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Thursday Morning, 3 July 2008 Room 242B, 8:00 A.M. to 12:00 Noon

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Thursday Morning, 3 July 2008 Room 242B, 8:00 A.M. to 12:00 Noon THURSDAY MORNING, 3 JULY 2008 ROOM 242B, 8:00 A.M. TO 12:00 NOON Session 4aAAa Architectural Acoustics: Architectural Acoustics Potpourri David T. Bradley, Cochair 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12604 Andrea Farnetani, Cochair Engineering Dept. - Univ. of Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, Ferrara, 44100, Italy Contributed Papers 8:00 8:40 4aAAa1. Irregular sound absorbers work better. Bernard 4aAAa3. The vibration sound absorption theory of soft materials.Xin Sapoval ͑Ecole Polytechnique, PMC-Polytechnique Route de Saclay, An Zhang ͑Xi’an Polytechnic University, 134#, Key Laboratary, 19 South 91128 Palaiseau, France, [email protected]͒, Anna Jin Hua Road, 710048 Xi’an, China, [email protected]͒ Rozanova-Pierrat ͑Ecole Polytechnique, PMC-Polytechnique Route de During the past 2 years, a new theory has been established for soft ma- Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, anna.rozanova-pierrat@polytechnique terials that the vibration of materials brings the sound absorption, regardless ͒ ͑ .edu , Simon Félix Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Maine, whether they have pores in them or not. This theory is totally different from Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France, simon.felix@univ- Classical theory, such as the Rayleigh model and the Zwikker and Kosten lemans.fr͒, Marcel Filoche ͑Ecole Polytechnique, PMC-Polytechnique theory. Firstly, an empirical sound absorption coefficients formula of fibrous Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, marcel.filoche@polytechnique materials was found. Secondly, the theory sound absorption formula of thin .edu͒ fiber layers was obtained by the vibration sound absorption analysis and the applying of conservation law of energy. This formula agrees well with the The diffraction and absorption of waves by a system with both absorbing empirical sound absorption formula of fibrous materials ͑mentioned above͒. properties and irregular geometry is an open physical problem. In the same Based on this achievment and applying classical laws of conservation of ͑ ͒ time, irregular absorbers have been shown to be extremely efficient 1 .A momentum and conservation of energy, the sound absorption theory formula more reachable and closely related goal is the understanding of wave oscil- of membrane ͑diaphragm͒ was also obtained, which have been well justified lations in confined systems containing an absorbing material with an irregu- and also agree with the practice. This paper will review and discuss the main lar shape. From the theoretical point of view, the difficulty lies in the fact point about the vibration sound absorption theory and its establishment. that part of the propagation occurs in a lossy material for which the wave operator is non-hermitian. It is found here that, in resonators containing an irregular shaped absorbent material, there appears a new type of 9:00 localization. This phenomemon, that we call ’’astride’’ localization, de- 4aAAa4. The influence of absorption on statistical distribution of free ͑ scribes the fact that these modes exist in both the lossless and the lossy path lengths in rooms. Dragana Sumarac Pavlovic Faculty of Electrical regions. They are then both lossy and well coupled to sources in the air. A Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serby, ͒ ͑ numerical computation of the time decay of acoustic energy shows that in- [email protected] , Miomir Mijic Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serby, [email protected]͒ deed sound absorbing devices work better when presenting a very irregular shape and that this is directly linked due to the existence of astride The ray tracing method in sound field simulation in a room allows the localisation. ͑1͒ Fractal Wall, product of Colas Inc., French patent N0- calculation of the free path lengths distribution ͑FPL͒ by superimposing all 203404; U.S. patent 10”508,119. rays paths generated in the analysis. In room acoustics the statistical theory of sound field defined this distribution as an indicator of room geometrical properties which are independent of absorption. Accordingly, some commer- cial softwares for ray tracing simulation allow user to calculate that global distribution of FPL only. This paper is concerned with the analysis of the 4a THU. AM 8:20 changes in the shape of FPL distribution as a consequence of nonuniform 4aAAa2. A brief review on micro-perforated sound absorbers. arrangement of absorption in room. Particularly is analysed the impact of Christian Nocke ͑Akustikbüro Oldenburg, Katharinenstr. 10, 26121 absorptive auditorium in different global forms of the halls where all other Oldenburg, Germany, [email protected]͒, Catja interior surfaces are acoustically hard. Hilge ͑Akustikbüro Oldenburg, Katharinenstr. 10, 26121 Oldenburg, Ger- many, [email protected]͒, Jean-Marc Scherrer ͑Normalu 9:20 S.A.S, Route du Sipes, 68680 Kembs, France, [email protected]͒ 4aAAa5. The influence of geometrical features of rooms on their The theory and design of microperforated panel sound-absorbing con- acoustic response - insight based on measurements in physical models. ͑ structions have been introduced by D.-Y. Maa in 1975. Since then many Miomir Mijic Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksan- ͒ variations of micro-perforated sound absorbing devices and materials have dra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serby, [email protected] , Dragana Sumarac ͑ been introduced. Materials that have been used to be micro-perforated have Pavlovic Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, ͒ been metal, wood, plastics and many others. A survey of different applica- 11000 Belgrade, Serby, [email protected] tions of micro-perforation will be presented. Examples shown in more detail In a previous paper by the same authors, an analysis of the influence of are the development of stretched foils and metal as micro-perforated panels. geometrical features of rooms on their acoustic response was presented Results of sound absorption measurements of various assemblies for normal ͑Acta Acustica, Vol 93, 2007, 1012-1026͒. The analysis was based on ray and statistical incidence of sound will be shown and compared with theo- tracing simulation. The results have shown that geometrical characteristics retical predictions. Finally the potential of the micro-perforated sound ab- of rooms do influence reverberation time, and this influence is realised by sorber will be discussed. the structure of sound energy paths through the room. It was concluded that 3497 J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 123, No. 5, Pt. 2, May 2008 Acoustics’08 Paris 3497 Downloaded 09 Jan 2012 to 69.91.218.119. Redistribution subject to ASA license or copyright; see http://asadl.org/journals/doc/ASALIB-home/info/terms.jsp room geometry influences reverberation time both at macro and micro lev- In order to create an optimum Room Acoustic ComfortTM ͑RACTM͒ in els, and this influence cannot be separated. To validate these conclusions in rooms it is important to consider a variety of different acoustic descriptors. a real sound field, additional measurements have been conducted in spe- These descriptors must match and facilitate for wanted human qualities such cially prepared physical models of rooms. In several models of different as ability to concentrate, reduced stress, clear speech etc. In this process it is shapes selected from previous results, scaled 1:10, the changes of scattering important to consider the people, what they do ͑the activity͒ and what room were introduced by appropriate modifications of interior surfaces. The re- they will be in. Today, when designing ordinary rooms from an acoustic per- sults have confirmed the previous study conclusions. spective, mainly reverberation time ͑T20͒ is utilised - both in practice but also in building regulation and standards. Reverberation time ͑T20͒ only de- scribe the later part of the decay curve, and therefore only partly mirror the 9:40 wanted acoustic reality. Thus, based upon a large number of acoustic mea- 4aAAa6. Room acoustics prediction based on multiple linear surements, we suggest a ЉcocktailЉ of acoustic descriptors for ordinary regressions and artificial neural networks. Maria Ribeiro ͑FEUP DEC, ” rooms in buildings like schools, offices, health care premises etc. These de- Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, [email protected] scriptors have to cover both early and late decay, sound levels and speech .pt͒, Fernando Martins ͑FEUP DEC, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 ” quality. Our suggestions are Speech Clarity ͑C50͒, Speech Transmission In- Porto, Portugal, [email protected]͒ dex ͑STI͒, Early Decay Time ͑EDT͒, Reverberation Time ͑T20͒ and Room acoustic quality is known to be dependent on several objective Strength ͑G͒. Moreover, in open and long spaces we also suggest the acous- variables that are expected to be well correlated with subjective impressions tic descriptors Rate of Spatial Decay ͑DL2͒ and Excess of Sound Pressure of the room acoustics as judged by musical experts. Although subjects have Level ͑DLf͒. different preferences and overall judgments are based in different criteria, it can be said that listeners in their subjective evaluation would give prefer- ence to reverberance, clarity, intimacy or spaciousness attributes. In this 11:00 study, reverberance and clarity, expressed respectively by T30”EDT and C80 4aAAa9. Distribution of Speech Intelligibility Metrics in Classrooms objective values, were predicted by multiple linear regression and artificial with Varied Signal to
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