DOCSLIB.ORG

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease Norimichi Tashiro, MD; Tomoyo Matsubara, MD; Masashi Uchida, MD; Kumiko Katayama, MD; Takashi Ichiyama, MD; and Susumu Furukawa, MD ABSTRACT. Objective. Kawasaki disease (KD) is one tery lesions (CAL), which can lead to myocardial of the common causes of cervical lymphadenopathy dur- infarction or even death.2 Early diagnosis and treat- ing early childhood. The purpose of this study was to ment with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) can compare the ultrasonographic feature of cervical lymph reduce the risk of cardiac complications of KD.3 Be- nodes in patients with KD, bacterial lymphadenitis, and cause there are no specific diagnostic tests for KD, infectious mononucleosis. Design. We studied 22 patients with KD, 8 with pre- the diagnosis is established by the presence of 5 of 6 sumed bacterial lymphadenitis, and 5 with Epstein-Barr criteria in the absence of some other explanation for virus infectious mononucleosis. We examined the cervi- the illness.1 The Japanese diagnostic criteria include cal nodes by ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz or 10- the following: 1) fever persisting for 5 days or longer; MHz transducer of a B-mode sector scanner in all pa- 2) nonexudative conjunctival injections; 3) oral mu- tients with a chief complaint of fever and a visible cosal changes; 4) changes of the peripheral extremi- cervical mass during a fixed time interval (July 1995- ties; 5) rash, primarily truncal; and 6) cervical lymph- March 2000). adenopathy (at least 15 mm in diameter). Cervical Results. In KD patients, transverse ultrasonograms demonstrated multiple hypoechoic-enlarged nodes form- lymphadenopathy is the least common diagnostic ing one palpable mass, which resembled a cluster of criterion and is present in approximately 50% to 75% grapes. The ultrasonographic appearance of these nodes of KD patients. In contrast, the other 5 criteria are was similar in patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus present in greater than 90% of patients with KD.4 infection, but differed from the pattern in presumed Nevertheless, we have experienced patients who had bacterial lymphadenitis. Five KD patients had had fever only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy at the ini- and cervical lymphadenopathy for several days before tial examination.5 The clinical presentation in KD other manifestations of KD were noted. In these patients, patients may initially resemble that of other infec- it was possible to differentiate by ultrasonography be- tious diseases, including bacterial and viral infec- tween KD and presumed bacterial lymphadenitis at an early stage. tions. It is important to recognize KD at an early Conclusion. Ultrasonographic features of cervical stage so that appropriate therapy can be initiated. lymph nodes were different for KD than for presumed For this reason, we investigated cervical lymphade- bacterial lymphadenitis. Ultrasonographic evaluation nopathy by ultrasonography as a means of differen- might be of value for diagnosis of KD patients with tiating between KD and other infectious diseases, cervical lymphadenopathy at an early stage of the such as presumed bacterial lymphadenitis and acute disease. Pediatrics 2002;109(5). URL: http://www. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection presenting as in- pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/5/e77; Kawasaki dis- fectious mononucleosis (IM). ease, cervical lymphadenopathy, ultrasonography, bacte- rial lymphadenitis, EB virus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS ABBREVIATIONS. KD, Kawasaki disease; CAL, coronary artery Patients lesions; IVGG, intravenous gammaglobulin; EBV, Epstein-Barr Eligible patients were those who presented to our hospital with virus; IM, infectious mononucleosis; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, fever and lymphadenopathy that was visible as an anterior or C-reactive protein. posterior cervical mass. Illness day 1 was determined as the first day of fever for all patients. All of the patients were Japanese. Informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from awasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness the participants’ parents. of unknown cause that occurs primarily in Kinfants and young children.1 Between 20% and 25% of untreated patients develop coronary ar- KD KD patients were diagnosed by the standard diagnostic crite- ria.1 Only KD patients who had a cervical mass at presentation From the Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University School of Med- were included. All patients were examined by ultrasound before icine, Yamaguchi, Japan. receiving standard Japanese treatment with IVGG (Venilon, Teijin Received for publication Sep 6, 2001; accepted Jan 4, 2002. Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), 400 mg/kg/d for 5 days and oral aspirin Reprint requests to (T.M.) Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University (30 mg/kg/d). This treatment was initiated on diagnosis. Two- School of Medicine, 1–1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, dimensional echocardiography was used to detect the presence of Japan. E-mail: [email protected] CAL. Coronary arteries with diameters of 4 mm or more were PEDIATRICS (ISSN 0031 4005). Copyright © 2002 by the American Acad- classified as abnormal, in accordance with the KD Cardiovascular emy of Pediatrics. Lesion Diagnostic Criteria of the Research Committee on KD.6 http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/5/Downloaded from www.aappublications.org/newse77 by guestPEDIATRICS on September Vol.29, 2021 109 No. 5 May 2002 1of5 Presumed Bacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis sedation. Photographs of ultrasound images were recorded by one The diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms of acute bacte- investigator (N.T.). rial lymphadenitis that included a tender cervical neck mass with overlying erythema and red color, and supportive laboratory data RESULTS including an elevated white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reac- Over the 4-year study period, 35 patients who tive protein (CRP) level. Aspirates for bacterial culture were per- formed when clinically indicated. Diagnosis of bacterial lymph- presented with fever and a cervical neck mass were adenitis was further confirmed by a clinical improvement on enrolled. Twenty-two patients ultimately met the di- appropriate intravenous antibiotic therapy. Ultrasound examina- agnostic criteria for KD, 8 patients were diagnosed tion was performed before initiation of intravenous antibiotics. with presumed bacterial lymphadenitis, and 5 pa- tients were diagnosed with EBV-IM. EBV-IM The diagnosis was based on a clinical presentation of sore throat, fever, and bilateral cervical lymphadnopathy accompanied KD by atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. All patients were Of the 22 patients who ultimately met the diagnos- positive for IgM and IgG antibodies to EBV capsid antigen and tic criteria for KD, 15 were boys and 7 were girls were negative for antibody to EBV nuclear antigen during the (mean age: 2.6 years; range: 0.2–7.0 years; Table 1). acute stage. No patients required steroid therapy. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes Ultrasonography was performed on the patients on illness day 2 to 7 The measurement of the cervical neck mass was performed by (mean: 4.0) on admission. In these patients, the diag- one investigator (N.T.). When bilateral lymphadenopathy was nosis for KD was made on illness day 4 to 7 (mean: present, the larger of the neck masses was examined by ultra- 5.0). The mean peripheral WBC and neutrophil sonography. At the time of admission, ultrasonograms of cervical counts were 16 150/mm3 (range: 9200–30 500/mm3) lymph nodes were obtained using a 7.5-MHz or 10-MHz trans- 3 3 ducer of a B-mode sector scanner (Aloka SSD-2200, Aloka Co, Ltd, and 11 612/mm (range: 4554–23 790/mm ), and the Tokyo, Japan). Ultrasonography required 3 to 5 minutes per pa- mean CRP level was 9.0 mg/dL (range: 2.7–20.9 mg/ tient and adequate studies were obtained from all patients without dL) at the time of the cervical lymph nodes evalu- TABLE 1. Patients With KD, Presumed Bacterial Lymphadenitis, and EBV-IM Variable Case Age Gender Neck Mass Illness Day‡ Culture Numbers* Size (mm)† US Evaluation Diagnosis§ KD 1 6 F 1 u 30 ϫ 20 4 5 ND 22 M 1u50ϫ 40 5 5 ND 33 M 1u45ϫ 40 2 5 ND 43 M 1u25ϫ 25 3 5 ND 53 F 1u55ϫ 50 3 5 ND 63 M 1u25ϫ 25 7 6 ND 7 0.2 M 1 u 30 ϫ 20 3 4 ND 82 M 1u30ϫ 30 3 5 ND 93 M 1u50ϫ 30 3 5 ND 10 2 M 1 u 40 ϫ 35 2 4 ND 11 2 M 1 u 20 ϫ 20 3 4 ND 12 2 M 1 u 40 ϫ 30 5 5 ND 13 2 F 1 u 50 ϫ 30 6 6 ND 14 0.6 F 1 u 30 ϫ 30 5 5 ND 15 2 M 1 u 40 ϫ 20 7 7 ND 16 1.1 M 1 u 50 ϫ 30 3 5 ND 17 4 F 1 u 40 ϫ 40 4 7 ND 18 7 M 1 u 30 ϫ 20 2 5 ND 19 1.5 F 1 u 30 ϫ 20 4 4 ND 20 5 M 1 u 50 ϫ 50 5 5 ND 21 1.3 M 1 u 30 ϫ 20 4 4 ND 22 4 F 1 u 30 ϫ 20 5 5 ND Presumed bacterial 1 7 F 1 u 30 ϫ 30 4 ND cervical 2 1 M 1 u 60 ϫ 20 5 ND lymphadenitis 3 0.7 F 1 u 60 ϫ 50 8 Staphylococcus aureus 4 0.7 M 1 u 60 ϫ 60 12 ND 53 M 3b15ϫ 15 2 ND 64 F 2b50ϫ 50 6 Staphylococcus aureus 7 0.4 M 1 u 60 ϫ 40 4 ND 84 F 1u30ϫ 30 3 ND EBV-IM 1 1 M 3 b 50 ϫ 30 5 ND 22 M 3b40ϫ 30 10 ND 35 F 4b50ϫ 40 23 ND 4 1.7 M 2 b 40 ϫ 30 2 ND 54 F 2b65ϫ 45 13 ND US indicates ultrasonography; u, unilateral; b, bilateral; ND, not done.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Left Supraclavicular Lymphadenopathy As the Only Clinical Presentation of Prostate Cancer: a Case Report
    ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2017 17/2 DOI: 10.1515/acm-2017-0011 41 LEFT SUPRACLAVICULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY AS THE ONLY CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PROSTATE CANCER: A CASE REPORT MOHANAD ABUSULTAN1, HANZEL P2, DURCANSKY D3, HAJTMAN A3. 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Prievidza Hospital, Slovak Republic 2Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin, Slovak Republic 3Department of Pathology, Prievidza Hospital, Slovak Republic A bstract Prostate cancer usually metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and can rarely metastases to nonregional supradi- aphragmatic lymph nodes. Cervical lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer is extremely rare. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in male patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. In this report we present a rare case of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma with left supra- clavicular lymphadenopathy as the only clinical presentation with no other evidence of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes or bone metastasis. Key words: Prostate cancer, Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, Metastasis INTRODUCTION Most of cancer metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes is from cancers of the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract. The second most common source of metastasis is nonmucosal tumors in the head and neck such as salivary glands, thyroid glands and skin [1]. Cancers originating from sites other than the head and neck can rarely metastasize to the cervical lymph nodes. However, neoplasms of the genitourinary tract make up a sig- nificant proportion of these cancers and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of the head and neck [2].
    [Show full text]
  • M. H. RATZLAFF: the Superficial Lymphatic System of the Cat 151
    M. H. RATZLAFF: The Superficial Lymphatic System of the Cat 151 Summary Four examples of severe chylous lymph effusions into serous cavities are reported. In each case there was an associated lymphocytopenia. This resembled and confirmed the findings noted in experimental lymph drainage from cannulated thoracic ducts in which the subject invariably devdops lymphocytopenia as the lymph is permitted to drain. Each of these patients had com­ munications between the lymph structures and the serous cavities. In two instances actual leakage of the lymphography contrrult material was demonstrated. The performance of repeated thoracenteses and paracenteses in the presenc~ of communications between the lymph structures and serous cavities added to the effect of converting the. situation to one similar to thoracic duct drainage .The progressive immaturity of the lymphocytes which was noted in two patients lead to the problem of differentiating them from malignant cells. The explanation lay in the known progressive immaturity of lymphocytes which appear when lymph drainage persists. Thankful acknowledgement is made for permission to study patients from the services of Drs. H. J. Carroll, ]. Croco, and H. Sporn. The graphs were prepared in the Department of Medical Illustration and Photography, Dowristate Medical Center, Mr. Saturnino Viloapaz, illustrator. References I Beebe, D. S., C. A. Hubay, L. Persky: Thoracic duct 4 Iverson, ]. G.: Phytohemagglutinin rcspon•e of re­ urctcral shunt: A method for dccrcasingi circulating circulating and nonrecirculating rat lymphocytes. Exp. lymphocytes. Surg. Forum 18 (1967), 541-543 Cell Res. 56 (1969), 219-223 2 Gesner, B. M., J. L. Gowans: The output of lympho­ 5 Tilney, N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Size of Lymph Nodes in the Neck on Sonograms As a Radiologic Criterion for Metastasis: How Reliable Is It?
    AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:695–700, April 1998 The Size of Lymph Nodes in the Neck on Sonograms as a Radiologic Criterion for Metastasis: How Reliable Is It? Michiel W. M. van den Brekel, Jonas A. Castelijns, and Gordon B. Snow PURPOSE: A definition of cut-off points for nodal size is essential to determine whether cervical lymph nodes are metastatic or not. Because the currently used size criteria are defined for random populations of patients with head and neck cancer, we set out to study whether these criteria are optimal for patients without palpable metastases in different levels of the neck. We defined optimal size criteria for sonography by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of different size cut-off points. METHODS: We compared the sensitivity and specificity of different size cut-off points as measured on sonograms for various levels in the neck in a series of 117 patients with and 131 patients without palpable neck metastases. RESULTS: A minimum axial diameter of 7 mm for level II and 6 mm for the rest of the neck revealed the optimal compromise between sensitivity and specificity in necks without palpable metastases. For all necks together (with and without palpable metastases), the criteria were 1 to 2 mm larger. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the current sonographic size criteria used for random patient populations are not optimal for necks without palpable metastases, nor can the same cut-off points be used for all levels in the neck. The management of lymph node metastases in the cious lymph nodes may convert both selective neck neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the treatment and a wait-and-see policy to more secure upper air and food passages is a continuing source of comprehensive treatment of all levels of the neck (6).
    [Show full text]
  • Silicone Granuloma: a Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy Following Breast Implantation Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor ‍ ‍ ,1,2 Youssef Mentias,2 Francis Stafford2
    Case report BMJ Case Rep: first published as 10.1136/bcr-2020-239395 on 3 March 2021. Downloaded from Silicone granuloma: a cause of cervical lymphadenopathy following breast implantation Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor ,1,2 Youssef Mentias,2 Francis Stafford2 1Population Health Sciences SUMMARY painless lumps had been progressively enlarging Institute, Newcastle University, We report a case of a 54-year -old woman with saline- over a 2- week period. She had also been having Newcastle upon Tyne, UK based breast implants who presented to the ear, nose episodes of night sweats but she felt these were 2Otolaryngology & Radiology and throat neck lump clinic with a 2- week history of related to her menopause. She had not noticed Department, Sunderland Royal bilateral neck lumps. She was found to have multiple any other lumps around her body. She denied any Hospital, Sunderland, UK palpable cervical lymph nodes bilaterally in levels IV weight loss and had no head and neck red flag Correspondence to and Vb. The ultrasonography demonstrated multiple symptoms or B- type symptoms. Additionally, she Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor; lymph nodes with the snowstorm sign and a core had no recent viral illness. amar. rajgor@ newcastle. ac. uk biopsy confirmed a silicone granuloma (siliconoma). Thirteen years prior to presentation, she had This granuloma was likely caused by bleeding gel from bilateral breast augmentation with silicone- based Accepted 11 February 2021 the silicone shell of her saline-based implants. This case implants. Three years following insertion, her sili- demonstrates the importance of bleeding gel from saline- cone implants were recalled by the manufacturer based implants, in the absence of implant rupture.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease
    Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Kawasaki Disease Norimichi Tashiro, MD; Tomoyo Matsubara, MD; Masashi Uchida, MD; Kumiko Katayama, MD; Takashi Ichiyama, MD; and Susumu Furukawa, MD ABSTRACT. Objective. Kawasaki disease (KD) is one tery lesions (CAL), which can lead to myocardial of the common causes of cervical lymphadenopathy dur- infarction or even death.2 Early diagnosis and treat- ing early childhood. The purpose of this study was to ment with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) can compare the ultrasonographic feature of cervical lymph reduce the risk of cardiac complications of KD.3 Be- nodes in patients with KD, bacterial lymphadenitis, and cause there are no specific diagnostic tests for KD, infectious mononucleosis. Design. We studied 22 patients with KD, 8 with pre- the diagnosis is established by the presence of 5 of 6 sumed bacterial lymphadenitis, and 5 with Epstein-Barr criteria in the absence of some other explanation for virus infectious mononucleosis. We examined the cervi- the illness.1 The Japanese diagnostic criteria include cal nodes by ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz or 10- the following: 1) fever persisting for 5 days or longer; MHz transducer of a B-mode sector scanner in all pa- 2) nonexudative conjunctival injections; 3) oral mu- tients with a chief complaint of fever and a visible cosal changes; 4) changes of the peripheral extremi- cervical mass during a fixed time interval (July 1995- ties; 5) rash, primarily truncal; and 6) cervical lymph- March 2000). adenopathy (at least 15 mm in diameter). Cervical Results. In KD patients, transverse ultrasonograms demonstrated multiple hypoechoic-enlarged nodes form- lymphadenopathy is the least common diagnostic ing one palpable mass, which resembled a cluster of criterion and is present in approximately 50% to 75% grapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Lymphatic Drainage in the Adultlaboratory
    J. Anat. (1971), 109, 3, pp. 369-383 369 With 11 figures Printed in Great Britain Patterns of lymphatic drainage in the adult laboratory rat NICHOLAS L. TILNEY Department of Surgery, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Accepted 27 April 1971) INTRODUCTION This study was undertaken to define and elucidate patterns of lymphatic drainage in the adult laboratory rat. The incentive for the work arose from investigations into the role of regional lymphatics in the sensitization of the host by skin allografts. It has become clear that the response of rats to antigens, investigated increasingly in the available inbred strains, requires an accurate knowledge of lymphoid anatomy and lymphatic drainage routes. Examinations of the lymphatics of specific body areas of the rat have appeared sporadically in the literature, but descriptions of regional drainage patterns, especially of peripheral sites, are unavailable. Previous investigations by Job (1919), Greene (1935) and Sanders & Florey (1940) have con- centrated primarily upon the location of the lymphoid tissues. Miotti (1965) has stressed visceral drainage, and Higgins (1925) has described the lymphatic system of the newborn rat. A more complete definition of both somatic and visceral lymphatic routes is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty normal adult rats of both sexes, each weighing between 150 and 300 g, were studied. The animals came from five strains: each inbred - Oxford strains of the albino (AO), hooded (HO), agouti (DA), and F1 hybrid of the HO and DA strains - and 'stock' animals from a closed outbred albino colony. Under ether anaesthesia, the site for cutaneous injection was clipped or a serous cavity entered for visceral injection.
    [Show full text]
  • An Approach to Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Children
    Singapore Med J 2020; 61(11): 569-577 Practice Integration & Lifelong Learning https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2020151 CMEARTICLE An approach to cervical lymphadenopathy in children Serena Su Ying Chang1, MMed, MRCPCH, Mengfei Xiong2, MBBS, Choon How How3,4, MMed, FCFP, Dawn Meijuan Lee1, MBBS, MRCPCH Mrs Tan took her daughter Emma, a well-thrived three-year-old girl, to the family clinic for two days of fever, sore throat and rhinorrhoea. Apart from slight decreased appetite, Mrs Tan reported that Emma’s activity level and behaviour were not affected. During the examination, Emma was interactive, her nose was congested with clear rhinorrhoea, and there was pharyngeal injection without exudates. You discovered bilateral non-tender, mobile cervical lymph nodes that were up to 1.5 cm in size. Mrs Tan was uncertain if they were present prior to her current illness. There was no organomegaly or other lymphadenopathy. You treated Emma for viral respiratory tract illness and made plans to review her in two weeks for her cervical lymphadenopathy. WHAT IS LYMPHADENOPATHY? masses in children can be classified into congenital or acquired Lymphadenopathy is defined as the presence of one or more causes. Congenital lesions are usually painless and may be identified lymph nodes of more than 1 cm in diameter, with or without an at or shortly after birth. They may also present with chronic drainage abnormality in character.(1) In children, it represents the majority or recurrent episodes of swelling, which may only be obvious in later of causes of neck masses, which are abnormal palpable lumps life or after a secondary infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraoperative Pathological Investigation of Recurrent Nerve
    1061-1066 6/10/06 16:26 Page 1061 ONCOLOGY REPORTS 16: 1061-1066, 2006 Intraoperative pathological investigation of recurrent nerve nodal metastasis can guide the decision whether to perform cervical lymph node dissection in thoracic esophageal cancer YUJI UEDA1, ATSUSHI SHIOZAKI1, HIROSUMI ITOI2, KAZUMA OKAMOTO1, HITOSHI FUJIWARA1, DAISUKE ICHIKAWA1, SHOJIRO KIKUCHI1, NOBUAKI FUJI1, TSUYOSHI ITOH1, TOSHIYA OCHIAI1, SHUHEI KOMATSU1 and HISAKAZU YAMAGISHI1 1Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566; 2Department of Surgery, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine Graduate School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan, Kyoto 602-0392, Japan Received July 3, 2006; Accepted August 7, 2006 Abstract. Three-field lymph node dissection has been widely evidence of cervical lymph node metastasis. The remaining used to treat thoracic esophageal cancer, but is very invasive 31 patients had no recurrent nerve nodal metastasis on and can cause serious complications. Whether cervical lymph intraoperative pathological examination and therefore did node dissection should be performed in all patients with not receive cervical lymph node dissection. None of these thoracic esophageal cancer remains controversial. We patho- patients had cervical lymph node recurrence on follow-up. logically examined the recurrent nerve lymph nodes during We compared patients who underwent intraoperative patho- surgery in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer to determine logical investigation with those who underwent conventional the presence or absence of lymph node involvement. In patients 3-field lymph node dissection (without performing intra- without recurrent nerve nodal involvement, cervical lymph operative pathological investigation).
    [Show full text]
  • Level VI Lymph Nodes: an Anatomic Study of Lymph Nodes Located Between the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Right Common Carotid Artery
    DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20181972 Artigo Original Linfonodos do nível VI: estudo anatômico dos linfonodos localizados entre o nervo laríngeo recorrente e a artéria carótida comum direita. Level VI lymph nodes: an anatomic study of lymph nodes located between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the right common carotid artery. SAMIR OMAR SALEH1; FLÁVIO CARNEIRO HOJAIJ1; ANA MARIA ITEZEROTI1; CRISTINA PIRES CAMARGO1; KASSEM SAMIR SALEH2; MAURO FIGUEIREDO CARVALHO DE ANDRADE1; FLÁVIA EMI AKAMATSU1; ALFREDO LUIZ JACOMO1 RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a presença de linfonodos e suas relações com características demográficas e antropométricas em uma região específica ainda não descrita pelos compêndios de anatomia, por nós denominada de Recesso Carotídeo Recorrencial (RCR), localizada entre o nervo laríngeo recorrente direito, a artéria carótida comum direita e a artéria tireoidea inferior direita. Métodos: foram dissecadas 32 regiões cervicais à direita de cadáveres com até 24 horas de post mortem. O tecido fibrogorduroso do RCR foi ressecado e preparado com fixação em formol. Em seguida, foi submetido a uma sequência crescente de álcoois (70%, 80% e 90%), posteriormente a uma solução de Xilol e, por fim, a uma solução de Salicilato de Metila, respeitando o tempo necessário de cada etapa. O estudo macroscópico foi realizado na peça diafanizada, observando a presença ou não de linfonodos. Quando presentes, foram fotografados e suas medidas foram aferidas com um paquímetro digital. No estudo microscópico, foi utilizada a coloração hematoxilina-eosina para confirmação do linfonodo. Resultados: observou-se a presença de linfonodos em 22 dos 32 espécimes (68,75%), com o número de linfonodos por cadáver variando de zero a seis (média de 1,56±0,29) e tamanho com média de 7,82mmx3,86mm (diâmetros longitudinal x transversal).
    [Show full text]
  • Supraclavicular Lymphadenitis Following COVID-19
    Supraclavicular Lymphadenitis Following COVID-19 Raid M. Al-Ani ( [email protected] ) University Of Anbar, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-9630 Rasheed Ali Rashid Tikrit University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology Case Report Keywords: COVID-19, Supraclavicular lymph node, cervical lymphadenopathy Posted Date: July 6th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-670161/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/9 Abstract Introduction Cervical lymphadenopathy in children is a common problem in daily clinical practice. Many cases of cervical lymphadenopathy after the COVID-19 vaccine were reported. However, there is no yet reporting a case of supraclavicular cervical lymphadenopathy as a result of COVID-19. Case presentation A 12-years-old girl presented with fever, cough, fatigue, anosmia, and ageusia. COVID-19 was conrmed by real-time PCR. The symptoms were resolved within 10 days. After 7 days, she complained of supraclavicular swelling. Physical examination revealed painless, multiple, and mobile supraclavicular lymph nodes. Ultrasound and ne-needle aspiration cytology were suspicious. Therefore, an excisional biopsy of the largest node was performed. The specimen was sent for histopathology and immunohistochemistry evaluation which conrmed the benign nature of the lymph node. Conclusion To our best knowledge, this is the rst case of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in a child with COVID- 19. It is essential to put COVID-19 in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Introduction There are various otorhinolaryngological manifestations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including, but not limited to, smell and taste abnormalities, dysphonia, hearing loss, sore throat, nasal obstruction, and parotitis [1][2][3].
    [Show full text]
  • Lymphadenopathy After the Anti-COVID-19 Vaccine: Multiparametric Ultrasound Findings
    biology Article Lymphadenopathy after the Anti-COVID-19 Vaccine: Multiparametric Ultrasound Findings Giulio Cocco 1,* , Andrea Delli Pizzi 2, Stefano Fabiani 1 , Nino Cocco 3, Andrea Boccatonda 4 , Alessio Frisone 5, Antonio Scarano 5 and Cosima Schiavone 1 1 Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (C.S.) 2 Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] 3 Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, 40010 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Post-anti-COVID-19 vaccine lymphadenopathy is a not uncommon event. In this study, we investigated the multiparametric ultrasound findings of patients with post-vaccine lym- phadenopathy and compared these findings among different anti-COVID-19 vaccines. We evaluated patients presenting with post-anti-COVID-19 lymphadenopathy. The presence, size, location, number, morphology, cortex–hilum, superb microvascular imaging and elastosonography of lymph nodes were assessed. They were axillary and supraclavicular ipsilateral to the injection site. Prevalent Citation: Cocco, G.; Delli Pizzi, A.; ultrasound features included oval morphology, asymmetric cortex with hilum evidence, central and Fabiani, S.; Cocco, N.; Boccatonda, A.; peripheral vascular signals at superb microvascular imaging and elastosonography patterns similar Frisone, A.; Scarano, A.; Schiavone, to the surrounding tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • An Asymptomatic Submandibular Mass : a Clinicopathologic Conference
    Review Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.21.003540 An Asymptomatic Submandibular Mass : A Clinicopathologic Conference Priyanka Singh1, Pavan M Patil2*, Seema P Patil3 and Mithilesh Mishra4 1Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, India 2Professor and Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, India 3Director, COSMOZONE Dental and Implant Clinic, India 4Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, India *Corresponding author: Pavan M Patil, Professor and Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, India ARTICLE INFO Abstract Received: August 26, 2019 We present a rare case of isolated submandibular lymph node sarcoidosis with no Published: August 30, 2019 systemic involvement. Differential diagnosis of cervical swellings is discussed. This sarcoidosis. Long term follow up is recommended in such cases as these manifestations Citation: Priyanka S, Pavan M P, Seema P maycase servehighlights as precursors the diagnostic for systemic difficulties sarcoidosis. in isolated head and neck manifestations of P, Mithilesh M. An Asymptomatic Subm- andibular Mass : A Clinicopathologic Con- Keywords: Sarcoidosis; Submandibular Swelling; Lymph Node; Neck Swelling ference. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 21(1)- 2019. BJSTR. MS.ID.003540. Clinical Presentation actual dimension. The left submandibular salivary gland was A 53-year-old male patient complained of a swelling in the left neck lasting 6 months. The growth was painless and asymptomatic Intra oral examination and dental health were unremarkable. His except for the slight discomfort to the patient due to the growth.
    [Show full text]