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Invasive Front Cover Copy.Indd Invasive Plants of Alaska Produced as a cooperative project with the U.S. Department of the Interior, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Alaska Soil and Water Conservation District, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service, and the Alaska Natural Heritage Program. Acknowledgements Invasive Plants of Alaska was preparedprepared collaborativelycollaboratively byby the Alaska Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse. Edited by: Matt Carlson, Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Natural Heritage Program Jeff Heys, Exotic Plant Management Team Liaison, DOI National Park Service, Alaska Regional Offi ce, Anchorage Michael Shephard, Vegetation Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Alaska Region Forest Health Protection, Anchorage Jamie Snyder, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperative Extension Service, Anchorage Compiled by: Penny Bauder, Biologist, DOI National Park Service, Alaska Regional Offi ce, Anchorage Elizabeth Bella, Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, Seward Tom Heutte, Biological Technician, USDA Forest Service, Juneau Irina Lapina, Botanist, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Natural Heritage Program Chris McKee, Ecologist, formerly United States Geological Survey, currently USDA Forest Service, Seward Citation guide: (AKEPIC 2005) AKEPIC—Alaska Exotic Plant Information Clearing- house. 2005. Invasive Plants of Alaska. Alaska Associa- tion of Conservation Districts Publication. Anchorage, Alaska. i We wish to thank the following for reviewing the manuscript: Jeff Conn, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fairbanks Roseann Densmore, DOI United States Geological Survey, Anchorage Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks Julie Riley, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperative Extension Service, Anchorage Corlene Rose, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperative Extension Service, Anchorage We wish to thank the many photographers who donated the use of their work for this publication. We also wish to thank Dave Allen with The Design Group on the Chugach National Forest for the preparation of the manuscript. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements.................................................................................i Table of Contents..................................................................................iii Introduction...........................................................................................1 Management..........................................................................................9 Plant Families.......................................................................................19 Asteraceae (Sunfl ower Family)............................................................21 Centaurea biebersteinii, spotted knapknapweed....................................22weed....................................22 Cirsium arvense, Canada thistle......................................................28 Cirsium vulgare, bull thistle...........................................................32 Hieracium aurantiacum, orange hawkweed and other hawkweeds.........................................................................35 Leucanthemum vulgare, oxeye daisy................................................39 Senecio jacobaea, tansy ragwort......................................................43 Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus, perennial sowthistle....................46 Tanacetum vulgare, common tansy.................................................50 Tragopogon dubius, western salsify.................................................54 Tripleurospermum perforata, scentless false mayweed...................57 Cotula coronopifolia, brassbuttons.................................................61 Crepis tectorum, narrowleaf hawksbeard........................................63 Hypochaeris radicata, spotted catsear.............................................66 Lactuca serriola, prickly lettuce......................................................68 Lapsana communis, nipplewort......................................................70 Leontondon autumnalis, hawkbit...................................................72 Matricaria discoidea, pineapple weed.............................................73 Mycelis muralis, wall lettuce...........................................................75 Taraxacum offi cinale ssp. offi cinale, common dandelion...............77 Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)...........................................................81 Alliaria petiolata, garlic mustard...................................................82 Brassica rapa, birdsrape mustard...................................................86 Capsella bursa-pastoris, shepherd’s purse........................................88 Descurainia sophia, fl ixweed..........................................................90 Hesperis matronalis, sweetrocket....................................................92 Lepidium densifl orum, common peppergrass.................................94 iii Rorippa austriaca, Austrian yellowcress.........................................96 Thlaspi arvense, fi eld pennycress....................................................98 Fabaceae (Pea Family)......................................................................101 Melilotus alba, white sweetclover..................................................102 Vicia cracca, bird vetch.................................................................107 Lupinus polyphyllus, bigleaf lupine...............................................111 Medicago lupulina, black medick.................................................113 Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover.................................................115 Poaceae (Grass Family)....................................................................117 Bromus tectorum, cheatgrass.........................................................118 Elymus repens, quackgrass.............................................................124 Phalaris arundinacea, reed canarygrass........................................128 Spartina alternifl ora, smooth cordgrass.......................................132 Poa pratensis, Kentucky bluegrass................................................136 Dactylis glomerata, orchardgrass..................................................140 Hordeum jubatum, foxtail barley..................................................142 Lolium perenne, Italian ryegrass...................................................144 Phleum pratense, common timothy..............................................146 Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family)...................................................149 Polygonum cuspidatum, Japanese knotweed.................................150 Polygonum aviculare, prostrate knotweed.....................................155 Polygonum convolvulus, black bindweed......................................157 Rumex acetosella, common sheep sorrel........................................159 Other Families.................................................................................161 Heracleum mantegazzianum, giant hogweed (Apiaceae (Carrot) Family)........................................................................162 Impatiens glandulifera, ornamental jewelweed (Balsaminaceae (Balsam) Family).............................................166 Euphorbia esula, leafy spurge (Euphorbiaceae (Spurge) Family)......................................................................170 Myriophyllum spicatum, Eurasian watermilfoil (Haloragaceae (Water Milfoil) Family)....................................173 Galeopsis bifi da, hempnettle (Lamiaceae (Mint) Family)............176 Lythrum salicaria, purple loosestrife (Lythraceae (Loosestrife) Family)................................................................179 Linaria vulgaris, yellow toadfl ax (Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) Family).....................................................................182 iv Digitalis purpurea, foxglove (Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) Family)......................................................................186 Euphrasia nemorosa, common eyebright (Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) Family)......................................................................188 Less Aggressive Species....................................................................191 Lappula squarrosa, bluebur (Boraginaceae (Borage) Family).......................................................................192 Myosotis scorpioides, marsh forget-me-not (Boraginaceae (Borage) Family).......................................................................194 Saponaria offi cinalis, bouncingbet (Caryophyllaceae (Pink) Family)...........................................................................196 Silene noctifl ora, night-blooming cockle (Caryophyllaceae (Pink) Family)...............................................199 Spergula arvensis, corn spurry (Caryophyllaceae (Pink) Family)...........................................................................201 Stellaria media, common chickweed (Caryophyllaceae (Pink) Family)...........................................................................203 Chenopodium album, lambsquarters (Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot) Family)..................................................................205 Hypericum perforatum, common St. Johnswort (Clusiaceae (Mangosteen) Family)............................................207 Convolvulus arvensis, fi eld bindweed (Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory) Family)...........................................................209
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