DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Management for Reuse/Recycle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

sludge 5 1 Sludge , Filler backwash Re1i;ihlc cooling-sysleiii licr- fC4 foriiiiiiice dictntes water trciitiiieiit To recycle Sludge addressiiig these conditions. Coil- lhickeners ceriis iiiclude ciilciuni. iiiagiie- siuiii. ;ilkaliiiity, pIiosph;ite, sullate, iiod Cenlrale silica hecause of their scaling tendency, and suspended solids as lpotential foul;ints in lieat excliaiigers and collectioii basins. To hrne Addirioiial ciiiicerns are aiiinioniii lor /)os- ' sihle corrosinii of the copper-coiit~iiiiiiig condensers. both aninioniii and phosphate as possible niilrieiits for biologicill species, and organics as a source of foaming in Disposal Disposal cooliiig towers. Palo Verde '"Iear in Treatment of the water in the WRF pro- '' filtratioii is applied. Tliis coli- reclaims municipal wastewaler for use as ening, and vides nitrification. clarification, softening, cooling-system makeup water. Head.end sists of membrane treatment by reverse and filtration for 60,000 gpin of iiionicipel tricklino filters lohoto) reduce ammonia and osmosis to remove 99% of tlie dissolved wasiewater in six separate trains, each coli- organc conlcnl 01 trcalca scv.35~ocioii sis!iiiS of a trickling filter, two solids.com clar lication soltro.ng ana I lid on ,ctigri, ~ . tact clarifiers, and four gravity filter cells (Fig ILi Biological nitrification with trick- ling filters reduces both ammonia and organic coiiteiit. reactions with organics also providing CO2 for use in the clarifiers. These operate with sludge blankets extend- ing up into the clarification zone, which renioves suspended solids froiii upward- inoviiig product water. First-stage lime clarifiers precipitate iiiagiiesii~in.silica, phospliiate. carbonate alkalinity. and soiiie ciilciuni .;is inorganic solids. CO? and soda ash are added to the second-stage clarifiers to rciiiove the reniaining calcium as CaCO3. 1:ollowing acid and chlorine injection, eflluent froiii tlie cliirifierlsolteners is pumped through gravity filters for removal of remaining suspeiided s~litls. Periodic hickwash ol the filters aid cI.'itilier :'. underllows prodiicc some 2600 gpin 01 process wastewater. which is thick- eiietl iiiiiI/wr dewatered. A ~portioii01' the solid ciilciiiiii carlxiii;ite cahc is ~priices~ctl to priiiluce linic imd CO2 lor use iii tlic cI.aiticis: ."', iitlier iiiiirgiiiiic solids iirc dis- cl1;ir;ed. lipgriitliiig ol [lie WRI: i~illuc~it 1h11\ rclllIcCs wilslcwillcr VdLIIllcs 111 ahiN1 70 gpiii. rcc(ivcriiig over VLJ</i 01' tlic iiiciiiiiiti: iiiiiiiiciliiil WIIS~~~IIICI ior ii\c at r?ll,l Verile. (1,~ 01 IICIIIC~ scw;~gc lor IioiIcr4ec<I iiiiihciqi is iii~otlicrsic11 along ilii, iiinovii- live Ipiitli. 1~iirilierl'r(1111 :~tkiptiiiii I~cciiiisc 01 iiildcd trcii~iiiciitilciiiiiiicls. it is ~nc~crtI~cIc~s rcciiig IpriiL,iicc 111 \OIIIC pliints. Wliilc liiiiil~ XI ~ii~i~lic~,ii,~,i~~si,cliiis iit tlic <'I' Smc\ ti:iiioii ut S<II~iIiwcsici'~iI'iililic Scrvirc I4 3. SO2 scrubbing provides example of cascaded in-plant Flue gas to Stack clarifiers permits CTB use where ~calin use of water Care in design would be a problem, such as for FGI: and operation ensures opera- scrubber makeup and demister water. I tion as net waste consumer Some regions of the West, soda ash OCCUI rather than generator Mist eliminators naturally as trona. In low-alkalinity CTE trona liquor can provide an inexpensiv ME washina substitute for lime for softening. CTB has use as pump-seal water and fc flushing of bearings. but carbonate deposi . , . * Flue gas tion may be a concern if excess alkalinit is present. FGD scrubbers themselves are a large volume wastewater source, similarly pro viding high-TDS blowdown. Just as wit1 Thickener overflow to makeuD streams CTB, treatment offers an alternative to dis 1 charge. Drawing on the experience o western zero-discharge plants, easteri plants in water-short areas route bot1 scrubber blowdown and CTB to holdioj ponds with other low-quality plant wastes Subsequent solids concentration b: mechanical evaporation, membrane treat ment, or combination [methods frequentl! provides water of demineralizer-feed quali I)'. Ash-handling systems and equipmen I cleaning produce two large low-volumt waste streanis. The former vary consider. I ably, depending on fuel type and source combustion method, and other f~tors.PIC. dominant components of the waste streair are hardness, alkalinity, metal sulfates anc oxides, and silica, and the streams are ofter treated jointly with tower blowdown anc FGD wastes for reuse. Boiler-fireside cleaning wastes contair iron. nickel, chromium, and other solid: (depending on the Fuel burned and corro- sion-control additives used), and often are routed to ash ponds because of their siini- larity to ash-sluice waters. Supernatant fluid decanted from a settling basin can be considered for use in neutralizing water^ side washwaters because of the high alka- linity introduced with cleaning solutions. Air-heater cleaning wastes are somewhat similar, but higher in metals content as a result of corrosion ol the heater elements. They are also a source of oily niatter and hydrocarbons, particularly if deposits coii- lain much soot. Air-heater washwater generates greater interest in reducing system discharges because of the volumes involved and poi- Iutioii-control requirements. This is typi- fied by the recycle system introduced at ail East Coast plant. when state regulations dictated closurc of the bottom-ash pond. Applying the closed-loop concept 10 the plant waste streams resulted in treatiiicnt systems providing niakeup walcr to the bottom ash, air-heater, and cooling-water systems. Waste systenis segregated ind- vidunlly were: m Air-heater wash system. .Oily waste removal syskiii. m Industri;ilLw;iste tieiitiiient system (lor coal-pile runo11. re!pieriint wastc. liiicr ~~~ . ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ IS Power. Ma" 1991 .’ the station’s water requirement to about removal as wet FGD, it offers greater ing wastes. boiler blowdown, makeup- 300 gpm. possibility of maintaining the station water treatment wastes, and.equipment drains are A variety of water-conserving opportu- balance (air-Dollution reeulations permit- some of the more familiar ones4All water- nities elsewhere in powerplant steamlwater and wastewater-treatment alternatives cycles can be realized through improve- -membrane treatment, softening, evapo- inents in system design and operation. Analysis for improvement ration, etc-are identified and their effects Boiler chemical cleaning (BCC) and flue- The plant water (or salt) balance is fun- on the water balance determined. Maxi- gas desulfurization (FGD) are examples. damental to an integrated analysis of plant mum and average flows are used for con- Methods leading to reduction of BCC systems required for efficient water man- tinuous-flow streams; for intermittent waste include scale and corrosion control agement, a necessity both in water-short streams, frequency and duration data must and optimized cleaning frequency. Primary regions and where wastewater discharges be added. Water-analysis data reflect all paths to these goals are improved water- are to be minimized. Its ultimate applica- possible impacts-seasonal water-supply chemistry control and frequent tube sam- tion, of course, is to zero-discharge plants. variations, plant capacity factor, etc. pling during operation, respectively. Close By examining all plant components Most important aspect is identifying monitoring of boiler cleaning to minimize involved in water use and applying accu- plant systems where recycled water can be cleaning-solution use in each procedure rate flow and chemistry data to all streams put to use. Alternative treatment options also pays dividends. entering and leaving each process step, the are evaluated and conceptual designs Flue-gas scrubbing-probably the water balance helps identify those compo- developed for those not considered imprac- largest water-consuming component- nents and systems where modifications tical. Aside from capital and operating often can he improved in several areas. promise substantial improvements in water costs, the nature of a stream determines the Foremost are mist-eliminator washing and recyclelreuse. A standard procedure in appropriateness of any treatment candi- pump seals. Mist eliminators are washed to designing utility plants in the arid West and date, so knowledge of its characteristics is prevent scaling and plugging, but this can Southwest, it is growing practice in the essential to making the best choices. be overdone. Wash intensity, frequency, East and Southeast, where utilities and Streams, treatment options and duration all play a role in water con- independent cogenerators have embraced sumption. Major improvement can come wastewater recycle and zero discharge Cooling water recirculated to evapora- from less frequent, more intense washing because of environmental restrictions or tive cooling towers contain dissolved and rather than continuous washing; wash- inaccessibility to adequate water supplies. suspended solids entering the system with down-water consumption can also be cut Among the newest zero-discharge exam- tower makeup water. Those that are not by substituting thickener overflow for an ples are the Semass waste-to-energy pro- removed by precipilation, evaporation, or outside water source, as well as by using ject in Massachusetts, Ocean State com- drift are concentrated in the recirculating more efficient hose nozzles and ensuring bined-cycle .plant in Rhode Island, and water. Conservative practice is to treat a that hoses
Recommended publications
  • Title of the Project: Monitoring of Migratory Birds at Selected Water Bodies of Murshidabad District

    Title of the Project: Monitoring of Migratory Birds at Selected Water Bodies of Murshidabad District

    REPORT ON THE PROJECT 2020 Title of the project: Monitoring of Migratory Birds at selected water bodies of Murshidabad district Submitted by Santi Ranjan Dey Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata 09 2020 REPORT ON THE PROJECT Title of the project: Monitoring of Migratory Birds at selected water bodies of Murshidabad District: Introduction: The avian world has always been a fascination to the human world and has been a subject of our studies. Mythological documents hold a number of examples of birds being worshiped as goods with magical powers by the ancient civilizations. Even today winged wonders continue to be the subject of our astonishment primarily because of their ability to fly, their ability to build extraordinarily intricate nests, and of course, the brilliant colour of their plumage – features that no human being can replicate. Taxonomically birds are categorized in “Orders” “Families” and “Genera” and “species”. But overall they are divided into two groups: Passeriformes (or Passerines) and Non Passeriformes (non passerines). At least 60% of all bird species are Passeriformes or song birds, their distinguishing characteristics being their specialized leg structure, vocal structure and brain-wiring which allows them to produce complex songs. The non- passerine comprises 28 out of 29 orders of birds in the world. Throughout the world approximately 11,000 species are found. India is having 1301 species. West Bengal has 57.69% of the total avian fauna (750 species). Though there are many nomenclatures used by different people, we followed “Standardized common and scientific names of birds of Indian subcontinent by Manakadan and Pittie (2001).” Identification of bird is generally based on combination of various characteristics.
  • Thermal Desalination Using MEMS and Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond Technology

    Thermal Desalination Using MEMS and Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond Technology

    Thermal Desalination using MEMS and Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond Technology University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, Texas Cooperative Agreement No. 98-FC-81-0047 Desalination Research and Development Program Report No. 80 August 2002 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Water Treatment Engineering and Research Group Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suit 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Report (0704-0188), Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave Blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED August 2002 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Thermal Desalination using MEMS and Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond Technology Agreement No. 98-FC-81-0047 6. AUTHOR(S) Huanmin Lu, John C. Walton, and Herbert Hein 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, Texas 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING Bureau of Reclamation AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Desalination Research and Denver Federal Center Development Program Report No.
  • Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize

    Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize

    Caribbean Regional Fund for Wastewater Management Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize December 2013 Revised January 2015 Baseline Assessment Study for the GEF CReW Project: Belize December 2013 Prepared by Dr. Homero Silva Revised January 2015 CONTENTS List of Acronyms....................................................................................................................................................iii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. The National Context ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Description of the Country .................................................................................................................. 4 Geographic Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 6 Economy by Sectors ............................................................................................................................ 9 The Environment .............................................................................................................................. 13 Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF) ....................................................................... 20 Disasters ..........................................................................................................................................
  • HB In-Situ Project Intrepid Potash - New Mexico, LLC Eddy County, New Mexico

    HB In-Situ Project Intrepid Potash - New Mexico, LLC Eddy County, New Mexico

    HB In-Situ Project Intrepid Potash - New Mexico, LLC Eddy County, New Mexico Description of the Proposed Action The proposed action consists of an in-situ, solution mining operation in Eddy County, New Mexico. The project is designed to recover and process potassium chloride ore from pillars and limited adjacent areas of the back, floor and ribs from former underground workings which are no longer economically recoverable via conventional mining techniques. The area proposed for potash extraction occurs within existing Intrepid leases. Limited surface disturbance would occur in the form of surface pipelines, well pads, utility conveyances, solar evaporation ponds, and a new processing mill. Surface disturbance would primarily occur on Intrepid owned land but also on BLM, State of New Mexico, and other deeded surface. The proposed operation has a projected duration of approximately 28 years and would provide significant contributions to the local economy. Components of the Proposed Action • Extraction and conditioning of groundwater from four Rustler Formation wells to form an injectate solution. • Injection of the injectate solution via six injection wells and a surface piping system into the lower portion of four separate former underground mine workings areas. • Extraction of the resulting pregnant brine from the underground mine workings via five extraction wells. • Pumping the brine via a surface piping system to solar evaporation ponds where the potassium and sodium salts (KCl and NaCl, respectively) are precipitated. Proposed Action 10-20-09 Page 1 of 12 HB In-Situ Project • Harvest of precipitated potash and salt at the solar evaporation ponds and transport to a new flotation mill (New HB Mill).
  • Inspection Report Checklist

    Inspection Report Checklist

    SIKESTON POWER STATI ON Date October 6, 2015 Bottom Ash Pond Inspector Jeffrey Fouse, P.E. Annual Inspection Check Sheet Pool Level Estimated el. 315.9 Temperature 60ºs Weather Partly cloudy, dry Date of Previous Annual Inspection: Not Applicable (First Annual Inspection under §257.83(b).) Date of Previous Periodic Inspection: Not Applicable. Description of Emergency (EC) or Immediate Maintenance (IM) conditions observed since the last annual inspection: None Describe any action taken to restore or improve safety and integrity of impounding structure: None Describe any modifications to the geometry of the impounding structure since the previous annual inspection: None Describe any modifications to the operation of the impounding structure since the previous annual inspection: None (Scrubber sludge has not been placed in the Pond since 1998. The Water Recirculation Structure (NE corner) is no longer operational.) The emergency outfall is not operational. Impounded fly ash is blocking the outlet of the emergency outfall. List the approximate remaining storage capacity (Cubic Yards) of the impounding structure: Estimated available storage is 342,000 CY below el. 320 (allowing 2 feet of freeboard) List the approximate maximum, minimum and present depth and elevation of the impounded water since the previous annual inspection: Estimated from inspection reports since Oct. 2015: Max. Elev. 319.0 (Depth 17.0’); Min. Elev. 315.9 (Depth 13.9’); Avg. Elev. 318.5 (Depth 16.5’) List the approximate maximum, minimum and present depth and elevation of the impounded CCR since the previous annual inspection: CCR occupies approximately 41 acres at an approx. Max. Elev. 325.0 (Depth 23.0’).
  • Bioshelters Is Divided Into Two Dis­ Tinct Parts, the One Scientific and the Other More Or Less Domestic

    Bioshelters Is Divided Into Two Dis­ Tinct Parts, the One Scientific and the Other More Or Less Domestic

    This section on bioshelters is divided into two dis­ tinct parts, the one scientific and the other more or less domestic. The first, "Logging the Course of the Ark," reflects the range of our investigatory re­ search in the Cape Cod Ark, which, at the age of five, has earned a venerable standing among solar greenhouses. Horticulture, pest control, modeling, toxic materials, and designing future bioshelters are discussed in the light of our current knowledge. The second part, if less scholarly, is more broadly experiential. It is written by an assortment of people who having been exposed to the Ark have incor­ porated a bioshelter in some form or another into their lives. Any readers contemplating doing so themselves will be interested in the variety of ap­ proaches and costs represented. N.J. T. THE JOURNAL OF THE NEW ALCHEMISTS NO.7 LOGGING the COURSE of the ARK ecological, structural, and data-processing subcom­ Indoor Gardening ponents. This contained ecosystem with its inter­ Colleen Armstrong related and interdependent components of plants, earth, insects, fi sh, and people is a bioshelter, which we called the Cape Cod Ark. One of the goals underlying the design of the Ark Sterile soils and the use of toxic chemicals for was to point the way toward a solar-based, year­ intensive management are common elements of round, employment-creating agriculture for orthodox greenhouse food culture. We opted for northern climates. Our goal was to devise a food­ deep, biologically diverse so il s that we "seeded" raising ecosystem that would require one-fifth to from fields, meadow, and forest environments in one-tenth the capital of an orthodox farm but use alluvial, limestone, and glacial areas in southern far less space.
  • (CCR) Pond Capping

    (CCR) Pond Capping

    GEOSYNTHETICS High-Performance Geosynthetics PLAN VIEW for Ash (CCR) Pond Capping TenCate, the world’s leading provider of geosynthetics and industrial fabrics, offers TENCATE PANEL SEAMS new, quick and safe ways to treat waste FILL materials produced by industrial facilities. High-performance geosynthetics are used to stabilize soft/wet ash ponds, allowing the placement of the top cover system Fill soil is placed over the sludge/ash pond. and compacted fill. TENCATE HIGH-PERFORMANCE GEOTEXTILE PANEL Pond capping with TenCate’s geotextiles has become a viable alternative due to HIGH TENSION IN PORE WATER PRESSURE SLUDGE SLUDGE many advantages: SEAMS DEVELOPS POND LIMIT • Engineered seams allow for efficient installation of large geotextile panels with When fill is placed over the geotextile panel, the sludge/ash will increase in extremely high seam strengths to create shear strength as pore water pressures dissipate through the panels. a stable capping system. • Quickly and safely facilitates the complete closure of storage basins and ponds. • Allows water to pass through to relieve pore pressure. • Contains the fine-grained sludge material below, and separates sludge from clean fill above. Without high-performance geotextiles, High seam strengths are critical to the field performance of the panels to pond capping would be extremely difficult prevent rupture during fill placement over the low-bearing capacity sludge/ash. or impossible to perform. With expert Geotextile advantages engineering knowledge, the right tools and include excellent separation, experience, TenCate has successfully higher tensile strength and large seaming panels for designed numerous pond capping and quicker installation. closure projects all over the world.
  • Plant Branch Electricity While Minimizing the Company’S Environmental Impact

    Plant Branch Electricity While Minimizing the Company’S Environmental Impact

    Environment – A Balanced Approach At Georgia Power, we strive to provide our customers with reliable and affordable Plant Branch electricity while minimizing the company’s environmental impact. To meet the needs of 2.5 million customers, Georgia Power has created a diverse energy portfolio Ash pond closure and dewatering that delivers sustainable power. Georgia Power is permanently closing its 29 ash ponds at At Georgia Power, compliance with federal and state environmental requirements 11 coal-fired power plants across the state and has committed is only the beginning of our environmental commitment. In addition to compliance, we emphasize conservation and recycling, and help our customers make efficient that all ash ponds will stop receiving coal ash within three years. use of energy. We challenge ourselves every day to preserve the environment and strengthen the communities in which we live, work and serve. Additionally, the company is completely removing the ash from 19 ponds located adjacent to lakes or rivers where advanced Cornerstones of Our Commitment engineering methods designed to enhance the protection of Three principles serve as the cornerstones of our environmental commitment: groundwater around the closed pond may not be feasible. The Solutions ash from these ponds will either be relocated to a permitted Our environmental record is a top priority and we are taking steps in the communities we serve to improve the environment, including investing more than $5 billion landfill, consolidated with other closing ash ponds or recycled for in environmental controls at our power plants in Georgia. beneficial use. More than 60 percent of the coal ash Georgia Power Balance We strive to maintain a balance that furthers environmental stewardship while produces today is recycled for various uses such as Portland providing for growing energy needs and the economy.
  • Annual Groundwater Monitoring and Corrective Action Report Ash Pond Ab

    Annual Groundwater Monitoring and Corrective Action Report Ash Pond Ab

    www.haleyaldrich.com REPORT ON ANNUAL GROUNDWATER MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION REPORT ASH POND A.B. BROWN GENERATING STATION POSEY COUNTY, INDIANA by Haley & Aldrich, Inc. Greenville, South Carolina for Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company Evansville, Indiana File No. 129420 January 2019 Table of Contents Page List of Tables i List of Figures i 1. 40 CFR § 257.90 Applicability 1 1.1 40 CFR § 257.90(a) 1 1.2 40 CFR § 257.90(e) - SUMMARY 1 1.2.1 Status of the Groundwater Monitoring Program 1 1.2.2 Key Actions Completed 1 1.2.3 Problems Encountered 2 1.2.4 Actions to Resolve Problems 2 1.2.5 Project Key Activities for Upcoming Year 2 1.3 40 CFR § 257.90(e) - INFORMATION 2 1.3.1 40 CFR § 257.90(e)(1) 2 1.3.2 40 CFR § 257.90(e)(2) 3 1.3.3 40 CFR § 257.90(e)(3) 3 1.3.4 40 CFR § 257.90(e)(4) 3 1.3.5 40 CFR § 257.90(e)(5) 3 Tables Figures Appendix A – Alternate Source Demonstration List of Tables Table No. Title I Groundwater Monitoring Well Location and Construction Details II Summary of Groundwater Quality Data List of Figures Figure No. Title 1 Ash Pond Monitoring Well Location Map i 1. 40 CFR § 257.90 Applicability 1.1 40 CFR § 257.90(a) Except as provided for in § 257.100 for inactive CCR surface impoundments, all CCR landfills, CCR surface impoundments, and lateral expansions of CCR units are subject to the groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements under § 257.90 through § 257.98.
  • Preliminary Conference Program International Conference on Energy

    Preliminary Conference Program International Conference on Energy

    Preliminary Conference Program International Conference on Energy, Water & Environmental Sciences 2018 American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Building G, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE November 13 – 15, 2018 Day 1- November 13, 2018: 9:30 - 10:00 Opening ceremony, 13 November 2018 National Anthem Versus from the Holy Quran Video-AURAK Welcome Speech - Prof. Hasan Hamdan Al Alkim, President of American University of Ras Al Khaimah Co-Organizer speech - Dr. Sabine Dorpmüller, AGYA Managing Director Overview of ICEWES 2018 - Prof. Ahmad Sakhrieh, Organizing Committee Chair, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE 10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break 10:45 - 11:30 Prof. Dr. Ing. Uta Pottgiesser Keynote Title: Smart and Sustainable Cities & Heritage: Healthy Corridors for Innovative and inclusive Development 11:30 - 12:15 Dr. Ismahane Elouafi Keynote Title: Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Resources Efficiencies and Policy Dimensions 12:20 - 12:40 Performance Indices of a Changes in Dead Sea Energy Efficient Practical PV Power Plant Physical Properties Aquaponics Caused by Mixing of Two Seas Waters (Dead Sea and Red Sea)) Daifallah Dalabeih Abdelaziz Khlaifat, Ammar Alkhalidi Mufeed Batarseh, Khalid Nawayseh, Jamal Amira, Emad Talafeha 12:40 - 13:00 Support Vector Machine Artificial Recharge Efficiency for PV System Efficiency (AR) of Groundwater Enhancement Using Improvement Aquifers in Saudi Double Layer Anti- Arabia reflection Coating of Metamaterial and Silicon Nitride) Maissa Farhat, Maen Musaed AlAwad Shereen Mostafa, Takruri Mostafa Fedawy, Tarik Abd Al-Kader
  • Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza)

    Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza)

    RYEA\18655007WinaNssue01 Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza) November 1996 Institute of Hydrology COPYRIGHTANDREPRODUCTION 0 AEA Technology plc, ETSU, 1996 Enquiries about copyright and reproduction shouldbe addressed to: Dr K J Brown, General Manager, ETSU, B156 Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 ORA,UK. RYEA\18655007\FinaNssue01 Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza) A report produced for ODA November 1996 Title Water Resource Management andDesalination Options for SmallCommunities in Arid and Semi- Arid CoastalRe •om Gaza Customer ODA Customer reference ENA 9597966\333 \001 Confidentiality, This document has been preparedby AEA copyright and Technology plc in connection with a contract to reproduction su 1 oods and/or services. File reference Arecons\ ODA\ desalin\ final Reference number RYEA\ 18655007 ETSU Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 ORA Telephone 01235 433128 Facsimile01235 433213 AEATechnology is the trading name of AEATechnology plc AEATechnology is certified to IS09001 Report Manager Name MissG T Wilkins Checked by Name Dr W B Gillett Signature Ov Date , u. Approved by Name Dr D Martin Signature • • Date 111( q Water Management and DeaaMutton (('aza) ItYEA/18655007/finaVissue 1 04/11196 • PREFACE This report was commissioned by the ODA and was jointly funded by three departments within ODA (Engineering Division, Natural Resources and West Asia Departments). The team of consultants and specialists involved in producing this report comprised ETSU, The Institute of Hydrology, The British Geological Society, Richard Morris and Associates, Dubs Ltd and Light Works Ltd. The report aims to assess the viability of water management and desalination options for small communities in arid and semi-arid coastal regions and to identify any necessary developments required for the successful introduction of such options in these areas.
  • Review of Available Technologies for the Removal of Selenium from Water

    Review of Available Technologies for the Removal of Selenium from Water

    Final Report Review of Available Technologies for the Removal of Selenium from Water Prepared for North American Metals Council June 2010 Tom Sandy, P.E. CH2M HILL 11301 Carmel Commons Blvd. Suite 304 Charlotte, NC 28226 Cindy DiSante, P.E. CH2M HILL 1100 112th Avenue NE, Suite 400 Bellevue, WA 98004 I Acknowledgements The North American Metals Council – Selenium Work Group and CH2M HILL would like to thank its members who contributed their experiences in management of selenium documented within this report. The Council and CH2M HILL also thanks the following sector leads for their time and contribution to this report: Alan Prouty (mining and agriculture), Keith Finley (power generation), and Sarah Armstrong (oil and gas). CH2M HILL also thanks Ron Jones, William Adams, and Peter Chapman for their guidance and contribution to this report. The following CH2M HILL technologists contributed to this review: Harry Ohlendorf, Kar Munirathinam, Thomas Higgins, Jim Jordahl, Jim Bays, Dennis Fink, and Jamal Shamas. COPYRIGHT 2010 BY CH2M HILL, INC. III Executive Summary This document describes industry-specific approaches to prevention, control and removal of selenium in water, with a focus on water treatment approaches for selenium removal. Industries represented in the North American Metals Council - Selenium Work Group (NAMC-SWG) are faced with managing selenium in water from processes that include the mining, agriculture, power generation, and oil and gas industry sectors. Case studies of pilot-scale and full-scale treatment technologies for selenium removal are presented for each industry sector. The development of low cost, reliable technologies to remove selenium from water is a priority for the industry sectors as environmental standards and criteria applicable to their surface water discharges are currently very low with a potential for them to be even lower given pending guidance by regulatory agencies in North America.