- Diyarbakır, Harran And Viranşehir Mardin. The Definition Of This Corridor Is Designed In Accordance With The Tour Routes Followed By GAP Tours Within The Region.

Faith Tourism Corridor Starts In Şanlıurfa Centre And Finishes In Viranşehir, Mardin, Diyarbakır, Eğil Or Ergani. Şanlıurfa Centre (Including Karaali) Has Been Defined As The Focus Of Culture, Faith And Thermal Tourism. In Şanlıurfa, Harran Is Defined As The Focus Of Culture And Faith, While Viranşehir Has Emerged As The Focus Of Faith Tourism.

The Lower Euphrates Basin Tourism Development Corridor, which includes Gaziantep-Adıyaman, has been defined for Şanlıurfa. Within the scope of this corridor, white water tourism, water sports and diving, ecotourism, cultural tourism, naturepark, ornitoring and faith tourism have been defined. On the tourism development corridor, the Bald Ibis Sanctuary (Birecik), Şavaşan Village (Halfeti) and Atatürk Reservoir Wetland (Bozova) have been designated as Tourism Attractions; and it has been envisaged to develop ecotourism for Halfeti and nature tourism for Bozova. As for districts, it has been envisaged to develop nature tourism for , Tableland and Winter Tourism for Siverek, Gastronomy Tourism for Şanlıurfa Centre.

Environmental Plan for Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır Environmental Plan for Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır was prepared and entered into force in 2012 with a scale of 1/100,000. The Plan has been revised by years when necessary. The latest revision was made on 13.08.2018. Environmental Plans are plans that determine settlement and land use decisions such as housing, industry, agriculture,

22 tourism, transportation in accordance with Regional Plans. The transportation axes and Environmental Decisions generated for Şanlıurfa province using the data of Environmental Plan are given below: Tour Routes to Support Tourism: In order to utilize the potential of tourism and to rise the added value of tourism, the tourist tour routes between the important natural, historical and cultural values in the region and connecting them to the main axes have been determined.

Adıyaman-Şanlıurfa-Diyarbakır Planning Zone has a rich range of natural, historical and cultural values. The Planning Zone has hosted many civilizations such as Hittite, Kommagene, Assyrian, Urartu, Macedonian, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman in the past. For this reason, there are many ancient cities and historical ruins in the region. The Planning Zone has an important wealth in terms of nature, thermal and tableland tourism as well as its potential of impressive cultural and faith tourism. The tour routes accept all three provincial centres in the Planning Zone as starting and ending points. All three provincial centres are connected to each other by tour routes using the main transportation axes and to regional tourist tour destinations such as Gaziantep and Mardin. The tourist tour routes described below are designated as priority in the Planning Zone. However, it is recommended that all roads connecting tourist potentials throughout the region be utilized in this way. 1. It is a closed ring that starts from the historical city centre of Şanlıurfa, and returns to Şanlıurfa via Harran Ancient City and Harran Houses, Bazda Caves, Han-El Barür Caravanserai, Şuayip City, Soğmatar Ancient City, Senem Cave, Tektek Mountains National Park, Karaali Thermal Springs and Göbeklitepe in the southeast. This route has the potential of cultural, nature and thermal tourism. 2. In the route that starts from Şanlıurfa city centre to Birecik to the west, leads to Birecik Reservoir with Euphrates Wetlands, and then reaches the town of Ayran and Halfeti along the Euphrates River, the water element comes into prominence. This route is connected to Yaslıca and Bozova via the town of Yaylak. This route has the potential of nature tourism. 3. It is connected from Şanlıurfa city centre to Viranşehir to the east, from here to Nabi Eyyup Tourism Center to the north and to Mardin to the east. This route has the potential for faith tourism. 4. The axle connecting Şanlıurfa provincial centre to Diyarbakır via Hilvan and Siverek and the Reservoir Crossing, which connects Adıyaman to Siverek via Kahta, are also the prominent connecting/unifying tour routes. This route has the potential of cultural and nature tourism.

23 Tourism Areas: It is of great importance in the development process to increase the added value of the tourism sector, which has significant potential in the Planning Zone, and to ensure that this value can be utilized and shared by all potential-offering settlements. The current tourism activities in the Planning Zone are mainly based on history, faith and cultural tourism. On the other hand, there are a wide range of potentials for nature tourism (eco-tourism), faith tourism and thermal tourism activities. However, today, a significant part of these values have not been arranged and opened to tourism. The 1/100,000 scale environmental plan has introduced various plan decisions to bring these values into tourism. Tourism Facility Areas: It is of great importance in the development process to increase the added value of the tourism sector, which has significant potential in the Planning Zone, and to ensure that this value can be utilized and shared by all potential-offering settlements. As one of the main decisions of the 1/100,000 scale environmental plan, the spatial planning decisions have been introduced to utilize tourism potentials in all three provinces in the Planning Region. In addition, tourism facility areas may also occur in urban or rural settlement areas and tableland areas provided that location selection is determined in sub-scale plans. Districts and towns in the Planning Zone, where the tourism facilities proposed in this plan are located: Tourism is supported in principle in Şanlıurfa province, the provincial centre, Halfeti district centre, Birecik district centre, the village of Göktaş in the east of Harran district, the village of Savaşan of Halfeti district. Day Facility Areas: The town of Yaslıca, the shore of Atatürk Reservoir in Şanlıurfa province; Şuayip City and Soğmatar Ancient City in Harran district of Şanlıurfa province; the localities of Baki and Narlıkaya on the banks of Atatürk Reservoirs in Siverek district; Thermal Tourism Areas: Resources offering thermal tourism potential in the Planning Zone of Adıyaman- Şanlıurfa-Diyarbakır and recommended to be utilized in this context: Karaali Thermal Springs in and around Karaali village in Şanlıurfa province; Eco-Tourism Areas: In the Planning Zone: Halfeti district centre of Şanlıurfa province has been planned on the banks of the Euphrates River as eco-tourism areas. Sites: In these areas, it has been accepted that the reconstruction plans for protect approved by the decisions of the board before approving this plan are in force. In the sites where there is no reconstruction plan for protect, there is an provision introduced by plan that the reconstruction plans for protect to be prepared by the relevant administrations has been finalised in line with the assent of the relevant institutions and organizations according to their qualifications, provided that the opinions of the relevant institutions and organizations are taken and they are in accordance with the decisions of this plan as a upper scale environmental plan. Şanlıurfa Old City Centre and Harran have been included as Urban Sites in Şanlıurfa. Wetlands: There is a Euphrates River Coastal Wetland in Şanlıurfa province. National Parks: There is Tektek Mountains National Park in Şanlıurfa province. Wildlife Improvement Areas: There is Kızılkuyu Wildlife Improvement Area in Şanlıurfa. Hunting Grounds: There are Alanlı-Burç and Körkuyu Örnek Hunting Grounds in the Central district of Şanlıurfa province. Recreation Areas: Gölpınar Recreation Areas in the Central district of Şanlıurfa province. Areas of Biological Importance: In Şanlıurfa province: the Southern Euphrates Valley and Birecik Steppes, Karkamış Dam, Bozova Steppes, Akçakale Steppes, Ceylanpınar and Karacadağ. Şanlıurfa has a long history in tourism, having been on the historical Silk Route connecting east, west, north and south; and being positioned as an important religious centre through the ages. According to statistics of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MoCT), Şanlıurfa reached more than 806,000 overnight stays in 2017 with a significant increase compared to 2016, and the number of overnight stays exceeded 1 million in 2018. Compared to previous years, almost all visitors today are from the domestic market (94 percent). Research undertaken by the Project indicates that most domestic visitors come from Istanbul, from cities within South East Anatolia such as Mersin, Adana, Gaziantep, and from nearby cities outside the immediate region such as Kahramanmaraş, , and Elazığ. Most visitors typically travel with friends or family and visit Şanlıurfa repeatedly. According to the findings of the 2017 Tourism Demand Analysis in the project, tour operators and travel agencies believe that cultural tourism is the most important tourism branch in Şanlıurfa and then comes faith and nature. Şanlıurfa tourism product consists of the followings: 1. Attractions; 2. Special interest tourism product (such as health tourism, rural tourism); 3. Accommodation facilities; and 24 4. Services supporting tourism. The city is culturally and historically unique in Turkey and was, until 1916, part of Aleppo vilaya (administrative region) in the Ottoman Province of Syria. Following the expulsion of the French it became part of Turkey. Its rich history is evident in its surviving architecture and living culture. Most overnight visitors come to Şanlıurfa for visiting friends and relations (VFR) and business purposes, including aid work related to the Syrian crisis. According to the Project’s Demand Analysis Report undertaken, leisure visitors chose Şanlıurfa for the following main reasons: • 45 percent of interviewed visitors came to Şanlıurfa for cultural heritage reasons • 25 percent come to visit nature and parks • 23 percent come for religious purposes • 6 percent came for adventure • 1 percent came for other purposes Due to the locations chosen for the survey, it is likely that a high proportion of visitors interviewed were day visitors. The survey confirmed that the vast majority of visitors to Şanlıurfa are Turkish. Leaving aside VFR and business traffic, visitors are motivated to come to Şanlıurfa by its cultural / historical, religious and natural attractions at present. The province is also on the traditional Hajj route from Iran, via Diyarbakir, and formed part of the ancient Silk Route. Caravanserai, inns and hans survive in both the city and along key routes through the province. Attractions With 2390 registered immovable cultural assets, Şanlıurfa is one of the top 10 richest provinces in this field in Turkey. Tescilli yapılar: Registered buildings Arkeolojik sit alanları: archaeological protected Arkeolojik Sit areas Alanı; 687; Tarihi29% Sit Alanı; 2; 0% Tarihi sit alanı: historical protected areas Kentsel Sit Alanı; Kentsel sit alanı: urban 6; 0% protected areas Tescilli Yapılar; Doğal sit alanı: natural 1693; 71% protected areas Doğal Sit Alanı; Kentsel arkeolojik sit 1; 0% alanı: urban archaeological protected Arkeolojik Sit Alanı Kentsel Sit Alanı Kentsel areas Arkeolojik Sit Kentsel Arkeolojik Sit Alanı Doğal Sit AlanıAlanı; 1; 0% Tarihi Sit Alanı Tescilli Yapılar

Together with Göbeklitepe, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, it is one of the 16 UNESCO- listed provinces in Turkey. The distribution of cultural assets by Districts in Şanlıurfa is shown below:

25 The distribution of registered works is in line with the tourism potential and activities in Şanlıurfa. Balıklıgöl, Castle, Eyyübiye where the Old city center is included are the areas with the most densely registered immovable cultural assets. With its castle and its structures within the site, Harran is the second district with the most densely registered works. Halfeti with the old town centre and Haliliye with Göbeklitepe, historical houses, and bridges are ranked as the 3rd and 4th districts where the registered assets are the most densely available. Siverek and Birecik come after other districts in terms of registered immovable cultural assets. As shown in the Environmental Plan as well as its registered cultural assets, the natural areas in Halfeti, Birecik, Ceylanpinar-Harran, Siverek and Bozova come into prominence with national parks. The most visited tourism sites in the province are: The Balıklıgöl area in Şanlıurfa City. Discussions indicate that this free and popular site probably receives more than a million visitors per year, mostly from Turkey itself15 Göbeklitepe archaeological site, enlisted by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in July 2018 The Şanlıurfa Museum complex which opened in 2015 Halfeti village and its reservoir which is very popular for group boating trips Harran, the ancient walled city and the University archaeological site Şanlıurfa Castle There are numerous other historical sites in the city and province, including archaeological and religious sites. There are also a range of free museums in Şanlıurfa city, the most popular of which are the Kitchen Museum and the new Kent (City) Museum. Şanlıurfa’s attractions product may be divided into two sections as follows: Cultural and religious sites, the majority of which are focussed in and around Şanlıurfa City and to its south east, including Harran and the tombs of prophets. No vistor records are kept at free sites such as Kent Museum, Kitchen Musem and Music Museum. Indeed, most sites do not have recorded visitor numbers. Table lists recorded attendance for ticketed sites. Visitor numbers to ticketed cultural attractions in Şanlıurfa province, 2016 and 2017

2016 2017 Şanlıurfa Archeopark museums 84.613 63.038 Şanlıurfa Castle 75.588 78.624 Harran archaeological site 17.733 22.428 Göbekli Tepe archaeological site 20.831 Close for upgrade 26 Source: Ministry of Culture and Tourism • Natural attractions, are extensive to the west and north of the province and associated with the Euphrates river and Atatürk Dam, Turkey’s largest. • The most visited natural attraction is Halfeti where boating trips on the reservoir attract large numbers of Turkish and some international visitors. • The Euphrates Valley north of Siverik also has natural appeal. • The Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) is an endangered species strongly associated with the Birecik area where there is a reserve and interpretative facility. • The deer species Gazella marica is another endangered species strongly associated with the area and there is a conservation and breading station (www.ceylanuretimciftligi.com) in Ceylanpınar District with population of 1500 Gazella marica and there a herd of 350 gazelles was released to the wild in hillsides east of Şanlıurfa City. • Visitor number for natural sites are not available, but are likely to be quite extensive particularly at Halfeti in the Euphrates valley close to Gazientep. Halfeti in particular has visitor management challenges, and extreme summertime temperatures affect demand. Numbers visiting the Atatürk Dam have declined owing to heightened security concerns in the area. In addition, the Tek Tek Mountains were declared as a national park in 2007 and lie just east of Harran. The area is defined as a forest steppe and includes some of the world’s last remaining wild pistachio forests. It covers over 19,000 hectares but is little visited at present. The Göbeklitepe archaeological site has received much international attention as the world’s oldest cult site / temple. Following its inclusion on the World Heritage list it is expected to help increase awareness of Şanlıurfa and attract additional visitors particularly in the short term. Fairly extensive visitor facilities have recently been provided at the site by MoCT to manage anticipated visitor flows. The site management and marketing involves public-private partnership. Balıklıgöl is the ritual and symbolic center of Şanlıurfa: It is a site of pilgrimage and healing that spans many centuries and faiths. The traditional cave of Ibrahim’s birth forms its sacred core and the extensive markets adjoining the site are very important as a commercial focus. The core area consists of five mosques, two sacred pools, and the castle that sits above the complex, all connected by the story of Ibrahim’s battle with King , referred to in the Holy Quran16 and also a legend from the oral tradition of ancient , preserved in the Talmud and in various other religious writings. The site also includes the reputed burial place of St Thomas who brought Christianity to India. There is a tourist information office on the site. The new Şanlıurfa museum is one of the largest in Turkey and has extensive neolitic and bronze age collections. The Mosaic Museum which also forms part of the complex is of very high standard and of international appeal. Together they form part of an Archeopark which also includes excavated Roman baths. Harran is also a key religious site recognised by all Peoples of the Book (Islamic, Christian and Jewish). It is a very ancient walled archaeological site. The Biblical Book of Genesis for example says that after leaving “ of the Chaldeans”17 Terah (the father of Abraham) and his family settled alongside the town of Harran, where Terah lived for 60 more years. According to most interpretations, it is while Ibrahim is in Harran that he receives the commanding call from God that sets him out toward the Promised Land and marks the symbolic start of monotheism. Until well after the Islamic conquest Harran was strongly associated with paganism, especially the worship of the goddess Sin. Harran University was the first Islamic institution of its kind, and a world-renowned centre of learning in the ancient world. When the classical academies at Athens and Alexandria were closed down under Christian rule, Harran’s world- famous center of learning became a refuge for scholars from across the ancient world with over 8,000 students gathering here. The extensive ruins can be viewed from the nearby tell.

27 Figure 1. Map of Şanlıurfa Province showing accessibility and key attractions

Şanlıurfa is known as the City of Prophets. The main associations and sites are as follows: Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham): It was believed that the Prophet Ibrahim was born in Mevlid Cave and was thrown into fire by King Nemrut at Balıklıgöl Prophet Eyyub (Job): The cave in which the prophet suffered his illness and the well where he washed himself is in the Eyyub Peygamber district in Urfa, a traditional place of healing. His tomb is located in Eyyub Nebi Village about 100km from Şanlıurfa. on the outskirts of the Viranşehir district Prophet Ilyasa (Elisha): His tomb is also located in Eyyubi Nebi village near Viranşehir.2 This holy site is near an ancient tell (probably Hittite). The area is pleasantly landscaped with coach parking and small shops. It is a Tourism Development Zone. Viranşehir itself was the border city of Constantia in Byzantine times. Prophet Şuayip (Jethro): It is believed that Prophet Şuayip lived in ancient city of Suayb, located 85 km of Şanlıurfa Prophet Moses: The well of Moses and a sign of his staff is located in the ancient city of Soğmatar (Yağmurlu Village) Prophet Lut (Lot): Prophet Lot, the brother of the Prophet Ibrahim, immigrated to Sodom in today’s Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. He was born in Şanlıurfa and lived with Prophet Ibrahim in the Harran region. Prophet Yakub (Jacob): It is thought that he lived in a building called Deyr Yakup (the Throne of Nemrut) about 10 km east of the city. The well where he watered his sheep and met his wife Rachel is today in a small urban park in Harran. There is a significant global market for faith tourism, including Islamic (mostly Sh’ia) traditions of pilgrimage to holy sites. Interest in domestic faith tourism is also significant in Turkey. It is noted that the standard of restoration / conservation and management needs attention to avoid sites being inappropriately developed, destroying the archaeological record.

2 There is a rival tomb of Eyyub in Eğil district of Diyarbakır Province, and there was also a well-known Ottoman-style Eyyub tomb in Saudi Arabia, now destroyed in accordance with Wahhabi practice. 28 Other Tourism Products Food Tourism Fresh food and unique cuisine are key assets of Şanlıurfa, but more needs to be done to make them tourist-friendly and easily available. There are an estimated 20 tourist-orientated restaurants in Şanlıurfa, in addition to hotel restaurants. Most are in the mid-range category with very few high-end establishments. International dining options are simply not available at present: a key weakness for tourism, and a future investment opportunity. Shopping centre developments have increased the range of Şanlıurfa restaurant supply, but only at a basic level. All food is halal and alcohol is only available in some hotels. Şanlıurfa also has a wide range of local eateries and a distinctive local cuisine based on fresh local produce, especially meat and vegetables. This aspect of Şanlıurfa tourism is very appealing to Turkish visitors. The product has considerable character and local food attractively presented can play an important part in the future promotion of the destination. There may also be opportunities to develop agritourism related to food production. There is an active association (ŞURKAV) promoting training related to food tourism with high profile premises (Bağdadi Evi – Baghdadian House) near Balıklıgöl under a project. They are planning to continue such activities in this particular premises together with handicrafts. Halfeti is one of 25 Cittaslow (Slow Food) members in Turkey.3 Cittaslow is a union that combines local, participatory and good municipalism, and the municipalities with a population of under 25,000 can participate in. The origin of Cittaslow is the Slowfood movement, which started off with the idea of protecting local food against international food chains. Halfeti, especially with its dishes made using fruits and meat, is unique in Şanlıurfa. Halfeti has the potential to use its CittaSlow privilege more. The Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality also operates the Kitchen Museum in the Old City near Balıklıgöl area where traditional cuisine cooking courses are carried out on regular basis. These courses are given free of charge to local people with day participation by tourists welcomed. In particular, European countries pay special attention to the products with geographical indication. Şanlıurfa has 14 Products with Geographical Indication on food at present. Presentation of Products with Geographical Indication to visitors in accordance with the relevant standards provides an important opportunity for gastronomy tourism. Archaeology In addition to its rich and vibrant Islamic sites, Göbeklitepe and the Şanlıurfa Museum, the province has very important archaeological sites from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, from Bablyonian and Assyrian periods, extensive Greco-Roman remains, Crusader and Sejluk castles, Byzantine sites and church remains from many denominations. Most of these are largely unexplored and can attract new markets. There are in excess of 400 historic caves throughout Şanlıurfa Province, and more than 150 unexcavated ancient settlement remains (tells / tumuli) in the Harran Plain alone. Only a minor excavation in one of them at in the 1950’s revealed tablets of Mesopotamian mythology called the Epic of Gilgamesh. Archaeological tourism, both in the form of universities carrying out archaeological research and excavations licenced by MoCT, and specialist archaeology societies, can be encouraged. A key necessity however will be significant improvements to the protection of these archaeological sites. Water-Based Tourism Water-based tourism, mainly boating, is arranged on the Euphrates at Halfeti and Rumkale. It is also available on a small, local scale at the northern end of the Atatürk Dam. There is a floating dock (a small marina) financed by Karacadağ Development Agency and a visitor handling entry point and ticketing section which is newly built by Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality at Halfeti. Forty-three boats with differing capacities and quality operate under the cooperative Saklı Cennet Halfeti Turizm Geliştirme Kooperatifi: 34 of these boats are Municipality registered. It is reported that there are also 16 unregistered private boats operating on Birecik Dam Reservoir. It should be noted that there are also around 30 boats operating at opposite site of the Reservoir on Gaziantep (Yavuzeli) side for the visitors coming from Gaziantep. Although the product is considered good by local industry members, there is considerable potential to improve visitor management, the visitor experience, the rural environment and safety standards. Waste management from boats and visitors is a particularly important issue which needs urgent attention. On-board waste collection holding tanks need to be installed and a management system including pump-out facilities is needed at the marina in Halfeti. The tourism products offered, and the operating season are quite limited in Halfeti but there is potential to improve this.

3 Slow Food International (2018) Convivia in Turkey (electronic), available at www.slowfood.com (28-3-2018) 29 SCUBA diving events have been organised at Halfeti and a promotional brochure has been produced on diving in Halfeti, however this does not mention an operator and an on-line search does not indicate any active marketing. It will be important to ensure Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) standards, or similar, are applied. The Atatürk Dam also offers water-based tourism potential and ferry services sometimes operate. In addition, the story of the greening of the desert on a vast scale in Şanlıurfa Province may offer potential for agritourism or educational study groups. Pollution of dam waters and agricultural run-off is a concern however4 and may damage long term tourism potential. A range of water-sports (water-skiing, jet-skiing, tube boat rides, banana boats, kayaking, sailing, rowing, scuba diving, etc.) may offer potential. Given the multiple users that could be involved, the control of water-sports and provision of water-safety supervision and rescue services are important. Meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions Şanlıurfa has limited quality venues for meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) at present, but given the city’s growth projection, the significant seasonality challenge which is apparent, and the good airport facility with good linkages to Istanbul’s airports and some to İzmir, this sector needs to be a focus for investment and marketing attention. The fact that Şanlıurfa is sunny throughout the year and the climate in winter is temperate compared to the Northern provinces provides important opportunities especially for large public institutions and corporate companies to hold their in-service training, events and meetings in Şanlıurfa. Special interest tourism A limited range of special interest tourism options can be organized; however, the vast majority of demand is remarkable to be for mainstream products (culture, faith, nature). The province has a strong tradition of equestrianism and an excellent race track. Şanlıurfa is the home of fine Arabic horses. There are regular horse races in the large, high standard race track and horse breading facility 18 km from city centre. It can also be used as a place for outdoor events. At present horse racing attracts breeders and owners from many parts of Turkey and from further afield to Şanlıurfa. Race-goers are generally local. In the growing area of health and wellness internationally. Balıklıgöl was for millennia a place of healing: This tradition appears lost at present. The Well of Job in the city is still associated with healing powers, especially for skin ailments. The city also had important healing shrines in the past. The Karaali Thermal Springs is a 34 room, 68 bed publicly owned hotel currently run by private sector. There are also 54 apartments at Karaali Thermal Springs. Facilities are mostly used by day visitors from Şanlıurfa and some longer staying visitors from neighbouring cities. Şanlıurfa still has at least five traditional and modern hammams still operating in various parts of the city. There is potential to develop spas and up-market hammams as part of hotel facilities. Rural tourism and agricultural tourism have not developed well; the fact that Şanlıurfa is rural compared to other provinces, and one of the production centres of products such as pistachio, İsot, wheat and offers an opportunity for the development of these types of tourism. Discussions with a leading Şanlıurfa tour operator suggested cotton picking experiences and farm production packaging activities might be developed. Bird-watchers can be attracted to the province to visit the bald ibis reserve. Trekking is possible in the winter months and the extensive Tektek Mountain National Park is within the province. This product has not been developed. Hunting in Tektek has been suggested as a touristic possibility but this is probably not possible in a protected reserve and is also dependent on herd management data. There is no golf course in the region5

Tourism Infrastructure Accommodation Facilities A key element of tourism infrastructure is accommodation supply. Şanlıurfa has a few of visitor accommodation supply at present and many properties are in need of upgrade to meet visitor expectations. Most tourism-related businesses in Şanlıurfa are small and family-run with almost 70 percent of businesses having less than 10 employees. According to the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, in 2017 Şanlıurfa had a total of 82 licenced accommodation facilities.

4 GAP Master Plan (2011) 5 There are around 20 golf courses in Turkey mostly in coastal locations. A plan to create 100 golf courses has not progressed significantly. 30 Of these, 18% are accommodation with tourism operation license, 57% are facilities with Operation License from Municipality and 25% are public sector guest houses. Figure 2. Şanlıurfa accommodation 2017

18% 25%

Tourism Operation Certified Municipality Certified Public Sector Guest House

57%

In relation to rooms and beds, Şanlıurfa has a total of 2,807 rooms, and a total of 6,003 beds.6 There is a very limited homestay and apartment rental supply. Tables 2 and 3 outline details. Table 1. Accommodation in Şanlıurfa city centre

Number of accommodation Type No. rooms Beds facilities Tourism Operation Certified (Turizm İşletme 3(5*), 1(4*), 3(3*), 1(1*), 2(ÖB) 899 1.794 Belgeli) =10 Hotels 18 Hotels, 11 Guest House= 29 Municipality Certified (Belediye Belgeli) 686 1.718 Facility Public Sector Guest House (Misafirhane) 9 Facilities 357 736 Total 48 1.942 4.248 Source: Tourism Directorate, June 2017 Table 2. Accommodation in Şanlıurfa districts Number of accommodation Type No. rooms Beds facilities Tourism Operation Certified (Turizm İşletme 4 (3*), 1(ÖB)=5 Hotels 170 341 Belgeli) Municipality Certified (Belediye Belgeli) 18 Hotels 434 883 Public Sector Guest House (Misafirhane) 11 Facilities 254 517 TOTAL 34 858 1741 Investment Operation Certified (Yatırım 1 (4*) Vefa Park Otel-V.Şehir, 1 İşletme Belgeli) (3*’) MMC Çelebi Otel-Hilvan Source: Tourism Directorate, June 2017

Şanlıurfa hotels currently employ approximately 300 people. To be effective accommodation grading must compare standards against the widest possible pool of hotels and be driven by international best practice. Currently, only four and five star hotels have a swimming pool. While almost all of Turkey’s 50-plus halal hotels provide women-only spas and pools, this concept has not yet been extensively developed in Şanlıurfa, although seperate pools are available at the Karaali Hot Springs New tourist accommodation projects currently underway include the following: 650-bed Sheraton Hotel in Şanlıurfa City

6 March 2018 31 Eleven bed eco-hotel at Harran The Vefa Park Hotel (4 Star) in Viranşehir District and MMC Çelebi Hotel (3 Star) in Hilvan District have been given Investment Operation Certificates and are expected to be constructed with a total capacity of 65 rooms and 132 beds. Trends in total overnight stays in Şanlıurfa indicate overnight stays in the province have grown from a total of more than 146,000 stays in 2007 to more than 806,000 stays in 2017. This substantial growth probably reflects the growth of the Turkish economy and the rapid expansion of Şanlıurfa city, as well as the recent impacts of the war in Syria in terms of support workers. Figure 3. Overnight stays in Şanlıurfa 2007-2016

800000

700000

600000

500000

400000

300000 Overnight stays stays Overnight 200000

100000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Domestic International

Source: Ministry of Tourism and Culture According to the Project’s Demand Analysis Report, most visitors to Şanlıurfa (65 percent) spend only one or two nights, which makes the average length of stay relatively short: Almost 90 percent of the interviewed visitors however are aware that the time spent in Şanlıurfa was too short to appreciate all the cultural assets and attractions which the province can offer. Domestic tourists are generally satisfied with Şanlıurfa and tend to repeat visit.7 The survey performed under the analysis shows that average expenditure by visitors to Şanlıurfa is low - most of the visitors (54 percent) spend on average between TL 50 to 100 per person per day; approximately half of this group spends less than TL 50 per day and a very small number spend more than TL 101 to 200 per person per day. Only one respondent surveyed indicated that his expenditure is above TL 500 per day. There are no Green Star Hotels in Şanlıurfa.

7 RHSP (2017) Demand Analysis Report. 32 Figure 4. Şanlıurfa monthly average bed-nights 2010-2018

58.000

56.000

54.000

52.000

50.000

48.000

46.000

44.000

42.000

40.000

Source: Ministry of Tourism and Culture When the seasonal impact was examined in tourism, the highest number of visitors was recorded in the months of April-May and September-October, and the lowest number of visitors in the months of June-July-August; other months attract about 50,000 visitors. The most important reason for the decline in summer months is that visitors cannot visit cultural and religious areas at high temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. Şanlıurfa is milder than other provinces in November, December, January, February and March. Therefore, with activities such as congresses, events and festivals, it offers the opportunity to increase the tourism season from 4 months to 9 months in the medium term.

C. ŞANLIURFA TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS

Stoneworking The beginning of the craft of stoneworking in Şanlıurfa goes back to the Neolithic period up to 12,000 years ago. In Göbeklitepe excavations that started in 1995 and still continues in Örencik Village 18 km away from Şanlıurfa city center and included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List, human head, lion head, pig head, frog, vulture sculptures and animals reliefs including lions, snakes, oxen, rams, foxes, cranes, and ducks were found on large, "T" shaped stellas (totems) in one of the oldest sculpture workshops of Anatolia. In Şanlıurfa architecture, stonemasonry and ornaments in buildings such as houses, mansions, inns, baths, mosques, churches, fountains, shrines, and rock tombs bear the traces of many civilizations. The quarries are located in the mountains to the west of the city. As the restoration of historical buildings continues today, this profession continues with young craftspeople.

Copperworking Excavations in Hasek Höyük, Kurban Höyük, and Lidar Höyük in Şanlıurfa revealed that the craft of copperworking which started with the processing of copper in the Copper Age (5000-3000 BC) has a history of thousands of years in Şanlıurfa. Copperworks of Şanlıurfa became famous with the "forging hammer" technique. The skill of Urfa coppersmith masters in this technique is praised. Recently, some young craftspeople have started to make embossed trays and coffee pots using "embossing hammer" for touristic purposes with historical depictions and special emblems. The craft of copperworking, which was carried out with 300 masters and foremen in 100 workplaces in the 1950s, is now being performed in 10 workplaces by around 30 masters. Şanlıurfa copper products include boilers, pots, pans, trays, lengers, strainers, plates, buckets, bowls, tubs, pitchers, jugs and coffee pots. Old kitchen tools and souvenir copper works can be found in "Hüseyniye Bazaar", which was built in 1887 and used by the coppersmith craftspeople today.

33 Goldsmithing The crafts of goldsmithing and silversmithing, symbols of beauty and power, is one of the oldest handicrafts in Şanlıurfa. The 1894 yearbook of Aleppo province states that the goldsmiths in Urfa are famous in the vicinity. The general name of women's jewelry such as gold, silver, pearls, and diamonds is "Hışır" (hulliyyat) in Şanlıurfa. With the hard and long work of the craftsmen in Urfa, gold and silver are turned into jewelry such as necklaces, necklaces, bracelets, rings, earrings, pins, and belts. Currently, more than 50 masters trained by the old craftsmen continue to produce traditional jewellery in Şanlıurfa. 21-22 carat gold is processed in the traditional goldsmiths in the center of Şanlıurfa. Hole making (cutting-engraving), pen work (making patterns with deep traces on the surface with a steel pen), embossing (made by hammering or mold), mold nailing, filigree (wire made models), twisting (bold bracelets made with bending of wires), casting, plating (chemical coating of copper, bronze, and silver with gold), gilding, graining, nailing (placing stones on rings, earrings, and pendants), wattling, colored stone nailing techniques are used to make jewellery models in Şanlıurfa. The craft of goldsmithing, which has been performed in the historical covered market called “Eski Kuyumcu Pazari” (nowadays used by with tailors and bead makers) near Balıklıgöl until 60 years ago, is being carried out in the shops around Yildiz Square and in the covered markets called Pamukcu Bazaar and Kinaci Bazaar. The main Gold Jewelry includes earrings, necklaces, cordon, pins, belts, bracelets, rings, and gloves. The main Silver Jewelry includes crests, üçkor, levzik, reçme, maşallah, necklaces, earrings, collars, hairpins, hair ties, amulets, plastrons, belts, bracelets, nose rings, and anklets.

Silk Trade The process in which raw silk is processed by hand to produce yarn and tram and twisted to give shape. This craft which was maintained in 30-40 shops until 1980s in the covered market called "Kazzaz Market" is kept alive by 2-3 masters today. Kazaz Bazaar (Bedesten) is one of the oldest covered bazaars of the city and today various woven products are traded there. In this historical market, accessories such as pearl pins, pocket watch guards, pistol guards, ember guards, hair ties, scarf tassels, rosary tassels, glazed ribbons, igal are among the main products of this craft. Weaving (Cloth Weaving) The craft of weaving is called “Cülhecılıh” in Urfa, where wool yarn, cotton yarn and “floss" are painted in the local style and original colors and woven on looms called "çakarlı", which is operated with one-foot, or ”çekmeli", which is operated with 2-4-feet, to make scarfs called “Yamşah” (Neçek-Çe) or "Puşu" and women clothes called "Ehram" and "Fıta". Yamşah, which is generally used by women as a headscarf, is woven from floss in yellow, green, and brown colors. The floss is made of first class fiber cotton with bright and silky appearance which is brought from Bursa in white color and dyed in Urfa. Yamşah goes through 12-13 stages in the weaving process. First, the thread is convolved, which is called kelep. The "Kelep" is painted in copper boilers with paint added to boiling water, dried under sunlight and stretched on a handloom to make a ball (kavuk). Then the warp is released, the ropes are stretched. Each warp is 250 m. and woven on the loom (kücü). Weaver varieties include yamşah (yaşmak-neçek-çefiye), vala, puşu, ehram (ihram), fıta, and izar. These products are available in Kazaz Market.

Rug Weaving Rug weaving, which has been maintained in Şanlıurfa villages for centuries, has lost its importance with the spread of machine-type carpets and rugs in recent years and has begun to be forgotten. The rug models woven in the villages of Karacadag and Karakeçi regions in Siverek and Viranşehir district can be seen in all regions of Şanlıurfa. The tents (karaçadır) used in Karacadag plateau and villages of Urfa are woven with rope made of goat hair on the floor benches. The mats called “Palas" are also made of goat hair with this technique, The goat wool ropes used in haircloth tent fabrics are not pre-washed, and the ropes are tightly woven using kirkit and so that the haircloth tent is rainproof in winter. Each of the narrow weaving pieces 60-70 cm in width is called “şakka". The şakka is laid out side by side longitudinally and sewn together with ropes made of goat hair. Tightly woven rugs have been made by elderly women in Karacadag, Siverek, Viransehir, Hilvan villages and Kisas town of the central district until recently. In the town of Kisas, an old craftsman named "Koce" had been weaving sackcloth on loom until 2000, . In the districts of Harran, Akcakale, Bozova and Ceylanpınar, rug weaving is not common. The rugs used in these districts and villages are mostly brought from Siverek and Viransehir.

Shoe (Köşger) Making The word "Köşger" is derived from the Persian word “keşfger" which means shoemaker. Shoemakers produce heavy shoes (postal), sandals, bride boots (kalıç potin), and “fede", a type of boots, that do not require fine craftsmanship. In the past, these tradespeople maintained their craft at the Eskici Market, which extends in the north-south direction to the east of Atar Market. Men's shoes with the upper (saya) made of leather and the sole made of stout leather are called 34 "yemeni". It is said that this type of shoes was invented by a master named “Yemen-i Akbar" in Yemen for the first time. These shoes without heels are suitable for walking in the dirt. Another name for "yemeni" in Urfa is “Postal”. The hide on the sole of "yemeni" is made of buffalo or cowhide, its upper (saya) is made of goat skin, lining is made of sheep skin, innersole is made of cattle or goat skin, and edges (sız) are made of kid leather. All seams of yemeni are made by hand. Yemeni shoes are made of colored leather called hemadanı, annebi and fındığı. The sole leather of children's yemenis are thin, the sole leather of women's yemenis are of medium thickness, and that of men's is thick. The leather thickness used on the upper does not change. A master in the bazaar in Eskici Market maintains this craft.

Furriery The processing of animal furs to make clothing is one of the oldest crafts in human history. The craft of furriery continues in Urfa today. This clothing, which is unique to Urfa, is not made anywhere else in Anatolia except Şanlıurfa. Furs, a type of baggy clothing, are made from the skins of lambs that die in the womb of their mother or after birth. The outer part of the furs produced in Urfa is covered with a black fabric called "şakaf" and they are baggy clothes like "aba". Fur consists of around forty pieces. The matching parts are put together and sewn. It is worn by elderly and middle-aged people, especially in winter, and most of the tradespeople are protected from the cold by using fur in their shops. Thin fur vests that can be worn under the jacket have also been produced since the 1970s. These vasts made of thin leather with curly hairs can be worn under the jacket as they are not coarse, and preferred by those who have pain in their stomach, kidney, and backache. Three types of black, white, and multicolored leather are used to make fur; curly, nailed, and plain. The curly type of each color is more desirable. However, the most valuable of these is the leather with black hair. Fur production has three processes as grooming, mowing-sewing, and surfacing.

Felt Making Felt is a mat made of sheep wool. The wool is fluffed by Hallaç, layed out in layers of the desired size with colored embroidery on a cloth and moistened, then rolled and pounded with feet, rolled again after straightening the edges and pounded again. This felt, called raw, is taken to the bathhouse and pounded by the breast and compressed in such a way that the wool cannot be separated with heat and water. The felt is then dried outdoors for use. Felt types made in Şanlıurfa are shepherd felt, winter felt, household felt, cedar felt, horse felt, and sponge mattress felt. Embroideries include Persian embroidery, branch embroidery, sequin embroidery, and belly embroidery. Multicolored felt products such as chair cushions, tapestries, prayer rugs, saddlebags, cones, boots, and booties are also produced. This traditional craft, which has been maintained in Şanlıurfa for centuries, is still performed in several shops in Keçeci Market. Saddlery The craft of making saddles, harnesses, belts, gun cases, bullet cases, bags, and hunting equipment with thick leather and normal thin leather is called "Saddlery". Those who do this work are called "saraç" (saddler), the products are called "saraciye" (leathercraft), and the market where this craft is performed is called "saraçhane" (saddlery). The fact that the famous "Arabian Horses" were raised in Şanlıurfa increased the importance of saddlery. In Şanlıurfa, leather and leather harnesses, hunting equipment, belts, bags and gun holsters are produced in relation to horses and the culture of horse breeding. Until recently, this craft has been performed in about 20 shops in the market called "Saraç Bazaar" near Hüseyniye Bazaars. Since horses lost their importance in social life, the craft of Saddlery decreased in recent years and the shops in Saraç Bazaar started to be used by craftspeople who make clothes. This craft is maintained only in 2-3 shops today.

Wood Carving Door wings and window sashes, wooden wall claddings, and ceilings of the old Urfa houses have been decorated with very rich engraved motifs. Engravers make embroidered door wings and window sashes, dowry chests, lecterns, boxes, and mirror frames. The gate of the Rızvaniye Mosque built between 1716 and 1721, the gate of the Library of Nakibzâde Hacı İbrahim Efendi Medresesi which was built to replace Eyyûbi Medresesi are the oldest examples of woodworks. It is understood from the inscriptions on the engraved door wings and window sashes in Urfa houses that these works date back to 1835, 1854, 1859, 1868, and 1875 and were made by local craftspeople named Neccâr Mehmet, Yeşilneccârzâde Bekir, El- Hac Hüseyin, and Ahmet Hamdi. In the decorations on the door wings and window sashes, the symmetry principle was taken into consideration and the motifs were evaluated according to the shape of their places. Carving, joint (kündekâri), cage, muşarabiye, and inlay techniques have been applied skillfully on woodworks in Urfa. Today, wood carving is

35 performed only by retired teachers Fikret Ergin, Osman Nergiz, and Enver Çoban. The oldest examples of wood carving in Urfa are exhibited in the Şanlıurfa Museum.

Comb Making In Şanlıurfa, comb making had been practiced in the market next to the Old Arasa Bath until 50 years ago. This craft was abandoned by the production of plastic combs. In Şanlıurfa, combs were made of the camels' leg bones and good breeds of annep, pear, and walnut trees. The camel bone was more preferable because it had an appearance of ivory and was hard and durable compared to others. Combs were made also by using “buffalo horns" and “cleats". There are three main types of comb: Women's comb, men's comb, and beard comb.

Iron Forging Giving shape to iron by bending, drilling, spreading, piling with the help of a hammer and pincer by heating to an adequate temperature and forging on the anvil is called "hot iron forging". The craft of iron forging to make weapons such as swords, machetes, wedges, daggers, and knives, agricultural tools like plows, chisels, nails, hatchets, pickaxes, shovels, axes, choppers, and various tools such as door handles (hinge), door lockers, door knockers, door keys, as well as wrought iron including window screens and balcony railings continues in Demirci Bazaar around Barutçu Han in Şanlıurfa. The most original examples of this craft are seen on window screens, stair and balcony railings in traditional houses of Urfa. The increase in iron products produced in the factories caused a decrease in interest in the craft of iron forging and this craft is performed in one or two shops only.

Door Knockers Door knockers, called "dögecek" in the local language are made of iron with the forging and casting techniques. The doors of Urfa houses have various kinds of handmade knockers with artistic value. The knockers made with the forging technique are shaped in the form of bird motifs, stylized dragon motifs, leaf motifs, palmate motifs, grape motifs, and rings with palmate motifs or plain rings. Those made with the casting technique are usually shaped as “honeysuckles”.

Bead Making The rosary production has been performed with great care in Şanlıurfa for many years. The rosaries are made of various metals and materials and are known by the type of material used. Skittle (cinnamon) rosary, tortoise shell rosary, turquoise rosary and so on. In the workshops in Şanlıurfa, the rosary beads are shaped on the lathe with the help of a sanding wheel. Rosary beads are shaped by being processed in round, egg-shaped, oval, cypress, starling, and barley models. Besides various stones, synthetic materials, horns, fossils, bones, teeth, pearls, shells, seeds, glass, and precious trees are used in the production of rosaries. Some rosaries are believed to be good against bad luck, skin diseases, and stress and to give high energy. The rosary workshops in Şanlıurfa are widespread in the area around Gümrük Hanı where there are historical markets. There are varieties of the rosary in rosary sellers in the yard of Gümrük Hanı, jewelers in the jewellery market, and in the ŞURKAV market near Balıklıgöl.

Calligraphy The earliest examples of Calligraphy, which has an important place among the Islamic arts in Urfa, are seen in some architectural elements among the ruins of the Great Mosque of Harran and the gravestones uncovered as a result of excavations in the old cemetery of Harran. In addition, the epitaph on the northern facade of the Harran Gate, written with Ayyubi nashk, the epitaph with flowers on the northern wall of the Ayyubi Medrasah, and the cistern epitaph of Sheikh Mes'ûd Zaviyesi are among the XI-XII century examples of calligraphy in Urfa. Numerous inscriptions, tombstones, monumental structures, and compositions in the form of celi nesih, celi sülüs, celi ta'lik ve makıli on houses from the Ottoman period have a rich variety. The poem written by the poet Sakıb in Halepli Bahçe with white paint and ta'lik calligraphy on wood with a blue base on the walls of the great hall on the second floor of the mansion built on his name shows the poet's calligrapher quality of the poet. Ahmet Vefik Efendi, born in 1860, and his student Arabizâde Behçet Efendi (1893-1965), among the calligraphers of Urfa produced some of their works at the end of the Ottoman period and some of them during the Republican period. Their writings are exhibited in the Şanlıurfa Museum and in a hall dedicated to them in the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism. Today, Mahmut Dörtbudak, Münib Görgün, Halil Kırıkçı, Abdurrahman Polat, Mustafa Kaçar, İsmail Kanbaz, Abdülkadir Kuşkıran, İ. Halil Umuç, M. Ali Caduk, Mustafa Parıldar, Ömer Sabuncu, Eyyüp Yıldız, S. İsmail Özbek, and Orhan Kocabeyli are maintaining the art of calligraphy in Urfa.

36 D. DEMAND ANALYSIS Demand for craft products is related to the tourism potential of the province as well as the course of tourism today. The supply side in tourism is given in the facility infrastructure section above. Demand can be measured with the number of arrivals and overnight stays. According to the Tourism Value Chain Analysis, which is prepared within the scope of the project called History Revives in Şanlıurfa, nearly 50% of the visitors except for friends, relatives, and transit passengers are accommodated. In 2018, the average number of overnight stays is over 1.5 million and the average duration of stay is 1,5 day. In this context, when the calculation is made over the duration of the stay, the number of people staying in hotels is 1,010,079 People / 1,5 = 673,386 people. When transit visitors and friends or relatives of locals are added, it is seen that 673,386 x 2 = 1,346,772 people have visited Şanlıurfa. This indicates a high demand density.

1% 7% Yerli GAP Bölgesi Turları

Yerli Haftasonu Turları 35% 16% Yerli Bağımsız Turist

Yabancı Turistler 4% Yerli Dost Akraba Ziyaretçileri Yabancı Dost-Akraba Ziyaretçileri Yerli İş Amaçlı Ziyaretçiler 2% 23% 0% 10% 2%

The general course of demand can be measured by the annual change in the number of overnight stays. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Şanlıurfa Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism have overnight stats between 2008-2018 and the end of August 2019. In the light of these data, the number of overnight stays included in 2019 has changed as follows.

37 Number of Overnight in Şanlıurfa 1400000

1200000 37875

33385 1000000

800000

600000 1108059 976694 400000

200000

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*

Domestic Foreign

After a rapid rise between 2008 and 2014, there was a big decrease with the Suruç explosion in 2015, and a steady increase was realized between 2016 and 2019. Using the data of the first eight months of 2019, the number of overnight stays in 2019 was calculated based on the increase in the same months of the previous year.

Estimated Increase Rates 35,0 30,0 28,5 26,9 25,0 25,3 20,0 16,7 15,0 13,5 10,0 10,8 11,411,411,410,4 8,2 8,4 6,5 7,4 6,4 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 3,5 2,2 0,0 -5,0 -10,0

-15,0 -16,1 -20,0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039

The average overnight increase rate in Şanlıurfa including 2015, which was the crisis year, was calculated as 11.4% between 2008 and 2018. Especially due to the supply deficit, the overnight increase rate is expected to realize at a falling rate. It is estimated that this trend will be 11.4% until 2022, and will decrease in the following years, but will be around 5% in 2027 due to the high tourism potential. According to this increase rate, the number of overnight stays in the economic life of the project is targeted as follows.

38 Overnight Numbers in Şanlıurfa 5000000

4500000 4.289.532

4000000

3500000

3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040

It is foreseen that the number of overnight stays will be 4.289.532 by 2040. According to this demand trend, only the number of overnight stays are taken into account.

E. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE PROJECT AREA A two-story historical building on plot 62 and parcel 5 surrounded by 18th, 19th, and 20th streets in Şanlıurfa historical city center with the characteristics of the 19th century architecture, which was functionalized as GESEM (Traditional Handicrafts Center) within the structure of ŞURKAV, has been chosen as the feasibility area. It was decided to transform this building by taking into consideration the garden size of the area, its existing and potential functions. It is aimed to increase the competitiveness of Şanlıurfa in tourism, design, and innovation by providing the craft-design unity and infrastructure by transforming the building into a Design and Innovation Center. In addition to the existing functions of the structure, the following functions are planned to be added to ensure the sustainability of the center to be established in line with the needs of the tourism sector. Considering the market approaches, it was decided that the following workshops will be included in the design and innovation center:

1. Technology and Digital Design Workshop: It is planned to create an area to make package designs, digital sales coordination, website-game-application designs of products planned to be sold in Technology and Digital design workshop. Beyond craft-based workshops, this workshop is designed to bring together innovative ideas, technology, and tradition. Especially with the integration of software, this area will especially appeal to young people who can create digital designs. Software and digital designs can be sold both to the region and to different regions upon request. In addition to these functions, the area will be used by Designers as an area to create prototypes. 2. Jewellery Design Workshop: Jewellery is one of the most important values of Şanlıurfa. Apart from precious metals, there is also jewellery made of felt, natural stones, and needlework. Jewellery production is an area where women can also participate in the employment and entrepreneurship ecosystem. The presence of a jewelry design workshop in the design and innovation center will contribute to the creation of new designs. 3. Textile and Weaving Design Workshop: In the Textile and Weaving workshop, the topics that are important for Şanlıurfa and which could affect the rural areas have been selected. In this context; 4. Local Clothing and Weaving: An area will be created for designing traditional clothes, and traditional clothes will be modernized with the contribution of fashion designers. For example, in Şanlıurfa, which was a textile production

39 center before the republic period, there is only one master left who weaves ihram. The sustainability of this production depends on new designs. In this context, similar crafts will be able to use this field. 5. Rugs: Today, rugs are produced only in rural areas. However, while there were hundreds of looms in the past due to traditional production, only 20 looms are functioning today. The production of designs woven in accordance with the traditional texture of Şanlıurfa will contribute to the revival of this craft. 6. Silk Trade: While it was an important line of work in the past, today it is a profession facing extinction, maintained by only one master. The revival of silk trade is possible with the emergence of new designs. 7. Felt: Felt craftsmanship heads for the last roundup with the last master. Felt is a product that can be used in many areas such as lighting and clothing. This craft can be brought to life and original products can be manufactured for tourism purposes. 8. Ceramic and Stone Design Workshop: Ceramic production is carried out only by two craftspeople. Stoneworking is carried out in stone workshops in rural areas. Innovative and modern designs are not available for ceramics and stone products. Adding design to these two production areas will add added value to the products. Hence, it has been included in the design and innovation center to increase the added value of boutique production areas such as ceramics and common production areas such as stoneworking. 9. Urban Design Laboratory: Old Urfa has a very beautiful medieval town design, while the new clamp design center next to it is one of the worst examples of urban planning in Turkey. This unit has been included in order to plan new residential areas in a way to take the traditional design as an example and to bring out new urban design ideas. 10. Glass Design Workshop: Glassware production in Şanlıurfa has ended after the 1st World War. Simple glassware can be produced easily with original designs on blowpipe looms. New original designs can be produced more easily for tourists with glass painting. For this reason, the production of glass and glass design has been included in the Center. 11. In addition to the design workshops, it has been decided to include the following units in the building: 12. Administrative Office: An administrative office unit will be established to manage the design and innovation center. Administrative Office will include Marketing and Promotion, Financial and Administrative Affairs, Quality and Standardization units. 13. Exhibition Area: An exhibition area will be created for the products produced at the Design and Innovation Center. There will be a foyer area in front of the exhibition area. 14. Traditional Product Archive: The center will have an archive and library for traditional products. This library and archive will contain samples of traditional products with printed material and publications about them. 15. Reading and Research Area: Design and Innovation Center will include a Reading and Research Area to enable university students to conduct research on crafts, tourism, design, and innovation. 16. Café : A café will be available in the center to ensure sustainability. The café will serve both the center staff and the visitors. 17. Design Shop: A sales unit will be established where the products produced in the center can be sold. This will contribute to the sustainability of the center. The design of the Center has been realized with a holistic approach in accordance with needs analysis, sustainability principles, maximum added value creation, and functionality principles. The Layout Plan of the Center within the scope of the project is given below:

40 Ground Floor

41 1st Floor

Capacity Analysis And Selection There is a two-storey historical building with a total area of 1,368,52 M2 at the project location. An architectural layout was provided in accordance with the size of the area for the functions to be realized in the design and innovation center. In addition, the following business model has been created for the sustainability of the center.

42 Design Designed by Version Date Design and Innovation Center Business Model ŞURKAV 02 December 1, 2019 Concept

Values Creating Added Value High quality products and services, Good customer services (integrated with quality standards), Culture-oriented Design and handmade products, Historical and Ottoman period ambiance, Proximity to major attractions and easy accessibility, Professional management and monitoring

Key Partners Key Activities Governorate Administration Customer Relations Metropolitan Design and Production Innovative Municipality Dicle Customer Relations Commitment for Long Development Management Customer groups Term Development Agency Event Management Users Certified Quality Provincial Activities National and International Designers Design / uniqueness Directorate of Product Sales Local Craftspeople Culture and Cafe service Entrepreneurs Tourism Development Oriented Organizations Public Education Customers Center ÇATOM Local people (middle and upper income TÜRSAB Channels group) National and International Visitors TÜRSAB District Key Resources Corporate Firms Tour guides Municipalities Financial resources Public Institutions Social media Harran University Management and tourism (Instagram, Twitter, Tourism Sector knowledge Facebook) Representatives Marketing power Creative Industries Social Responsibility Channels

Expenditure items Sources of Income Human resources Cafe Revenues General Management Expenses (Cleaning, Security, Sales of Craft and Design Products Maintenance-Repair) Marketing and Sales Expenses Special events

Analysis Of Alternative Technologies And Selection Of Technology A basic competency and competence module study has been carried out in the craft sector in order to establish the existing product, production processes, and business model within the scientific framework and standards. It is aimed to strengthen the basic operating competencies such as product development, basic technical drawing creation and reading, dimensioning, raw material selection, material knowledge, production techniques, cost calculation, production planning, and quality standards in a scientific framework to increase competitiveness in the market. In line with the field study carried out in this context, it is aimed to analyze the existing skills and inputs, to define the strengths and weaknesses and to determine the concrete targets specific to the craft, and to carry out improvement activities at a basic level. The reasons for unfavorable products and products preferred by the visitors have been examined in accordance with the sustainability principles. In this context, the necessity of a design touch that does not wear out the tradition and which allows visitors to develop experience has emerged. Therefore, the technology chosen has a structure that highlights handwork while allowing industrial design in the background rather than fabricated products.

43 Environmental Impacts, Protection Measures, And Costs Of Selected Technology The technology has been selected in accordance with the restoration project. The area where the restoration project is applied is a historical building and therefore the selected technology remains limited. Stone walls facilitate heat insulation and consume less energy for heating and cooling compared to reinforced concrete structures. Choosing wood materials in the joinery will increase the aesthetic appearance and create a positive environmental impact for the project.

Technical Design The technical design is indicated in the appendix with the application restoration project. In the feasibility, the concept design was studied beyond technical design. A structure that will combine the traditional technology with the craft design has been chosen as the concept design. The technologies used include drawing, design and modeling programs and 3D printers, as well as traditional tools.

Investment Costs A total cost of 2 million TL is envisaged for the conversion of the building into the Design and Innovation Center. AMOUNT PCS / Project Implementation Costs (VAT included) TOTAL M2 Unit Price Renovation and Repair Activities (Electrical, mechanical, and simple repair 1 ₺560.000 ₺560.000 activities) Supply Costs ₺941.000 ₺941.000 Furniture Purchase 1 ₺220.000 ₺220.000 Glass & Sub-Glass Design Workshop Equipment & Material 1 ₺120.000 ₺120.000 Jewelry Design Workshop Equipment & Material 1 ₺20.000 ₺20.000 Stone and Ceramic Workshop Equipment and Material 1 ₺70.000 ₺70.000 Textile and Weaving Workshop Equipment and Material 1 ₺196.000 ₺196.000 Gastronomy / Kitchen Equipment 1 ₺80.000 ₺80.000 Wood Design Workshop Equipment and Materials 1 ₺15.000 ₺15.000 Technology, Digital Design, Computer & Information Equipment 1 ₺200.000 ₺200.000 Software Kit 1 ₺20.000 ₺20.000 Establishment of Certification and Quality Standards System 1 ₺30.000 ₺30.000 Design and Innovation Workshops 1 ₺350.000 ₺350.000 Gastronomy / Culinary Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Weaving Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Rug Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Felt Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Fabric Printing Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Ceramic Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Stone Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Glass Design Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Sub-Glass Design Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Shoes and Accessories Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Jewellery Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Wood Products Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Digital Design Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Urban Design Workshop 1 ₺25.000 ₺25.000 Digital Marketing and Sales System Installation 1 ₺40.000 ₺40.000 Visibility Activities 1 ₺80.000 ₺80.000 Press Launch 1 ₺10.000 ₺10.000 Participation in Maison Objet Fair 1 ₺70.000 ₺70.000 TOTAL EXPENSES ₺2.001.000

44 F. PROJECT INPUTS The input items of the project are divided into fixed and variable costs. According to these items, the cost of restoration and furnishing is calculated as 2 million TL. Variable and operating expenses are calculated based on seasonal sales. Production and sales expenses are calculated based on the products produced. Cafe expenses are excluded as it is aimed to rent the café to a subcontractor. The change in seasonal sales is calculated to represent monthly change based on the Hotel Occupancy rate. Hotel occupancy rate has been calculated in parallel with the seasonal occupancy rate of Şanlıurfa as July and August as Low season (average 40% occupancy) June, December, January, and February are relatively low season (average 55%), March, April, May, September, October, and November are high and relatively high seasons (75-95% occupancy rate).

Seasonal Occupancy Rates 100% 95% 95% 95% 90% 90% 80% 80% 75% 70% 60% 60% 55% 55% 55% 50% 40% 40% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ocak Şubat Mart Nisan Mayıs Haziran Temmuz Ağustos Eylül Ekim Kasım Aralık

In this context, monthly sales targets and production values related to this target are calculated as follows.

Monthly Sales Targets 14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0 ŞUBA MAYI HAZİR TEMM AĞUS EYLÜ KASI ARALI OCAK MART NİSAN EKİM T S AN UZ TOS L M K

SponsoraProduction for Yönelik Sponsors Üretimler 2.500 2.500 2.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 3.000 2.000 3.000 1.000 DiğerOther Store Store Products ürünler 500 500 2.000 4.500 4.500 3.500 500 600 4.500 4.500 2.000 500 OnlineOnline Store Store Products Ürün 500 500 500 600 1.000 500 300 500 500 500 500 500 DesignDesign Store Store Products Ürün 500 500 2.000 4.500 4.500 3.500 500 600 4.500 4.500 2.000 500

Design Store Products Online Store Products Other Store Products Production for Sponsors

According to these calculations, the products to be sold in the building (Design store) and in other tourism areas (such as museums) vary according to the seasonal values of tourism. On the other hand, the productions made for 45 sponsors are generally concentrated in low tourism seasons. They are deduced from online store sales and seasonal values. According to these calculations, monthly sales vary between 4,000 units and 12,500 units, and the annual sales target is calculated as 85,600 units. Variable Costs are calculated in TL base according to monthly sales targets as follows:

Monthly Operating Expenses JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ......

. .

TYPE OF EXPENSE . .

. .

₺29.279 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165 ₺33.165

Staff Expenses

₺14.421 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335 ₺16.335

Staff Insurance Expenses

₺12.500 ₺12.500 ₺50.000 ₺112.500 ₺112.500 ₺87.500 ₺12.500 ₺15.000 ₺112.500 ₺112.500 ₺50.000 ₺12.500

Production Expenses (Design Store)

₺17.500 ₺17.500 ₺17.500 ₺21.000 ₺35.000 ₺17.500 ₺10.500 ₺17.500 ₺17.500 ₺17.500 ₺17.500 ₺17.500

Production Expenses (Online Store)

₺12.500 ₺12.500 ₺50.000 ₺112.500 ₺112.500 ₺87.500 ₺12.500 ₺15.000 ₺112.500 ₺112.500 ₺50.000 ₺12.500

Production Expenses (Other Store)

₺50.000 ₺50.000 ₺40.000 ₺40.000 ₺20.000 ₺20.000 ₺40.000 ₺20.000 ₺60.000 ₺40.000 ₺60.000 ₺20.000

Production Expenses (For Sponsors)

₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500

Advertising and Promotion Expenses

₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300 ₺300

Internet ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000

Software

₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120 ₺120

Water ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500 ₺4.500

Electricity

46 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000

Stationery

₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200 ₺200

Telephone ₺3.500 ₺3.500 ₺3.500 ₺4.200 ₺7.000 ₺3.500 ₺2.100 ₺3.500 ₺3.500 ₺3.500 ₺3.500 ₺3.500

Shipping

₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000

Cleaning

₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500 ₺1.500

Repair and Maintenance

₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000 ₺1.000

Other

₺151.820 ₺157.620 ₺222.620 ₺351.820 ₺348.620 ₺277.620 ₺139.220 ₺132.620 ₺367.620 ₺347.620 ₺242.620 ₺127.620

TOTAL

Personnel expenses, production expenses, advertising and promotion expenses, internet software, water, electricity, cargo, cleaning, maintenance and repair expenses were taken as the main variable expense items. Production expenses are calculated per unit according to the production for design store, online store, the other store, and sponsors. In this calculation, inventory holding cost is not taken into consideration. The costs were calculated by multiplying the average number of production and average production costs. Average production costs have been calculated as: Design Store Products 25 TL Online Store Products 35 TL Other Store Products 25 TL Sponsor Products 20 TL It was calculated as. Utilization of the Investment Incentive Certificate will provide an exemption from SSI shares and corporate tax. Personnel structure and personnel expenses (gross) of the enterprise are as follows:

Total Cost Personnel Requirement Quantity Unit Cost Annual (Monthly) General Manager 1 ₺7.500 ₺7.500 ₺90.000 Marketing and Promotion Manager 1 ₺6.000 ₺6.000 ₺72.000 Sales Personnel 2 ₺3.200 ₺6.400 ₺76.800 Design Manager 1 ₺6.000 ₺6.000 ₺72.000 Financial and Administrative Affairs Manager 1 ₺5.000 ₺5.000 ₺60.000 Security 2 ₺3.200 ₺6.400 ₺76.800 Warehouse and Inventory Staff 1 ₺3.200 ₺3.200 ₺38.400 47 Cleaning Staff 1 ₺3.200 ₺3.200 ₺38.400 Total 10 ₺43.700 ₺524.400

The organizational structure of the enterprise will be as follows. Since the café unit of the center will be given to the sub-contractor, no personnel will be employed in this unit. Currently, it is envisaged to operate the center with 10 personnel.

General Manager

Financial and Marketing and Administrative Affairs Design Manager Promotion Manager Manager

Sales Personnel Security

Cleaning staff

Warehouse and Inventory Personnel

Revenues of the building will be realized through product sales, rental, and exhibition works. Monthly operating income will be based on the following unit price forecast: Design Store Products ₺60 Online Store Products ₺75 Other Store Products ₺50 Sponsor Products ₺40

In this context, monthly operating income prepared in accordance with monthly sales variables is presented below. Operating revenues are predicted to be fixed in cafe and exhibition revenues, and monthly incomes will decrease to 151,500 TL in August in low tourism season and may reach up to 628,000 TL in April in high tourism season. After deduction of expenses and corporate tax from the income, the Company is predicted to have a monthly profit of 115,000 TL :

48 Monthly Operating Income INCOME TYPE OF Revenues Sales Store Design Revenues Sales Store Online Sales Store Other Sponsors for Production of Revenues Income Rental Restaurant / Cafe Revenues Exhibition TOTAL (GROSS) DIFFERENCE EXPENSE INCOME/ INCOME TYPE OF

JAN. ₺30.000 ₺37.500 ₺25.000 ₺100.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺200.500 ₺48.680 ₺38.944

FEB. ₺30.000 ₺37.500 ₺25.000 ₺100.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺200.500 ₺42.880 ₺34.304

MAR. ₺120.000 ₺37.500 ₺100.000 ₺80.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺345.500 ₺122.880 ₺98.304

APR. ₺270.000 ₺45.000 ₺225.000 ₺80.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺628.000 ₺276.180 ₺220.944

MAY ₺270.000 ₺75.000 ₺225.000 ₺40.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺618.000 ₺269.380 ₺215.504

JUN. ₺210.000 ₺37.500 ₺175.000 ₺40.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺470.500 ₺192.880 ₺154.304

JUL. ₺30.000 ₺22.500 ₺25.000 ₺80.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺165.500 ₺26.280 ₺21.024

AUG. ₺36.000 ₺37.500 ₺30.000 ₺40.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺151.500 ₺18.880 ₺15.104

SEP. ₺270.000 ₺37.500 ₺225.000 ₺120.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺660.500 ₺292.880 ₺234.304

OCT. ₺270.000 ₺37.500 ₺225.000 ₺80.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺620.500 ₺272.880 ₺218.304

NOV. ₺120.000 ₺37.500 ₺100.000 ₺120.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺385.500 ₺142.880 ₺114.304

DEC. ₺30.000 ₺37.500 ₺25.000 ₺40.000 ₺6.000 ₺2.000 ₺140.500 ₺12.880 ₺10.304

The building is expected to become a design and innovation center after 2 years. In this context; The 3rd year stands out as the first year of transition to operation. The increase in demand for tourism and the increase in annual sales targets are expected to be as follows: Annual Sales Growth Rate 12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0% .Yıl 4. Yıl 5. Yıl 6. Yıl 7. Yıl 8. Yıl 9. Yıl 10. Yıl 11. Yıl 12. Yıl 13. Yıl 14. Yıl 15. Yıl 16. Yıl 17. Yıl 18. Yıl 19. Yıl 20. Yıl 21. Yıl 22.

With the increased recognition after the 3rd year, which is the first operating year of the annual sales, it is aimed to increase 10% in the 4th year and 5% in the 5th year. The sales are projected to increase by 2% annually starting from the 6th year. Operating income and expense projections prepared in accordance with the above forecasts are given below. 49 Annual Operating Expenses 3rd Year 3rd year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year 11th Year 12th Year 13th 14th Year 15th Year 16th Year 17th Year 18th Year 19th Year 20th 21. 22. Yıl Yıl Year

TYPE OF EXPENSE

₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094 ₺394.094

Staff Expenses

₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106 ₺194.106

Staff Insurance Expenses

₺702.500 ₺772.750 ₺811.388 ₺827.615 ₺844.168 ₺861.051 ₺878.272 ₺895.837 ₺913.754 ₺932.029 ₺950.670 ₺969.683 ₺989.077 ₺1.008.858 ₺1.029.036 ₺1.049.616 ₺1.070.609 ₺1.092.021 ₺1.113.861 ₺1.136.138

Production Expenses (Design

Store)

₺224.000 ₺246.400 ₺258.720 ₺263.894 ₺269.172 ₺274.556 ₺280.047 ₺285.648 ₺291.361 ₺297.188 ₺303.132 ₺309.194 ₺315.378 ₺321.686 ₺328.120 ₺334.682 ₺341.376 ₺348.203 ₺355.167 ₺362.270

Production Expenses (Online

Store) ₺702.500 ₺772.750 ₺811.388 ₺827.615 ₺844.168 ₺861.051 ₺878.272 ₺895.837 ₺913.754 ₺932.029 ₺950.670 ₺969.683 ₺989.077 ₺1.008.858 ₺1.029.036 ₺1.049.616 ₺1.070.609 ₺1.092.021 ₺1.113.861 ₺1.136.138

Production Expenses (Other Store)

₺460.000 ₺506.000 ₺531.300 ₺541.926 ₺552.765 ₺563.820 ₺575.096 ₺586.598 ₺598.330 ₺610.297 ₺622.503 ₺634.953 ₺647.652 ₺660.605 ₺673.817 ₺687.293 ₺701.039 ₺715.060 ₺729.361 ₺743.948

Production Expenses (for

Sponsors) ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000

Advertising and Promotion Expenses ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600 ₺3.600

Internet

50 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000

Software ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440 ₺1.440

Water ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000 ₺54.000

Electricity ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000

Stationery ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400 ₺2.400

Telephone ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800 ₺44.800

Shipping ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000

Cleaning ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000 ₺18.000

Repair and Maintenance ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000 ₺12.000

Other ₺2.867.440 ₺3.076.340 ₺3.191.235 ₺3.239.491 ₺3.288.712 ₺3.338.917 ₺3.390.127 ₺3.442.361 ₺3.495.639 ₺3.549.983 ₺3.605.414 ₺3.661.953 ₺3.719.624 ₺3.778.447 ₺3.838.447 ₺3.899.648 ₺3.962.072 ₺4.025.744 ₺4.090.690 ₺4.156.935

TOTAL

51 Annual Operating Income 3rd Year 3rd year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year 11th Year 12th Year 13th Year 14th Year 15th Year 16th Year 17th Year 18th Year 19th Year 20th 21. 22. Yıl Yıl

TYPE OF INCOME

₺1.686.000 ₺1.854.600 ₺1.947.330 ₺1.986.277 ₺2.026.002 ₺2.066.522 ₺2.107.853 ₺2.150.010 ₺2.193.010 ₺2.236.870 ₺2.281.607 ₺2.327.240 ₺2.373.784 ₺2.421.260 ₺2.469.685 ₺2.519.079 ₺2.569.461 ₺2.620.850 ₺2.673.267 ₺2.726.732

Design Store Sales Revenues

₺480.000 ₺528.000 ₺554.400 ₺565.488 ₺576.798 ₺588.334 ₺600.100 ₺612.102 ₺624.344 ₺636.831 ₺649.568 ₺662.559 ₺675.811 ₺689.327 ₺703.113 ₺717.176 ₺731.519 ₺746.149 ₺761.072 ₺776.294

Online Store Sales Revenues

₺1.405.000 ₺1.545.500 ₺1.622.775 ₺1.655.231 ₺1.688.335 ₺1.722.102 ₺1.756.544 ₺1.791.675 ₺1.827.508 ₺1.864.058 ₺1.901.340 ₺1.939.366 ₺1.978.154 ₺2.017.717 ₺2.058.071 ₺2.099.232 ₺2.141.217 ₺2.184.041 ₺2.227.722 ₺2.272.277

Other Store Sales

₺920.000 ₺1.012.000 ₺1.062.600 ₺1.083.852 ₺1.105.529 ₺1.127.640 ₺1.150.192 ₺1.173.196 ₺1.196.660 ₺1.220.593 ₺1.245.005 ₺1.269.905 ₺1.295.303 ₺1.321.210 ₺1.347.634 ₺1.374.586 ₺1.402.078 ₺1.430.120 ₺1.458.722 ₺1.487.897

Revenues of Production for

Sponsors

₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000 ₺72.000

Cafe / Restaurant Rental Income ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000 ₺24.000

Exhibition Revenues ₺4.587.000 ₺5.036.100 ₺5.283.105 ₺5.386.847 ₺5.492.664 ₺5.600.597 ₺5.710.689 ₺5.822.983 ₺5.937.523 ₺6.054.353 ₺6.173.520 ₺6.295.071 ₺6.419.052 ₺6.545.513 ₺6.674.503 ₺6.806.073 ₺6.940.275 ₺7.077.160 ₺7.216.784 ₺7.359.199

TOTAL

₺1.719.560 ₺1.959.760 ₺2.091.870 ₺2.147.356 ₺2.203.952 ₺2.261.680 ₺2.320.562 ₺2.380.622 ₺2.441.884 ₺2.504.370 ₺2.568.106 ₺2.633.117 ₺2.699.428 ₺2.767.066 ₺2.836.056 ₺2.906.426 ₺2.978.203 ₺3.051.416 ₺3.126.093 ₺3.202.264

INCOME / EXPENSE DIFFERENCE (GROSS)

₺1.375.648 ₺1.567.808 ₺1.673.496 ₺1.717.885 ₺1.763.162 ₺1.809.344 ₺1.856.450 ₺1.904.498 ₺1.953.507 ₺2.003.496 ₺2.054.485 ₺2.106.494 ₺2.159.543 ₺2.213.653 ₺2.268.845 ₺2.325.141 ₺2.382.563 ₺2.441.133 ₺2.500.874 ₺2.561.811

NET PROFIT AFTER TAX

52 It is expected that the entity will make an operating expense of TL 2,867,440 in the first year after it has started operation. In order to spend the first year with fixed investment, a resource of approximately TL 4.8 million is required. The company is expected to obtain TL 4,587,000 in the first year. Without an Incentive Certificate, the profit-loss and investment return of the operation is as follows: YEAR

Expense Income In. Factor BND COSTS BND REVENUES Net BND (P-C) GÖS

1 ₺600.300 ₺0 0,893 ₺535.982 ₺0 -₺535.982 -₺21.721.006 2 ₺1.400.700 ₺0 0,797 ₺1.116.629 ₺0 -₺1.116.629 -₺21.721.006 3 ₺2.867.440 ₺4.587.000 0,712 ₺2.040.987 ₺3.264.936 ₺1.223.949 -₺18.456.070 4 ₺3.076.340 ₺5.036.100 0,636 ₺1.955.070 ₺3.200.533 ₺1.245.463 -₺15.255.537 5 ₺3.191.235 ₺5.283.105 0,567 ₺1.810.792 ₺2.997.776 ₺1.186.983 -₺12.257.761 6 ₺3.239.491 ₺5.386.847 0,507 ₺1.641.227 ₺2.729.144 ₺1.087.917 -₺9.528.617 7 ₺3.288.712 ₺5.492.664 0,452 ₺1.487.646 ₺2.484.602 ₺996.956 -₺7.044.015 8 ₺3.338.917 ₺5.600.597 0,404 ₺1.348.533 ₺2.261.987 ₺913.455 -₺4.782.027 9 ₺3.390.127 ₺5.710.689 0,361 ₺1.222.514 ₺2.059.332 ₺836.818 -₺2.722.696 10 ₺3.442.361 ₺5.822.983 0,322 ₺1.108.348 ₺1.874.845 ₺766.497 -₺847.851 11 ₺3.495.639 ₺5.937.523 0,287 ₺1.004.913 ₺1.706.896 ₺701.983 ₺859.045 12 ₺3.549.983 ₺6.054.353 0,257 ₺911.192 ₺1.554.002 ₺642.809 ₺2.413.047 13 ₺3.605.414 ₺6.173.520 0,229 ₺826.268 ₺1.414.811 ₺588.544 ₺3.827.858 14 ₺3.661.953 ₺6.295.071 0,205 ₺749.308 ₺1.288.096 ₺538.788 ₺5.115.954 15 ₺3.719.624 ₺6.419.052 0,183 ₺679.561 ₺1.172.737 ₺493.175 ₺6.288.691 16 ₺3.778.447 ₺6.545.513 0,163 ₺616.347 ₺1.067.715 ₺451.368 ₺7.356.406 17 ₺3.838.447 ₺6.674.503 0,146 ₺559.048 ₺972.104 ₺413.055 ₺8.328.510 18 ₺3.899.648 ₺6.806.073 0,130 ₺507.109 ₺885.059 ₺377.950 ₺9.213.569 19 ₺3.962.072 ₺6.940.275 0,116 ₺460.023 ₺805.813 ₺345.790 ₺10.019.382 20 ₺4.025.744 ₺7.077.160 0,104 ₺417.336 ₺733.666 ₺316.330 ₺10.753.048 21 ₺4.090.690 ₺7.216.784 0,093 ₺378.633 ₺667.983 ₺289.350 ₺11.421.031 22 ₺4.156.935 ₺7.359.199 0,083 ₺343.540 ₺608.183 ₺264.643 ₺12.029.213

Expenses BND Total ₺21.721.006 Revenues BND Total ₺33.750.219 PROJECT BND ₺12.029.213 PROJECT P / C Ratio 1,55 Internal Profitability Rate (IPR) 9,45 Reduction Ratio (%) 12,00 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Break-even Point % For the increase in costs 55,38 For the reduction in revenue 35,64

When the discount rate is taken as 12%, i lower limit is 9.4 and i upper limit is 9.5, it is expected that the investment without incentive certificate will return to the enterprise within 9 years as of the transition. For sensitivity analysis, 55.38% increase in costs and 35.64% decrease in revenues were predicted. In case of investment incentive certificate, the following subsidies can be obtained by benefiting from the 6th Region incentives (Since all the equipment is assumed to be purchased domestically, customs tax exemption and interest support are excluded as equity capital is used.) According to this calculation, the amount of support to be collected is $ 7.117.097. Due to VAT, Tax and SSI exemptions, the capital amount required for the investment year and the 1st year of the enterprise (11.600.000-540.000 (VAT exception) - 157.710 (First Year SSI Exemption) - 268.245 (Corporate Tax Exemption)) is around $ 10.6 million. Investment incentive certificate is an important element especially for the need for equity:

53 Incentive Subject: Amount Approximate TL

VAT Exemption (calculated from 18%): 169.380 SSI Employee and Employer (10 Years, for 85 workers) 1.066.860 Corporate Tax Exemption (YKO: 50%, VIO: 90%) 1.000.500 Total Incentive Amount 2.236.740

In case of receiving an Incentive Certificate, the following table is realized. Accordingly, not paying 18% VAT causes cost reduction in furnishing part of the fixed investment amount. SSI employees, employers, and withholding exemption create an income effect within 10 years of starting the operation and the corporate tax exemption to be used creates an income effect for 3 years after the start of the investment. In this context, operating profitability changes as follows: YEAR

Expense Income In. Factor BND COSTS BND REVENUES Net BND (P-C) GÖS

1 ₺557.237 ₺0 0,893 ₺497.533 ₺0 -₺497.533 -₺20.446.633 2 ₺1.300.220 ₺0 0,797 ₺1.036.528 ₺0 -₺1.036.528 -₺20.446.633 3 ₺2.673.334 ₺4.969.733 0,712 ₺1.902.826 ₺3.537.358 ₺1.634.532 -₺16.909.275 4 ₺2.882.234 ₺5.466.873 0,636 ₺1.831.712 ₺3.474.297 ₺1.642.585 -₺13.434.978 5 ₺2.997.129 ₺5.470.098 0,567 ₺1.700.651 ₺3.103.881 ₺1.403.229 -₺10.331.097 6 ₺3.045.385 ₺5.386.847 0,507 ₺1.542.887 ₺2.729.144 ₺1.186.258 -₺7.601.953 7 ₺3.094.606 ₺5.492.664 0,452 ₺1.399.843 ₺2.484.602 ₺1.084.760 -₺5.117.351 8 ₺3.144.811 ₺5.600.597 0,404 ₺1.270.137 ₺2.261.987 ₺991.851 -₺2.855.363 9 ₺3.196.021 ₺5.710.689 0,361 ₺1.152.517 ₺2.059.332 ₺906.815 -₺796.032 10 ₺3.248.255 ₺5.822.983 0,322 ₺1.045.851 ₺1.874.845 ₺828.994 ₺1.078.813 11 ₺3.301.533 ₺5.937.523 0,287 ₺949.112 ₺1.706.896 ₺757.784 ₺2.785.709 12 ₺3.355.877 ₺6.054.353 0,257 ₺861.370 ₺1.554.002 ₺692.632 ₺4.339.711 13 ₺3.411.308 ₺6.173.520 0,229 ₺781.784 ₺1.414.811 ₺633.028 ₺5.754.522 14 ₺3.467.847 ₺6.295.071 0,205 ₺709.590 ₺1.288.096 ₺578.506 ₺7.042.618 15 ₺3.525.518 ₺6.419.052 0,183 ₺644.099 ₺1.172.737 ₺528.638 ₺8.215.355 16 ₺3.584.341 ₺6.545.513 0,163 ₺584.684 ₺1.067.715 ₺483.031 ₺9.283.070 17 ₺3.644.341 ₺6.674.503 0,146 ₺530.778 ₺972.104 ₺441.326 ₺10.255.174 18 ₺3.705.542 ₺6.806.073 0,130 ₺481.867 ₺885.059 ₺403.192 ₺11.140.233 19 ₺3.767.966 ₺6.940.275 0,116 ₺437.486 ₺805.813 ₺368.327 ₺11.946.046 20 ₺3.831.638 ₺7.077.160 0,104 ₺397.214 ₺733.666 ₺336.453 ₺12.679.712 21 ₺3.896.584 ₺7.216.784 0,093 ₺360.666 ₺667.983 ₺307.316 ₺13.347.695 22 ₺3.962.829 ₺7.359.199 0,083 ₺327.498 ₺608.183 ₺280.685 ₺13.955.877 Expenses BND Total ₺20.446.633 Revenues BND Total ₺34.402.510 PROJECT BND ₺13.955.877 PROJECT P / C Ratio 1,68 Internal Profitability Rate (IPR) 9,45 Reduction Ratio (%) 12,00 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Break-even Point % For the increase in costs 68,26 For the reduction in revenue 40,57 The return period of the project is shortened by 1 year with incentives and the company can return the investment made within the 8th year. The PC Ratio of the project increases to 1.68. In this context, the attractiveness of the project is increasing with the incentive system. Project sensitivity analysis improves and attraction is 68.26 for cost increases or 40.51% for a decrease in revenues. 54 G. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE It is aimed to implement the project with the following business plan:

Şanlıurfa Design and Innovation Center Project Implementation Schedule 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Activities

Establishing the Project Team Realization of Simple Repair Activities Carrying out the procurement tender required for restoration/ simple repair Restoration/Simple Repair (Including Electrical and Mechanical Applications) Supervisory Activities Procurement and Purchasing Activities Furniture Purchase (Tender and Purchase) Glass & Sub-Glass Design Workshop Equipment & Material Jewelry Design Workshop Equipment & Material Stone and Ceramic Workshop Equipment and Material Textile and Weaving Workshop Equipment and Material Shoes and Accessories Workequipment and Materials Wood Design Workshop Equipment and Materials Technology and Digital Design

55 Workshop Equipment Computer and Information Equipment Personnel Procurement Activities General Manager Marketing and Promotion Unit Sales Personnel Design Manager Financial and Administrative Affairs Unit Security Warehouse and Inventory Staff Cleaning Staff Training and Technical Support Activities Digital Marketing and Sales System Installation Establishment of Certification and Quality Standards System Gastronomy / Culinary Workshop Weaving Workshop Rug Workshop Felt Workshop Fabric Printing Workshop Ceramic Workshop Stone Workshop Glass Design Workshop Sub-Glass Design Workshop Shoes and Accessories Workshop Jewellery Workshop Wood Products Workshop 56 Digital Design Workshop Urban Design Workshop Visibility Activities Press Launch Participation in Maison Objet Fair

H. REGIONAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS Regional, Social, Cultural and Environmental Benefits are listed as follows.

Regional Benefits The design and innovation center where the craft and design meet within the destination will have many effects for the development of the region: Transformation of the cultural island into a boutique hotel will have a lot of impact on the development of the region: Developing the region's tourism-oriented products and increasing the added value of tourism , Providing new market opportunities for local products produced in the region, preventing demand contractions due to security problems, Updating local products to meet global and modern market needs Improving the Tourism Perception of the Region: With the presentation of local products produced by craft-design meeting within the destination, the perception of quality in the destination will increase distinctly from other provinces. The low quality perception due to cheap products produced in China will change and a positive perception of tourism in the region will be developed. Regional Development: With the opening of the center, a total of 10 people are planned to be employed and at least 50 craftsmen will benefit. A total of 378 people will be positively affected and generate income in Şanlıurfa, where the household population ratio is 6.3 according to the 2018 ADNSK. In addition, it will create an income effect of TL 4.6 million thanks to visitors.

Social And Cultural Benefits Socio-cultural benefits of the project will be as follows: Ensuring the continuity of crafts that are about to disappear in Şanlıurfa to meet the needs and demands of the modern world by bringing design and innovation together, Ensuring the development of culture, design, creativity, and innovation in the region, Ensuring quality and production standardization in craft products and ensuring that regional products are protected against unfair competition, Developing the economic added value of crafts and developing the entrepreneurial infrastructure for women and young people in the region,

Environmental Benefits The project does not have environmental risks, on the contrary, the dormant building will be used with the introduction of old green and environmentally friendly buildings to tourism. Due to the products produced locally, products with lower carbon footprint compared to products brought from distant countries will be introduced to the market.

57 İ. RISK ANALYSIS In the economic life of the project, the most important risk that can affect the project is the further destabilization of Syria and Iraq. Further political instability in Iraq and Syria will greatly damage tourism in the region, leading to significant reductions in the number of visitors, and will affect the project's sales projections. In response to this risk, the sustainability of the area has been tried to be ensured even if the tourism visitor density has decreased by determining online and other sales areas... In addition, the declining power of terrorist organizations such as DAESH and PYD/YPG in Iraq and Syria, and the fact that the two countries are moving towards stability in the medium term reduce this risk. The best example of this is that the tourism sector tended to recover in 2017 and achieved a very high rate of increase in 2018, and this increase continued in 2019 with an increasing acceleration. Another factor that reduces this risk is the increasing trend of Şanlıurfa's Business Tourism with its demographic and economic structure. OIZ investments and being located in the 6th Region make Şanlıurfa the most attractive investment place . The fact that business tourism is developing along with cultural tourism makes the project resistant to the risks of demand in the economic life of the project. The addition of Göbeklitepe, Nemrut National Park and Diyarbakır Walls and Hevsel Gardens to the UNESCO World Heritage List increases the demand for foreign visitors to Şanlıurfa and nearby destinations. This increase also contributes to gastronomy, faith and cultural activities in Mardin, Gaziantep and Hatay. In addition to this, it is predicted that the increase in demand will continue with the application to UNESCO creative cities - Music, Tourism Capital of the Islamic World, UNESCO Geopark and Harran UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List envisaged in the 2023 Tourism Master Plan of Şanlıurfa. The fact that Şanlıurfa is one of the indispensable destinations on the GAP tourism axis will lead to a reduction in risk by providing a demand-oriented increase.

58 59 THE GESEM TRANSFORMATION INTO DESIGN AND INNOVATION CENTER FEASIBILITY

ŞANLIURFA PROVINCE EDUCATION, CULTURE, ART AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION Address : Yusuf Paşa Mah. 886. Sk. No:27 Eyyübiye / Şanlıurfa Phone : (0414) 215 65 27 - (0414) 215 82 00 Fax : (0414) 216 89 02 E-Mail : [email protected]

The Şanlıurfa Province Education, Culture, Art and Research Foundation is responsible for the content of this book. It cannot be considered that it reflects the opinion or attitude of the Ministry of Industry and Technology or the Karacadağ Development Agency.