The Size of Lymph Nodes in the Neck on Sonograms As a Radiologic Criterion for Metastasis: How Reliable Is It?
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Left Supraclavicular Lymphadenopathy As the Only Clinical Presentation of Prostate Cancer: a Case Report
ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2017 17/2 DOI: 10.1515/acm-2017-0011 41 LEFT SUPRACLAVICULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY AS THE ONLY CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PROSTATE CANCER: A CASE REPORT MOHANAD ABUSULTAN1, HANZEL P2, DURCANSKY D3, HAJTMAN A3. 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Prievidza Hospital, Slovak Republic 2Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin, Slovak Republic 3Department of Pathology, Prievidza Hospital, Slovak Republic A bstract Prostate cancer usually metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and can rarely metastases to nonregional supradi- aphragmatic lymph nodes. Cervical lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer is extremely rare. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in male patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. In this report we present a rare case of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma with left supra- clavicular lymphadenopathy as the only clinical presentation with no other evidence of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes or bone metastasis. Key words: Prostate cancer, Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, Metastasis INTRODUCTION Most of cancer metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes is from cancers of the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract. The second most common source of metastasis is nonmucosal tumors in the head and neck such as salivary glands, thyroid glands and skin [1]. Cancers originating from sites other than the head and neck can rarely metastasize to the cervical lymph nodes. However, neoplasms of the genitourinary tract make up a sig- nificant proportion of these cancers and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of the head and neck [2]. -
Corpora Amylacea Act As Containers That Remove Waste Products from the Brain
Corpora amylacea act as containers that remove waste products from the brain Marta Ribaa,b,c,1, Elisabet Augéa,b,c,1, Joan Campo-Sabariza,d, David Moral-Antera,d, Laura Molina-Porcele, Teresa Ximelise, Ruth Ferrera,d, Raquel Martín-Venegasa,d, Carme Pelegría,b,c,2, and Jordi Vilaplanaa,b,c,2 aSecció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; bInstitut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; cCentros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; dInstitut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08291 Barcelona, Spain; and eNeurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc- Hospital Clinic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain Edited by Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, and approved November 5, 2019 (received for review August 8, 2019) Corpora amylacea (CA) in the human brain are granular bodies 6). Nonetheless, we observed that CA contain glycogen synthase formed by polyglucosan aggregates that amass waste products of (GS), an indispensable enzyme for polyglucosan formation, and different origins. They are generated by astrocytes, mainly during also ubiquitin and protein p62, both associated with processes of aging and neurodegenerative conditions, and are located predom- elimination of waste substances (5). The relationship between CA inantly in periventricular and subpial regions. This study shows that and waste substances is recurrent in the literature. Already in 1999, CA are released from these regions to the cerebrospinal fluid and after a detailed and complete review, Cavanagh indicated that “CA are present in the cervical lymph nodes, into which cerebrospinal functions seem to be directed towards trapping and sequestration fluid drains through the meningeal lymphatic system. -
Adaptive Immune Systems
Immunology 101 (for the Non-Immunologist) Abhinav Deol, MD Assistant Professor of Oncology Wayne State University/ Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit MI Presentation originally prepared and presented by Stephen Shiao MD, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Disclosures Bristol-Myers Squibb – Contracted Research What is the immune system? A network of proteins, cells, tissues and organs all coordinated for one purpose: to defend one organism from another It is an infinitely adaptable system to combat the complex and endless variety of pathogens it must address Outline Structure of the immune system Anatomy of an immune response Role of the immune system in disease: infection, cancer and autoimmunity Organs of the Immune System Major organs of the immune system 1. Bone marrow – production of immune cells 2. Thymus – education of immune cells 3. Lymph Nodes – where an immune response is produced 4. Spleen – dual role for immune responses (especially antibody production) and cell recycling Origins of the Immune System B-Cell B-Cell Self-Renewing Common Progenitor Natural Killer Lymphoid Cell Progenitor Thymic T-Cell Selection Hematopoetic T-Cell Stem Cell Progenitor Dendritic Cell Myeloid Progenitor Granulocyte/M Macrophage onocyte Progenitor The Immune Response: The Art of War “Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles without disaster.” -Sun Tzu, The Art of War Immunity: Two Systems and Their Key Players Adaptive Immunity Innate Immunity Dendritic cells (DC) B cells Phagocytes (Macrophages, Neutrophils) Natural Killer (NK) Cells T cells Dendritic Cells: “Commanders-in-Chief” • Function: Serve as the gateway between the innate and adaptive immune systems. -
Human Anatomy As Related to Tumor Formation Book Four
SEER Program Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Book Four Second Edition U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutesof Health SEER PROGRAM SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR CANCER REGISTRARS Book 4 - Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Second Edition Prepared by: SEER Program Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Editor in Chief: Evelyn M. Shambaugh, M.A., CTR Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Assisted by Self-Instructional Manual Committee: Dr. Robert F. Ryan, Emeritus Professor of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Mildred A. Weiss Los Angeles, California Mary A. Kruse Bethesda, Maryland Jean Cicero, ART, CTR Health Data Systems Professional Services Riverdale, Maryland Pat Kenny Medical Illustrator for Division of Research Services National Institutes of Health CONTENTS BOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RELATED TO TUMOR FORMATION Page Section A--Objectives and Content of Book 4 ............................... 1 Section B--Terms Used to Indicate Body Location and Position .................. 5 Section C--The Integumentary System ..................................... 19 Section D--The Lymphatic System ....................................... 51 Section E--The Cardiovascular System ..................................... 97 Section F--The Respiratory System ....................................... 129 Section G--The Digestive System ......................................... 163 Section -
M. H. RATZLAFF: the Superficial Lymphatic System of the Cat 151
M. H. RATZLAFF: The Superficial Lymphatic System of the Cat 151 Summary Four examples of severe chylous lymph effusions into serous cavities are reported. In each case there was an associated lymphocytopenia. This resembled and confirmed the findings noted in experimental lymph drainage from cannulated thoracic ducts in which the subject invariably devdops lymphocytopenia as the lymph is permitted to drain. Each of these patients had com munications between the lymph structures and the serous cavities. In two instances actual leakage of the lymphography contrrult material was demonstrated. The performance of repeated thoracenteses and paracenteses in the presenc~ of communications between the lymph structures and serous cavities added to the effect of converting the. situation to one similar to thoracic duct drainage .The progressive immaturity of the lymphocytes which was noted in two patients lead to the problem of differentiating them from malignant cells. The explanation lay in the known progressive immaturity of lymphocytes which appear when lymph drainage persists. Thankful acknowledgement is made for permission to study patients from the services of Drs. H. J. Carroll, ]. Croco, and H. Sporn. The graphs were prepared in the Department of Medical Illustration and Photography, Dowristate Medical Center, Mr. Saturnino Viloapaz, illustrator. References I Beebe, D. S., C. A. Hubay, L. Persky: Thoracic duct 4 Iverson, ]. G.: Phytohemagglutinin rcspon•e of re urctcral shunt: A method for dccrcasingi circulating circulating and nonrecirculating rat lymphocytes. Exp. lymphocytes. Surg. Forum 18 (1967), 541-543 Cell Res. 56 (1969), 219-223 2 Gesner, B. M., J. L. Gowans: The output of lympho 5 Tilney, N. -
Brain-To-Cervical Lymph Node Signaling After Stroke
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13324-w OPEN Brain-to-cervical lymph node signaling after stroke Elga Esposito1, Bum Ju Ahn1, Jingfei Shi1,2, Yoshihiko Nakamura 1,3, Ji Hyun Park1, Emiri T. Mandeville 1, Zhanyang Yu1, Su Jing Chan 1,4, Rakhi Desai1, Ayumi Hayakawa1, Xunming Ji2, Eng H. Lo1,5*& Kazuhide Hayakawa1,5* After stroke, peripheral immune cells are activated and these systemic responses may amplify brain damage, but how the injured brain sends out signals to trigger systemic inflammation remains unclear. Here we show that a brain-to-cervical lymph node (CLN) 1234567890():,; pathway is involved. In rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia, lymphatic endothelial cells proliferate and macrophages are rapidly activated in CLNs within 24 h, in part via VEGF-C/ VEGFR3 signalling. Microarray analyses of isolated lymphatic endothelium from CLNs of ischemic mice confirm the activation of transmembrane tyrosine kinase pathways. Blockade of VEGFR3 reduces lymphatic endothelial activation, decreases pro-inflammatory macro- phages, and reduces brain infarction. In vitro, VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signalling in lymphatic endothelial cells enhances inflammatory responses in co-cultured macrophages. Lastly, surgical removal of CLNs in mice significantly reduces infarction after focal cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that modulating the brain-to-CLN pathway may offer therapeutic opportunities to ameliorate systemic inflammation and brain injury after stroke. 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA. 2 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 3 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Jonan, Fukuoka, Japan. -
Silicone Granuloma: a Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy Following Breast Implantation Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor ,1,2 Youssef Mentias,2 Francis Stafford2
Case report BMJ Case Rep: first published as 10.1136/bcr-2020-239395 on 3 March 2021. Downloaded from Silicone granuloma: a cause of cervical lymphadenopathy following breast implantation Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor ,1,2 Youssef Mentias,2 Francis Stafford2 1Population Health Sciences SUMMARY painless lumps had been progressively enlarging Institute, Newcastle University, We report a case of a 54-year -old woman with saline- over a 2- week period. She had also been having Newcastle upon Tyne, UK based breast implants who presented to the ear, nose episodes of night sweats but she felt these were 2Otolaryngology & Radiology and throat neck lump clinic with a 2- week history of related to her menopause. She had not noticed Department, Sunderland Royal bilateral neck lumps. She was found to have multiple any other lumps around her body. She denied any Hospital, Sunderland, UK palpable cervical lymph nodes bilaterally in levels IV weight loss and had no head and neck red flag Correspondence to and Vb. The ultrasonography demonstrated multiple symptoms or B- type symptoms. Additionally, she Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor; lymph nodes with the snowstorm sign and a core had no recent viral illness. amar. rajgor@ newcastle. ac. uk biopsy confirmed a silicone granuloma (siliconoma). Thirteen years prior to presentation, she had This granuloma was likely caused by bleeding gel from bilateral breast augmentation with silicone- based Accepted 11 February 2021 the silicone shell of her saline-based implants. This case implants. Three years following insertion, her sili- demonstrates the importance of bleeding gel from saline- cone implants were recalled by the manufacturer based implants, in the absence of implant rupture. -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provides Evidence of Glymphatic Drainage
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to Received: 25 October 2017 Accepted: 26 April 2018 cervical lymph nodes Published: xx xx xxxx Per Kristian Eide 1,2, Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol 2,3, Kyrre Eeg Emblem3,4 & Geir Ringstad2,5 Pre-clinical research in rodents provides evidence that the central nervous system (CNS) has functional lymphatic vessels. In-vivo observations in humans, however, are not demonstrated. We here show data on CNS lymphatic drainage to cervical lymph nodes in-vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with an intrathecal contrast agent as a cerebrospinal fuid (CSF) tracer. Standardized MRI of the intracranial compartment and the neck were acquired before and up to 24–48 hours following intrathecal contrast agent administration in 19 individuals. Contrast enhancement was radiologically confrmed by signal changes in CSF nearby inferior frontal gyrus, brain parenchyma of inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and pons, and parenchyma of cervical lymph node, and with sagittal sinus and neck muscle serving as reference tissue for cranial and neck MRI acquisitions, respectively. Time series of changes in signal intensity shows that contrast enhancement within CSF precedes glymphatic enhancement and peaks at 4–6 hours following intrathecal injection. Cervical lymph node enhancement coincides in time with peak glymphatic enhancement, with peak after 24 hours. Our fndings provide in-vivo evidence of CSF tracer drainage to cervical lymph nodes in humans. The time course of lymph node enhancement coincided with brain glymphatic enhancement rather than with CSF enhancement. In 2015, the traditional view of the brain having no lymphatic vessels was challenged by evidence showing func- tional lymphatic vessels lining the cranial dural sinuses in rodents1,2. -
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease Norimichi Tashiro, MD; Tomoyo Matsubara, MD; Masashi Uchida, MD; Kumiko Katayama, MD; Takashi Ichiyama, MD; and Susumu Furukawa, MD ABSTRACT. Objective. Kawasaki disease (KD) is one tery lesions (CAL), which can lead to myocardial of the common causes of cervical lymphadenopathy dur- infarction or even death.2 Early diagnosis and treat- ing early childhood. The purpose of this study was to ment with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) can compare the ultrasonographic feature of cervical lymph reduce the risk of cardiac complications of KD.3 Be- nodes in patients with KD, bacterial lymphadenitis, and cause there are no specific diagnostic tests for KD, infectious mononucleosis. Design. We studied 22 patients with KD, 8 with pre- the diagnosis is established by the presence of 5 of 6 sumed bacterial lymphadenitis, and 5 with Epstein-Barr criteria in the absence of some other explanation for virus infectious mononucleosis. We examined the cervi- the illness.1 The Japanese diagnostic criteria include cal nodes by ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz or 10- the following: 1) fever persisting for 5 days or longer; MHz transducer of a B-mode sector scanner in all pa- 2) nonexudative conjunctival injections; 3) oral mu- tients with a chief complaint of fever and a visible cosal changes; 4) changes of the peripheral extremi- cervical mass during a fixed time interval (July 1995- ties; 5) rash, primarily truncal; and 6) cervical lymph- March 2000). adenopathy (at least 15 mm in diameter). Cervical Results. In KD patients, transverse ultrasonograms demonstrated multiple hypoechoic-enlarged nodes form- lymphadenopathy is the least common diagnostic ing one palpable mass, which resembled a cluster of criterion and is present in approximately 50% to 75% grapes. -
Patterns of Lymphatic Drainage in the Adultlaboratory
J. Anat. (1971), 109, 3, pp. 369-383 369 With 11 figures Printed in Great Britain Patterns of lymphatic drainage in the adult laboratory rat NICHOLAS L. TILNEY Department of Surgery, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Accepted 27 April 1971) INTRODUCTION This study was undertaken to define and elucidate patterns of lymphatic drainage in the adult laboratory rat. The incentive for the work arose from investigations into the role of regional lymphatics in the sensitization of the host by skin allografts. It has become clear that the response of rats to antigens, investigated increasingly in the available inbred strains, requires an accurate knowledge of lymphoid anatomy and lymphatic drainage routes. Examinations of the lymphatics of specific body areas of the rat have appeared sporadically in the literature, but descriptions of regional drainage patterns, especially of peripheral sites, are unavailable. Previous investigations by Job (1919), Greene (1935) and Sanders & Florey (1940) have con- centrated primarily upon the location of the lymphoid tissues. Miotti (1965) has stressed visceral drainage, and Higgins (1925) has described the lymphatic system of the newborn rat. A more complete definition of both somatic and visceral lymphatic routes is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty normal adult rats of both sexes, each weighing between 150 and 300 g, were studied. The animals came from five strains: each inbred - Oxford strains of the albino (AO), hooded (HO), agouti (DA), and F1 hybrid of the HO and DA strains - and 'stock' animals from a closed outbred albino colony. Under ether anaesthesia, the site for cutaneous injection was clipped or a serous cavity entered for visceral injection. -
Multilingual Cancer Glossary French | Français A
Multilingual Cancer Glossary French | Français www.petermac.org/multilingualglossary email: [email protected] www.petermac.org/cancersurvivorship The Multilingual Cancer Glossary has been developed Disclaimer to provide language professionals working in the The information contained within this booklet is given cancer field with access to accurate and culturally as a guide to help support patients, carers, families and and linguistically appropriate cancer terminology. The consumers understand their healthand support their glossary addresses the known risk of mistranslation of health decision making process. cancer specific terms in resources in languages other than English. The information given is not fully comprehensive, nor is it intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent Acknowledgements any medical conditions. If you require medical assistance This project is a Cancer Australia Supporting people please contact your local doctor or call Peter Mac on with cancer Grant initiative, funded by the Australian 03 8559 5000. Government. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Peter The Australian Cancer Survivorship Centre, A Richard Pratt Mac and its employees, volunteers and agents legacy would like to thank and acknowledge all parties are not liable to any person in contract, tort who contributed to the development of the glossary. (including negligence or breach of statutory duty) or We particularly thank members of the project steering otherwise for any direct or indirect loss, damage, committee and working group, language professionals cost or expense arising out of or in connection with and community organisations for their insights and that person relying on or using any information or assistance. advice provided in this booklet or incorporated into it by reference. -
An Approach to Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Children
Singapore Med J 2020; 61(11): 569-577 Practice Integration & Lifelong Learning https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2020151 CMEARTICLE An approach to cervical lymphadenopathy in children Serena Su Ying Chang1, MMed, MRCPCH, Mengfei Xiong2, MBBS, Choon How How3,4, MMed, FCFP, Dawn Meijuan Lee1, MBBS, MRCPCH Mrs Tan took her daughter Emma, a well-thrived three-year-old girl, to the family clinic for two days of fever, sore throat and rhinorrhoea. Apart from slight decreased appetite, Mrs Tan reported that Emma’s activity level and behaviour were not affected. During the examination, Emma was interactive, her nose was congested with clear rhinorrhoea, and there was pharyngeal injection without exudates. You discovered bilateral non-tender, mobile cervical lymph nodes that were up to 1.5 cm in size. Mrs Tan was uncertain if they were present prior to her current illness. There was no organomegaly or other lymphadenopathy. You treated Emma for viral respiratory tract illness and made plans to review her in two weeks for her cervical lymphadenopathy. WHAT IS LYMPHADENOPATHY? masses in children can be classified into congenital or acquired Lymphadenopathy is defined as the presence of one or more causes. Congenital lesions are usually painless and may be identified lymph nodes of more than 1 cm in diameter, with or without an at or shortly after birth. They may also present with chronic drainage abnormality in character.(1) In children, it represents the majority or recurrent episodes of swelling, which may only be obvious in later of causes of neck masses, which are abnormal palpable lumps life or after a secondary infection.