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Lawrence Mwengi Mulatya Final Project ASYLUM AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN KENYA LAWRENCE MWENGI MULATYA A research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the award of Master of Arts Degree in International Studies of the Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies, University of Nairobi June 2014 DECLARATION I declare that, this project is my own original work and has not been presented for award of any degree in any University. Signed: ___________________________ Date _________________ Name: LawenceMwengiMulatya Reg No: R50/76063/2009 This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University supervisor. Signed: ___________________________ Date _________________ Name: Dr.Maluki Patrick ii DEDICATION I dedicate this study to my dear wife purity and sons Mulatyajnr and Ngumbau for bearing with my absence in the course of the entire study. Further I will be greatly indebted if I forget the victims of terrorism in Kenya and beyond who moved me to take on the topic. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I owe my great acknowledgement to the support I received from such thinkers as the late Prof. Nyunya, my supervisor Dr.Maluki, and previous experiences at coursework level from Prof.MariaNzomo all from IDIS, University of Nairobi. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .......................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background to the study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the study.............................................................................................................. 6 1.3Hypotheses ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Justification of the study ........................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Literature Review...................................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.7.2 Unit of analysis................................................................................................................. 14 1.7.3 Sampling procedure.......................................................................................................... 14 1.7.4 Methods of data collection ............................................................................................... 15 1.7.4.1 Questionnaires ............................................................................................................... 15 1.7.4.2 Interviews ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.7.4.3 Library and internet ....................................................................................................... 15 1.8 Data analysis ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.9 Definition of key concepts ...................................................................................................... 16 1.9.1Refugee.............................................................................................................................. 16 1.9.2 Asylum seeker .................................................................................................................. 16 1.9.3 Well-founded fear ............................................................................................................ 16 v 1.9.4 Persecution ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.9.5 National security .............................................................................................................. 17 1.9.6 Asylum seeker .................................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 18 ASYLUM IN INTERNATIONAL LAW .................................................................................. 18 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 18 2.3 Elements of Asylum under international Law ........................................................................ 22 2.5 The Three Faces of the Right Of Asylum ............................................................................... 25 2.5.1. The Right of a State to Grant Asylum ............................................................................. 25 2.5.2. The Right of an Individual to Seek Asylum .................................................................... 26 2.5.3. The Right of an Individual to be granted Asylum ........................................................... 27 2.6 The Principle of Non-Refoulement ......................................................................................... 28 2.8 The Refugees Act 2006 ........................................................................................................... 31 2.9 The Question of Refugees/Asylum-seekers and National Security ........................................ 33 2.10 Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons ................................................................. 36 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 43 NATIONAL SECURITY IN KENYA ...................................................................................... 43 3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 43 3.4.1 Terrorism .......................................................................................................................... 49 3.4.2 Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons ............................................................. 54 3.4.3 Poaching and Trafficking in Wildlife Products................................................................ 57 3.4.4 The Poaching - Terror Nexus ........................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 66 ASYLUM AND NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY IN KENYA ................................... 66 4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 66 vi 4.2.1 Securitization of Migration .............................................................................................. 68 4.2.2 Human Security Paradigm ............................................................................................... 71 4.4 National Security Strategy versus the Principle of Non Refoulement .................................... 75 4.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 82 CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 84 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................ 84 5.0 Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 84 5.1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 86 5.1.1Recommendations to the African Union ........................................................................... 86 5.1.2 Recommendations to the Government of Kenya ............................................................. 88 5.1.3 Recommendations to Refugee and Asylum Seekers ........................................................ 89 5.1.4 Recommendations to the UNHCR ................................................................................... 90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 91 vii LIST OF ABREVIATIONS AU African Union DRA Department of Refugee Affairs ECOSOC Economic GA General Assembly GDDP Garissa District Development Plan NSC National Security Council OAU Organization of African Union RSD Refugee Status
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