December 1, 2011 | Vol. 110 no. 10 | middleburycampus.com SGA passes resolution for Pass/D/Fail grading
By Ben Anderson (NESCAC) that does not have such On Nov. 20, the Student Gov- a system in place. ernment Association (SGA) passed the Pass/Fail Resolution proposed has been studied as a form of ex- by Senator Michael Polebaum ’12, perimental education. Studies on the topic, however, have not been Educational Affairs Committee conclusive. (EAC) the adoption of a Pass/Fail Much of the resistance to ap- The SGA passed the resolution comes from professors who fear unanimously, without any major that such a system undermines a student’s quality of education. Now that it has passed the SGA, it will be voted on by the Student Educational Affairs Committee will be in it 100 percent,” said Charles A. Dana Professor of Po- litical Science Murray Dry. “The Adam Schaffer plans to discuss the contents of presence of one or two students - who are not fully prepared can af- fect the atmosphere of the class in both students and professors. harmful ways.” Dry was a major opponent to by the EAC, the whole faculty the Pass/Fail option the last time body will vote on the issue. After it was considered. At that point, MIL poised to remake education - in an email. Until then, the com- be instated, professors should be By Adam Schaffer leadership position,” President - - by the initial $10 million invest- The resolution outlines the im- ment, $4 million of which was plementation of a “Pass/D/Fail” As the resolution currently expands, questions remain as system where students may elect to the effect the new company in this country is in a critical — Middlebury Interactive Lan- state,” he added, and MIL can THE MIDDLEBURY the Pass/Fail option, and the pro- INTERACTIVE APPROACH - the country. MIL was formed in students across the country. - in the 60s or fail for below 60. April 2010 in partnership with The Pass/Fail option is popular Fail. more expensive Middlebury - Associate Professor of Physics education, however, also played Currently, Middlebury is only one Noah Graham, who is also a mem- - a role in the decision to develop ber of the EAC, sees possible is- immersion method. SEE PROFESSORS, 2 From the outset, Old Chapel “The pressure on the endow- The content, which is devel- ment (to earn more) and on oped by Middlebury professors, includes hundreds of hours of to share Middlebury’s renowned private education requires us to video shot on-site at locations Admissions sees fewer - across four continents and a vir- students and maintain its lead- enue to support a very expensive tual world where students can - - EDI applications MIL is expected to become subject to independently-scored By Allison Forrest He discussed how the Admis- and allow others to claim the An estimated 640 hopeful Vice President for Finance and students have submitted their - to admit. SEE PARTNERSHIP, 2 early decision applications to Class of 2016, a 6.6 percent de- PANTHERS STAND WITH UC DAVIS crease from last year’s total of 685 early decision applicants. and what types of classes they’re “With the increase in applica- dip in Early Decision I (EDI) tions and selectivity, we’ve seen applicants to the return of the Early Action option at Harvard, - Princeton and UVA and to fewer - campus visits as a result of Hur- portantly, our overall academic ricane Irene’s late-summer ter- ror. overall academic performance into account, have continued to improve.” - Corbollo said the Admissions Director of Admissions and teacher recommendations and Coordinator of Multicultural Recruitment Manuel Carbollo “Sometimes the essays are is also very impressed with the funny, sometimes they’re very quality of the EDI applicants this year. courtesy: Kristina Johansson a little better. That’s where the said. SEE ADMISSIONS, 3
LOCAL STUDENTS STAND BRETT DENNEN CRAFTSMEN MAKE UP FOR ENDOWMENT HEADLINES MCAB ART FROM WOOD TRANSPARENCY FALL CONCERT PAGE 5 PAGES 12-13 PAGE 19 inside 2NEWS | december 1, 2011 BEYOND Partnership worries faculty CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 then I have a problem with it.” age-appropriate. THE outlined by the American Council on the MIL developers maintain that the goal Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) of the program is not to replace teachers, houses which produce textbooks for [pre- to maintain quality. but rather to expand education to stu- college students] will make selections BUBBLE John Villasenor, a professor at Uni- dents who otherwise would not have ac- that will screen out certain sensitive top- BY BRONWYN OATLEY versity of California at Los Angeles and cess to classes. ics because parents of teenagers in many a nonresident Brookings Institution fel- “Our goal isn’t to displace parts of the United States low with experience in online education, any high-quality [classes],” “Suddenly would object strongly to this said Jane Swift, who has been the door has kind of modeling,” he wrote in in the online model. While the comput- Though no formal announcement has yet been opened an email. “When questions of been made, many European newspapers are ers may be good at providing vocabulary MIL since August. “Our goal sensitive content were brought predicting the imminent implementation of and grammar drills — and even faster is to expand the number of to thinking up they were openly discussed than teachers — the real challenge lies in high quality world language in terms of among the team of Middlebury economic integration, in the hopes of calm- speaking and writing. courses in the education sys- writers.” ing turbulent international markets. “There’s really no substitute for talk- tem … at a time when [school] market appeal Professor of Geography budgets are shrinking and In an attempt to avoid the arduous pro- ing to a real person with expertise in the Tamar Mayer echoed concerns cess of ratifying a new E.U. treaty, the pro- language, and having that person imme- posed plan would permit governments to diately identify and correct mistakes, sug- teachers.” potential” “The danger is that it has create bilateral agreements between individ- gest better word and phrasing choices,” Online education like MIL, the potential to change the he wrote in an email. “The key is to get she added, can be a more ef- Tamar mayer ual states, which would then be cobbled to- Professor of Geography basic character of the institu- gether to create a more comprehensive plan. interactive feedback from a real person” These new directives would permit a swift - language education to stu- change in the governance of the union, al- ing too many online students. dents across the country. “Suddenly the door has been opened to Swift was previously acting governor lowing select European authorities to more While reticent to comment on MIL thinking in terms of market appeal and of Massachussetts, and has long been an tightly control the budgetary limitations of - the possibility — if not the practicality — advocate of public school reform. She also eurozone nations. come a criterion for all our decision-mak- - helped develop John McCain’s education While many experts have praised this ing, rather than what is the right thing to cation. platform in his 2008 bid for president. plan for its potential to calm the turbulent do.” markets in Europe and around the world, “Done properly, I think online lan- guage instruction has the potential to be CONCERNS OVER THE PROFIT MOTIVE others have called for a reduction in the in- MIL AND K12 INC. effective,” he added. “Whether it will be Several members of the faculty are tegration of European economies. They ar- The College has been careful to main- done properly — and whether it is even concerned that by allowing the company gue that the E.U.’s failure to curb spending tain its independence from K12, which economically feasible to do it properly — - is not only a sign of limitations of the union’s has received some criticism in the nation- is another issue altogether.” ward pleasing consumers over providing economic model, but also serves to highlight al media in recent weeks for its students’ a well-rounded education. One language - low test results and its conservative po- tive action model of the union’s size. DISPLACING OR REMAKING PUBLIC professor at the College, who requested litical ties. K12 has donated over half a In most democratic countries, higher- SCHOOLS? anonymity as she was not authorized million dollars to Republican candidates earners are required to contribute more to Unlike other products by K12 which to speak on the topic, cited an example since 2004, The Washington Post report- the state through higher tax payments, mak- are geared toward homeschooled stu- where content was altered, potentially an ed Sunday, as school choice has long been ing up for the lower earnings of the greater dents, MIL is designed to be what educa- example of censorship. a platform of conservative advocates of portion of the population. With the super- tion experts term “blended “At one point [the French “Done properly, education reform. sized democratic model of the E.U. how- education.” In this model, language program develop- “[B]y virtue of the long list of operat- ever, there is no such required balancing. students take the major- I think online ers] were asked to … delete ing agreements that formed the new com- ity of their classes in tra- a scene of people drinking language pany,” Liebowitz told the Campus in April ditional brick-and-mortar champagne,” she said. “That schools, then take select instruction has to me is not just a detail, it 2010, “Middlebury controls the content of what the new company produces, and Since the creation of the eurozone in courses online, often facili- the potential to be has to do with culture. It’s a 1999, lower earners such as Greece, Italy tated by site licenses sold small thing, but it may just nothing can carry the Middlebury name and Portugal have been permitted to spend directly to school districts. effective” be the tip of the iceberg.” on it if it is not approved by Middlebury.” well beyond their means, relying on a false Susan Ohanian, a long- The professor questioned Critics, though, question whether MIL John villasenor can truly remain independent from its af- time teacher and researcher Nonresident Fellow at whether these changes were earning states. Without structures in place - the Brookings Institution to prevent overspending, politicians in these cally K12 — emphasized the the need for the product to company. nations campaigned on bloated social pro- importance of the program remain appealing to parents “What I object to the most [about MIL] grams, promising earlier retirement and - who would not buy it if it included dis- more vacation days — creating budgets that ing teachers. Reducing the total number agreeable content, regardless of its cul- right-wing organization that is buying their states had no way of repaying. of teachers through a centralizing model, tural import. out the school system,” wrote one profes- Having now reached an economic tip- she argued, is not in the best interest of sor in an email, who requested not to be ping point, two main currents of thought students or teachers. Vice President for Language Schools, named given the sensitivity of the issue. with respect to the reform of the Union have “I have no problem if the class [given Schools Abroad and Graduate Programs “Middlebury seems to think it can build online] really isn’t available,” she said. Michael E. Geisler maintains there is no European newspapers at the moment, calls “But if they are claiming it’s not available about in the paper and the K12 involved for greater economic integration. This plan and not hiring teachers that are out there; but rather a desire to keep the program with the MIL project.” is based upon the federalist model of the United States, and relies upon a stronger central governing body afforded the capac- Professors question the ity to decide upon the budget for each indi- vidual nation. The second model calls for a reduction in economic integration. It recognizes the wisdom of Pass/Fail courses resolution during the debate period. MCAB’s WHAT’S - CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 gets of 17 unique nations, and emphasizes President of the SGA Vin Recca ’12 stated the necessity to return to democracy on a sues with this portion of the resolution. that the Pass/Fail Resolution was his larg- smaller scale. “A professor may say that it’s not a good est campaign promise and enthusiastically HAPPENING AT While pursued in diverse ways, and with idea for a student to take one of their cours- expressed his support during the meeting. undoubtedly different objectives, such a po- es Pass/Fail,” he said, “and if there are ru- Supporters of the option feel that the tra- sition has been mirrored in recent months mors going around that [a certain] student ditional grading system is too competitive MIDDLEBURY? by worldwide movements agitating for more is Pass/Fail, will there be concerns that they and that fear about one’s GPA may deter a representative democracy. Acquiescing to aren’t going to pull their weight in group the imminent need to stabilize international projects?” course. This is the most often cited problem Zeke Caceres ’15 said that he thought a markets may require greater economic in- Trivia tegration in the short term; however, Euro- with the Pass/Fail option. Many students - and professors fear that Pass-Fail removes dents at Middlebury. Test your knowledge at - Crossroads Cafe. 21+ ing the economic empire of the European incentives in the classroom. Christian Cain “It allows students to explore a new ’14 said that “[Pass/Fail may] impact my department and take advantage of the lib- bring two forms of ID. Union. THURSDAY 9-11 P.M. A failure to do so will permit the propaga- experience in the classroom if some of the eral arts at Middlebury because it’s less of tion of a system that will write the story of its students are not as well prepared.” Others a risk,” he said. “It’s learning for the sake of own demise. While an overarching democ- fear that a Pass/Fail option removes com- learning, not grades.” Free Friday Film racy the size of the European Union has nev- petition in the classroom that could other- The EAC plans to open discussion on the Final Destination 5 er before been tried, similarly large models Pass/Fail option during Winter Term. Dur- At Dana Auditorium. have been employed under different politi- Students appear to be largely supportive ing this time, the committee will research FRIDAY AT 7 & 10 P.M. cal systems, and have all resulted in failure. of instituting a Pass/Fail option at the Col- the potential impact of instating such a pro- Nicholas Sarkozy is not Napoleon lege. The SGA has received a large amount of gram as well as surveying both student and Zumba Bonaparte, and Angela Merkel is not Otto support for this resolution, passing it unan- professor opinion. Given this timeframe, Come dance the calories Von Bismarck; these leaders must take imously. An email invitation was extended even if the EAC does eventually approve the away at McCullough to students to attend the Nov. 20 meeting program, Senator Polebaum believes that Social Space. policy that threatens to pull democracy even of the SGA when this resolution was voted the earliest students at the College could see SUNDAY AT 4 P.M. further from contact with the people it pro- upon. About 10 students showed up for the this program in place would be the fall term fesses to represent. meeting and offered their thoughts on the of the 2012-2013 school year. december 1, 2011 | News 3 Admissions optimistic about EDI diversity
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 Despite the slight decrease this year, applicant’s voice really comes through,” Buckles said the College typically draws said Carbollo. a high number of EDI applicants. overseas Although most trends in applicants “Historically, Middlebury has at- have remained consistent, Buckles noted tracted a larger number of early decision applicants than our peer schools,” said briefing an increase in applicants from California. Buckles. “There is a very strong notion of “While we’re pleased to have so many BY NATHAN GOLDSTONE’13 what Middlebury is about.” strong candidates from there, it’s also Identifying reasons for the College’s Irkutsk, Russia appeal, Buckles said, “Two of the areas of Something is rotten in the state of Russia, education in that state,” he said. “Many greatest interest among college students and the youth in Siberia have started to of our peers reported seeing similar in- currently intersect perfectly with two of make a stink. While the weather has begun creases.” Greg Buckles Manuel Carbollo Middlebury’s signature programs, inter- its descent into frigid temperatures in my He also noted that the range of aca- national studies and languages, and en- now-hometown of Irkutsk, the city’s legacy panded to Chicago this year, and Discov- demic interests has stayed relatively con- vironmental studies and sustainability.” of embracing rebellious youth is heating up er Middlebury, also focus on increasing stant. The target number of early decision as Russia’s Dec. 4 legislative elections near. “Certainly ‘undecided’ remains popu- diversity. acceptances is 230 for September admis- Russia’s claim of maintaining a demo- lar, as you›d hope and expect with can- “We had a very successful Discover sion and 30 for February admission, with cratic state is, in practical terms, something didates interested in the liberal arts, but Middlebury program in October and felt most students who are not admitted be- between farce and façade. Parties oppos- virtually all programs at Middlebury re- great about that group of students who ing deferred to the regular decision pool. ing the Putin-Medvedev tandem heading ceive a lot of interest from prospective were here,” said Buckles. Typically, 45 percent of the matricu- United Russia do exist, but only nominally. lating class is accepted through the ED I students,” said Buckles. Although the exact percentages of Prime Minister Putin has befriended or and II. EDII and Regular Decision appli- According to Buckles, diversity con- U.S. students of color and international hired those who control the television news cations are due Jan. 1. students who applied EDI are still being stations, and smaller parties seem to be tinues to be a focus for student recruit- The target size for the Class of 2016 is given only airtime when they appear un- ment. In attempts to increase the diver- determined, Buckles is optimistic. 600 students for September admission electable and out of touch. “We’re expecting to have a strong and 90 students for February admission. It is becoming clear that Russia’s youth increased travel around the country. class and ideally even stronger in terms EDI applicants will hear back mid- are disenchanted with this one-party hold- Programs such as Posse, which was ex- of representation of diversity.” December. over from their parents’ socialist state, and, with the help of modern technology, are be- ginning to change their nation’s political re- ality. This month in Krasnoyarsk, 15-year- College considers food studies minor old Matvei Tsivinyuk posted a video online of his principal’s explosive response after By Jess Berry large and the other would involve all how things work or don’t work, what the the student defaced a United Russia poster A proposal for the new Food and Agri- faculty members teaching food studies fundamental issues and obstacles are and that hung in his school. No other party was cultural Studies minor was submitted to courses. Each would contribute a lecture hopefully develop new ways of thinking permitted advertisement on the premises the Curriculum Committee the week of or a week of classes to introduce the inter- about the very real problems facing us,” until national attention forced a change of Nov. 13. The proposed minor will consist disciplinary nature of food studies. wrote Gates. “That sort of thinking and policy. Two food-related courses will be of- skill development will make students Here in Irkutsk students regularly orga- research opportunity. fered this Winter Term, though they both nize small, politically motivated gatherings The work toward creating a Food and arose independently of the food minor. or graduate programs.” through social networking sites like Kon- Agricultural Studies minor began in the Food Geographies will be taught by visit- Kate Strangfeld ’12, a co-manager of takt — most often in the form of short-lived fall of 2010, when a subgroup of faculty at ing professor Jesse McEntee. Young will Crossroads Café, plans to attend graduate the Environmental Council suggested the be teaching a course called On Food and school for food studies. She believes the — which work to make young voters more idea. Professor of Biology Helen Young Cooking. united and more vocal in their discontent. was a chair for the council and has spear- “Once I became very interested in addition as a liberal studies minor. While such activity is sometimes indirect headed the creation of the minor ever food in the curriculum, and it was appar- “Being someone who is involved with in purpose, the individual efforts in Irkutsk since. ent that I needed to teach a Winter Term food both in practice and in academics, I have already produced results. Last year, course, I put my thoughts together and United Russia placed heavy support on the a general interest in food and food in the decided I would love to do something on an incredibly wide scope of topics,” wrote mayor of the nearby city of Bratsk to take food and cooking with a chef in Atwater,” Strangfeld in an email. “I think it’s great over in Irkutsk, and when it was clear that meeting as a group we decided that we said Young. “So I’m combining the bio- that the College is taking an interdisci- he could not win decisively, the party used would like to pursue at least investigat- logical and culinary aspects of food into plinary approach to the minor. I think ing a proposal for a food studies minor. one course.” it captures the liberal arts spirit of the disqualify the leading candidate. In protest, At that point we heard that something The Center for Education in Action school and shows how food has a rela- - informal had already been proposed by (EIA) has been working to develop new ly of the Communist Party but effectively an students well before us, and so we used internships within the food industry. independent, by a margin of 35 percent. that as the skeleton to start our proposal.” Current opportunities offered through Supporters of food studies are now Unfortunately, three months after win- Since the discussion over the food mi- MOJO include internships with Shel- waiting for the Curriculum Committee to ning the mayoral elections, Kondrashov nor began a year ago, investigations into burne Farms, Golden Russet Farms, the make a decision on the Food and Agricul- announced his new allegiance to United the classes that are currently offered, the Center for Agricultural Economy, Sun- tural Studies minor proposal. The com- Russia. Many Irkutiane view this as a ca- classes that should be offered in the fu- rise Orchards, EatingWell Magazine, mittee consists of four faculty members, reer-saving maneuver, but the real motives ture and possibilities for internships have GoodFoodJobs, Canaan Farm and Butler a registrar and Director of the Natural behind the change are unclear. been at the forefront of the work needed Green Farms. Sciences and Dean of Curriculum Robert Irkutsk’s youth has begun taking mat- to get the minor off the ground. Associate Dean of the College and Di- Cluss. ters into their own hands. Not long ago, I befriended Sasha, a local celebrity of sorts The proposed minor will consist of rector of the Center for Education Lisa Young believes that the widespread and one of the main organizers of political four courses, which will include two man- Gates said that other internships are in support of the minor will help to get the gatherings around the city. He believes that datory introductory courses and two elec- the process of being created. proposal approved. it is best to change the system from within. tives, and an internship or research work. “We’re working on a pilot program in “Every time we do a group gathering In ardent opposition to United Russia, he “We wanted to keep it accessible, add- Louisville, Ky., called ‘Louisville Food to talk about food the energy level is ex- Works’ and hope to have a dozen Middle- traordinary,” said Young. “And it’s not stipend for his dedication, which he then bury students working there this summer courses does not allow a broad enough in different areas of the local food econ- I know it’s there among the students, but Given that Putin was effectively appoint- exposure to the different aspects of food.” omy,” wrote Gates in an email. “We’re it seems to be everywhere. I think all you ed president six months before any demo- Some professors at the College already developing opportunities there in food have to do is look around and look at the cratic motion on the matter would take offer courses that could be used as elec- production, public policy, health and nu- Farm to Plate program, the tremendous place, the December vote for the legislature tives for the minor. Courses would be of- trition, food deserts and food security.” support of CSAs, the fact that the Middle- is certainly, to a large degree, already de- fered in multiple disciplines, including bury Natural Food Co-Op is a hub of ac- cided. Nevertheless, young people all over biology, chemistry, geology, anthropol- tivity and growth and the presence of the the country are laying the groundwork for ogy and literature. opportunities for students after gradua- college farm — it’s clear that the presence a more democratic future, and are doing so Of the two new introductory courses tion. of knowing where your food comes from with a farsightedness that tends to elude being proposed, one would discuss sus- “Internships like these are a power- and wanting to play some role in that is their more politically categorized counter- tainable agriculture or food systems at huge.” parts in America. - tesque contradictions often have their way PUBLIC SAFETY LOG November 14-27, 2011 with reason — I think I understand where my peers are coming from when they laugh DATE TIME INCIDENT DESCRIPTION LOCATION DISPOSITION off this election season while devoting their lives to the next. They have realized that 11/14/11 10:43 a.m. Fireworks Possession Pearsons REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN this war against pseudo-Soviet politics, like 11/14/11 3:10 p.m Property Missing Bike Bike Rack REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN most great wars in their country’s history, 11/16/11 9:31 p.m. Driving Offense Student driving wrong way Hillcrest Road REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN will be one of simmering attrition. 11/18/11 1:50 a.m. Vandalism College building sign Voter REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN Who knows what will come of the stu- 11/18/11 unknown Vandalism Vegetation 637 College Street REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN dent demonstrations and organizations Was soon located Coffrin Hall 11/20/11 6:30 a.m. Missing Adult REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN spreading across Siberia, but one thing is Ceiling tiles Coffrin Hall 11/22/11 3:55 a.m. Vandalism REFERRED TO DOC AND COMMONS DEAN clear: the children of the Far East want in The Department of Public Safety reported giving 10 alcohol citations between 11/14/2011 and 11/27/2011. on the Western World, and it seems only a matter of time before their corrosive unrest comes to a head. 4NEWS Council discusses Public college community council shorts By Hannah Bristol ship, and decided to work toward creat- engagement and is encouraging under- In the Community Council meeting on ing opportunities for students to meet the Nov. 15, the council was joined by Ser- staff in their building. They created an “Simply put, please come in and see geant Chris Thompson from the Depart- ad-hoc committee to focus on dorm dam- ment of Public Safety to discuss the de- age consisting of four council members. House feel like a place you can stop in and partment’s role on campus. Director of the Center for Education in get to know us,” said Mosehauer. Thompson explained the organiza- - The meeting allowed for an open fo- COMPILED BY KELSEY COLLINS tion of Public Safety and their charge un- tor of Civic Engagement and Internships - der the Vermont Liquor Control Board, Peggy Burns, Director of Career Services ty, staff and students, allowing all parties UC Davis Chancellor takes as well as their view of parties and their strategy for controlling them. The council Career Services Tim Mosehauer joined “It was great to have a chance to talk heat after pepper spray intends to invite members of Public Safe- the Council on Nov. 28 to update the with students and faculty about our work. - There was clear interest from the faculty cohol and Social Life Committee has had - in working closely with us to support stu- on students at the University of California at more time to work. dents in exploring work and grad school Davis participating in Occupy Wall Street pro- The council also approved the cre- - options after college [and] interest from tests on Nov. 18 has sparked national outrage, ation of the Solar Decathlon house, Self - students in having academic departments and the Youtube footage of the incident has Reliance, as an academic interest house. gun frequently analyzing data to discover support that exploration,” said Gates. gone viral with millions of views. UC Davis Three or four students will live there how they can more effectively help stu- Chancellor Linda Katehi has announced that starting spring semester with the goal of dents and reach out to groups that are not trying very hard to adapt to — or even get the university is dropping all charges against promoting sustainable living. ahead of- student needs, and they are cer- the protestors and is offering to cover the cost In the meeting on Nov. 21, the council “Our goal is to be a central resource for tainly making progress; however, there is of medical expenses incurred by students students seeking hands-on experiences - various aspects of dorm damage and so- through internships, projects, volunteer resentatives were very open to concrete Katehi claimed that she had simply instruct- cial life have been discussed. work and advising on career directions,” constructive critcism, and I encourage ed the campus police to take down the tents The council focused on ways to im- said Gates. people to send them their thoughts,” said that had been erected on the campus quad prove student-custodial staff relation- Tik Root ’12. and had never authorized the use of violence. Katehi has faced calls for her resignation, and involved in the incident have been suspended. — UWIRE SEE SAY SEND Asst. Syracuse basketball 1SOMETHING 2SOMETHING 3SOMETHING