District Profile Barmer, Rajasthan

Home , Balotra, Barmer district, Chohtan, Dhanau, Dhorimana, Samdari

Barmer is located in the western part of the state and it also forms a part of Thar Desert. The main river of the district is Luni which flows 480 km in length and meets at Gulf of Kutch flowing through Jalor. It shares borders with Jaisalmer in the north, Pali and Jodhpur in the east, Jalor in the south and Pakistan in the west. DEMOGRAPHY As per Census 2011, the total population of Barmer is 2603751. The percentage of urban population in Barmer is 6.98 percent, which is lower than the state average of 27.63 percent. Out of the total population there are 1256257 males and 1122201 females in the district. This gives a sex ratio of 902 females per 1000 males. The decadal growth rate of population in Rajasthan is 32.51 percent, while Barmer reports a 32.51 percent of decadal increase in the population. The district population density is 92 in 2011. The Scheduled Caste population in the district is 16.76 percent while Scheduled Tribe comprises 6.76 percent of the population.

LITERACY The overall literacy rate of district is 56.53 percent while the male & female literacy rate is 70.86 and 40.63 percent respectively. At the block level, a con- siderable variation is noticeable in male-female literacy rate. Barmer block has the highest male literacy rate of 78.23 percent and female literacy rate of 48.86 percent. Similarly, the lowest male and female literacy rate is found in Chohtan block, 59.9 percent and 31 percent respectively.

Source: Census 2011

A significant difference is notable in the literacy rate of rural and urban Barmer. Rural Barmer has a literacy rate of 54.79 percent while the same in urban areas is 78.22 percent. A closer look at block level data reveals that literacy rate in rural areas lag behind the literacy rate of urban areas. Chohtan has the lowest literacy rate of 46.32 percent in rural areas. Barmer block has 58 percent of rural literacy and 80 percent of urban literacy.

Source: Census 2011 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

Source: Barmer District Human Development Report 2009, GOI

The chart provides the per capita income at current price for three consecutive years and it appears that the per capita income (PCI) of Barmer has increased from 8932 in 2002-03 to 13875 in 2003-04. Again it got reduced to 10594 in the year 2004-05. As per HDR 2009, NDDP of Barmer is 259338 under which agricul- ture and allied services contributes the largest share, followed by manufacturing sector , transport & communication and then other services.

The percentage of main workers in the total workforce in Barmer is 61.65 per- In terms of work participation rate Work Participation Rate cent which is significantly more than the State main workers (70.46 percent) (WPR) in the district, the male WPR is as per Census 2011. 50.86 percent whereas for female it is Male Female

41.00 percent. Barmer (D) 50.86% 41.00% Among the four categories, Cultivators alone form about 62.73 percent of all workers while agricultural labourers forms 11.04 percent. The catchall Male WPR is highest in Baytoo (51.77 Sheo 48.73% 39.31% category ‘Other Workers’ form about 23.70 percent of the entire working percent) and female WPR is highest in Baytoo 51.77% 50.96% population of the district. Apart from these, household workers includes 2.54 Baytoo (50.96 percent) as well. Pachpadra 49.85% 34.27% percent of It includes forms of employment in secondary and tertiary sector. Male WPR is the lowest in Sheo (48.73 It shows that Majority of the workforce are engaged in agricultural labour. Siwana 50.40% 35.79% percent) and female WPR is lowest in Barmer block (32.41 percent). Gudha Malani 50.71% 45.99% Barmer 51.72% 32.41%

Ramsar 50.58% 48.08% Chohtan 52.10% 45.67% Source: Census 2011 Cultivators Agricultural Labourer Household Workers Other Workers 62.73 percent 11.04 percent 2.54 percent 23.70 percent Source: Census 2011 BASIC AMENITIES & HEALTH

As per NFHS IV, in Rajasthan there is just 45 percent of household Barmer Rajasthan have improved sanitation, while the figure Barmer is even less than Household (percent) with improved sanitation the state average as it has just 20 percent of households with im- 20.2 45.0 proved sanitation. The same source suggests that only 14.7 percent Household (percent) with clean fuel for cooking 14.7 31.8 of household in Barmer and 29.6 percent of household in state use clean fuel for cooking. Apart from sanitation facility and clean fuel, Household (percent) with improved drinking 70.1 85.5 20.2 percent of household have improved drinking water source in water source

Barmer. It also provides data that only 65.6 percent of household Household (percent) with electricity 65.6 91.0 have electricity in Barmer while 91 percent of household in the state Source: NFHS IV, 2015-16

In terms of health facilities, besides a district hospital, there is a network of sub- health centres (SHCS/Sub-HCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Communi- ty Health Centres (CHCs) across the district. CHCs have the highest spread, followed by PHCs and then sub- health centres. Hence, CHCs and PHCs cater to a higher proportion of population than sub- health centres. The Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care sys- tem and the community. There is a PHC for 6 Sub-Centres while CHCs act as a referral unit for 4 PHCs. Health Facilities Covered Institutional Births

The overall percentage of institutional births recorded in Barmer and Raja- sthan varies moderately. In Barmer, 84.3 percent institutional births are rec- No. of Community Health Centre 22 571 orded and in the state it is 96.9 percent. However, institutional birth record rate in public healthcare units in Barmer is 86.8 percent and it is 76.9 per- No. of Primary Health Centre 93 2080 cent in Rajasthan. Rajasthan Barmer No. of Sub Health Centre 764 14408 Institutional Births Institutional Births (to Total Reported Deliveries) (to Total Reported Deliveries) Barmer Rajasthan (percent) (percent) Source: Rural Health Statistics 2016 Total— 84.3 Total— 96.9 Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Ratio Institutional Births in Public Institutional Births in Public Barmer 70# Barmer 222 Facilities (percent) Facilities (percent)

Total— 76.9 Rajasthan 46* Rajasthan 208 Total— 86.8

Source: HMIS 2016-17 Source: #AHS 2012-13; *SRS 2016 Source: AHS 2012-13 EDUCATIONAL STATUS — DISTRICT (Government Schools include schools administered under Central Government, Local Bodies, Tribal and Social Welfare Department and Department of Education)

Barmer has 4843 Govt. schools, of which 4835 are till elementary grade. The district has 367 contractual teachers. Out of total Govt. schools in Barmer, 1083 elementary schools have Anganwadi Centres. In other words, total 22.36 percent of government schools have AWCs. In Barmer, a typical school has 3.18 teachers on average at elementary to higher secondary grade, while it is approximately 3.2 teachers at the elementary level. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at the elementary level is 26 in Barmer, while it is 31 across schools with elementary to higher secondary grades.

Government Schools– Elementary to Hr. Secondary Grade Government Schools– Elementary Grade Only

1083 Number of school having AWC* 1083 4843 Number of school 4835 480081 Total enrolment (excluding AWC) 396515 Girls enrolment is 1.12 times higher than 253584 Boys enrolment 204400 Boys enrolment is 1.06 times higher boys enrolment 226497 Girls enrolment 192115 than girls enrolment 15422 Total teachers 15275

Contractual teachers 365 367

Male teachers Male teachers are 4.51 times more than 12625 12537 Male teachers are 4.58 times more female teachers 2797 Female teachers 2738 than female teachers Average number of teachers per school 3.18 3.2 Pupil teacher ratio 31 26 *Anganwadi Centres Source: DISE, 2016-17

School Facilities As far as provision of infrastructure facilities are concerned, 4780 elementary schools and 4788 all grade schools have school buildings. Library facilities in available 2759 all grade government schools of Barmer. Out of the total schools, only 5072 all grade government schools have girls toilet . Average Annual Dropout Rate

Data on drop-out rate in Govt. schools in Barmer at the Primary level is as high as 9.89 percent. It is seen to fluctuate along the grades; it is 7.86 percent at the Upper Primary level, 17.16 percent at Secondary level. At the Higher Secondary level drop-out rate , however, falls to 0.31 percent. In Barmer, boys tend to drop out slightly more than girls, and dropout rate increases as pupils move up the grade ladder, except for at the Higher Secondary level. At the Higher Secondary level, dropout rate among boys is 3.86 percent.

— Higher Secondary Higher Secondary 3.86% Average Dropout Rate is seen to steadily increase for both boys and girls across 17.5% Secondary Secondary 16.92% higher grades. Only at the higher second- 10.43% Upper Primary Upper Primary 5.61% ary level dropout rate recedes, for both 9.88% Primary Primary 9.9% boys (39%) and girls (34.9%).

Source: DISE, 2016-17

Blocks No. of schools Total number of Percentage of having AWCs schools schools with EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK AWCs

Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) All Schools Balotara 54 237 22.78 Barmer 140 630 22.22 Baytu 118 307 38.44 Among the 17 blocks of Barmer, Gida has the highest percentage of school with Chohttan 34 290 11.72 AWCs, 40 percent followed by Baytu with 38.44 percent and Kalyanpur with Dhanau 50 261 19.16 33.69 percent. On the contrary, Gadraroad has just 4.14 percent schools with Dhorimana 67 327 20.49 AWCs. In the entire district, out of 4843 schools, only 1083 schools have AWCs. Blocks like Shiv, Chottan, Dhanau, Sedwa, Siwana, Samdari have even less than Gadraroad 9 217 4.14 20 percent of such schools which have AWCs in it. Gida 128 320 40.00 Gudamalani 92 324 28.39 Kalyanpur 63 187 33.69 Patodi 35 183 19.13 Ramsar 58 269 21.56 Samdari 13 116 11.21 Sedwa 48 341 14.08 Shiv 29 263 11.03 Sindhari 114 369 30.89 Siwana 31 202 15.35 All Blocks 1083 4843 22.36 Source: DISE, 2016-17 EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK Blocks No. of Schools Enrolment Pupil Teacher Ratio Barmer has a total of 4843 Government Primary Only Primary with Upper Total Balotara 237 Boys Girls Total schools. Barmer block has 630 Govt. Barmer 630 15181 (51.4%) 14354 (48.6%) 29535 Primary 23 32 29 schools, the highest among all blocks, Baytu 307 33680 (52.3%) 30714 (47.7%) 64394 25 31 29 while Samdari has only 116 Govt. schools Chohttan 290 14623 (50.7%) 14210 (49.3%) 28833 23 28 28 which is the lowest number of schools 15595 (54.6%) 12980 (45.4%) 28575 Dhanau 261 28 34 33 any block has. Enrolment rate of boys 16624 (54.6%) 13810 (45.4%) 30434 Dhorimana 327 35 37 37 are more than the girls across the blocks 15602 (51.6%) 14606 (48.3%) 30208 Gadraroad 217 30 39 36 of Barmer. In Govt. schools of Barmer, 10670 (56.5%) 8225 (43.53%) 18895 Gida 320 24 31 29 boys enrolment accounts for 52.8 per- 13388 (52.01%) 12352 (47.9%) 25740 Gudamalani 324 26 33 32 cent and girls enrolment is 47.2 percent. 16023 (50.5%) 15706 (49.5%) 31729 31 36 35 Kalyanpur 187 Sedwa has the highest percentage 9490 (50.4%) 9322 (49.5%) 18812 21 26 26 Patodi 183 (56.9%) of boys enrolment among all 8419 (54.8%) 6936 (45.2%) 15355 28 34 29 Ramsar 269 blocks and Samdari has the highest per- 11077 (54.1%) 9400 (45.9%) 20477 25 27 27 Samdari 116 5733 (45.3%) 6911 (54.7%) 12644 17 20 22 centage of girls enrolment (54.7%). The Sedwa 341 21545 (56.9%) 16295 (43.1%) 37840 36 41 39 overall PTR of the district for primary, Shiv 263 13794 (55.4%) 11093 (44.6%) 24887 28 31 29 upper primary is 27 and 32 respectively. Sindhari 369 19136 (52.0%) 17661 (47.9%) 36797 29 36 39 Dhanau has 35 PTR at primary level. Siwana 202 13004 (52.2%) 11922 (47.8%) 24926 27 28 28 All Blocks 4843 253584 (52.8%) 226497 (47.2%) 480081 27 32 31 Source: DISE, 2016-17

Blocks Teachers Contractual Teachers Average no. of teachers per school The proportion between male and fe- Balotara Male Female Total Male Female Total Primary Only Primary with Total male teachers is seen to vary heavily Barmer 719 304 1023 719 304 1023 Upper Primary among the blocks of Barmer. The male- Baytu 1641 598 2239 1641 598 2239 1.60 4.22 4.32 female imbalance in workforce is seen 1.48 4.10 3.55 Chohtan 814 221 1035 814 221 1035 to be the highest in Balotra (U) block 1.49 3.99 3.37 Dhanau 739 126 865 739 126 865 which has 640 male teachers and just 42 1.39 3.51 2.98 748 74 822 748 74 822 female teachers. There is a total of 371 Dhorimana 1.30 3.56 3.15 743 103 846 743 103 846 contractual teachers. Measuring the Gadraroad 1.19 2.95 2.59 608 46 654 608 46 654 average number of teachers each Gida 1.30 3.25 3.01 642 162 804 642 162 804 school has, it is seen that at the primary Gudamalani 1.27 3.69 2.51 784 111 895 784 111 895 level, Barmer district has just 1.46 teach- Kalyanpur 1.25 3.20 2.76 523 207 730 523 207 730 ers and upper primary level has 4.23 Patodi 1.67 4.30 3.90 455 80 535 teachers, which becomes an aver- 455 80 535 1.40 4.03 2.92 Ramsar age number of 4 teachers per school. 640 122 762 640 122 762 1.38 4.00 2.83 Samdari 433 133 566 433 133 566 2.17 5.55 4.88 Sedwa 896 62 958 896 62 958 1.32 3.66 2.81 Shiv 765 103 868 765 103 868 1.25 3.88 3.30 Sindhari 778 162 940 778 162 940 1.33 3.53 2.55 Siwana 697 183 880 697 183 880 1.72 4.89 2.36 All Blocks 12625 2797 15422 12625 2797 15422 1.39 3.82 3.18 Source: DISE, 2016-17 Barmer has a total of 15422 teachers employed in its Govt. schools, of which 12625 are male and 2797 are female. Patodi (535) employs the lowest number of teachers among all blocks, of which 80 are female teachers. Professional Qualification of Teachers District Barmer B.El. Ed. (2.30%) B.Ed. or Equivalent (30.35%) Others (10.94%)

Samdari (8.30%) Barmer (8.00%)

Chohatan (7.97%) Siwana (6.02%) Dhanau (6.00%) In terms of professional qualifications, Ramsar (6.00%) a meagre 2.30 percent of teachers Dhorimana(5.44%) Teachers qualified with a Baytu (3.00%) have a B.El.Ed. degree only in the dis- Balotra (4.41%) trict. Samdari block has the highest B.El.Ed. Degree in Barmer Kalyanpur (4.00%)

Patodi (2.80%) proportion of teachers with B.El.Ed Sedwa(2.50%) Sindhari (2.45%) degree (8.30 percent). Shiv (2.65%) Gida (2.24%) Balotra (U) (1.96%) Gudamalani (1.79%) Gadraroad (1.00%)

Sindhari (75.64%) Baytu (62.61%)

Balotra (68.62%) Barmer (71.46%) Another 30.35 percent have B.Ed. Shiv (67.74%) degrees as well in the district. Among Chohatan (65.00%) Gadraroad (67.58%) Teachers qualified with a B.Ed. or the blocks, Sindhari has the highest Dhanau (64.72%) percentage of B.Ed. qualified teachers, Siwana(66.93%) equivalent Degree in Barmer Dhorimana (65.00%) 75.64 percent. Gida (55.00%) Gudamalani (67.00%) Kalyanpur (66.16%) Patodi (66.00%) Ramsar (60.89%) Samdari (67.84%) Sedwa (60.96%) Baltora (20.23%) Barmer (20.50%) Baytu (32.75%) Chohtan (24.62%) Dhanau (28.22%) Dhorimana (28.13%) Gadraroad (27.68%) Teachers qualified with any Gida (37.44%) Around 11% of the total teaching cadre hold Gudamalani (30.84%) degrees other than a B.Ed. or a B.El.Ed. other* degree in Barmer Kalyanpur (28.77%) Patodi (30.47%) Ramsar (32.15%) Source: DISE, 2016-17 Samdari (23.14%) Sedwa (34.24%) Shiv (27.65%) Sindhari (21.59%) Siwana (25.91%)

A significant proportion of the population in blocks across Barmer district has teachers with no professional degree (1.47 percent).

* other category includes teachers with professional degree equivalent to M. Ed or equivalent, Others, Diploma in Teacher Training and Diploma or Degree in Special Education.

This is a preliminary report published based on publicly available data. Some of the issues discussed in the report are compl ex in nature and need further investigation and analysis. This publication is freely available for sharing for non -commercial purposes, and without any change, subject to due credit to the publisher.