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Evaluation of Ammonia (NH3) Removal Through Water Recycling in Aquaculture by Aquaponic System and Its Effect on the Growth Rate of Used Fish and Plants

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Evaluation of Ammonia (NH3) Removal Through Water Recycling in Aquaculture by Aquaponic System and Its Effect on the Growth Rate of Used Fish and Plants MEDRC Series of R&D Reports MEDRC Project: 16-DC-005 Evaluation of Ammonia (NH3) Removal Through Water Recycling in Aquaculture by Aquaponic System and Its Effect on The Growth Rate of Used Fish and Plants M. Sc. Thesis Submitted By Alaa M. Awad Principal Investigator Prof. Mohammad R. Al-Agha Dr. Eyad M. Atalah The Islamic University–Gaza Middle East Desalination Research Center Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 2017 II الجـامعــــــــــة اﻹســـــﻻميــة – غــزة The Islamic University–Gaza شئون البحث العلمي والدراسات العليا Research and Postgraduate Affairs كـليــــــــــــــــــــة العـلـــــــــــــــــــــوم Faculty of Science ماجستيـــــــر العلـــــوم البيئيــــــــــــة Master of Environmental Sciences Evaluation of Ammonia (NH3) Removal Through Water Recycling in Aquaculture by Aquaponic System and Its Effect on The Growth Rate of Used Fish and Plants تقييم إزالـــــــة اﻷمونيا )NH3( خﻻل إعادة تدوير مياه اﻻستزراع السمكي في نظام اﻷكوابونيك وتأثيره على نمو السمك والنباتات المستخدمة Alaa M. Awad Supervised by Prof. Mohammad R. Al-Agha Dr. Eyad M. Atalah Environment & Earth Science Ministry of Agriculture Dep. – Faculty of Science – IUG. Gaza – Palestine. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Sciences May /2017 II إقــــــــــــــرار أنا الموقع أدناه مقدم الرسالة التي تحمل العنوان: Evaluation of Ammonia (NH3) Removal Through Water Recycling in Aquaculture by Aquaponic System and Its Effect on The Growth Rate of Used Fish and Plants تقييم إزالـــــــة اﻷمونيا )NH3( خﻻل إعادة تدوير مياه اﻻستزراع السمكي في نظام اﻷكوابونيك وتأثيره على نمو السمك والنباتات المستخدمة أقر بأن ما اشتملت عليه هذه الرسالة إنما هو نتاج جهدي الخاص، باستثناء ما تمت اﻹشارة إليه حيثما ورد، وأن هذه الرسالة ككل أو أي جزء منها لم يقدم من قبل اﻻخرين لنيل درجة أو لقب علمي أو بحثي لدى أي مؤسسة تعليمية أو بحثية أخرى. Declaration I understand the nature of plagiarism, and I am aware of the University’s policy on this. The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced, is the researcher's own work, and has not been submitted by others elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. اسم الطالب: أﻻء محمد مصطفى عوض :Student's name التوقيع: :Signature التاريخ: :Date I Abstract The extraordinary growth of population in Gaza, had led to the depletion of the limited natural resources and tampering food security as a result. Since 2006, alternative techniques to produce fish such as: “aquaculture” has been adopted Palestine, to cover the shortage fish supplies in market. An effort was made to introduce a sustainable aquaponics system medium. The combination consists of soilless Eggplants (Solanum melongena) and Chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) as growing hydroponic and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish farming “aquaculture” within a closed recirculating system. The goal of this study was to assess Nitrogen waste reduction in the aquaponics and its effects on growth rate of used fish and plants. Experiment used (40) Nile Tilapia fish in 1000 L tank, (30) Eggplants and (30) Chilies Pepper saplings. They were planted in two growing beds. Fish were nourished “ad libitum”, three times a day for five days a week. Also, the results of the Specific Growth Ratio (SGR (%)( and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) at the end of experiment gave better results. The mean growth of Tilapia had significantly improved during (56) days of experiment at (α≤0.05). Comparing the average initial weight (72.95±23.21 g) and average initial overall length (16.07±1.92 cm), to the final experiment results, the average final weight scored was (120.07±19.21 g), and average final total length was (19.61±2.07 cm). Moreover, the mean growth of both Eggplants and Chilies Pepper varied significantly during the experiment at (α≤0.05). The height of each Chili sapling increased by almost (3.69 cm). Whist each Eggplant sapling total height had increase by almost (5.57 cm). Dissolved Oxygen, water temperature and pH, were measured once a week during the experimental period and found within the vital ranges for aquaponics system. -” - Nitrate “NO3 , Ammonia “NH3” and Nitrite “NO2 ” varied significantly in all measurements during the study period at (α≤0.05). Therefore, the study showed that the application of the aquaponic system has significant influence at Nitrogen reduction, the best percentage reduction was achieved at the beginning of the - - experiment by showing (25.6%), (16.3%) and (12.00%) for NH3, NO2 and NO3 , respectively. II III الملخص أدى التزايد المضطرد في عدد السكان بقطاع غزة، رفع مستوى الطلب على الموارد الغذائية بشكل خاص ومن ضمنها اﻷغذية البحرية كاﻷسماك وغيرها مما أدى الى استنزاف الموارد الطبيعية فيه. ترتب على ما تعانيه غزة من حصار بحري على طول سواحلها، ومحدودية مسطح الصيد وساعات الحظر؛ لبروز العديد من التجارب المحلية ﻹنتاج اﻷسماك من خﻻل انشاء المزارع السمكية التي ازدهرت منذ عام 2006. للحفاظ على مصادر البيئة، بذلت محاوﻻت جادة لتطبيق نظام الزراعة المائية/ السمكية )اﻷكوابونيك( وتدوير مياه المزارع السمكية، وهو من اﻷنظمة التي تعزز مفهوم اﻻستدامة عبر تبني تربية سمك البلطي النيلي بالتكامل مع زراعة نباتات الباذنجان والفلفل الحار حيث تستفيد هذه النباتات من المخلفات العضوية في مياه السمك كسماد عضوي. إن الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم قدرة النظام على إزالة المخلفات النيتروجينية الناتجة عن اﻻستزراع السمكي وتأثيرها على نمو اﻷسماك والنباتات المستخدمة. استملت التجربة على استخدام )40( سمكة من البلطي النيلي (Oreochromis niloticus) في حوض حجمه )1000( لتر، وزراعة )30( شتلة من نبات الباذنجان (Solanum melongena) و )30( شتلة من نبات الفلفل الحار (.Capsicum spp) في حوضين مخصصين للزراعة، تم تغذية اﻷسماك حتى اﻹشباع ثﻻث مرات يومياً لمدة خمسة أيام أسبوعيا ً. لقد تبين أن معدل أوزان اﻷسماك تزايدت خﻻل فترة الدراسة )56 يوم(، ففي اليوم اﻻول للتجربة كان متوسط وزن اﻷسماك (23.21±72.95جم(، وبلغ متوسط اﻷطوال الكلية لها (1.92±16.07 سم( وفي آخر التجربة بلغ متوسط وزن اﻷسماك (19.21±120.07 جم( ومتوسط اﻷطوال الكلية لﻷسماك (2.07±19.61 سم(. وهذه الزيادة في متوسط وزن اﻷسماك واﻷطوال الكلية كانت ذات دﻻلة إحصائية معنوية عند (α≤0.05)، كما كانت قيم كﻻً من كفاءة تحويل غذائي للسمك (FCR) و معدل النمو النسبي للسمك (SGR) أفضل ما يمكن في آخر التجربة، وإضافة على ذلك فإن معدل نمو نباتات الباذنجان بلغ )5.5 سم( لكل شتلة، أما الفلفل الحار فقد بلغ نموه )3.69 سم( لكل شتلة خﻻل )56( يوم وهذه الزيادة أعطت دﻻلة معنوية على نمو النباتات خﻻل التجربة مقارنة بأطوال النباتات في بداية التجربة في ظل وجود متغيرين أحدهما اختﻻف أنواع النباتات المزروعة واﻵخر الفترة الزمنية التي قيست خﻻلها أطوال النباتات عند .(α≤0.05) وإضافة على ما سبق، تم قياس كﻻً من اﻷكسجين الذائب (DO)، ودرجة الحموضة (pH)، ودرجة حرارة الماء بشكل أسبوعي خﻻل فترة الدراسة وكانت قيم هذه القياسات تتراوح ضمن المدى المقبول في أنظمة اﻷكوابونيك. كما تم قياس كﻻً من تركيز اﻷمونيا والنيتريت والنترات في الماء وأظهرت النتائج وجود دﻻلة إحصائية في تراكيز كﻻً من اﻷمونيا والنترات والنيتريت بعد عملية معالجة المياه مقارنة بالتراكيز قبل المعالجة عند (α≤0.05). هذه الدراسة أثبتت ان نظام اﻷكوابونيك له دور كبير في الحد من المخلفات النيتروجينية، حيث أن كفاءة النظام في إزالة المركبات النيتروجينية في بداية التجربة كانت أعلى ما يمكن، إذ بلغت إزالة كﻻً من - - (NO3 ) ،%16.3 :(NO2 ( ،%25.6 :(NH3): %12.00. IV Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my Mother and Father, who inspired me through their continuous support and encouragement during the tenure of my life. This is dedicated as well to my beloved Brothers, Sister and to my great best Friend to “Hala N. Al-Kubaissi”. They were my vibrant source of motivation and inspiration. In conclusion, this Thesis is dedicated to my family, friends, colleagues and those who believe in the richness of learning. Alaa M. Awad V Acknowledgement The foremost gratitude is to “Allah”, The Compassionate and The Merciful, for embedding myself with patience and merits to accomplish this research. Acknowledgement is owed to the Islamic University- Gaza (IUG), for their patronage of this research by accessing their outstanding facilities, and granting the opportunity to proceed on with my graduate studies. Furthermore, special thanks to Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences at IUG. Completing a M.Sc. is truly hard job, and I could not finalize the mission without others support and involvement. I would like to express my honest gratitude to my Supervisor, Prof. Mohammad R. Al-Agha, for his varied spectacular scientific knowledge that he had successfully conveyed to us. Special thanks to the wise guidance of my Supervisor, Dr. Eyad M. Atalah, and his constructive recommendations during the carryout of the Thesis. Without prejudice, the collective knowledge and visions of both professors had significantly influenced and enriched the outcomes of the study. Also, I would like to express my deepest thanks to Prof. Samir A. Afifi for his guidance and his helpful suggestions to complete this thesis. Exceptional thanks to: 1. The Food & Agriculture Organization “FAO” of The United Nations. They have indirect technical supported to this research by furnishing IUG with aquaponics system for research and study purposes. 2. Middle East Desalination Research Centre "MEDRC", for their financial donation and sponsorship of this research. Their esteemed donation and support produced high quality and reputable standards work. 3. To Mr. Alaa Aljubb, Mrs. Asmaa J. Al-Dadah and Mr. Muath S. Afifi, for their kind assistance during laboratory analysis and Thesis preparation. 4. Mr. Mahmoud Shehadah, for his kind assistance during the Thesis preparation and editing. VI Table of Contents DECLARATION ........................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................
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