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Lolium Perenne, Lolium Multiflorum, Festuca Pratensis Und Trifolium

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Lolium Perenne, Lolium Multiflorum, Festuca Pratensis Und Trifolium TEXTE Texte Biologische Basisdaten zu Lolium perenne, 08 Lolium multiflorum, 02 Festuca pratensis und ISSN Trifolium repens 0722-186X von Dr. rer. nat. Urte Lenuweit Dipl.-Biol. Bahram Gharadjedaghi unter Mitarbeit von Dipl.-Geoökol. Michael Süßer Dr. Katrin Schöps Dr. Jan Blew Silvia Ridder GFN – Gesellschaft für Freilandökologie und Naturschutzplanung mbH, Bayreuth Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes UMWELTBUNDESAMT Diese TEXTE-Veröffentlichung kann bezogen werden bei Vorauszahlung von 10,00 € durch Post- bzw. Banküberweisung, Verrechnungsscheck oder Zahlkarte auf das Konto Nummer 4327 65 - 104 bei der Postbank Berlin (BLZ 10010010) Fa. Werbung und Vertrieb, Ahornstraße 1-2, 10787 Berlin Parallel zur Überweisung richten Sie bitte eine schriftliche Bestellung mit Nennung der Texte-Nummer sowie des Namens und der Anschrift des Bestellers an die Firma Werbung und Vertrieb. Der Herausgeber übernimmt keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit, die Genauigkeit und Vollständigkeit der Angaben sowie für die Beachtung privater Rechte Dritter. Die in dem Bericht geäußerten Ansichten und Meinungen müssen nicht mit denen des Herausgebers übereinstimmen. Herausgeber: Umweltbundesamt Postfach 33 00 22 14191 Berlin Tel.: 030/8903-0 Telex: 183 756 Telefax: 030/8903 2285 Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de Redaktion: Fachgebiet IV 2.5 Dr. Claudia Golz Berlin, April 2002 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Lolium perenne................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Herkunft, Verbreitung, Vorkommen ............................................................................................1 1.2. Taxonomie der Art und der mit ihr kreuzbaren Arten ..................................................................3 1.3. Genetische Charakteristika und Variabilität, Inhaltsstoffe ...........................................................6 1.4. Morphologie, Generationsdauer und Überlebensstrategie..........................................................12 1.5. Blütenbiologie.............................................................................................................................14 1.6. Reinhaltung der Sorten, Isolationsmaßnahmen und –distanzen .................................................15 1.7. Kreuzungsmöglichkeiten und Hybridzüchtung mit Lolium perenne..........................................17 1.7.1. Züchtungsziele...................................................................................................................17 1.7.2. Sexuelle Hybridisierung ....................................................................................................17 1.7.3. Somatische Hybridisierung................................................................................................21 1.7.4. Gentechnische Arbeiten.....................................................................................................21 1.8. Verwendung, Anbaubedingungen, Standortansprüche...............................................................24 1.8.1. Böden, Klima, Nährstoffbedarf .........................................................................................24 1.8.2. Verwendung als Futtergras ................................................................................................25 1.8.3. Verwendung in Rasen........................................................................................................28 1.8.4. Sonstige Verwendung........................................................................................................29 1.9. Tiere, die sich von der Art ernähren ...........................................................................................29 1.10. Pathogene und Symbionten ......................................................................................................29 1.11. Ansprechpartner, die mit der Art wissenschaftlich oder züchterisch arbeiten..........................33 1.12. Literatur ....................................................................................................................................34 2. Lolium multiflorum........................................................................................................................46 2.1. Herkunft, Verbreitung und Vorkommen ....................................................................................47 2.2. Taxonomie der Art und der mit ihr kreuzbaren Arten ................................................................47 2.3. Genetische Charakteristika und Variabilität, Inhaltsstoffe .........................................................51 2.4. Morphologie , Generationsdauer und Überlebensstrategie.........................................................55 2.5. Blütenbiologie.............................................................................................................................57 2.6. Reinhaltung der Sorten, Isolationsmaßnahmen und –distanzen .................................................57 2.7. Kreuzungsmöglichkeiten und Hybridzüchtung mit Lolium multiflorum....................................59 2.7.1. Züchtungsziele...................................................................................................................59 2.7.2. Sexuelle Hybridisierung ....................................................................................................60 2.7.3. Somatische Hybridisierung................................................................................................64 2.7.4. Gentechnische Arbeiten.....................................................................................................64 2.8. Verwendung, Anbaubedingungen, Standortansprüche...............................................................67 2.8.1. Böden, Klima, Nährstoffbedarf .........................................................................................67 2.8.2. Verwendung als Futtergras ................................................................................................67 2.8.3. Sonstige Verwendung........................................................................................................71 2.9. Tiere, die sich von der Art ernähren ...........................................................................................71 2.10. Pathogene und Symbionten ......................................................................................................72 2.11. Ansprechpartner, die mit der Art wissenschaftlich oder züchterisch arbeiten..........................74 2.12. Literatur ....................................................................................................................................75 3. Festuca pratensis...........................................................................................................................85 3.1. Herkunft, Verbreitung, Vorkommen ..........................................................................................85 3.2. Taxonomie der Art und der mit ihr kreuzbaren Arten ................................................................86 3.3. Genetische Charakteristika und Variabilität, Inhaltsstoffe .........................................................89 3.4. Morphologie, Generationsdauer und Überlebensstrategie..........................................................91 3.5. Blütenbiologie.............................................................................................................................93 3.6. Reinhaltung der Sorten, Isolationsmaßnahmen und –distanzen .................................................94 3.7. Kreuzungsmöglichkeiten und Hybridzüchtung mit Festuca pratensis.......................................95 3.7.1. Züchtungsziele...................................................................................................................95 3.7.2. Sexuelle Hybridisierung ....................................................................................................96 3.7.3. Somatische Hybridisierung................................................................................................99 3.7.4. Gentechnische Arbeiten.....................................................................................................99 3.8. Verwendung, Anbaubedingungen, Standortansprüche.............................................................100 3.8.1. Böden, Klima, Nährstoffbedarf .......................................................................................100 3.8.2. Verwendung als Futtergras ..............................................................................................100 3.8.3. Sonstige Verwendung......................................................................................................102 3.9. Tiere, die sich von der Art ernähren .........................................................................................103 3.10. Pathogene und Symbionten ....................................................................................................103 3.11. Ansprechpartner, die mit der Art wissenschaftlich oder züchterisch arbeiten........................105 3.12. Literatur ..................................................................................................................................106 4. Trifolium repens ..........................................................................................................................113 4.1. Herkunft, Verbreitung, Vorkommen ........................................................................................113 4.2. Taxonomie der Art
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